JP2009284872A - Method for adjusting soil nourishment environment, and bag-like material and compost extracted solution to be used for the method - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a bag-like material for creating a soil environment which has a buffer action for not removing a base too much while removing a surplus base in soil, and to provide a method for adjusting a plant nourishment environment. <P>SOLUTION: The method for creating a balanced soil nourishment environment comprises physically taking out and removing a base from soil by substituting for and sticking to zeolite in a bag a surplus base in soil, and making organic matter extracted from compost act as a buffer material when substituting and sticking base by zeolite. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2010,JPO&INPIT

Description

  In the present invention, a bag filled with a substance having a base adsorption function is embedded in the soil, the base in the soil is adsorbed by the substance having the adsorption function in the bag, and the bag is taken out of the soil by a method. In addition to removing the base in the soil, the buffer capacity of the soil is increased by injecting an organic solution by compost extraction into the soil, thereby increasing the buffer capacity against abrupt changes in soil salt concentration due to base removal. The present invention relates to a soil improvement method for adjusting the soil nutrient environment for the soil and materials used therefor.

In recent years, the establishment of agricultural and horticultural facilities and the diversification of chemical fertilizers have progressed, and there has been an excessive accumulation of salt in the soil, or the accumulation of harmful heavy metals in the soil. Deterioration of soil nutrient environment, such as frequent occurrence, occurred. Therefore, the necessity of removing excess bases in soil has increased.
The following three points have been conventionally used in this method for removing excess base in soil.
(1) Soil flushing method (2) Replacing soil (custom soil method)
(3) A method of adsorbing a base by mixing a substance having a large base substitution capacity such as zeolite in the soil.

Moreover, the following 3 points | pieces are mentioned as a main method of adjusting the nutrient environment in soil.
(4) Method of mixing organic matter such as compost or mineral soil improver into the soil as solid content (5) Method of supplying liquid organic material such as humic acid directly into the soil or impregnating the solid material 6) A method of burying a long net tube filled with minerals with a high porosity in the soil

In the (1) soil washing method, only salt is poured into the deep underground. (2) In the case of the customer soil method, a soil layer having a high base concentration still exists under the customer soil layer. In the method 2), there is a high possibility that the base will rise again due to capillary water from the underground.
(3) In the case of a method in which a substance with a large base substitution capacity such as zeolite is mixed in the soil, the base adsorption around the zeolite particles decreases because the adsorption of the base such as zeolite is a reversible substitution action. The zeolite particles have a problem of releasing the adsorbed base.
As described above, the conventional base removal method does not reliably remove excess base.

  Further, when (3) the zeolite particles are mixed in the soil, the zeolite has a property of adsorbing plant nutrients such as potassium, nitrogen (ammonia), sodium and calcium well. The plant grows well if potassium is sufficient, and if nitrogen is insufficient, the growth of the stem and leaves is delayed. There was a problem that the growth of the whole plant tends to be delayed.

  Furthermore, in the case of the above methods (4) and (5), which are methods for adjusting the nutrient environment in the soil, the materials such as soil conditioners used in these methods have a small base substitution adsorption capacity, and the environment. It was difficult to supply the solid material as the substance to be adjusted to a specific position in the soil, particularly at a depth from the ground surface. In addition, the method (6) has a problem that the base removal function is small because the substance filled in the mesh tube is a pearlite-based substance with a small base substitution capacity.

  The present invention has been made in order to solve the problems of the conventional method described above, and a base in soil is adsorbed and captured from an arbitrary position in the soil and directly taken out and removed. Furthermore, by increasing the buffer capacity of the soil by injecting an organic solution into the soil, increasing the buffer capacity against a sudden change in the salt concentration in the soil due to base removal, and thereby adjusting the soil nutrient environment for plants The purpose is to provide materials to be used.

  The gist of the present invention is that the bag-like material used for adjusting the soil nutrient environment is made of a material having a certain strength and capable of easily infiltrating the compost extract solution. A bag-like material characterized by being filled with zeolite for substitution adsorption of a base in soil.

  The gist of the present invention is that the zeolite filled in the bag-like material is made of a clinoptilolite-based material and has a particle size of 1.5 to 2.5 mm. The bag-shaped material according to Item 1.

  Moreover, the place made into the summary of this invention is mixing in the ratio which uses 5 kilograms of water as a standard with respect to 1.0 kilograms of fully-ripened composts, and after water immersion for 42 to 48 hours, this is 65-75 degreeC, 3 to This is a compost extract solution for adjusting the soil nutrient environment obtained by performing low temperature extraction for 4 hours and then collecting the extract by precipitation filtration.

  Further, the gist of the present invention is that the bag-shaped material, which is made of a material having a certain strength, is placed in the soil to displace and adsorb excess base, and then the bag-shaped material is combined with the zeolite. It is a soil nutrient environment control method that is taken out from soil and removes excess base in the soil.

  Further, the gist of the present invention is that the bag-shaped material, which is made of a material having a certain strength and filled with zeolite, is installed in the soil, and then the bag-shaped material is opened, and the soil nutrient environment is contained inside. This is a soil nutrient environment control method for adjusting the plant nutrient environment in the soil by injecting a compost extract solution for controlling the amount of the zeolite and buffering and controlling the level and timing of the substitutional adsorption of the base of the zeolite.

In the present invention, by using a bag-shaped material filled with zeolite, the base in the soil is not moved to other soil or groundwater, but can be directly taken out from the soil by adsorption and capture. it can. Furthermore, since the installation position and timing of the bag-like material can be set arbitrarily, it can be freely inserted and removed at an appropriate time during the plant growth period, enabling effective work, and the plant accompanying the application of zeolite. As well as dealing with growth delays, resources can be used effectively.
In addition, the present invention can be easily reused by taking out a bag filled with zeolite from the soil and washing it with water.
The effect is most effective when the zeolite has a clinoptilolite-based zeolite particle size of 1.5 to 2.5 millimeters with high hardness.

The compost extraction solution of the present invention is a method using a chemical in which humic acid, which is a representative corrosive acid-based material, is extracted with an alkali and an acid in another solution-based organic soil environment improving material. On the other hand, because it is a method of extraction without using chemicals, it is possible to ferment the residue after extraction and regenerate it into compost. There is no load and the effect is high.

The present invention embeds a bag-shaped material filled with zeolite in the soil, adsorbs and captures the base in the soil by the action of zeolite, and then removes the buried bag from the soil, directly from the soil site requiring environmental improvement. Therefore, excess base can be removed reliably.
Moreover, when the growth delay of the plant accompanying zeolite application arises, the environment creation of growth promotion is achieved by the effect | action which buffers the base adsorption | suction brought about by combined use with a compost extract solution.

A bag-like material made of non-woven fabric that can be easily infiltrated with the compost extract solution and can withstand the tension drawn from the soil is set to a size corresponding to the plant growth stage or plant cultivation purpose (Fig. 1, see Table 1). A plurality of clinoptilolite-based zeolites having a particle size of 1.5 to 2.5 mm are filled in the bag-like material, sealed, and placed in the soil.
On the other hand, with 5 liters of water per kilogram of ripe compost as standard, the compost is immersed in water for at least 42 hours, followed by low temperature extraction at a temperature of 70 ° C. for at least 3 hours, and the precipitate filtered and collected as a concentrate. A compost extract solution is obtained (see FIG. 2). In this case, the amount of water added is adjusted depending on the moisture content of the compost. Thereafter, a dilute solution 10 to 100 times the compost extract solution is injected by opening the bag-shaped material.
Then, the said bag-shaped material is taken out from soil and the plant nutrient environment in soil is adjusted.

  In another embodiment, a plurality of bag-like materials can be attached with a plurality of strings at regular intervals, and a large number of bags can be continuously embedded in the soil. Furthermore, the color of the said nonwoven fabric can select colors, such as black, dark gray, and light white suitable for the objectives, such as a buffer and cultivation.

  The material and the method were tested using a western buckwheat as a test plant. The test methods and results are as follows.

[Test method]
The test plant is a mixed species of Western buckwheat.
Zeolite-filled bags with a length of 8 cm and a weight of 6 grams are used for 3 pots.
The zeolite used is a clinoptilolite-based zeolite with a particle size of 1.5 to 2.5 millimeters.
The amount of compost used was prepared in advance at a ratio of 5 kilograms of water to 1 kilogram of compost.
As for the amount of the compost extraction solution, a 100-fold diluted solution was injected into each pot for 50 grams at a time, once every two weeks, for a total of 4 times.
The test method is a method in which the growth is observed by seeding in a polyethylene pot diameter of 7.5 centimeters having a different soil composition, and the growth amount is measured.
The following four types of polyethylene pots with different soil configurations (the mixing ratio is a weight ratio) are shown in the order of a, b, c, and d from the right in FIG.
a. 3 zeolite-filled bags + red ball 4: mixed at a rate of 1 compost b. Pearlite powder 0.5: Akadama 4: Mixed with compost 1 c. Zeolite powder 0.5: Akadama 4: Mixed with compost 1% d. Akadama 4: Mixed at a rate of 1 compost This was sowed on December 23, 2007.
The fertilizer was not applied with the original fertilizer, and the water-soluble fertilizer was applied every two weeks until the middle of February every two weeks. The fertilizer used was a chemical fertilizer 14:14:14 multiplied by 1000. The plant was replanted once into a 9 cm pot during the growth.

[Test results]
The measurement test was conducted on April 6, 2008. As shown in FIGS. 4, 5, and 6, the aerial part has good growth of a, b, and d, and c has poor growth. The growth of the root is the largest with no significant difference between a and b, and the root protrudes from the pot. d is the most delayed root growth.
In numerical measurement, as shown in Table 2, the height of shiba is the maximum at 23 centimeter mail, a is 22 centimeters, d is 21 centimeters, and b is the minimum at 18 centimeters. The maximum width of leaf blades is a piece of 5 mm, 3 pieces of 4.5 mm, d is 6 pieces of 4.4 mm, c. 4.4 mm 3 pieces, b is 3.9 millimeters 3 pieces, and the plant height is evaluated by combining the width, the growth of the ground part is good d, a, c, the difference is not much difference, b is The most late.
If the above-mentioned growth of the above-ground part and the root part is evaluated as a whole, the height of c is the largest, but the difference from a is slight. It is recognized that it is the best when the compost extract solution is used.

  This material and method were tested using radish as a test plant. The test methods and results are as follows.

[Test method]
The test plant is radish (red and white).
Zeolite-filled bags are 8 centimeters long and weigh 6 grams, using 4 pots per pot.
The zeolite used is a clinoptilolite-based zeolite with a particle size of 1.5 to 2.5 millimeters.
The amount of compost used was prepared in advance at a ratio of 5 kilograms of water to 1 kilogram of compost.
As for the amount (dilution degree) of the compost extraction solution, a 100-fold diluted solution was injected into a pot once every two weeks for 60 grams once, for a total of 4 times.
The test method is a method of sowing seeds in a polyethylene pot diameter of 12 centimeters with different soil composition, observing the growth, and measuring the amount of growth.
There are the following four types of polyethylene pots with different soil configurations (the mixing cost is weight ratio). In FIG. 8, a, b, c, and d are shown from the right.
FIG. 8 is a photograph of the distribution of roots taken out from the pot. FIG. 7 is a photograph of the overall shape of the radish, showing a specimen pot and a spare pot. From right to left, a pot using a zeolite-filled bag, a-1 preliminary pot (same composition as a), b red ball + compost pot, b-1 preliminary pot (same composition as b).
a. 4 zeolite-filled bags + Akadama 4: mixed at a rate of 1 compost-Inject compost extract solution into the bag b. Akadama 4: Mixed with compost 1 c. Zeolite powder 0.5: Akadama 4: Composting 1 compost, and compost extraction solution injection into the soil d. Zeolite powder 0.5: Akadama 4: Mixed with compost 1 This was fired on December 23, 2007.
The fertilizer was not applied with the original fertilizer, and the water-soluble fertilizer was applied every two weeks until the next mid-February 2008 every two weeks. The fertilizer used was a chemical fertilizer 14:14:14 multiplied by 1000.

[Test results]
The measurement test was conducted on April 6, 2008. As shown in FIGS. 8, 9 and 10, the test results show that there is no significant difference in the growth of the above-ground parts in all of a, b, c and d. The root growth is maximum with no significant difference between a and c. In b and d, the root growth is delayed.
In the numerical measurement, as shown in Table 3, the total weight of the four radish is the maximum when a is 78 grams, d is 73 grams, c is 70 grams, and b is 55 grams. For the root, a is 55 grams, b is 54 grams, c is 50 grams, and d is 40 grams.
If overall growth of the above whole plant and root is evaluated, it is recognized that a is the most excellent.

  This material and method were tested using wheat as a test plant. The test methods and results are as follows.

[Test method]
The test plant is wheat (variety name: strawberry snow).
Zeolite-filled bags with a length of 6 centimeters and a weight of 3.5 grams are used for three pots.
The zeolite used is a clinoptilolite-based zeolite with a particle size of 1.5 to 2.5 millimeters.
The amount of compost used was prepared at a ratio of 5 kilograms of water to 1 kilogram of compost.
As for the amount (dilution degree) of the compost extraction solution, 30 grams of a 100-fold diluted solution was injected into the pot four times at a rate of once every two weeks.
The test method is a method in which the growth is observed by sowing seeds in a polyethylene pot diameter of 9 centimeters in which the soil structure is changed, and the amount of growth is measured.
There are the following two types of polyethylene pots with different soil configurations (the mixing ratio is the weight ratio). In FIG. 11, a and b are shown in order from the top.
a. 3 zeolite-filled bags + red ball 6.7: mixed at a rate of 1 compost.
b. Akadama 6.7: Mixed at a rate of 1 compost This was sowed on December 23, 2007.
The fertilizer was not applied with the original fertilizer, and the water-soluble fertilizer was applied every two weeks until the next mid-February 2008 every two weeks. The fertilizer used was a chemical fertilizer 14:14:14 multiplied by 1000.

[Test results]
The measurement test was conducted on April 26, 2008. There are four test measurements: plant height (excluding cocoons), cocoon diameter (15 cm above the ground), panicle length (excluding cocoons), and panicle width. Of the four measurement results, a is greater than b in three items of plant height, ear length, and ear width, and b is greater than a in the heel diameter. However, since the average value of b excludes one stem that has not yet emerged, the growth of wheat can be evaluated as a result in which a exceeds b as a whole. This is shown in Table 4 and FIGS.

[Comprehensive evaluation of Examples 1, 2, and 3]
Looking at the above test results as a whole, the one with the best results is a pot filled with a zeolite filled in the soil and injected with the solution, compared to a mixture of compost and red crust. It is clear that the roots are well developed and the whole plant grows well.
In this way, the effectiveness of this material and the method of using the material is clear. In addition, since this material can be recovered from the soil as a whole and reused, resources can be used effectively, the burden on the environment is small, and the economy is high. From these facts, it is a material and technology that are socially significant as well as agricultural and horticultural effects.

(Table 1) Dimensions of bags filled with zeolite

(Table 2) Western wrinkle test results

(Table 3) Radish test results

(Table 4) Wheat test results

Photo of a bag filled with zeolite Photograph of compost extract solution in container A picture of the entire Western Shiba Photograph of the developmental state of the roots of Western Shiba Photo of the distribution of the roots of Western deer A photograph of the state of the roots around a white bag in the developmental state of the roots of Western Shiba A picture of the whole radish. Show specimen and spare pot Photograph of root distribution of radish Photograph of the roots of radish tangled in a bag filled with zeolite A photograph showing that the roots of Specimen a are markedly stretched with the roots of radish washed. A picture of the whole wheat State of wheat ears

Claims (5)

In the bag-like material used to adjust the soil nutrient environment,
A bag-like material comprising a material having a certain strength and capable of easily infiltrating a compost extraction solution and filled with zeolite for substitution adsorption of a base in soil. The bag-shaped material according to claim 1, wherein the zeolite filled in the bag-shaped material is made of a clinoptilolite-based material and has a particle size of 1.5 to 2.5 millimeters. After mixing with 5 kg of water as a standard to 1.0 kg of fully-ripened compost and soaking for 42 to 48 hours, this was subjected to low temperature extraction at 65 to 75 ° C. for 3 to 4 hours. Compost extract solution for adjusting the soil nutrient environment collected by precipitation filtration of the extract.   It is composed of a material having a certain strength, and a bag-shaped material filled with zeolite is placed in the soil to displace and adsorb excess base, and then the bag-shaped material is taken out of the soil together with the zeolite to remove excess base in the soil. How to remove soil nutrient environment. A bag-shaped material composed of a material having a certain strength and filled with zeolite is placed in the soil, then the bag-shaped material is opened, and a compost extraction solution for injecting a soil nutrient environment is injected into the inside. A soil nutrient environment adjustment method for adjusting the plant nutrient environment in the soil by buffering and controlling the level and timing of the base substitution adsorption of the zeolite.