CN1274739A - Biomass midheat value gasifying system - Google Patents
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- CN1274739A CN1274739A CN 99106816 CN99106816A CN1274739A CN 1274739 A CN1274739 A CN 1274739A CN 99106816 CN99106816 CN 99106816 CN 99106816 A CN99106816 A CN 99106816A CN 1274739 A CN1274739 A CN 1274739A
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Abstract
Biomass material cut into small sections is fed by a hoister to a gasifying furnace and thermolyzed after indirect heating into medium heat output combustible gas, which is further processed through catalytic cracking, reducing CO, treatment in separator and secondary gas cooler, dewatering, removing tar and impurity from it. Of the processed combustible gas, great part is supplied to consumer and small part is burned in burner to supply heat to the gasifying furnace, and exhausted semi-coke from the gasifying oven is returned to field. The present invention has simple structure nad low cost.
Description
The present invention relates to calorific value gasification system in the biology.
Biomass energy can be converted in the technological process of multi-form high-quality energy form various, gasification utilization is a kind of comparatively ripe, more potential technology.Because biomass material has very high-volatile, the reactive behavior of biomass coke is also apparently higher than coal tar, thereby is particularly suitable for gasifying process.It is the inflammable gas-coal gas of main component that gasifying process can be converted into biomass material with hydrogen, carbon monoxide, methane, carbonic acid gas, and this gas can be as the geseous fuel effect in suitable extensive fields.
There is more than 750,000 village in the whole nation at present, more than 600,000,000 ton of stalk, if use this technology 1/3 using of the discarded and rice straw that burns in the whole nation, straw at present, can save nearly about 100,000,000 tons soft stalk, but more than 100 hundred million yuan of save energy resources, but about 1.4 hundred million tons of reducing emission of carbon dioxide, 140 tons of sulfurous gas, 1,000,000 tons of flue dust, and can improve the usefulness energy grade in rural area, improve living environment, have considerable energy saving, environmental protection and social benefit.
According to the research of present various countries to gasifying biomass, low-heat value gas gasification scheme is representative with the air gasification technological line.Gasification is to make the part biological raw material burn heat supply and gasifying medium is provided to blast air.This in general technical matters is simple, and the gas production cost is low, but because airborne nitrogen is sneaked in the coal gas inevitably, caloric power of gas can only be remained at low levels, greatly about 3.5～7.8MJ/Nm
3In the scope.This class technological development gets comparatively ripe, but because it can only produce low-heat value gas, has limited application greatly.The low-heat value gas energy content is low, and combustion flame temperature is low, and it is that the power and the load with the equipment of gas of fuel is restricted with it that these defectives can make various; And low heat value can make the conveying of geseous fuel become very uneconomical.Middle calorific value gasifying process route adopts indirect heating or drum oxygen to burn provides gasification institute heat requirement, the coal gas of calorific value in the production.This technology has been got rid of sneaking into of nitrogen in the coal gas, with and make its calorific value can reach 11～20MJ/Nm
3There is not the variety of issue that is run in those low-heat value gas application in this coal gas, thereby has quite wide application prospect.It is complicated that certain this technology is wanted technically.
For replenishing energy deficiency and improving environment is reason, and developing country and developed country have all carried out the Study on Biomass Energy Utilization Technologies and the application of all multipaths, and particularly exploitation has dropped into a large amount of research efforts especially to biomass gasification technology.Agree to have Sweden, the U.S., Italy, Germany of top standard's country etc. in this field.From early eighties, be that the west industrially developed country of representative has just launched large-scale research work in this respect with the U.S..The BTC (Biomass ThermochemicalConversion) that subsidizes in USDOE has proposed the engineering proposal of many gasifying biomass, and has carried out extensive studies with regard to their reliability, economy in the works.And four kinds of more outstanding middle calorific values gasification schemes such as the pressure fluidized-bed gasification furnace of the fluidized-bed gasification furnace of circulating fluidized bed double bed solid thermal carriers vapourizing furnace, inner heat exchanger heat supply, drum oxygen and downdraft drum oxygen fixed-bed gasification furnace have been set up respectively day handled the large-scale experiment industry demonstration project of material quantity in 9～20 tons of scopes.These technical schemes have all experienced the test that works long hours, and function situation is good.The U.S. developed the biomass integrated gasification stove one gas turbine generating system suite of equipment that adopts circulating fluidized bed technique in recent years energetically, had realized efficient, the clean utilization of biomass.Recently, a pressurized gasification system is just being built in U.S.'s coal gas technology meeting (IGT) in Hawaii, checking sugarcane gasification technology.
Sweden's industry is flourishing, and the forest reserves are abundant, and the conventional energy resources natural resources shortage so pay much attention to the development and use of biomass energy, encourages to adopt advanced gasification technology, carries out gasifying electricity generation and heat supply etc. to make full use of agroforestry resistates and municipal wastes etc. as raw material.This state scientific research institution has been devoted to circulating fluid bed type vapourizing furnace and the research of pressurized gasification power generation system at present, Bilflwo co-partnership company (comprising Finland, the Ahlstrom of biomass gasifying furnace manufactory) and Sydkrart company (the second largest Utilities Electric Co. of Sweden), build up 6MW gasifying biomass-GTCC district heating thermoelectric power station at Sweden Varnamo at the beginning of 1993, employing be the biomass gasifying furnace of Finland forestry company's T ampella company development.In addition, Canada has put the biological gasification furnace product of some models on market, is fuel with sawmilling, wood chip, paper pulp, shell and grain processing tankage.Produce coal gas, drive the oil engine generating, can reduce generating, can reduce by 50% cost of electricity-generating.
In recent years, developing country is low owing to forest coverage, and biomass are inefficient utilizes waste serious, also begins to pay attention to utilizing the research and extension work of agricultural processing waste utilization gradually.Build up the downdraft vapourizing furnace as Bangladesh and put into operation, India abounds with paddy, just is being devoted to the gasification technology exploitation of rice husk, and Malaysia is with the fixed bed gasification generating, and Thailand is just carrying out and utilizes the fluidized bed combustion research of rice husk for fuel.
Since the eighties, how tame colleges and universities in the whole nation and scientific research institution are obtaining a series of important achievement aspect development biomass gasification technology and the device in succession.Downdraft DN series of biologic matter vapourizing furnace as the exploitation of Chinese agricultural machinery institute is applied to dry tealeaves, timber, feed and heat supply, heating etc., the early 1990s, again according to the market requirement, develops useful small evaporator stove.The Guangzhou energy has been developed the updraft type vapourizing furnace, and gasification principle, material reaction performance etc. has been done a large amount of tests, again the updraft type vapourizing furnace is improved, and is used for boiler heat supplying.Relevant manufacturer production such as Sichuan, Jiangsu a collection of rice husk vapourizing furnace, utilize the rice husk of rice mill to gasify, drive generator for electricity generation, accomplish that resource reclaims, turns waste into wealth.In addition, the Shandong energy is developed the fixed-bed gasification furnace that uses agricultural crop straw (based on cornstalk), and through the pyrolysis aerogenesis, successfully the villager to more than 50 pilot villages serves piped gas.Above-mentioned several form vapourizing furnace all utilizes air gasification to produce 5MJ/Nm
3Left and right sides fuel gas with low heat value.In order to improve calorific value, Guangzhou energy institute, smelting institute of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian academy of sciences, Zhejiang University etc. have all carried out the ciculation fluidized bed gasification technology research that utilizes biomass energy (based on rice husk) during " eight or five ", adopt pure oxygen or double-fluidized-bed gasification to produce medium calorific value gas, finish the laboratory study stage.But the report that utilizes the rice straw gasification is not also arranged at present.Zhejiang University just is devoted to biomass gasification technology research as far back as beginning in 1988, at the central gas supply system that gasifies of calorific value in the actual kind biomass that proposed suitable different user needs of Chinese countryside, to burn and the gasification combination, produce medium calorific value gas and steam, make that solid and gaseous constituent are rationally utilized the fuel availability height in the fuel.And rice husk rice straw etc. carried out a large amount of basic researchs.
In sum, compare with the developed country biomass gasification technology, China is backward relatively in this respect at present, still rest on a few demonstration unit at present at gasifying biomass aspect the practical application especially, and mainly be on a small scale, the fixed bed type, problems such as it is low to exist fuel gases calorific value, and fuel availability is low, and gas-purification is not thorough, in addition, up to the present, the existing Demonstration Application of China is all at sorghum rod, hard straws such as wood chip are to straw, the application of soft straw such as straw is still blank, main high basic metal easily causes conglomeration in the gasification, and combustion process because contain very in the rice straw, influences system's operation.
The purpose of this invention is to provide calorific value gasification system in a kind of biomass.
The present invention takes following measures in order to achieve the above object:
Calorific value gasification system in a kind of biomass, be characterised in that the biomass material that is cut into segment sends into vapourizing furnace by lift, calorific value inflammable gas in passing through the dividing wall type heating and the pyrolytic gasification reaction conversions becoming, after falling the CO system by catalytic pyrolysis, through separator and secondary combustible gas water cooler, dehydration and remove residue tar and the impurity that contains in the combustion gas, tar enters the tar settling pool, the inflammable gas that produces is most of for the user, a small amount of combustible gas is given the vapourizing furnace heat supply through burner and combustion chambers burn, and the semicoke that vapourizing furnace is discharged is the field also.
Calorific value gasification system in the another kind of biomass, be characterised in that the biomass material that is cut into segment sends into vapourizing furnace by lift, calorific value inflammable gas in passing through the partition heating and the pyrolytic gasification reaction conversions becoming, after falling the CO system by catalytic pyrolysis, through separator and secondary combustible gas water cooler, dehydration and remove residue tar and the impurity that contains in the combustion gas, tar enters the tar settling pool, the inflammable gas that produces is most of for the user, the semicoke that vapourizing furnace is discharged is the field also, and a small amount of semicoke advances combustion chambers burn and gives the vapourizing furnace heat supply.
Advantage of the present invention:
6. system of calorific value institute can utilize simple technology to realize need gasifying than the middle calorific value that complex technology could be realized usually in these biomass, have simple in structure, cost is low, be easy to maintenance, running cost is low.
2. can utilize soft tangerine bar such as rice bar to make gasified raw material, adopt control operating parameter etc. to solve straw conglomeration problem, this all is precedent at home in the world.
3. adopt cracking catalytic conversion technique in the tar stove, make the tar major part be converted into coal gas, can reduce coal-tar middle oil content of coal gas and CO content greatly; CO content＜20% in the combustion gas wherein, tar content＜50mg/m
3
4. Xian Jin efficient scroll dividing wall type heating system, starting velocity is fast, and aerogenesis is stable, the fuel gases calorific value height.
5. can adopt electricity igniting and self-emptying automatically, realize automated system operation, easy to operate, simple.
6. biomass material is converted into medium calorific value gas and infertile field coke, a stove fecund, the utilization ratio of fuel＞80%.
Elaborate below in conjunction with accompanying drawing:
Fig. 1 is a calorific value gasification central gas supply system conceptual scheme in the I type biomass;
Fig. 2 is a calorific value gasification central gas supply system conceptual scheme in the II type biomass;
Fig. 3 is a calorific value gasification furnace structure synoptic diagram in the biomass;
Fig. 4 is a calorific value gasification furnace structure sectional view in the biomass.
Calorific value gasification system in a kind of biomass, be characterised in that the biomass material that is cut into segment sends into vapourizing furnace [10] by lift [9], calorific value inflammable gas in passing through the dividing wall type heating and the pyrolytic gasification reaction conversions becoming, after falling CO system [8] by catalytic pyrolysis, through separator [7] and secondary combustible gas water cooler [5], dehydration and remove residue tar and the impurity that contains in the combustion gas, tar enters tar settling pool [6], the inflammable gas major part that produces pumps into gas-holder [1] for the user by the gas pump of setting up coal gas circulation loop [3] [4] through water seal [2], a small amount of combustible gas is given the vapourizing furnace heat supply through burner [12] and combustion chamber [11] burning, its flue gas is through air preheater [13], washing water tank [14], induced draft fan [15] is effluxed by chimney [16], and the semicoke that vapourizing furnace is discharged is the field also.
Calorific value gasification system in the another kind of biomass, be characterised in that the biomass material that is cut into segment sends into vapourizing furnace [10] by lift [9], calorific value inflammable gas in passing through the partition heating and the pyrolytic gasification reaction conversions becoming, after falling CO system [8] by catalytic pyrolysis, through separator [7] and secondary combustible gas water cooler [5], dehydration and remove residue tar and the impurity that contains in the combustion gas, tar enters tar settling pool [6], the most of inflammable gas of the inflammable gas that produces pumps into gas-holder [1] for the user by the gas pump of setting up coal gas circulation loop [3] [4] through water seal [2], the semicoke that vapourizing furnace is discharged is the field also, a small amount of semicoke advances combustion chambers burn and gives the vapourizing furnace heat supply, its flue gas is through air preheater [13], washing water tank [14], induced draft fan [15] is effluxed by chimney [16].
Above-mentioned vapourizing furnace has the vapourizing furnace body section that is built into by refractory, hollow brick [20], its inner hollow, the centre is provided with stirring rod [25], vapourizing furnace body section upper end is provided with former hopper [26], former hopper is provided with opening for feed [17] and combustible gas outlet [18], vapourizing furnace body section lower end is provided with drawing mechanism [23] and semicoke case [22], semicoke or combustible gas make progress through hot gas approach [21] and refractory, hollow brick [20] intermediary flue gas flow channel at the hot flue gas that combustion chambers burn produces, and are discharged by exhanst gas outlet [19] at last.Biomass material carries out the dividing wall type heat exchange by furnace wall and hot flue gas, and calorific value inflammable gas in the pyrolytic gasification reaction conversions one-tenth takes place.
Claims (4)
1. calorific value gasification system in the biomass, it is characterized in that the biomass material that is cut into segment sends into vapourizing furnace [10] by lift [9], calorific value inflammable gas in passing through the dividing wall type heating and the pyrolytic gasification reaction conversions becoming, after falling CO system [8] by catalytic pyrolysis, through separator [7] and secondary combustible gas water cooler [5], dehydration and remove residue tar and the impurity that contains in the combustion gas, tar enters tar settling pool [6], the inflammable gas that produces is most of for the user, a small amount of combustible gas is given the vapourizing furnace heat supply through burner [12] and combustion chamber [11] burning, and the semicoke that vapourizing furnace is discharged is the field also.
2. calorific value gasification system in a kind of biomass according to claim 1, it is characterized in that said vapourizing furnace has the vapourizing furnace body section that is built into by refractory, hollow brick [20], its inner hollow, the centre is provided with stirring rod [25], vapourizing furnace body section upper end is provided with former hopper [26], former hopper is provided with opening for feed [17] and combustible gas outlet [18], vapourizing furnace body section lower end is provided with drawing mechanism [23] and semicoke case [22], semicoke or combustible gas make progress through hot gas approach [21] and refractory, hollow brick [20] intermediary flue gas flow channel at the hot flue gas that combustion chambers burn produces, and are discharged by exhanst gas outlet [19] at last.Biomass material carries out the dividing wall type heat exchange by furnace wall and hot flue gas, and calorific value inflammable gas in the pyrolytic gasification reaction conversions one-tenth takes place.
3. calorific value gasification system in the biomass, it is characterized in that the biomass material that is cut into segment sends into vapourizing furnace [10] by lift [9], calorific value inflammable gas in passing through the partition heating and the pyrolytic gasification reaction conversions becoming, after falling CO system [8] by catalytic pyrolysis, through separator [7] and secondary combustible gas water cooler [5], dehydration and remove residue tar and the impurity that contains in the combustion gas, tar enters tar settling pool [6], the inflammable gas that produces is most of for the user, the semicoke that vapourizing furnace is discharged is the field also, and a small amount of semicoke advances combustion chambers burn and gives the vapourizing furnace heat supply.
4. calorific value gasification system in a kind of biomass according to claim 3, it is characterized in that said vapourizing furnace has the vapourizing furnace body section that is built into by refractory, hollow brick [20], its inner hollow, the centre is provided with stirring rod [25], vapourizing furnace body section upper end is provided with former hopper [26], former hopper is provided with opening for feed [17] and combustible gas outlet [18], vapourizing furnace body section lower end is provided with drawing mechanism [23] and semicoke case [22], semicoke or combustible gas make progress through hot gas approach [21] and refractory, hollow brick [20] intermediary flue gas flow channel at the hot flue gas that combustion chambers burn produces, and are discharged by exhanst gas outlet [19] at last.Biomass material carries out the dividing wall type heat exchange by furnace wall and hot flue gas, and calorific value inflammable gas in the pyrolytic gasification reaction conversions one-tenth takes place.
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| CN99106816A CN1102632C (en) | 1999-05-25 | 1999-05-25 | biomass midheat value gasifying system |
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| CN99106816A CN1102632C (en) | 1999-05-25 | 1999-05-25 | biomass midheat value gasifying system |
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| CN1102632C CN1102632C (en) | 2003-03-05 |
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Cited By (8)
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| CN101993700A (en) * | 2009-08-19 | 2011-03-30 | 安德里兹技术资产管理有限公司 | Method and system for the torrefaction of lignocellulosic material |
| CN102226531A (en) * | 2011-05-17 | 2011-10-26 | 苏州辰昌新能源技术有限公司 | Purification and burn integral device for thermal gas from biomass carbonization furnace |
| CN101407722B (en) * | 2008-10-10 | 2011-11-09 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Biomass high temperature pyrolysis and gasification and high temperature pyrolysis gas catalytic purification process |
| CN102936507A (en) * | 2012-11-05 | 2013-02-20 | 北京华电光大新能源环保技术有限公司 | Poly-generation device and method for biomass pyrolysis |
| CN104232170A (en) * | 2014-09-05 | 2014-12-24 | 黄熙瑜 | Comprehensive utilization method of biomass energy |
| CN104388122A (en) * | 2014-12-18 | 2015-03-04 | 广东绿壳新能源有限公司 | Multi-coproduction biomass gasification method and device thereof |
| CN107726336A (en) * | 2017-11-16 | 2018-02-23 | 华清绿景（北京）生态环境损害评估鉴定技术研究中心 | A kind of combustion gas rotary furnace biological organic matter annealing device |
| CN113817506A (en) * | 2021-10-08 | 2021-12-21 | 中国船舶工业集团公司第七0八研究所 | Ship biomass gasification, refrigeration and power generation system utilizing waste heat |
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| CN100434801C (en) * | 2006-09-22 | 2008-11-19 | 广州广重企业集团有限公司 | Stalks boiler fuel treating method and equipment |
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| CN2252813Y (en) * | 1996-05-16 | 1997-04-23 | 中国科学院化工冶金研究所 | Carrier circulating biological pyrolysis gasifying unit |
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1999
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Cited By (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101407722B (en) * | 2008-10-10 | 2011-11-09 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Biomass high temperature pyrolysis and gasification and high temperature pyrolysis gas catalytic purification process |
| CN101993700A (en) * | 2009-08-19 | 2011-03-30 | 安德里兹技术资产管理有限公司 | Method and system for the torrefaction of lignocellulosic material |
| CN101993700B (en) * | 2009-08-19 | 2013-12-18 | 安德里兹技术资产管理有限公司 | Method and system for torrefaction of lignocellulosic material |
| CN102226531A (en) * | 2011-05-17 | 2011-10-26 | 苏州辰昌新能源技术有限公司 | Purification and burn integral device for thermal gas from biomass carbonization furnace |
| CN102936507A (en) * | 2012-11-05 | 2013-02-20 | 北京华电光大新能源环保技术有限公司 | Poly-generation device and method for biomass pyrolysis |
| CN104232170A (en) * | 2014-09-05 | 2014-12-24 | 黄熙瑜 | Comprehensive utilization method of biomass energy |
| CN104388122A (en) * | 2014-12-18 | 2015-03-04 | 广东绿壳新能源有限公司 | Multi-coproduction biomass gasification method and device thereof |
| CN104388122B (en) * | 2014-12-18 | 2017-01-18 | 广东绿壳新能源有限公司 | Multi-coproduction biomass gasification method and device thereof |
| CN107726336A (en) * | 2017-11-16 | 2018-02-23 | 华清绿景（北京）生态环境损害评估鉴定技术研究中心 | A kind of combustion gas rotary furnace biological organic matter annealing device |
| CN113817506A (en) * | 2021-10-08 | 2021-12-21 | 中国船舶工业集团公司第七0八研究所 | Ship biomass gasification, refrigeration and power generation system utilizing waste heat |
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