JP6470811B1 - Organic liquid fertilizer and organic solid fertilizer, and organic liquid fertilizer and organic solid fertilizer manufacturing method - Google Patents
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Abstract
【課題】安定した良質な有機液体肥料および有機固体肥料、並びに、有機液体肥料および有機固体肥料の製造方法を提供する。【解決手段】パートナー細菌で有機物を腐熟させて有機液体肥料および有機固形肥料を製造する。この場合、パートナー細菌は、菌根菌の胞子内またはその周辺に生息する微生物であり、特に好ましくは、Ｂａｃｉｌｌｕｓ ｓｐ． （ＫＴＣＩＧＭＥ０１）ＮＢＲＣ１０９６３３菌株、Ｂａｃｉｌｌｕｓ ｔｈｕｒｉｎｇｉｅｎｓｉｓ（ＫＴＣＩＧＭＥ０２）ＮＢＲＣ１０９６３４菌株、Ｐａｅｎｉｂａｃｉｌｌｕｓ ｒｈｉｚｏｓｐｈａｅｒａｅ（ＫＴＣＩＧＭＥ０３）ＮＢＲＣ１０９６３５菌株、又は、Ｐｓｅｕｄｏｍｏｎａｓ ｓｐ．（ＫＣＩＧＣ０１）ＮＢＲＣ１０９６１３菌株より選択された少なくとも一種類以上の微生物を含む。【選択図】図１The present invention provides a stable and high-quality organic liquid fertilizer and organic solid fertilizer, and a method for producing the organic liquid fertilizer and organic solid fertilizer. Organic liquid fertilizer and organic solid fertilizer are produced by ripening organic matter with partner bacteria. In this case, the partner bacterium is a microorganism inhabiting in or around the mycorrhizal spore, and particularly preferably Bacillus sp. (KTCIGME01) NBRC109633 strain, Bacillus thuringiensis (KTCCIGME02) NBRC109634 strain, Paenibacillus rhizosphaerae (KTCIGME03) NBRC109635 strain, or Pseudomonas sp. (KCIGC01) at least one kind of microorganism selected from NBRC109613 strain is included. [Selection] Figure 1
Description
本発明は、有機液体肥料および有機固形肥料、並びに、有機液体肥料および有機固形肥料の製造方法に関するものである。 The present invention relates to an organic liquid manure and organic solid form fertilizers, as well as a manufacturing method of an organic liquid manure and organic solid form fertilizers.
有機肥料、例えば有機液体肥料および有機固形肥料の製造には微生物の働きなくしては製造できないことが良く知られている。これらの製造に使用されている微生物として、光合成細菌、枯草菌、乳酸菌などがあげられるが、これら微生物の菌株名が不明なものが非常に多い。それゆえ、安定した良質な有機液体肥料および有機固形肥料を製造するのが難しい現状にある。 It is well known that organic fertilizers such as organic liquid fertilizers and organic solid fertilizers cannot be produced without the action of microorganisms. Examples of microorganisms used in the production of these include photosynthetic bacteria, Bacillus subtilis, and lactic acid bacteria. However, there are very many microorganisms whose names are unknown. Therefore, it is difficult to produce stable and high-quality organic liquid fertilizer and organic solid fertilizer.
特許文献１には、菌根菌とパートナー細菌（有益微生物）とを利用した水耕栽培方法が開示される。この文献中には、「パートナー細菌であらかじめ腐熟させた有機物による有機液体肥料」が開示されており、そのときのパートナー細菌としては、「Ｂａｃｉｌｌｕｓ属、Ｐａｅｎｉｂａｃｉｌｌｕｓ属又はＰｓｅｕｄｏｍｏｎａｓ属」を採用することが示されている。 Patent Document 1 discloses a hydroponics method using mycorrhizal fungi and partner bacteria (beneficial microorganisms). This document discloses "organic liquid fertilizer using organic matter pre-ripened with partner bacteria", and shows that "Bacillus genus, Paenibacillus genus or Pseudomonas genus" is adopted as the partner bacterium at that time. Has been.
一方、非特許文献１では、菌根菌の胞子内またはその周辺に生息するパートナー細菌として、Ｂａｃｉｌｌｕｓ ｓｐ． （ＫＴＣＩＧＭＥ０１）、Ｂａｃｉｌｌｕｓ ｔｈｕｒｉｎｇｉｅｎｓｉｓ（ＫＴＣＩＧＭＥ０２）、Ｐａｅｎｉｂａｃｉｌｌｕｓ ｒｈｉｚｏｓｐｈａｅｒａｅ（ＫＴＣＩＧＭＥ０３）およびＰｓｅｕｄｏｍｏｎａｓ ｓｐ．（ＫＣＩＧＣ０１）が同定されている。これらのパートナー細菌は菌根菌の生長を促進するとともに、抗菌作用や殺虫作用を持ち、窒素固定能やリン溶解能を有していることが明らかとなっている。 On the other hand, in Non-Patent Document 1, Bacillus sp. (KTCIGME01), Bacillus thuringiensis (KTCIGME02), Paenibacillus rhizosphaerae (KTCIGME03) and Pseudomonas sp. (KCIGC01) has been identified. These partner bacteria have been shown to promote the growth of mycorrhizal fungi, have antibacterial action and insecticidal action, and have nitrogen-fixing ability and phosphorus-dissolving ability.
しかしながら、特許文献１では、パートナー細菌として、細菌の属を示すのみであり、有機液体肥料および有機固形肥料の素材として機能する細菌が明確に同定されておらず、菌株名も具体的に特定されていない。また、非特許文献１で同定されたパートナー細菌が有機肥料の製造において有機物の分解に効果があるという調査はない。 However, Patent Document 1, as a partner bacteria, only showing a bacteria of the genus, not bacteria functions as a material for the organic liquid fertilizers and organic solid form fertilizer is clearly identified, strain name is also specifically identify It has not been. Moreover, there is no investigation that the partner bacteria identified in Non-Patent Document 1 are effective in decomposing organic substances in the production of organic fertilizers.
このように、従来の有機液体肥料および有機固形肥料の製造では、使用微生物が同定されておらず、かつ使用微生物の活動にとって適切な生育環境条件が示されていないため、安定した良質な有機液体肥料および有機固形肥料を製造するのが難しいという問題点があった。 Thus, in the production of conventional organic liquid manure and organic solid form fertilizer, since the microorganism used has not been identified, and not suitable habitat conditions indicated for use microbial activity, stable and high-quality organic to produce liquid fertilizer and organic solid form fertilizer is disadvantageously difficult.
本発明は、上述した問題点を解決するためになされたものであり、安定した良質な有機液体肥料および有機固形肥料、並びに、有機液体肥料および有機固形肥料の製造方法を提供することを目的としている。 The present invention has been made to solve the above problems, stable and high-quality organic liquid manure and organic solid form fertilizers, as well, to provide a method of manufacturing an organic liquid manure and organic solid type fertilizers It is aimed.
この目的を達成するために本発明の有機液体肥料および有機固形肥料は、パートナー細菌であらかじめ腐熟させた有機物からなるものであって、前記パートナー細菌が、菌根菌の胞子内またはその周辺に生息する微生物であり、下記群より選択された少なくとも一種類以上の微生物を含み、前記微生物が生息する。Ｂａｃｉｌｌｕｓ属におけるＢａｃｉｌｌｕｓ ｓｐ． （ＫＴＣＩＧＭＥ０１）ＮＢＲＣ１０９６３３菌株、Ｂａｃｉｌｌｕｓ ｔｈｕｒｉｎｇｉｅｎｓｉｓ（ＫＴＣＩＧＭＥ０２）ＮＢＲＣ１０９６３４菌株、Ｐａｅｎｉｂａｃｉｌｌｕｓ属におけるＰａｅｎｉｂａｃｉｌｌｕｓ ｒｈｉｚｏｓｐｈａｅｒａｅ（ＫＴＣＩＧＭＥ０３）ＮＢＲＣ１０９６３５菌株
本発明の有機液体肥料および有機固形肥料の製造方法は、パートナー細菌であらかじめ腐熟させた有機物から有機液体肥料および有機固形肥料を製造する方法であって、前記パートナー細菌が、菌根菌の胞子内またはその周辺に生息する微生物であり、下記群より選択された少なくとも一種類以上の微生物を含み、前記有機液体肥料および有機固形肥料に前記微生物が生息する。Ｂａｃｉｌｌｕｓ属におけるＢａｃｉｌｌｕｓ ｓｐ． （ＫＴＣＩＧＭＥ０１）ＮＢＲＣ１０９６３３菌株、Ｂａｃｉｌｌｕｓ ｔｈｕｒｉｎｇｉｅｎｓｉｓ（ＫＴＣＩＧＭＥ０２）ＮＢＲＣ１０９６３４菌株、Ｐａｅｎｉｂａｃｉｌｌｕｓ属におけるＰａｅｎｉｂａｃｉｌｌｕｓ ｒｈｉｚｏｓｐｈａｅｒａｅ（ＫＴＣＩＧＭＥ０３）ＮＢＲＣ１０９６３５菌株
Organic liquid fertilizers and organic solid form fertilizer of the present invention in order to achieve this purpose, be made of a pre-rot ripen allowed organics were partners bacteria, the partner bacteria, the spores within or around the mycorrhizal It is a microorganism that inhabits and includes at least one kind of microorganism selected from the following group , and the microorganism inhabits. Bacillus sp. In the genus Bacillus. (KTCIGME01) NBRC109633 strain, Bacillus thuringiensis (KTCIGME02) NBRC109634 strain, Paenibacillus rhizosphaerae (KTCCIGME03) NBRC109635 strain in the genus Paenibacillus
The method for producing an organic liquid fertilizer and an organic solid fertilizer according to the present invention is a method for producing an organic liquid fertilizer and an organic solid fertilizer from an organic material pre-ripened with a partner bacterium, wherein the partner bacterium is contained in a spore of a mycorrhizal fungus. Or it is microorganisms which inhabit the circumference | surroundings, and contains at least 1 or more types of microorganisms selected from the following group, and the said microorganisms inhabit the said organic liquid fertilizer and organic solid fertilizer. Bacillus sp. In the genus Bacillus. (KTCIGME01) NBRC109633 strain, Bacillus thuringiensis (KTCIGME02) NBRC109634 strain, Paenibacillus rhizosphaerae (KTCCIGME03) NBRC109635 strain in the genus Paenibacillus
本発明によれば、パートナー細菌は、菌根菌、特にアーバスキュラー菌根菌の胞子内またはその周辺に生息する微生物であり、これらの細菌を用いて安定した良質な有機液体肥料および有機固形肥料を製造できる。 According to the present invention, partner bacteria, mycorrhizal fungi, a microorganism that particular inhabit spores within or around the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, stable and high-quality organic liquid manure and organic solid form using these bacteria Can produce fertilizer.
特に、本発明に使用したパートナー細菌は、菌根菌の生長を促進するだけでなく、抗菌作用および殺虫作用を有し、大気中の窒素を固定でき、また、土壌中の難溶性あるいは不溶性のリンを溶解できる力を持つ微生物であるので、本発明の有機液体肥料および有機固形肥料に生息するパートナー細菌や、この有機液体肥料および有機固形肥料で促された菌根菌の働きによって、作物の病虫害抵抗性や環境ストレス耐性を付与できる。 In particular, the partner bacteria used in the present invention not only promote the growth of mycorrhizal fungi, but also have antibacterial and insecticidal effects, can fix nitrogen in the atmosphere, and are hardly soluble or insoluble in soil. since microorganisms having the power to dissolve phosphorus, and partners bacteria that live in the organic liquid fertilizers and organic solid form fertilizer of the present invention, by the action of mycorrhizal prompted by the organic liquid manure and organic solid form fertilizers, It is possible to impart crop pest resistance and environmental stress resistance.
また、本発明によれば、有機液体肥料および有機固形肥料のパートナー細菌が窒素固定を行うため、有機液体肥料および有機固形肥料の施用後の土壌中の窒素濃度を増加できる。 Further, according to the present invention, since the partner bacteria organic liquid fertilizers and organic solid form fertilizer perform nitrogen fixation, it can increase the concentration of nitrogen in the soil after application of an organic liquid manure and organic solid form fertilizers.
さらには、このパートナー細菌は土壌中に存在する難溶性あるいは不溶性のリンを溶解するので、菌根菌と協働して、リンの施用量を減らせることができる。 Furthermore, since this partner bacterium dissolves poorly soluble or insoluble phosphorus present in the soil, the amount of phosphorus applied can be reduced in cooperation with mycorrhizal fungi.
このように、本発明による有機液体肥料および有機固形肥料は、菌根菌の生長を促して、作物の生長を旺盛にできるとともに、収量の増加や作物の品質向上を図ることができる。 Thus, the organic liquid manure and organic solid form fertilizer according to the present invention, encourage the growth of mycorrhizal fungi, it is possible to vigorous crop growth, it is possible to improve the quality and an increase in crop yield.
以下、本発明の好ましい実施形態について説明する。 Hereinafter, preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described.
（１）有機肥料の製造方法
本発明の一実施形態における有機肥料の製造方法について説明する。
(1) Manufacturing method of organic fertilizer The manufacturing method of the organic fertilizer in one Embodiment of this invention is demonstrated.
（１−１）供試微生物
供試微生物は、菌根菌の胞子内またはその周辺に生息するパートナー細菌で、下記群より選択された一種類以上の微生物である。
１）Ｂａｃｉｌｌｕｓ ｓｐ． （ＫＴＣＩＧＭＥ０１）ＮＢＲＣ１０９６３３菌株
２）Ｂａｃｉｌｌｕｓ ｔｈｕｒｉｎｇｉｅｎｓｉｓ（ＫＴＣＩＧＭＥ０２）ＮＢＲＣ１０９６３４菌株
３）Ｐａｅｎｉｂａｃｉｌｌｕｓ ｒｈｉｚｏｓｐｈａｅｒａｅ（ＫＴＣＩＧＭＥ０３）ＮＢＲＣ１０９６３５菌株
４）Ｐｓｅｕｄｏｍｏｎａｓ ｓｐ．（ＫＣＩＧＣ０１）ＮＢＲＣ１０９６１３菌株
なお、相同性が９７％以上のものを含む。
また、菌根菌は、Ｇｌｏｍｕｓ ｃｌａｒｕｍというアーバスキュラー菌根菌（ＡＭＦ）である。
(1-1) Test microorganism The test microorganism is a partner bacterium that inhabits or around the mycorrhizal spore, and is one or more kinds of microorganisms selected from the following group.
1) Bacillus sp. (KTCIGME01) NBRC109633 strain 2) Bacillus thuringiensis (KTCCIGME02) NBRC109634 strain 3) Paenibacillus rhizosphaerae (KTCIGME03) NBRC109635 strain 4) Pseudomonas sp. (KCIGC01) NBRC109613 strain In addition, the thing of 97% or more of homology is included.
The mycorrhizal fungus is an arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus (AMF) called Glomus clarum.
（１−２）実証例
パートナー細菌で腐熟させた有機物からの水抽出物が菌根菌の菌糸生長および作物の菌根形成に及ぼす影響の実証例について説明する。
(1-2) Demonstration Example A demonstration example of the effect of an aqueous extract from organic matter ripened with partner bacteria on mycorrhizal mycelium growth and crop mycorrhiza formation will be described.
（実験１）バヒアグラス茎葉を（１−１）項で示すパートナー細菌で約１か月間腐熟処理させた後、この腐熟させた茎葉から蒸留水を用いて抽出した液（水抽出液）を得た。その後、表面消毒したＧｌｏｍｕｓ ｃｌａｒｕｍというアーバスキュラー菌根菌（ＡＭＦ）胞子を、オートクレーブ処理した抽出液を含む素寒天培地に置床させた後、３０℃のインキュベーターで培養した。なお、対照区は水のみの素寒天培地とした。培養１週間後、ＡＭＦ胞子からの菌糸の長さを測定した。
その結果、いずれのバヒアグラス茎葉水抽出液処理区の菌糸長は、対照（水のみ）区と比べて長くなり、菌根菌の生長を促していることが認められた（図１）。
なお、図１は、パートナー細菌で腐熟させたバヒアグラス茎葉水抽出液がＧｌｏｍｕｓ ｃｌａｒｕｍの菌糸生長に及ぼす影響を示す表である。
(Experiment 1) Bahiagrass stems and leaves were subjected to ripening treatment with the partner bacteria shown in (1-1) for about 1 month, and then a liquid (water extract) extracted from the ripened stems and leaves using distilled water was obtained. . Thereafter, Globus clarum arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) spores were placed on an agar medium containing an autoclaved extract and cultured in an incubator at 30 ° C. The control group was a water-only elementary agar medium. After 1 week of culture, the length of mycelia from AMF spores was measured.
As a result, it was confirmed that the mycelial length of any Bahiagrass stalk-and-leaf extract treatment group was longer than that of the control (water only) group, and promoted mycorrhizal growth (FIG. 1).
FIG. 1 is a table showing the effect of bahiagrass stalk and leaf water extract ripened with partner bacteria on mycelial growth of Glomus clarum.
（実験２）実験１と同様に腐熟処理したバヒアグラス茎葉水抽出液（０．４g相当量）を１週間ごとに４回、Ｇｌｏｍｕｓ ｃｌａｒｕｍというアーバスキュラー菌根菌（ＡＭＦ）を接種したカラタチ根圏に処理した。なお、対照区は水のみの区とした。処理開始約２か月後、解体調査を行うとともに、根をＰｈｉｌｌｉｐｓとＨａｙｍａｎ（１９７０）の方法で染色した後、石井ら（１９９６）の方法で菌根感染率を調査した。
その結果、バヒアグラス茎葉水抽出液処理区のカラタチの生育は、対照（水のみ）区と比べて、樹体生長が旺盛になるとともに、根の菌根感染率も高かった（図２）。
なお、図２は、パートナー細菌で腐熟させたバヒアグラス茎葉水抽出液がＧｌｏｍｕｓ ｃｌａｒｕｍを接種したカラタチの生長および菌根形成に及ぼす影響を示す表である。
(Experiment 2) A Bahiagrass stalk and leaf water extract (equivalent to 0.4 g) that had been ripened in the same manner as in Experiment 1 was applied four times a week to the Karatachi rhizosphere inoculated with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) called Glomus clarum. Processed. The control zone was a water-only zone. About 2 months after the start of treatment, disassembly was conducted, and the roots were stained by the method of Phillips and Hayman (1970), and then the mycorrhiza infection rate was investigated by the method of Ishii et al. (1996).
As a result, the growth of Karachi in the Bahiagrass stalk and leaf water extract treatment group was more vigorous and the mycorrhiza infection rate of roots was higher than that of the control (water only) group (FIG. 2).
FIG. 2 is a table showing the effect of bahiagrass stalk-and-leaf water extract ripened with partner bacteria on the growth and mycorrhiza formation of Karachi inoculated with Glomus clarum.
（１−３）有機液体肥料の製造方法
（１−１）項で示すパートナー細菌の全て、あるいは少なくとも１種類以上を用いて、有機物に一定量の水（有機物：水＝１：１〜１０、ｖ／ｖ。濃縮有機液体肥料を作るためには水の割合を小さくした方が望ましい）を加えて、以下の条件で発酵させる。
条件１：培養温度・・・４０〜４５℃
条件２：発酵時間・・・３００〜６００時間
条件３：撹拌・・・培養期間中、１日２回（１回５〜１５分、例えば、１０分）攪拌
なお、条件１の温度において、条件２の時間とすることで、確実な発酵とコストの低減との両立を図ることができる。条件３において、単発の攪拌とすることで、コストを低減できる。但し、連続回転による攪拌としても良い。
有機物は、以下のものが例示される。
例１：カラスノエンドウ、レンゲ、クローバー、ダイズなどの豆科植物の茎葉や、これらにイネ科植物の茎葉などを加えて腐熟させた緑肥
例２：トウモロコシ、油かす、大豆かすなどの植物性残渣を腐熟させたもの
例３：家畜糞尿などの動物性残渣を腐熟させたもの
(1-3) Method for producing organic liquid fertilizer Using all or at least one of the partner bacteria shown in (1-1), a certain amount of water (organic matter: water = 1: 1 to 10, v / v. In order to make a concentrated organic liquid fertilizer, it is desirable to reduce the proportion of water) and ferment under the following conditions.
Condition 1: culture temperature ... 40-45 ° C
Condition 2: Fermentation time ... 300 to 600 hours Condition 3: Stirring ... Stirring twice a day (once 5 to 15 minutes, for example, 10 minutes) during the culturing period. By setting it as 2 time, coexistence with reliable fermentation and cost reduction can be aimed at. In the
Examples of organic substances are as follows.
Example 1: Stem and leaves of leguminous plants such as oak, pea, clover, soybean, etc., and green manure that has been ripened by adding stems and leaves of gramineous plants to them Example 2: Plants such as corn, oil cake, soybean meal Example 3: A product obtained by ripening animal residues such as livestock manure
（１−４）有機固形肥料の製造方法
有機物（（１−３）項で例示したもの）を堆積した後、（１−１）項で示すパートナー細菌の全て、あるいは少なくとも１種類以上を含む培養液を、堆積した有機物の上部から流し込むか、噴霧して、堆肥化する。
パートナー細菌を処理した有機物の堆積期間中の温度管理は、有機物の堆積後、発熱してくるので、特に温度調節装置の準備は必要がない。但し、堆積有機物の外部の温度が上昇しにくいので、有機物をビニルシートなどで被うことが好ましい。また、温度調節装置を用いて、有機物堆積直後から１か月程度、４０−４５℃に温度調整し、発酵を促進させても良い。これにより、パートナー細菌の活動を早めて有機固形肥料を短期間で製造することができる。なお、１か月で１−２回、有機物の切り返しを行うことが望ましい。
有機物には、（１−３）項で例示したもの以外に、様々の有機物が使えるが、化学合成農薬などの化学物質や放射性物質が残留しない有機物を用いることが望ましい。
(1-4) after depositing a manufacturing method organics organic solid type fertilizer ((1-3) those exemplified in the section), including (1-1) all partners bacteria in the section, or at least one or more The culture solution is poured from the top of the deposited organic matter or sprayed to compost.
In the temperature control during the deposition of the organic matter treated with the partner bacteria, heat is generated after the deposition of the organic matter, so that it is not necessary to prepare a temperature control device. However, since the temperature outside the deposited organic matter is unlikely to rise, it is preferable to cover the organic matter with a vinyl sheet or the like. Further, fermentation may be promoted by adjusting the temperature to 40-45 ° C. for about one month immediately after the organic substance deposition using a temperature control device. Thus, it is possible to manufacture in a short period of time an organic solid-type fertilizer accelerate the partner bacterial activity. In addition, it is desirable that the organic matter is turned over once or twice a month.
Various organic substances can be used as the organic substance in addition to those exemplified in the section (1-3), but it is desirable to use an organic substance in which chemical substances such as chemically synthesized agricultural chemicals and radioactive substances do not remain.
以下（２）および（３）を参照して、本発明の有機液体肥料および有機固形肥料の特性を生かした活用方法およびパートナー細菌が活動しやすい適切な生育環境条件について説明する。 With reference to the following (2) and (3) will be described organic liquid manure and organic solid form utilizing the characteristics of the fertilizer utilization methods and partners bacteria acting easily suitable habitat conditions of the present invention.
（２）本発明の有機液体肥料を用いた植物の栽培例
（２−１）養液循環式栽培
本発明の有機液体肥料を用いた植物の栽培例の一例として、養液循環式栽培における栽培例について説明する。
菌根菌胞子を以下の条件で休眠打破する。
条件１：温度・・・３０〜３５℃
条件２：時間・・・１２〜２４時間
スポンジ等の培地に植物の種子を播種した後、休眠打破した菌根菌胞子を数個添加する。
栽培品種としては、次のものが例示される。
例１：・・・リーフレタス
例２：・・・コマツナ
添加する菌根菌胞子の個数は、例えば、１株当たり１〜５個が例示され、好ましい個数は、２個または３個である。
植物の種子の播種および菌根菌胞子の添加におけるその他の条件
条件１：播種した後の最初の給水時から（１）項で示した有機液体肥料を電気伝導度（ＥＣ）＝０．６ｍＳ／ｃｍ以下に希釈し供給する。
有機液体肥料の培地への供給に関してのその他の条件
条件１：供給間隔・・・栽培養液のＥＣ値が０．４５ｍＳ／ｃｍを下回った時に供給する。
条件２：供給濃度・・・栽培養液のＥＣ値を測定しながら、ＥＣ＝０．６ｍＳ／ｃｍになるように希釈し供給する。
なお、養液循環式栽培は、次の栽培装置を用いて行われる。即ち、養液循環式栽培における栽培装置は、栽培養液が満たされ植物が配置される栽培槽と、栽培養液を貯留する貯留タンクと、その貯留タンクからポンプによって栽培槽へ栽培養液を供給する第１の配管と、栽培層から排出される栽培養液を貯留タンクへ戻す第２の配管とを備え、栽培養液が栽培槽と貯留タンクとの間で循環するように構成される。
(2) Cultivation example of plant using organic liquid fertilizer of the present invention (2-1) Nutrient solution circulation cultivation As an example of plant cultivation using the organic liquid fertilizer of the present invention, cultivation in nutrient solution circulation cultivation An example will be described.
Break dormancy of mycorrhizal spores under the following conditions.
Condition 1: Temperature ... 30-35 ° C
Condition 2: Time ... 12 to 24 hours After seeding plant seeds on a medium such as sponge, several dormant mycorrhizal spores are added.
Examples of cultivars include the following.
Example 1: Reefletus Example 2: Komatsuna The number of mycorrhizal spores to be added is, for example, 1 to 5 per strain, and the preferred number is 2 or 3.
Other conditions for plant seed sowing and mycorrhizal spore addition Condition 1: From the time of the first water supply after sowing, the organic liquid fertilizer shown in (1) is subjected to electrical conductivity (EC) = 0.6 mS / Dilute to below cm and supply.
Other conditions regarding supply of organic liquid fertilizer to culture medium Condition 1: Supply interval: Supply when the EC value of the cultivation nutrient solution falls below 0.45 mS / cm.
Condition 2: Supply concentration: while diluting and supplying EC = 0.6 mS / cm while measuring EC value of cultivation nutrient solution.
In addition, nutrient solution circulation cultivation is performed using the following cultivation apparatus. That is, the cultivation apparatus in the nutrient solution circulation cultivation includes a cultivation tank in which the cultivation nutrient solution is filled and plants are arranged, a storage tank that stores the cultivation nutrient solution, and a cultivation tank that supplies the cultivation nutrient solution to the cultivation tank by a pump. A first piping to be supplied and a second piping for returning the cultivation nutrient solution discharged from the cultivation layer to the storage tank are configured so that the cultivation nutrient solution circulates between the cultivation tank and the storage tank. .
（２−２）底面灌水式栽培
本発明の有機液体肥料を用いた植物の栽培例の一例として、底面灌水式栽培における栽培例について説明する。
菌根菌胞子を以下の条件で休眠打破する。
条件１：温度・・・３０〜３５℃
条件２：時間・・・１２〜２４時間
休眠打破した菌根菌胞子を多孔質礫培地等に適量添加し、攪拌により均一な状態としたものを栽培培地とし、その中へ植物の種子を播種する。
多孔質礫培地は肥料分を含まない水のみで湿らせる。
栽培品種としては、次のものが例示される。
例１：・・・リーフレタス
例２：・・・コマツナ
添加する菌根菌胞子の個数は、例えば、１株当たり３〜８個が例示され、好ましい個数は、５個または６個である。
菌根菌胞子の添加および植物の種子の播種におけるその他の条件
条件１：播種した後の最初の給水時には（１）項の有機液体肥料を電気伝導度（ＥＣ）＝０．６ｍＳ／ｃｍ以下に希釈した養液を供給する。
有機液体肥料の供給に関してのその他の条件
条件１：供給間隔・・・給水ごとに添加する
条件２：供給濃度・・・２回目以降の給水からは、ＥＣ値＝０．６になるように希釈した養液を供給する。
なお、底面灌水式栽培は、次の栽培装置を用いて行われる。即ち、底面灌水式栽培における栽培装置は、植物が底面灌水可能に配置される栽培槽と、その栽培槽へ栽培養液を供給する供給手段とを備え、植物が吸水した分だけ供給手段から栽培養液が栽培槽へ供給されるように構成される。
(2-2) Bottom irrigated cultivation As an example of plant cultivation using the organic liquid fertilizer of the present invention, a cultivation example in bottom irrigated cultivation will be described.
Break dormancy of mycorrhizal spores under the following conditions.
Condition 1: Temperature ... 30-35 ° C
Condition 2: Time ... 12-24 hours Add appropriate amount of dormant mycorrhizal spore to porous gravel culture medium, etc., and make it a uniform state by stirring and use it as a cultivation medium, and plant seeds in it To do.
The porous gravel medium is moistened only with water that does not contain fertilizer.
Examples of cultivars include the following.
Example 1: Reefletus Example 2: Komatsuna The number of mycorrhizal spores to be added is, for example, 3 to 8 per strain, and the preferred number is 5 or 6.
Addition of mycorrhizal spores and other conditions in sowing seeds of plant Condition 1: At the first water supply after sowing, the organic liquid fertilizer of item (1) is made to have electrical conductivity (EC) = 0.6 mS / cm or less Supply diluted nutrient solution.
Other conditions related to the supply of organic liquid fertilizer Condition 1: Supply interval: added at every water supply Condition 2: Supply concentration: From the second and subsequent water supply, EC value = 0.6 Supply the nutrient solution.
In addition, bottom irrigation type cultivation is performed using the following cultivation apparatus. That is, the cultivation apparatus in bottom irrigation cultivation includes a cultivation tank in which a plant is arranged to allow bottom irrigation, and a supply means for supplying a cultivation nutrient solution to the cultivation tank. It is comprised so that a nutrient solution may be supplied to a cultivation tank.
（３）本発明による有機固形肥料を用いた植物の栽培例
本発明の有機固形肥料を用いた植物の栽培例の一例として、土壌における栽培例について説明する。
（１−１）項で示すパートナー細菌を処理し発酵させた米ぬか（４２℃のインキュベーターで約１か月間発酵）と無処理の自然発酵（室温下）させた米ぬかとを土壌に処理し混和させた後、トマトおよびキュウリの苗を植え付けた。その後直ちに、Ｇｌｏｍｕｓ ｃｌａｒｕｍ胞子を主に含むＡＭＦ接種源０．５ｇ（胞子約５０個）を両区の苗の周辺に処理した。実験開始約１か月後、苗の生育調査を行った。
その結果、パートナー細菌を処理し発酵させた米ぬか施用区のトマトおよびキュウリの苗の生育は、無処理の自然発酵させた米ぬか施用区のものと比べて旺盛となり、菌根感染率も高かった（図３）。なお、パートナー細菌を処理し発酵させた米ぬか施用区の苗では病害虫の被害も少ない傾向にあった。
なお、図３は、パートナー細菌で腐熟させた米ぬかがＧｌｏｍｕｓ ｃｌａｒｕｍを接種したトマトおよびキュウリの生長および菌根形成に及ぼす影響を示す表である。
(3) As an example of cultivating examples of plants using organic solid form fertilizer of the present invention cultivation embodiment the present invention of a plant using an organic solid type fertilizer according to is described cultivation example in the soil.
Treated and fermented with the rice bran treated with the partner bacteria shown in (1-1) (fermented for about one month in an incubator at 42 ° C) and untreated natural fermented rice bran (at room temperature). After that, tomato and cucumber seedlings were planted. Immediately thereafter, 0.5 g (about 50 spores) of AMF inoculum mainly containing Glomus clarum spores were treated around the seedlings in both sections. About one month after the start of the experiment, the growth of seedlings was investigated.
As a result, the growth of tomato and cucumber seedlings in the rice bran application group treated with the partner bacteria and fermented was more vigorous and the mycorrhizal infection rate was higher than that in the untreated naturally fermented rice bran application group ( FIG. 3). In addition, the damage of the pests tended to be less in the rice bran application zone treated with the partner bacteria and fermented.
FIG. 3 is a table showing the effects of rice bran ripened with partner bacteria on the growth and mycorrhiza formation of tomato and cucumber inoculated with Glomus clarum.
以上、実施の形態に基づき本発明を説明したが、本発明は上記実施の形態に何ら限定されるものではなく、本発明の趣旨を逸脱しない範囲内で種々の改良変形が可能であることは容易に推察できるものである。 The present invention has been described above based on the embodiments. However, the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and various improvements and modifications can be made without departing from the spirit of the present invention. It can be easily guessed.
上記実施形態では、（１−１）項に示すパートナー細菌で有機物を腐熟させる場合について説明したが、必ずしもこれに限られず、他の１又は複数種類の微生物をさらに加えても良い。他の微生物としては、例えば、乳酸菌や酵母が例示される。（１−１）項で示すパートナー細菌は、いずれも乳酸菌および酵母と共存できる微生物であるので、有効（安定した良質）な有機液体肥料および有機固形肥料を製造できる。 In the above embodiment, the case where the organic matter is ripened with the partner bacterium shown in (1-1) is not necessarily limited thereto, and one or more kinds of other microorganisms may be further added. Examples of other microorganisms include lactic acid bacteria and yeast. (1-1) partners bacteria shown in section, since it is a microorganism that can coexist both lactic acid bacteria and yeast can produce valid (stable quality) organic liquid manure and organic solid form fertilizers.
Claims (3)
前記パートナー細菌が、菌根菌の胞子内またはその周辺に生息する微生物であり、下記群より選択された少なくとも一種類以上の微生物を含み、
Ｂａｃｉｌｌｕｓ属における
Ｂａｃｉｌｌｕｓ ｓｐ． （ＫＴＣＩＧＭＥ０１）ＮＢＲＣ１０９６３３菌株、
Ｂａｃｉｌｌｕｓ ｔｈｕｒｉｎｇｉｅｎｓｉｓ（ＫＴＣＩＧＭＥ０２）ＮＢＲＣ１０９６３４菌株、
Ｐａｅｎｉｂａｃｉｌｌｕｓ属における
Ｐａｅｎｉｂａｃｉｌｌｕｓ ｒｈｉｚｏｓｐｈａｅｒａｅ（ＫＴＣＩＧＭＥ０３）ＮＢＲＣ１０９６３５菌株、
前記微生物が生息することを特徴とする有機液体肥料および有機固形肥料。 Organic liquid fertilizer and organic solid fertilizer consisting of organic matter pre-ripened with partner bacteria,
The partner bacterium is a microorganism that lives in or around the mycorrhizal fungus spores, and includes at least one kind of microorganism selected from the following group:
In the genus Bacillus
Bacillus sp. (KTCIGME01) NBRC109633 strain,
Bacillus thuringiensis (KTCIGME02) NBRC109634 strain,
In the genus Paenibacillus
Paenibacillus rhizosphaerae (KTCIGME03) NBRC109635 strain,
An organic liquid fertilizer and an organic solid fertilizer characterized in that the microorganisms live.
前記パートナー細菌が、菌根菌の胞子内またはその周辺に生息する微生物であり、下記群より選択された少なくとも一種類以上の微生物を含み、
Ｂａｃｉｌｌｕｓ属における
Ｂａｃｉｌｌｕｓ ｓｐ． （ＫＴＣＩＧＭＥ０１）ＮＢＲＣ１０９６３３菌株、
Ｂａｃｉｌｌｕｓ ｔｈｕｒｉｎｇｉｅｎｓｉｓ（ＫＴＣＩＧＭＥ０２）ＮＢＲＣ１０９６３４菌株、
Ｐａｅｎｉｂａｃｉｌｌｕｓ属における
Ｐａｅｎｉｂａｃｉｌｌｕｓ ｒｈｉｚｏｓｐｈａｅｒａｅ（ＫＴＣＩＧＭＥ０３）ＮＢＲＣ１０９６３５菌株、
前記有機液体肥料および有機固形肥料に前記微生物が生息することを特徴とする有機液体肥料および有機固形肥料の製造方法。 An organic liquid fertilizer and an organic solid fertilizer production method for producing an organic liquid fertilizer and an organic solid fertilizer from organic matter pre-ripened with partner bacteria,
The partner bacterium is a microorganism that lives in or around the mycorrhizal fungus spores, and includes at least one kind of microorganism selected from the following group:
In the genus Bacillus
Bacillus sp. (KTCIGME01) NBRC109633 strain,
Bacillus thuringiensis (KTCIGME02) NBRC109634 strain,
In the genus Paenibacillus
Paenibacillus rhizosphaerae (KTCIGME03) NBRC109635 strain,
The method for producing an organic liquid fertilizer and an organic solid fertilizer, wherein the microorganisms inhabit the organic liquid fertilizer and the organic solid fertilizer.
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| JP2011193797A (en) * | 2010-03-19 | 2011-10-06 | Tottori Univ | New method for forming mycorrhiza |
| WO2015041336A1 (en) * | 2013-09-19 | 2015-03-26 | 京都府公立大学法人 | Hydroponic method utilizing beneficial micro-organisms |
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| JP2011193797A (en) * | 2010-03-19 | 2011-10-06 | Tottori Univ | New method for forming mycorrhiza |
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