JP2003342092A - Compost leach, method for producing the same, and plant growth promoting material - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a compost leach suited for growing plants, especially, organically grown plants, to provide a method for producing the same, and to provide a plant growth promoting material containing the same. <P>SOLUTION: A material to be fermented based on wood and food leavings is first composted by biodegradation using fermentative microorganisms based on at least one species of microorganisms belonging to the genus Bacillus. This step is referred to as the primary fermentation step. The compost obtained in the primary fermentation step is subjected to the secondary fermentation step to effect fermentation and aging. The leach which is leached from the compost in the course of the secondary fermentation step is collected in a fermentation container and is aerobically fermented therein to ferment and refine the compost leach. The step of fermenting and refining the compost leach is referred to as the tertiary fermentation step. The fermentation and refining are carried out so that the obtained compost leach may have a pH of 6.0-9.0, an EC concentration of 2-10 dSm<SP>-1</SP>/cm (in terms of 2% water-soluble solids), a C/N ratio of 10-30, and an organic matter ratio of 0.2-0.9. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2004,JPO

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to a compost leachate, a method for producing the same, and a plant growth promoting material containing the compost leachate. More specifically, it relates to plant cultivation, particularly to plants grown by organic cultivation. The present invention relates to a compost leachate suitable for growing, a method for producing the same, and a plant growth promoting material containing the compost leachate.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Recently, various studies have been made on the reuse of sludge such as sewage sludge and human waste sludge, and organic waste discharged from factories, ordinary households and the like. Among them, composting treatment can be mentioned as a particularly promising one in recycling organic waste. The composting treatment is to compost organic waste such as food residues by biodegradation by fermenting microorganisms. In this composting, the aerobic fermentation treatment is widely used from the viewpoint of shortening the treatment time. Further, the compost obtained by the above-mentioned composting treatment has been composted using fermenting microorganisms, and thus has attracted attention as a substitute for a chemical fertilizer suitable for plant cultivation, particularly organic cultivation.

Further, in the above-mentioned composting treatment, various treatment methods have been studied for making the obtained compost high quality suitable for plant cultivation. For example, it has been attempted to adjust the electrical conductivity (EC concentration), salt concentration, etc. of compost by adjusting the fermentation temperature and fermentation period during composting treatment. Further, in addition to the treatment method, wood is added together with food residues as organic waste to perform composting treatment to improve the amount of base substitution (CEC concentration) in compost, and as a fermenting microorganism, bactericidal effect, etc. It is also attempted to use a Bacillus microorganism having an effect of promoting the plant growth of the above.

[0004]

[Patent Document 1] Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 10-276579

[Patent Document 2] Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 05-301791

[0005]

Various studies have been made to improve the quality of compost by studying the method of composting as described above. However, the leachate leached from the compost during the process of composting, that is, so-called compost leachate, has not been effectively used due to its high biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) and odor. Conventionally, in the case of compost leachate, the method of re-injecting into the compost during the process of composting, and the use of a water regulator and an inorganic retention agent into the compost during the process of composting to suppress the generation of compost leachate Things were being done. Thus, compost leachate was generally recognized as a negative product. Therefore, like the compost obtained by the composting process,
It is an important issue to study effective use of compost leachate for plant cultivation.

The present invention has been made in consideration of the above problems. That is, the present invention aims to provide a plant growth promoting material, particularly a compost leachate suitable for growing a plant cultivated in organic cultivation and a method for producing the same, and a plant growth promoting material containing the compost leachate. To do.

[0007]

[Means for Solving the Problems and Actions / Effects] A method for producing a compost leachate according to the present invention for solving the above problems is
Fermented material mainly composed of wood and food residues, a primary fermentation step of composting by biodegradation by fermenting microorganisms, and a compost obtained in the primary fermentation step, a secondary fermentation step of further fermenting and aging, In the secondary fermentation process, a leachate leached from the compost is collected in a fermentation vessel and aerobically fermented, which includes a tertiary fermentation process in which the compost leachate is fermented and purified, and the fermenting microorganisms include Bacillus spp. One or more kinds of microorganisms belonging to the group III are mainly used, and the compost leachate obtained in the third fermentation step has a pH of 6.0.
Or more and 9.0 or less, and the EC concentration is 2 dSm ⁻¹ / cm or more and 10 dSm ⁻¹ / cm or less, the C / N ratio is 10 or more and 30 or less, and the organic matter ratio is 0. It is characterized in that it is adjusted to be 2 or more and 0.9 or less.

In the method for producing a compost leachate according to the present invention, the material to be fermented, which is subjected to a composting treatment by biodegradation using a fermenting microorganism, mainly contains wood as well as food residues. Thus, by using wood as a material constituting the main raw material of the material to be fermented, compost composted in the primary fermentation process, and compost fermented and aged in the secondary fermentation process,
Furthermore, the compost leachate that is fermented and refined in the third fermentation process,
The content of polyphenol, which is a decomposition product of lignin derived from wood, can be high. As a result, the amount of base substitution (CEC concentration) can be made high, and the antibacterial action can be enhanced.

The fermented material subjected to the above-mentioned composting treatment is an organic waste discharged from factories, general households and the like. The organic waste includes livestock waste, agricultural waste, marine waste, food processing waste, beverage industry waste, forestry / sawmill /
It consists of papermaking waste, cafeteria residue, and raw garbage discharged from ordinary households. Such organic waste mainly consists of food residues and wood, and the rest is sludge, livestock manure, and the like. The term "food residue" as used herein refers to any animal or plant property such as leftover food, cooking residue, animal bones, meat residues, chaff, vegetable scraps, fish bones, fish roe, okara, confectionery scraps, potato scraps, and beer residue. , Waste associated with food and drink. In that sense
Food residues also include food products discarded from supermarkets, convenience stores and the like.

As described above, the material to be fermented is mainly composed of wood and food residues, and the rest is composed of sludge and feces. A compost leachate is produced by fermenting a material to be fermented from such a raw material in each of the primary fermentation step, secondary fermentation step and tertiary fermentation step using biodegradation by a fermenting microorganism. The fermenting microorganisms that mainly promote fermentation in these fermentation steps are one or more microorganisms belonging to the genus Bacillus. Further, the one or more kinds of microorganisms belonging to the genus Bacillus are not limited to those that are harmful to animals and plants, such as carbon bacterium, and are not limited as long as they can promote fermentation. The advantage of using a microorganism of the genus Bacillus is, in particular, that fermentation can be promoted more. Moreover, since the microorganism of the genus Bacillus has a strong resistance, it is possible to sufficiently maintain the fermentative decomposition power even in the tertiary fermentation step of fermenting and refining the compost leachate. The microorganism of the genus Bacillus used here may be one that has been cultured in a solid medium or a liquid medium, or one that has been cultured using a food residue, livestock manure, or the like as a base material, and further derived from sludge or livestock manure, etc. You can do it. Therefore, the organic waste having Bacillus microorganisms may be one of the constituent raw materials of the fermented material, or in a form that does not belong to the fermented material, let the fermented material have Bacillus microorganisms. You may perform a primary fermentation process.

As described above, the material to be fermented is mainly composed of wood and food residues, and the rest is constituted by sludge, livestock manure and the like. The fermented material made of such a raw material is subjected to fermentation treatment in a primary fermentation step, a secondary fermentation step, and a tertiary fermentation step, respectively, using biodegradation by one or more fermenting microorganisms belonging to the genus Bacillus.

Mainly using one or more fermenting microorganisms belonging to the genus Bacillus, the material to be fermented is composted in the primary fermentation process, and the compost obtained by the composting is used in the secondary fermentation process. It is fermented and aged to collect the leachate leached from the compost in the process in the fermentation container. And
The compost leachate of the present invention is produced by subjecting the leachate collected in the fermentation container to fermentation and purification in the third fermentation step. In these fermentation processes, the tertiary fermentation process of fermenting and refining the leachate requires aeration and stirring, and more preferably aerobic fermentation by aeration and stirring. The leachate leached from the compost in the secondary fermentation process is ammonia, lower fatty acids,
Nitride-containing substances such as amines, sulfides, and skatole,
It contains a large amount of lignin and tannin derived from wood, and its odor is extremely harmful. Therefore, it is necessary to ferment it faster. Therefore, by fermenting the leachate by aerobic fermentation, the fermentation rate can be increased as compared with anaerobic fermentation. Further, by using a microorganism belonging to the genus Bacillus as the fermenting microorganism, the compost leachate to be fermented and purified can be made harmless without odor. Furthermore, components harmful to the growth of plants such as lignin and tannin derived from wood are also decomposed into components such as polyphenols which are extremely effective for the growth of plants by fermentation.

As described above, the leachate leached from the compost in the secondary fermentation step needs to be fermented faster.
Therefore, the compost leachate can be fermented more quickly by adding fermenting microorganisms to the leachate again. In addition, the leachate leached from the compost in the secondary fermentation process is collected in a container different from the fermentation container for fermentation and purification, and the fermented microorganisms are trained in the leachate of the container, and the tertiary fermentation process It is also possible to ferment the leachate even faster by adding it to the leachate in the fermentation vessel to be fermented and refined in.

The compost leachate produced as described above can be made harmless from what has been conventionally regarded as harmful, and can be effectively used for plant cultivation and the like. Therefore, in order to obtain a compost leachate suitable for plant cultivation in this manner, the fermentation period of the tertiary fermentation step is appropriately adjusted so that its pH, EC concentration, C / N ratio, and organic matter ratio fall within the above-mentioned numerical ranges. do it. An explanation of the numerical range provided for each is given below.

The pH serves as an index showing the progress of fermentation, and the pH decreases with the progress of the fermentation. If the pH is higher than 9.0, fermentation is insufficient, the concentration of ammonia is high, and the smell of ammonia is strong. When applied to plants in such a state, pests are easily approached due to an ammonia odor, and, for example, when sprayed on leaves, there is a problem that the leaves are damaged. On the other hand, when the pH is less than 6.0, nitric acid-based nitrous acid is generated and the acidity becomes strong. If it is applied to plants or soil in such a state, it leads to poor growth of plants or poor soil, and there is a problem that fermenting microorganisms themselves do not function. Therefore, the pH is 6.0 or more and 9.0.
The following is desirable. Particularly, it is preferable to set it to 6.0 or more and 8.5 or less.

Next, regarding the EC concentration, 10 dSm ^-1
When it is larger than / cm, fermentation is insufficient, and many ammonium ions and lignin, tannin and the like derived from wood which are harmful components to plants are present as undecomposed ions. When applied to plants in this state, there arises a problem that the growth of the plants is deteriorated. On the other hand, EC
When the concentration is less than 2 dSm ⁻¹ / cm, mineralization proceeds, and components effective for soil such as nitrogen components decrease. Therefore, the EC concentration is 2 dSm ⁻¹ / cm or more 10
It is desirable to set it to dSm ⁻¹ / cm or less. in particular,
It is preferable to use a 2 DSM ^-1 / cm or more ^9dSm -1 / cm or less. Note that the EC concentration here is the case where the water content is other than water-soluble solids such as ammonia ions, nitrate ions, potassium ions, sodium chloride, sugars, amino acids, decomposition products of polyphenols derived from wood, and amino acids present in the compost leachate. Is the value in terms of 2% of the water-soluble solid content obtained by converting the content weight ratio of the water-soluble solid content into 2%.

Next, regarding the C / N ratio, when it is more than 30, fermentation is insufficient and the nitrogen component is small,
When applied to soil or plant leaves, nitrogen starvation is likely to occur. On the other hand, when the C / N ratio is less than 10, the components useful for soil and plants such as polyphenol derived from wood are reduced, and the effect is suppressed. Therefore, C /
The N ratio is preferably 10 or more and 30 or less. Particularly, it is desirable to set it to 10 or more and 21 or less.

Finally, regarding the organic matter ratio, this organic matter ratio is the water content of ammonia ions, nitrate ions, potassium ions, sodium chloride, sugars, amino acids, decomposed products such as polyphenols derived from wood, and amino acids present in the compost leachate. The ratio (weight ratio) of organic matter to the total amount of organic solids is 0
It is defined in the range from 1 to 1. Therefore, although the organic matter ratio is 0.9 or more, fermentation is insufficient, while, when it is 0.2 or less, components such as polyphenols that are beneficial to soil and plants are reduced, and the effect is suppressed. Will be done. Therefore, the organic matter ratio is preferably 0.2 or more and 0.9 or less. In particular, it is preferable to set it to 0.2 or more and 0.75 or less.

As described above, in each of the fermentation steps of the present invention, the fermenting microorganisms that promote fermentation predominantly are one or more microorganisms belonging to the genus Bacillus. As the microorganism belonging to the genus Bacillus, it is particularly preferable to use one or more of Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus thuringiensis, and Bacillus acidocaldarius. Among these, Bacillus subtilis has a particularly high fermentative decomposition power that promotes fermentation. Therefore, it is particularly preferable to mainly use one type of Bacillus subtilis or two or more types belonging to the genus Bacillus containing at least Bacillus subtilis as the fermenting microorganism. Also, as a fermenting microorganism,
Bacillus thuringiensis is generally known to have a pest repellent effect when mainly using two species, Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus thuringiensis, and the obtained compost leachate is more suitable for plant cultivation and the like. It can be

Next, as a fermenting microorganism mainly composed of a microorganism belonging to the genus Bacillus, one derived from activated sludge is particularly preferable. Activated sludge is obtained by fermenting sewage, night soil, etc. by aeration. Such a microorganism belonging to the genus Bacillus derived from activated sludge is particularly excellent in fermentation decomposition power and also has a strong antagonistic power against pathogenic bacteria. Therefore, it is desirable to mainly use a microorganism belonging to the genus Bacillus derived from activated sludge as the fermenting microorganism.

It is desirable to adjust the fermentation period for fermenting and refining the compost leachate so that the microbial concentration of the fermented microorganisms in the compost leachate described above becomes 10 ⁴ cells / ml or more. This is because if the concentration of the microorganisms is less than 10 ⁴ cells / ml, the antagonistic force against pathogenic bacteria will not work sufficiently. Here, the upper limit of the concentration of microorganisms is not particularly limited, but usually there is an upper limit of the concentration of microorganisms that is allowed because the microorganisms compete with each other when the number of microorganisms becomes too large. In sporulating bacteria such as microorganisms belonging to the genus Bacillus, the upper limit is generally 10 ¹¹
Individual / ml. Therefore, fermenting microorganism concentration in compost leachate are desirably adjusted to be 10 ⁴ cells / ml or more ^{10 1 1} / ml or less. Furthermore, during spring and summer, when the occurrence of harmful pathogens increases,
Fermentation microorganism concentration of 10 ⁴ cells / ml or more 10 ¹¹ cells / m
It is desirable to adjust so as to increase even in the range of 1 or less.

Next, wood, which is one of the main raw materials of the fermented material, is made of organic waste such as bamboo, bamboo grass, wood chips,
At least one of bark and tree pruning waste. The wood used is not particularly limited, but such bamboo, bamboo grass, wood chips, bark, and tree pruning waste are of a suitable size and thickness that are easily fermented,
It's desirable. Furthermore, it can be said that the wood is preferably one or more of wood chips, bark and tree pruning debris, which are easier to shred. In particular, wood chips, bark, derived from softwood with a high content of lignin and tannin, which are fermented and decomposed into polyphenols,
Pruning debris and the like are suitable. In addition, in the fermentation process in the primary fermentation process and the secondary fermentation process, water is added and the amount of water is appropriately adjusted. At that time, the volume of water is 30 to 7 relative to the volume of the material to be fermented.
When it is in the range of 0%, the fermentation normally proceeds without any trouble.
If you deviate from this numerical range for the fermented material of water,
Fermentation will be suppressed. Of course, water is added to adjust the water content one by one, but the wood can serve as the water content adjustment. By setting the volume ratio of wood to the material to be fermented to 30 to 80%,
It can be easily maintained in the range of 30 to 70% with respect to the volume of the material to be fermented, and more preferably, the volume ratio of wood to the material to be fermented is preferably 40 to 70%.

Next, the food residue which is one of the main raw materials of the material to be fermented is not particularly limited as long as it is not accompanied by a component such as vinyl for packaging, which inhibits fermentation, and it is various. The animal and vegetable food residues of are applicable to the present invention. As a result, it is possible to appropriately adjust the volume ratio of the food residue, which is the main raw material of the material to be fermented, and the wood, to each main raw material.

The compost leachate of the present invention is finally fermented and purified in the tertiary fermentation step. Therefore, the fermentation period in the tertiary fermentation step is appropriately adjusted so that the compost leachate can be effectively used for plant cultivation and the like. Therefore, the respective fermentation periods in the primary fermentation process and the secondary fermentation process are not particularly limited as long as they are approximately the same as those performed in the usual composting process. However, by performing the primary fermentation step, particularly the primary fermentation step and the secondary fermentation step by aerobic fermentation, each fermentation can be efficiently performed. Therefore, as a guideline, the fermentation period of the primary fermentation step in the case of aerobic fermentation is sufficient if it is carried out for one day or more, during which ventilation or cutting back is performed as necessary. The higher the upper limit of the period, the more the fermentation can proceed, but in consideration of work efficiency, it is set to 10 days. As described above, the fermentation period of the primary fermentation step is preferably set to 1 day or more and 10 days or less. Next, in the secondary fermentation step in the case of aerobic fermentation, the compost obtained in the primary fermentation step is deposited and watered at a place for aging, and the fermentation step is performed. Therefore, during the fermentation period, it is sufficient if the fermentation period is 2 months or more, and during that period, cutting is performed as necessary. The higher the upper limit of the period, the more the fermentation can proceed, but considering work efficiency, it is set to 6 months. As described above, the fermentation period of the secondary fermentation step is preferably set to 2 months or more and 6 months or less.

In the primary fermentation step, first, the fermented material which is aerated and agitated in a commonly used composting device is accumulated or is ventilated in another composting device as necessary. It may be carried out in two steps of turning back and fermenting. in this case,
The period including the two stages is the fermentation period of the primary fermentation process.
In addition, the secondary fermentation step is also the same, and the fermentation may be carried out in a composting device while stirring, and the fermentation process may be carried out in two steps of accumulating and switching as needed. Also in this case, the period including the two stages is the fermentation period of the secondary fermentation process. Furthermore, the timing of collecting the leachate leached from the compost in the secondary fermentation step is not particularly limited. That is, even if the leachate leached from the compost in the initial stage of the secondary fermentation process is collected, it does not cause any other problem. However, as a matter of course, the compost having a fermentation period of less than 2 months in the secondary fermentation step has an immature degree, and therefore the leachate leached from the compost is used as a compost leachate in the tertiary fermentation step. It will be necessary to take a longer period of fermentation and purification. In the third fermentation step, since it is necessary to forcibly aerate and agitate the collected leachate, from the viewpoint of this work efficiency, especially, the fermentation period in the second fermentation step has passed 2 months or more. It is desirable to collect the leachate leached from the compost.

So far, the constituent requirements for effectively utilizing the compost leachate in plant cultivation and the like in the method for producing a compost leachate of the present invention have been described. As described above, the compost leachate produced by the production method of the present invention can be applied to soil, plants and fertilizers required for cultivation such as plant cultivation.

First, the case where the compost leachate produced by the production method of the present invention is applied to soil will be described. Spray the manure leachate or a diluted one on the soil,
Alternatively, when applied to soil as irrigation, it is possible to make soil suitable for growing plants by the decomposition products of polyphenols derived from wood, microorganisms belonging to the genus Bacillus, etc. contained in the compost leachate. . Thus, the compost leachate of the present invention can be used as a soil conditioner for soil.

Next, the case where the compost leachate of the present invention is applied to plants or their seeds will be described. Applying the compost exudate or a diluted product thereof to plant leaves, stems, roots and seeds thereof, or plant leaves, stems,
When sprayed on roots, decomposed products such as polyphenols derived from wood, microorganisms belonging to the genus Bacillus,
It is possible to give an effect of repelling or controlling pests and an antagonistic effect against pathogenic bacteria, and thus it is possible to promote the growth of plants. Thus, the compost leachate of the present invention can be used as a plant promoter for plants.

Thus, by applying the compost leachate produced by the production method of the present invention to soil or plants,
It can be useful for cultivation such as plant cultivation. Further, for the same reason, by mixing the compost leachate produced by the production method of the present invention with a plant growth promoting material such as fertilizer, it is possible to make the plant growth promoting material useful for cultivation such as plant cultivation. it can. In addition, the plant in this specification also includes crops such as grains as a concept.

[0030]

BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION The production method of the present invention will be shown below by urging the production method.
It is an example, and the present invention is not limited thereto. Figure 1
FIG. 1 shows a schematic configuration diagram of a manufacturing process of the method for manufacturing a compost leachate of the present invention. First, an organic waste to be fermented material is mixed to obtain a fermented material. Here, the material to be fermented is mainly composed of food residues and wood. Primary fermentation is carried out in which the material to be fermented is deposited or put into a commonly used composting device to add water, and composting is performed while ventilation or cutting is performed as necessary.
This corresponds to the primary fermentation process. Moreover, when it is necessary to ferment a large amount of fermentable material, it is necessary to mix organic wastes to be fermented material with a mixer. Therefore, the organic waste, which is a material to be fermented, may be put into a commonly used composting device and fermented while being aerated and stirred. In this way, the thing using only the composting device may be used as the primary fermentation step, or the fermentation in the composting device is set as one stage, and then the taken out product is deposited or fermented in another composting device. The two stages may be the primary fermentation process. Also,
The volume ratio of the wood, which is one main raw material of the fermentable material, in the fermentable material is appropriately adjusted before mixing the fermentable materials.

In the primary fermentation process, the secondary fermentation process and the tertiary fermentation process described below, the fermenting microorganisms that promote fermentation mainly are one or more microorganisms belonging to the genus Bacillus. Such fermenting microorganisms may be derived from sludge, livestock manure, etc., which are organic wastes, or may be separately cultured or derived from activated sludge. In addition, the organic waste having such a fermenting microorganism may be one of the materials to be fermented, or the primary fermentation step may be performed separately in a form of being added to the material to be fermented.

The compost composted in the primary fermentation step is then deposited in a deposition location for fermentation and ripening to add water, and secondary fermentation is carried out by performing fermentation ripening while cutting back if necessary. This corresponds to the secondary fermentation process. The primary fermentation process and the secondary fermentation process up to this point can be carried out in the same manner as the usual composting process. Therefore, the fermentation period in each step does not need to be particularly careful as long as it is similar to that usually performed, but in the primary fermentation step, at least one day or more under aerobic fermentation conditions, the secondary fermentation step is , At least 2 under aerobic fermentation conditions
You can do it for more than a month. Further, the fermentation period depends on the volume ratio of the wood in the material to be fermented and climatic conditions such as air temperature, but the fermentation period can promote fermentation in each fermentation process without any problem if it is the above fermentation period.

In the secondary fermentation step, the leachate is leached from the compost in the process. This leachate is collected in a fermentation vessel. Also, by preparing multiple fermentation vessels,
The amount of leachate collected can be increased. The fermentation container here is not particularly limited as long as it does not leak, but a tank-shaped container capable of ensuring a capacity is preferable. In addition, if this leachate flows into the external environment as it is, it will lead to environmental deterioration. Therefore, the leachate should be collected in the fermentation vessel through a specially provided groove from the place where the compost was deposited in the secondary fermentation step. A compost leachate is obtained by fermenting and refining the leachate thus collected while aerating and stirring. This corresponds to the third fermentation process. Also,
When fermenting and purifying the leachate collected in the fermentation container, a new leachate may be collected in the same fermentation container, but this leads to a reduction in the progress of fermentation in the fermentation and purification. Therefore, when the leachate is newly collected in the same collection container, it is desirable to open it for a certain period of time, for example, about 5 days to collect the leachate.

The fermentation period for fermentation and purification in the tertiary fermentation step is appropriately adjusted so that the compost leachate to be fermented and purified can be effectively used for cultivation such as plant cultivation and organic cultivation. The pH, the EC concentration, the C / N ratio, and the organic matter ratio of the compost leachate can be mentioned as the criteria. Since these values are correlated with each other to some extent, for example, one of them may be measured, and if it is within the allowable range, the tertiary fermentation step may be terminated at that point. In this way, the compost leachate fermented and purified in the third fermentation step can be made useful for cultivation such as plant cultivation and organic cultivation.

A soil suitable for cultivation such as plant cultivation and organic cultivation is sprayed on the soil with the compost leachate of the present invention produced by the above-mentioned steps or diluted and is used as irrigation. Can be Also,
By spraying on plants or grains, it is possible to enhance the control power against harmful insects and the antagonistic power against pathogenic bacteria, which in turn can promote their growth. Also, the same effect can be expected by applying it to seeds such as plants and grains in advance. In addition to such application, by mixing with a plant growth promoting material such as fertilizer, it is possible to make a plant growth promoting material suitable for cultivation such as plant cultivation.

Examples carried out to confirm the effects of the present invention will be shown below.

(Example) A compost leachate was produced according to the above-mentioned production method. The food residues discharged from the food factory and the food distribution facility and the wood chips discharged from the sawmill facility were used as the fermented materials, and the volume ratio of the wood chips to the fermented materials was 70%. In addition, the fermenting microorganisms are derived from activated sludge, and the activated sludge is added to the material to be fermented, and further, water is added so that the volume ratio to the material to be fermented is 70%.
Fermentation was carried out at a temperature of 0 ° C. to 60 ° C. with aeration and stirring. Then, the compost was taken out from the composting device, accumulated, ventilated and cut back, and fermented.
The fermentation period in such a primary fermentation process was one day. Next, the compost obtained in the primary fermentation step was deposited at another location to add water to the water, and was cut and fermented and aged. The leachate leached from the second fermentation process after the fermentation period of 2 months was collected in the fermentation container. Then, the collected leachate was aerated and stirred to be purified by fermentation. The relationship between the fermentation period of this fermentation purification and the fermentation status of the leachate was calculated by measuring the pH and EC concentration (dS
m ⁻¹ / cm), C / N ratio, and organic matter ratio. The pH was measured with a pH meter and the EC concentration was measured with E
The C / N ratio was measured by a fertilizer analysis method using a C densitometer. The organic matter ratio is the proportion (weight ratio) of organic matter in the water-soluble solids of the leachate, which was determined by measuring the composition of the leachate. These measurements
The leachate in the fermentation period of each fermentation purification was performed, and the degree of ammonia odor was determined by the degree of drifting odor. In addition, those having a strong ammonia odor were marked with X, those having a little ammonia odor were marked with Δ, and those having almost no smell were marked with ◯.
The results are shown in Table 1.

[0038]

[Table 1]

The EC concentration in Table 1 is a value in terms of water-soluble solid content of 2%, which is calculated by assuming that the leachate is composed of water and water-soluble solid content, and the ratio of the water-soluble solid content to the leachate in that case is 2%. is there. Then, as shown in the results of Table 1, those having a fermentation period of 10 days or more for fermentation and purification had little or no ammonia odor. This indicates that the ones in this fermentation period were well-fermented and good. If the fermentation purification period is at least 10 days or more and 150 days or less,
It can be seen that the product is fully fermented and good. In addition, when the fermentation period is 10 days or more and 150 days or less,
Is 6.0 or more and 9.0 or less, and the EC concentration is 2 dSm.
^-1 / cm or more and 10 dSm ^-1 / cm or less, and C / N
The ratio is 10 to 30 and the organic matter ratio is 0.2 to 0.
It became 9 or less. Therefore, within this numerical range, pH, EC
If the concentration, C / N ratio and organic matter ratio are at least
It can be a well-fermented good leachate, ie a compost leachate. Furthermore, the numerical ranges of pH, EC concentration, C / N ratio, and organic matter ratio for better leachate correspond to the fermentation period of fermentation purification of 20 days to 150 days with almost no ammonia odor. is there.

When the pH of the leachate was measured with the fermentation period of fermentation purification being 180 days, the pH was 150.
It was 6 which was the same as that of the day. This means that the fermentation period is 1
Over 50 days, it is shown that the leachate is becoming mineralized, which means that the active ingredients necessary for effective use in plant cultivation, such as nitrogen components and polyphenols, decrease. . Then, when the EC concentration was measured, the value of the EC concentration was 1.6, and it was confirmed that the mineralization is indeed progressing.

Furthermore, the relationship between the fermentation period of the fermentation and purification and the concentration of microorganisms (pieces / ml) in the leachate was investigated. The microorganism concentration was measured by the SPC (standard agar medium) method.
The results are shown in Table 1. As can be seen from the table, the microorganism concentration is in the range of 10 ⁴ cells / ml to 10 ¹¹ cells / ml in all fermentation periods.
Furthermore, the main microorganisms of the leachate in all fermentation periods of these fermentation purifications were identified using separation culture and microscopic observation. As a result, during all fermentation periods,
The main microorganisms were Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus thuringiensis. Further, it was confirmed that the Bacillus thuringiensis had a strong protease activity, and it was found that the Bacillus thuringiensis had an excellent fermentative decomposition power. It was also confirmed that the main microorganisms in the activated sludge used were also Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus thuringiensis. Further, when the relationship between the fermentation period of fermentation purification and the ratio of the water-soluble solid content in the leachate during the fermentation period was examined, the ratio of the water-soluble solid content in all fermentation periods related to Table 1 was 0.1. %
It was within the range of 5.0% or less. The proportion of the water-soluble solid content depends on the water content and the evaporation of water, but within this range, it can be said that there is no problem in plant cultivation. The proportion (% by weight) of the water-soluble solids in the leachate was measured by measuring the weight of water vaporized with a moisture meter while keeping the leachate at 104 ° C. for 2 hours. It was obtained by measuring the weight of the solid substance remaining in the above as a water-soluble solid substance and measuring its weight.

Further, the relationship between the fermentation period of fermentation and purification and the salt concentration in the leachate was investigated. In addition, the salt concentration was measured as the salt concentration. As a result, in all fermentation periods in which the fermentation period of fermentation purification was 150 days or less, the salt concentration was 0.
It became 1%. From this, the fermentation period of fermentation purification is 1
It was found that a leachate of 50 days or less has a low salt concentration, and that even if it is applied to soil, plants, etc., there is no concern that salt damage will occur.

Next, the fermentation period of fermentation purification is 0 days, 5
Each day, 10 days, 30 days and 150 days, the exudate was applied to the plants to confirm the effect. The exudate of each fermentation period and the diluted solution obtained by diluting it three times with water were separately sprayed on the surface of the leaves of the fruit tree, which is to be the plum, and the damage to the young leaves and the control effect and repellent against aphids were avoided. The effect was visually determined. 5 out of every 10 young leaves had an obstacle, x was marked, and 2 to 4 leaves were impaired, Δ was one, and one was not impaired, o was aphid. The results are shown in Table 2. The results are shown in Table 2 below. The young leaves were leaves within 4 weeks after emergence.

[0044]

[Table 2]

According to Table 2, the fermentation period of fermentation purification is 10
It can be seen that exudates and diluted solutions having a period of 1 day or more and 150 days or less have the effect of killing or repelling aphids, which are harmful insects, without damaging young leaves. As described above, it was confirmed that the leachate having a fermentation period of 10 to 150 days in the fermentation and purification has a pest control and repellent effect. Further, when the fermentation period of the fermentation purification was 0 days and 5 days, flying of harmful insects such as longhorn beetle to young leaves due to the smell of ammonia was observed. Furthermore, the exudate with a fermentation period of 180 days was sprayed on the surface of the leaves of fruit trees, which are also plums, and the effect on the young leaves and the control and repellent effect on aphids were examined. As a result, no damage was observed on the young leaves, but the effect of killing or repelling aphids was weak, and aphids existing on the young leaves were observed even one hour after spraying.

From the results shown in Tables 1 and 2, the leachate having a fermentation period of 10 to 150 days for fermentation and purification is a fully fermented product and promotes plant growth. I knew it was.

Further, although not shown in the table, a dilute solution obtained by diluting the exudate with a fermentation period of 10 days and 150 days with a 50-fold dilution at a rate of 20 kg / m ² suppresses the growth of root-knot disease. House grown spinach field 50m
² was irrigated. As a result, both irrigation solutions using the diluted solutions showed significant recovery in growth 20 days after application. At this point, the spinach in the unapplied area is
Growth was still poor and yellowing was observed on the leaves. For other filamentous fungi such as powdery mildew and Botrytis cinerea, it is possible to prevent the spread of fungi by applying irrigation with leachate to the soil for a fermentation period of 10 days and 150 days. I knew I could do it.

Finally, the leachate of which the fermentation period of fermentation and purification was 10 days and 150 days, respectively, was diluted 20 times, and sprayed on 100 m ² of uncultivated soil at a rate of 10 kg / m ² . Then, after spraying, a stainless steel pipe having a diameter of 1 cm was made to enter the soil using a 5 kg concrete block and the degree of entry was measured at each elapsed day. The degree of penetration is the penetration length of the stainless steel pipe after 2 hours. The measurement results are shown in Table 3.

[0049]

[Table 3]

From the results shown in Table 3, by spraying the diluted solution using the leachate of which fermentation period is 10 days and 150 days to the uncultivated soil, the penetration of the stainless steel pipe increases with the passage of days. I understand. In other words, the softness of the soil increases with the passage of days. Furthermore, after the exudate was sprayed on the uncultivated soil, the number of days elapsed was 0 days and 3
Each of those on the 0th day was sampled and observed under a microscope. As a result, many aggregate structures were observed after 30 days. The aggregate structure is presumed to be suitable for plant cultivation, which is formed by fermenting microorganisms and products derived from wood fermented and decomposed by the fermenting microorganisms. From these results, it was found that soil improvement was carried out by spraying a diluted solution using the leachate with a fermentation period of 10 days and 150 days on the soil.

From the results of the above-mentioned examples and the application examples to the plants and soil using the fermented and purified leachate, the compost leachate produced by the method for producing a compost leachate of the present invention is suitable for cultivation such as plant cultivation. It was confirmed that it can be effectively used.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a schematic configuration diagram showing a manufacturing process in a method for manufacturing a compost leachate according to the present invention.

─────────────────────────────────────────────────── ─── Continuation of front page (51) Int.Cl. ⁷ Identification code FI theme code (reference) C09K 17/32 C12S 3/00 C12S 3/00 C05F 15/00 // (C05F 15/00 5:00 5 : 00 9:00 9:00 11:00 11:00) C09K 101: 00 C09K 101: 00 B09B 3/00 AD (72) Inventor Konosuke Katano 5012 Togicho, Hisai City, Mie Prefecture Sankouchi Co., Ltd. F Term (reference) 4D004 AA04 AA12 BA04 BA10 CA19 CC07 DA03 DA10 DA20 4H026 AA08 AA15 AB04 4H061 AA01 AA02 CC31 CC41 CC55 EE64 EE66 FF01 GG49 HH11 LL22 LL30

Claims (13)

[Claims] 1. A primary fermentation step of composting a material to be fermented mainly composed of wood and food residues by biodegradation by a fermenting microorganism, and fermenting and aging the compost obtained in the primary fermentation step. A secondary fermentation step, including a tertiary fermentation step of fermenting and refining the compost leachate by collecting the leachate leached from the compost in the process of the secondary fermentation step in the fermentation container and performing aerobic fermentation, and the fermentation As the microorganism, one or more microorganisms belonging to the genus Bacillus are mainly used, and the compost leachate obtained in the third fermentation step has a pH of 6.0 or more and 9.0 or less and an EC concentration of water-soluble. 2dS in terms of solid content 2%
m ⁻¹ / cm or more and 10 dSm ⁻¹ / cm or less, and C /
A method for producing a compost leachate, wherein the N ratio is adjusted to 10 or more and 30 or less and the organic matter ratio is adjusted to 0.2 or more and 0.9 or less. 2. The method for producing a compost leachate according to claim 1, wherein Bacillus subtilis belonging to the genus Bacillus is mainly used as the fermenting microorganism. 3. The method for producing a compost leachate according to claim 1, wherein Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus thuringiensis belonging to the genus Bacillus are mainly used as the fermenting microorganisms. 4. The method for producing a compost leachate according to claim 1, wherein the fermenting microorganism is derived from activated sludge. 5. The microorganism concentration of the microorganism belonging to the genus Bacillus in the compost leachate is adjusted so as to be 10 ⁴ cells / ml or more, and any one of claims 1 to 4 is characterized. A method for producing a compost leachate as described. 6. The method for producing a compost leachate according to claim 1, wherein the wood is made of one or more kinds of bamboo, bamboo grass, wood chips, bark, and tree pruning waste. . 7. The method for producing a compost leachate according to claim 6, wherein the volume ratio of the wood to the total volume of the material to be fermented is adjusted to be 30% or more and 80% or less. 8. The method for producing a compost leachate according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the food residue is an animal and plant residue. 9. The composting in the primary fermentation step is carried out by aerobic fermentation for 1 day or more.
9. The method for producing a compost leachate according to any one of items 1 to 8. 10. The method for producing a compost leachate according to claim 9, wherein the fermentation and aging in the secondary fermentation step is performed by aerobic fermentation. 11. A compost leachate produced by the method for producing a compost leachate according to any one of claims 1 to 10, wherein the compost leachate is applied to soil as a soil conditioner. A compost leachate characterized by being. 12. A compost leachate produced by the method for producing a compost leachate according to any one of claims 1 to 10, wherein the compost leachate is used as a plant growth promoter on plants or seeds thereof. A compost leachate characterized by being applied. 13. A plant growth promoting material comprising a compost leachate produced by the method for producing a compost leachate according to any one of claims 1 to 10.