CN108587695B

CN108587695B - Biomass tar pyrolysis device

Info

Publication number: CN108587695B
Application number: CN201810047917.5A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 齐永锋; 王妹婷
Original assignee: Yangzhou University
Current assignee: Yangzhou University
Priority date: 2018-01-18
Filing date: 2018-01-18
Publication date: 2020-09-18
Anticipated expiration: 2038-01-18
Also published as: CN108587695A

Abstract

The utility model provides a living beings tar pyrolysis device, belong to energy conversion equipment technical field, including the reactor main part, the outside of reactor main part is equipped with the cotton layer of heat preservation, the cover that presss from both sides in reactor main part intermediate level is equipped with the irregular dog of a plurality of, reactor main part top is equipped with double-deck jacket structure's furnace roof, the top of furnace roof is equipped with the charge door, the air supply pipe hole, measuring hole and observation fire hole, reactor main part below is equipped with the ash chamber, be equipped with movable grate between ash chamber and the reactor main part, movable grate below is equipped with double cam link mechanism, the top of reactor main part is equipped with the gas outlet that is linked together with pressing from both. The invention has novel structure and clear working principle, the high temperature generated by the charcoal and the charcoal are used for cracking the tar, the gasification reaction is improved due to the addition of the water vapor, the temperature of the cracking device is not overhigh, the waste of heat is avoided, the irregular stop blocks effectively prevent the residual tar and dust in the fuel gas from being discharged, and the quality of the fuel gas is improved.

Description

Biomass tar pyrolysis device

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of energy conversion equipment, relates to a cracking device, and particularly relates to a high-temperature cracking device for biomass tar.

Background

The existing biomass gasification technology generally has the problems of poor gas production quality, complex post-treatment system and secondary environmental pollution caused by high tar content in gas.

For the treatment problem of tar in gasified fuel gas, there are washing separation method, electrostatic decoking method, filtering method and mechanical method, etc. with water or chemical solvent, but the energy of tar in fuel gas generally accounts for 10% -15% of total energy, and this part of energy is wasted in the decoking technology, even some technologies cause secondary pollution. If the tar is converted into the fuel gas, the gasification efficiency and the fuel gas quality can be improved, and the secondary pollution can be avoided, thereby having decisive significance for developing and popularizing the gasification technology.

The tar catalytic cracking technology can theoretically convert tar into combustible gas, so that the energy utilization rate is improved, secondary pollution is thoroughly reduced, a catalyst meeting the process requirements is difficult to select and expensive, and the catalytic cracking technology is more complex in reaction, so that great difficulty is brought to the control of the actual process.

The tar pyrolysis technology can obtain higher tar conversion efficiency at the temperature of more than 1100 ℃, but the technical problem of how to ensure the overall utilization efficiency of energy while obtaining high temperature at low cost is a technical problem. The cheap charcoal has catalytic action and can react to form a high-temperature region without an external heat source. The tar in the fuel gas is cracked when passing through the reaction zone, and the charcoal catalyzes the reaction and reacts with the gas to generate more fuel gas without regeneration. The charcoal high-temperature catalytic cracking process integrates catalytic cracking and high-temperature cracking, charcoal can be directly generated from woody biomass, raw materials are easy to obtain and low in cost, and the charcoal high-temperature catalytic cracking process has a wide application prospect in a biomass gasification technology.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to overcome the defects that in the existing process of converting tar into combustible gas, the gasification efficiency and the quality of the combustible gas are low, secondary pollution is easily formed, a catalyst meeting the process requirements is difficult to select and expensive, the catalytic cracking technology is complex in reaction, great difficulty is brought to the control of the actual process, and the like.

The technical scheme of the invention is as follows: a biomass tar pyrolysis device comprises a reactor main body consisting of a double-layer coaxial heat-resistant steel pipe and a flange welded above the double-layer heat-resistant steel pipe; the method is characterized in that: the reactor comprises a reactor main body, a flange, a furnace top cover, a heat insulation cotton layer, a plurality of irregular stop blocks, a furnace top cover, a steam feed pipe, an air feed pipe, a measuring hole and a fire observation hole, wherein the heat insulation cotton layer is arranged outside the reactor main body; an ash chamber is arranged below the reactor main body, an ash chamber valve is arranged at the bottom of the ash chamber, a movable grate capable of moving along the axial direction of the inner wall of the reactor main body is arranged between the ash chamber and the reactor main body, a jacket inlet is arranged on the inner wall of the reactor main body above the movable grate, a double-row cam link mechanism is arranged below the movable grate, the double-row cam link mechanism is in driving connection with a motor arranged outside the reactor main body, the movable grate moves up and down under the jacking action of the double-row cam link mechanism, a fuel gas outlet is arranged above the reactor main body, and the fuel gas outlet is communicated with the jacket.

One end of the steam air supply pipe and one end of the air supply pipe are welded tightly, the two air supply pipes can move along the axial direction, and the side wall of each air supply pipe is provided with a plurality of small holes so as to uniformly supply air to the periphery of the pipe wall.

The fire observation hole is arranged at the top of the furnace top cover through high-temperature glass seal, the feed inlet is arranged at the top of the furnace top cover through steel pipe welding, and the gas supply pipe holes are two guide steel pipes arranged at the top of the furnace top cover in a welding mode.

The reactor main body and the ash chamber are connected in a sealing mode through bolts and gaskets.

The irregular stop blocks are arranged in the jacket of the double-layer heat-resistant steel pipe in a welding mode, and the discharge of dust and tar is prevented through an inertia method.

The invention has the beneficial effects that: the biomass tar pyrolysis device provided by the invention has the advantages that the structure is novel, the working principle is clear, and the irregular stop blocks arranged in the high-temperature jacket can effectively prevent tar and dust in fuel gas from being discharged through inertia force; the movable fire grate arranged between the reactor main body and the ash chamber is driven by the connecting rod arranged on the ash chamber to perform top impact type up-and-down movement, so that the ash removal effect of the fire grate is improved, the valve is arranged at the bottom of the ash chamber and used for intermittently discharging ash, and the continuity and reliability of the work of the cracking furnace are improved; the air feed pipe and the bottom of the steam feed pipe are welded tightly, and the side wall is provided with a plurality of small holes, so that air is uniformly fed to the periphery, and the air feed pipe plays an important role in improving the stability of the working condition in the furnace; the double-row cam link mechanism is driven by an external motor or an air cylinder and a hydraulic cylinder, and meanwhile, the driving device is controlled by a computer, so that the controllability of the ash discharge of the hearth is stronger, and the adjustment is more flexible; the charcoal uses air or oxygen and water vapor as gasifying agents in the cracking device, so that the charcoal generates a part of fuel gas, the quality of the fuel gas is improved, meanwhile, due to the addition of the water vapor, the gasification reaction is improved, more high-quality components such as hydrogen, hydrocarbon and the like are generated, the temperature of the cracking device cannot be too high, and the waste of heat is avoided. The flow blocking block welded in the interlayer of the reactor effectively prevents residual tar and dust in the fuel gas from being discharged. Meanwhile, the high temperature in the interlayer effectively cracks the residual tar, and the quality of the fuel gas is improved.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic view of the overall structure of the present invention.

In the figure: the device comprises a feed inlet 1, a steam feed pipe 2, an air feed pipe 3, a measuring hole 4, a fire observation hole 5, a top cover jacket air inlet 6, a furnace top cover 7, a heat preservation cotton layer 8, a fuel gas outlet 9, an irregular stop block 10, a reactor main body 11, a jacket 12, a jacket inlet 13, a movable grate 14, a double-row cam connecting rod mechanism 15, a motor 16, an ash chamber 17 and an ash chamber valve 18.

Detailed Description

The invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings in which:

as shown in figure 1, the biomass tar pyrolysis device comprises a reactor main body 11 consisting of a double-layer coaxial heat-resistant steel pipe and a flange welded above the double-layer coaxial heat-resistant steel pipe; the reactor comprises a reactor main body 11, a heat preservation cotton layer 8, a plurality of irregular stop blocks 10, a furnace top cover 7, a double-layer jacket structure, a charging opening 1, an air supply pipe hole, a measuring hole 4 and a fire observation hole 5, a steam air supply pipe 2 and an air supply pipe 3 are arranged in the air supply pipe hole, and a top cover jacket air inlet 6 is arranged on the side wall of the furnace top cover 7; an ash chamber 17 is arranged below the reactor main body 11, an ash chamber valve 18 is arranged at the bottom of the ash chamber 17, a movable grate 14 capable of moving along the axial direction of the inner wall of the reactor main body 11 is arranged between the ash chamber 17 and the reactor main body 11, a jacket inlet 13 is arranged on the inner wall of the reactor main body 11 above the movable grate 14, a double-row cam link mechanism 15 is arranged below the movable grate 14, the double-row cam link mechanism 15 is in driving connection with a motor 16 arranged outside the reactor main body 11, the movable grate 14 moves up and down under the jacking of the double-row cam link mechanism 15, a fuel gas outlet 9 is arranged above the reactor main body 11, and the fuel gas outlet 9 is communicated with the jacket 12.

As shown in figure 1, one end of a water vapor air feed pipe 2 and one end of an air feed pipe 3 are welded tightly, the two air feed pipes can move along the axial direction, and the side wall of each air feed pipe is provided with a plurality of small holes to uniformly feed air to the periphery of the pipe wall; the fire observation hole 5 is hermetically arranged at the top of the furnace top cover 7 through high-temperature glass, the charging opening 1 is welded at the top of the furnace top cover 7 through a steel pipe, and the gas supply pipe holes are two guide steel pipes welded at the top of the furnace top cover 7; the reactor main body 11 is connected with the ash chamber 17 in a sealing way through bolts and gaskets; the irregular stopper 10 is installed in the jacket 12 of the double-layered heat-resistant steel pipe by welding, and prevents the discharge of dust and tar by an inertial method.

As shown in fig. 1, the working principle of the pyrolysis device for biomass tar is as follows: charcoal is fed from the charging port 1 of the furnace top cover 7 to the upper part of the movable grate 14 in the reactor main body 11, steam and air or oxygen are respectively fed from the steam feed pipe 2 and the air feed pipe 3 which are arranged on the furnace top cover 7 and can freely slide along the axial direction of the hearth, the charcoal is ignited until the reaction is stable, and at the moment, the reactor works in a high-temperature state and generates fuel gas. The tar-containing gas from the gasification device is fed from the gas inlet 6 of the top cover jacket, the gas enters a glowing material layer of the cracking furnace and is heated at high temperature, tar components in the tar-containing gas are catalyzed and cracked into combustible gas by most of the tar-containing gas, the combustible gas enters the jacket 12 along with the gas from the jacket inlet 13 at the bottom of the reactor main body 11 and rises, and finally the tar-containing gas is discharged from the gas outlet 9 at the top of the reactor main body 11, and the irregular stop block 10 welded in the jacket 12 effectively blocks the discharge of residual dust and tar. When the reactor has more accumulated ash, the motor (or the air cylinder or the hydraulic cylinder) 16 drives the double-row cam link mechanism 15 to top the movable grate 14 to remove the ash accumulated in the furnace into the ash chamber 17 until the ash is discharged out of the furnace from the ash chamber 17 through the ash chamber bottom valve 18.

Claims

1. A biomass tar pyrolysis device comprises a reactor main body (11) which is composed of a double-layer coaxial heat-resistant steel pipe and a flange welded above the double-layer heat-resistant steel pipe; the method is characterized in that: the device is characterized in that a heat insulation cotton layer (8) is arranged outside the reactor main body (11), a plurality of irregular stop blocks (10) are arranged in a jacket (12) in the middle layer of the reactor main body (11), a furnace top cover (7) is arranged above the flange, the furnace top cover (7) is of a double-layer jacket structure, a feed inlet (1), a gas supply pipe hole, a measuring hole (4) and a fire observation hole (5) are arranged at the top of the furnace top cover (7), a water vapor gas supply pipe (2) and an air gas supply pipe (3) are arranged in the gas supply pipe hole, a top cover jacket gas inlet (6) is arranged on the side wall of the furnace top cover (7), an ash chamber (17) is arranged below the reactor main body (11), an ash chamber valve (18) is arranged at the bottom of the ash chamber (17), a movable fire grate (14) capable of axially moving along the inner wall of the reactor main body (11) is arranged between the, the reactor is characterized in that a jacket inlet (13) is formed in the inner wall of the reactor main body (11) above the movable grate (14), a double-row cam link mechanism (15) is arranged below the movable grate (14), the double-row cam link mechanism (15) is in driving connection with a motor (16) arranged outside the reactor main body (11), the driving is controlled by a computer, the movable grate (14) moves up and down under the jacking action of the double-row cam link mechanism (15), a gas outlet (9) is formed in the upper portion of the reactor main body (11), and the gas outlet (9) is communicated with the jacket (12).

2. The pyrolysis device for biomass tar according to claim 1, characterized in that: one ends of the steam air supply pipe (2) and the air supply pipe (3) are welded tightly, and the side wall of the air supply pipe is provided with a plurality of small holes so as to uniformly supply air to the periphery of the pipe wall.

3. The pyrolysis device for biomass tar according to claim 1, characterized in that: the fire observation hole (5) is arranged at the top of the furnace top cover (7) through high-temperature glass sealing, the charging opening (1) is arranged at the top of the furnace top cover (7) through steel pipe welding, and the gas supply pipe holes are two guide steel pipes welded at the top of the furnace top cover (7).

4. The pyrolysis device for biomass tar according to claim 1, characterized in that: the reactor main body (11) and the ash chamber (17) are connected in a sealing mode through bolts and gaskets.

5. The pyrolysis device for biomass tar according to claim 1, characterized in that: the irregular stop block (10) is arranged in a jacket (12) of the double-layer heat-resistant steel pipe through welding, and the discharge of dust and tar is prevented through an inertia method.