JP2003204717A - Planting base and planting structure for rooftop greening - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a planting base for rooftop greening, lighter in weight than conventional one, and comprising a base layer having lower alkalinity pH and excellent in a balance between water retainability and drainage, and to provide a planting structure for rooftop greening using the planting base for rooftop greening. <P>SOLUTION: The planting base A for rooftop greening is obtained by laminating a planting layer 2 comprising plants 21 and soil 22 on the upper surface of an autoclaved lightweight concrete (ALC) plate 1. The planting structure for rooftop greening is obtained by arranging spacers 5 between the planting base A for rooftop greening and a slab surface 6 on which the planting base for rooftop greening. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2003,JPO

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a roofing planting base and a roofing planting structure.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, various rooftop greening planting bases used for rooftops of buildings, balconies, etc. have been proposed.
As the base layer for the planting layer, various types using porous concrete have been proposed.
In addition, when performing rooftop greening, plants having drought resistance are often used in order to save labor for maintenance such as irrigation after construction.

Further, in recent years, rather than waiting for the growth of plants after the construction of the planting base, it is sometimes required that the rooftop greening has already been completed to some extent or completely at the end of the construction. Therefore, in order to meet such a demand, a planting base in which a planting layer in which a plant has been grown in advance is laminated and fixed on a base layer made of porous concrete is also proposed.

However, since porous concrete has a good drainage property but a poor water retention property, if it is used as it is, the water content for growing plants tends to be insufficient. It was necessary to improve the water retention by filling the part with soil material or water retention material. However, in the case of constant irrigation, the burden of maintenance after construction becomes heavy. On the other hand, in the case of filling with a water retaining material or the like, there are problems that the manufacturing process of the base layer becomes complicated and the manufacturing cost increases.

The pH of porous concrete is 12
There is also a problem that it is unfavorable for plant growth because of its high degree and alkalinity. In order to improve this problem, it has been attempted to prevent calcium hydroxide, which is a source of high alkalinity, from flowing out from the inside by applying a chemical agent or a resin to the concrete surface. However, it is difficult to say that the practical effect is sufficient even by such treatment. In addition, porous concrete is usually 2
Since it was relatively heavy at 000 kg / m ³ , it was difficult to handle and hindered the rapid construction.

[0006]

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention has been made in view of the above problems and is lighter than conventional ones.
An object of the present invention is to provide a planting base for rooftop greening and a planting structure for rooftop greening, which has a low alkaline pH and is composed of a base layer having an excellent balance between water retention and drainage.

[0007]

The rooftop greening planting base of the present invention is characterized in that a planting layer containing plants and soil is laminated on the upper surface of a lightweight cellular concrete (ALC) plate. Further, the above ALC plate has a bulk specific gravity of 0.2 to 0.6.
And the pH is preferably in the range of 8-10. The above ALC plate has a water absorption of 40 to 1
It is preferable to be in the range of 20 wt%, and it is preferable to contain 30% or more of continuous pores therein.

Further, in the planting layer, the soil constituting the planting layer is covered with a vegetation sheet.
It is preferably fixed to the C plate. In addition, the ALC plate used in the present invention is provided with a groove or a recess whose diameter is reduced downward on the upper surface, and the groove or the recess is
A drainage channel penetrating to the lower surface of the ALC plate is formed, and a soil stop member for preventing the soil constituting the planting layer from falling is attached to the outlet provided at the lower end of the drainage channel. It is preferably fitted. In addition, the above ALC plate has a thickness in the range of 30 to 50 mm, and the soil constituting the planting layer has a thickness of 3 to 30 mm.
It is preferably in the range of. Further, it is preferable that the soil constituting the planting layer is held by a soil holding member provided on the upper part of the ALC plate. As the soil holding member, a soil retaining frame provided on the peripheral portion of the ALC plate is preferable.

The soil stopping member is a water-permeable cloth selected from knitted fabrics or nonwoven fabrics through which drainage can pass.
It is preferable that this water permeable cloth is attached to the discharge port provided on the lower surface of the ALC plate. Further, the soil stopping member is a plug member having a substantially T-shaped cross section, and it is preferable that the plug member is fitted into a discharge port provided on the lower surface of the ALC plate so as to be drainable. In addition, the planting structure of the present invention,
It is characterized in that a spacer is provided between the planting base for rooftop greening and the slab surface on which the planting base for greening the roof is laid. It is preferable that the spacer is integrally joined to the lower surface of the plug material.

[0010]

BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 shows an embodiment of a planting base for rooftop greening according to the present invention. The planting base A for rooftop greening consists of plants 21 and soil 2 on the upper surface of the ALC board 1.
It is basically configured by stacking the planting layers 2 including 2.

The ALC board 1 used in the present invention has a role as a base layer of a planting base for rooftop greening, and generally contains a foaming agent and water as main raw materials such as siliceous raw materials and calcareous raw materials. In addition, it is manufactured by pouring this into a mold having a reinforcing bar arranged therein to form a semi-cured body, and curing the semi-cured body at high temperature and high pressure steam.

The term "high temperature and high pressure steam curing" is also called autoclave curing, and means steam curing performed using high temperature steam under a pressure higher than normal pressure. In the present invention, for example, the semi-hardened concrete is heated at a constant temperature gradient to obtain a temperature of 180 to 190 ° C.
Autoclave curing is performed by maintaining the isothermal and isobaric condition of about 11 atmospheres for a predetermined time (about 3 to 5 hours).

In the present invention, the raw materials constituting the ALC plate 1 are not particularly limited, but when exemplifying representative ones, silica stone, silica sand, etc. are preferably used as the siliceous raw material, As the calcareous raw material, quicklime and cement are preferably used. As the foaming agent, metal aluminum powder or the like is preferably used. Further, as the reinforcing muscles, lath muscles, mesh muscles and the like are preferably used.

The ALC plate 1 used in the present invention preferably has a bulk specific gravity in the range of 0.2 to 0.6. By setting the bulk specific gravity to such a range, it is possible to form a base layer that is lighter in weight and superior in handleability than conventional ones, and simple and quick construction is possible. In the present invention, since there are numerous small pores inside the ALC plate 1, the weight reduction of the ALC plate 1 can be easily achieved.

In the present invention, the form of the pores is not particularly limited, and both independent pores and continuous pores are preferably used. Here, in the present specification, “continuous pores” refers to those in which three or more independent pores are continuous, and in the present invention, the ratio of continuous pores to all pores is preferably in the range of 30% or more, More preferably, it is in the range of 40% or more.

Further, it is preferable that the ALC plate 1 also has the above-mentioned pores formed on its outer surface. Plants 21 that form the planting layer 2 by forming pores on the outer surface
The roots of the ALC plate 1 easily penetrate into the ALC plate 1, and as a result, the planting layer 2 and the ALC plate 1 are firmly fixed.

Further, the ALC plate 1 used in the present invention has extremely small thermal conductivity due to the existence of a large number of small pores as described above, and its heat insulating property is about 10 times higher than that of ordinary porous concrete. For this reason, since the temperature change due to the season is relaxed inside the ALC plate 1, when the root of the plant is fixed inside the ALC plate 1, a temperature environment more suitable for the growth of plants than before is realized. it can.

The ALC plate used in the present invention preferably has a pH in the range of 8 to 10. Porous concrete (pH
Alkalinity is significantly lower than that of
It is possible to provide a base layer that is more excellent in plant growth than before.

In the present invention, by carrying out autoclave curing, even a completely inert silica at room temperature is combined with calcium to form a stable chemical reaction product of a strong calcium silicate hydrate, while high alkalinity is obtained. Since the generation of calcium hydroxide, which is the source of
The pH of the C plate 1 can be made lower than that of conventional porous concrete.

Further, in the ALC plate used in the present invention, as compared with the conventional porous concrete, CO _{2 in} the air reacts with calcium silicate hydrate inside the tissue to produce CaC.
The so-called carbonation, in which O ₃ is generated, is likely to proceed, and the pH is neutralized immediately after construction, so that an environment suitable for plant growth can be realized. This is because in porous concrete, CO ₂ in the air does not easily progress inside the tissue, whereas in the ALC plate, countless small pores are present on the outer surface and inside, so that CO ₂ in the air progresses inside the tissue. It is easy to do.

Further, the ALC plate 1 used in the present invention has not only a drainage function but also an appropriate water absorption or water retention function. That is, the ALC plate 1 itself has a water retaining action suitable as a base layer for the planting layer without being filled with the above-mentioned water retaining material or the like. The water retained inside the ALC plate 1 is used to rehydrate the plants,
Maintenance such as irrigation after construction can be reduced. The water absorption rate of the ALC plate 1 is 40 to 120 w.
It is preferably in the range of t%, and is 100 to 120 wt.
It is even more preferable that it is in the range of%. By setting the moisture absorption rate in such a range, it can be suitably used as a base layer for rooftop greening having an excellent balance between water retention and drainage.

Here, "moisture absorption" is a standard dry state (dried at 20 ° C., 60% RH, water content; about 10% by weight).
It can be calculated by immersing the entire surface or the lower part of the test piece in water under the condition of 20 ° C. using the test piece (ALC plate 1) of 1 above, and performing an immersion test until the weight change of the test piece disappears. After the above immersion test is completed, the weight of the specimen after immersion is divided by the weight of the specimen before immersion and multiplied by 100 to calculate the water absorption rate. The water absorption rate of the ALC plate 1 can be easily controlled by adjusting the pore content rate of the ALC plate 1.

To actually apply the ALC plate 1 used in the present invention as a base layer for rooftop greening, it is preferable to make it a square in consideration of handleability, and the size is 600 m in length.
mx 600 mm is optimal. Moreover, the thickness of the ALC plate 1 is preferably in the range of 30 to 50 mm, and is 30 to 40 m.
The range of m is more preferable. A when the thickness is less than 30 mm
This is not preferable because the strength of the LC plate itself is insufficient. on the other hand,
If the thickness exceeds 50 mm, the ALC plate 1 becomes heavy and the weight reduction, which is one of the objects of the present invention, cannot be achieved.

Next, the structure provided on the upper surface and inside of the ALC plate 1 will be described. It is preferable that the ALC plate 1 used in the present invention is provided with recesses, grooves, or the like having a shape in which plant roots are easily fixed on the upper surface thereof. As the recessed portions, as shown in FIG.
Crater-shaped recess 1 whose diameter decreases toward the bottom of the LC plate
1 is preferably used. The interval between the recesses 11 is 50-
It is preferable to set it in the range of 200 mm. The diameter of the recess 11 is preferably at least 50 mm, and the depth of the recess is preferably set in the range of 10 to 20 mm. By providing the crater-shaped recess 11 in this way, the roots of the plant can easily enter the recess 11 to be fixed and water can be easily collected.

Further, as the groove, as shown in FIG.
A linear groove 12 arranged vertically and horizontally on a board is preferably used. It is preferable to set the interval between the grooves 12 in the range of 5 to 200 mm. Further, the groove structure of the groove 12 is preferably an inclined structure so that the width becomes narrower downward, and the groove width is 2 mm or more and the depth thereof is 5 mm.
It is preferable to set it to mm or more. By setting the groove width and the depth within such ranges, the roots of the plant can easily enter the groove 12 and settle therein.

Further, the ALC plate 1 is provided in the above-mentioned recesses and grooves.
It is preferable to provide a drainage channel that penetrates to the lower surface of the. Explaining with reference to FIG. 2B, it is preferable to provide each recess 11 with a drainage channel 13 that linearly penetrates to the lower surface of the ALC plate. Also, the shape of this drainage channel 13 is
It is generally preferable that the cross section is circular, and that the diameter of the drainage channel 13 is preferably formed uniformly above and below the ALC plate.

In the present invention, the diameter of the drainage channel 13 is preferably at least 20 mm or more. Drainage channel 13
By designing as described above, it is possible to efficiently induce the roots of plants as well as the drainage action. In addition, the roots of the plant thus guided into the drainage channel 13 pass through the small pores formed on the outer surface of the drainage channel 13 and the ALC plate 1
Can get inside. As a result, the roots of the plant are more strongly fixed to the ALC plate and the ALC plate 1
To efficiently supply water.

At the lower end of the drainage channel 13, that is, the discharge port 14 provided on the lower surface of the ALC plate 1, the soil stopping member 4 is provided to prevent the soil constituting the planting layer 2 from falling.
Is preferably attached or fitted. By attaching the soil stopping member 4 to the discharge port 14 or the like, it is possible to prevent the soil mixed with the drainage such as rainwater from traveling along the drainage channel 13 and falling onto the slab surface such as the roof of the building. The slab surface can be maintained in a good condition.

The soil stopping member 4 can be used without particular limitation as long as it has a structure capable of preventing the soil from falling and allowing drainage. In the present invention, a water-permeable cloth 41 selected from a knitted woven fabric or a non-woven fabric made of a general-purpose resin as a raw material is preferably used to satisfy such requirements. FIG. 4 shows an example in which the water permeable cloth 41 is used as the soil stopping member.

Another preferred embodiment of the soil stopping member 4 is a plug member 42 having a substantially T-shaped cross section. Specifically, the flat plate 4 including a plurality of thin and thin wire members 42a having a bent portion in a part and a circular convex portion 42b.
An example is a plug member 42 composed of 2c (see FIG. 5). It is preferable that one end of the wire member 42a is joined to the peripheral side surface of the circular convex portion 42b in the vertical direction with the bent portion thereof facing the outside. Further, it is preferable that the circular convex portion 42b is designed to have a diameter slightly smaller than that of the discharge port 14 described above.

When this plug member 42 is used, the wire member 42a
When is inserted from the discharge port 14, the elastic force that presses the wall surface of the discharge path 13 toward the outside acts on the line member 42a, and as a result, the plug member 42 is fitted into the discharge port 14. When the plug material 42 is used, the flat plate 42c is ALC.
It is preferable to use it so that it does not insert until it comes into close contact with the lower surface of the plate 1 and a small gap is opened, and the above-mentioned water-permeable cloth 41 is held in this gap. By adopting such a method of use, it is possible to prevent the soil from falling and to enable drainage.

Next, the planting layer 2 laminated on the upper surface of the ALC plate 1 will be described. The planting layer 2 used in the present invention includes the plant 21 and the soil 22, and the root of the plant 21 enters the soil 22 and is intertwined with each other, so that the root of the plant 21 and the soil 22 are integrated. It is constructed as a soil layer.

As another form of the planting layer 2, it is also possible to adopt a form in which the soil 22 forming the planting layer is covered with the vegetation sheet 3. By using this vegetation sheet 3, the integration of the roots of the plant 21 and the soil 22 is enhanced, the soil is less likely to scatter under the influence of the wind, and the germination of seeds such as weeds coming from the outside is prevented. be able to.

As the vegetation sheet 3, it is preferable that the vegetation sheet 3 has a mechanical strength to some extent and a three-dimensional space is formed so as not to hinder the growth of plants.
A cloth material composed of a knit, a woven fabric or a non-woven fabric is preferably used. As the fiber raw material constituting this cloth material,
Natural fibers such as cotton, hemp and jute, or synthetic fibers such as polyolefin, polyurethane, acrylic, polyester, polyamide, polyvinyl alcohol and rayon are preferably used. When the vegetation sheet 3 is given elasticity, a composite product of the fibrous body and an elastic body (for example, rubber), or the fibrous body and a soft sponge (for example,
A composite product of urethane sponge, acrylic sponge, and cellulose sponge) can be used.

When the above vegetation sheet 3 is used,
For example, a preferred embodiment is a method of growing and curing a plant by stacking the vegetation sheets 3 on the soil 22 and then sowing, seedling, cutting and the like. As a result, the roots of the plant 21 are easily entangled with the vegetation sheet 3, so that the inside of the soil 22 and the roots of the plant 21 are more firmly bound together, and the bending of the soil 22 can be prevented. In addition, the vegetation sheet 3 on which the plant has been attached may be superposed on the soil. Further, in the present invention, it is preferable that the vegetation sheet 3 is fixed to the ALC plate 1, for example, the side surface or the lower surface of the ALC plate 1. The fixing means is not particularly limited, and, for example, a fixing tool such as a screw, a nail, or a stapler, or an adhesive agent can be used.

As the plant 21 used in the present invention, a plant having drought resistance and capable of growing on a small amount of soil is preferably used. Examples of such plants include succulent plants such as Crassulaceae, Purslane, Cercisaceae, and the like,
Among these, plants of the genus Sedum of the Crassulaceae family are preferably used because the rhizome generally does not develop so much.

As the above-mentioned plants of the genus Sedum of the family Crassulaceae, for example, Citrus vulgaris L., Mexican ginseng, Meno ginseng, Tight gome, Ginseng ginseng, Malba ginseng, etc. are preferably used. By using such a plant belonging to the genus Sedum of the Crassulaceae family, there is almost no need for curing management such as irrigation after construction.

In the present invention, the plant growth rate is not particularly limited, but in general, it is preferably set in the range of 40 to 75% in order to show a good green landscape.

As the soil 22 used for the planting layer 2, any known soil can be used without particular limitation. Preferred soils include humus, perks, peat moss, keto soil, organic materials such as water moss, or rock wool, perlite, clay balls, vermiculite, inorganic materials such as charcoal, Kanuma soil, soil materials such as black soil, Examples of fertilizers, growth regulators, insecticides, bactericides, herbicides, and water retention agents include polyacrylic acid salt-based, starch-based, and cellulose-based polymer water-absorbing agents. In the present invention, the thickness of this soil is preferably set in the range of 3 to 30 mm. If the thickness is less than 3 mm, it is not preferable because sufficient water retention cannot be ensured and the root fixing ability of the plant also deteriorates. On the other hand, when the thickness exceeds 30 mm, the root of the plant penetrates the soil and is arranged under the planting layer 2.
It is not preferable because it becomes difficult to fix the LC plate 1.

In the present invention, if necessary, ALC
A soil holding member may be provided on the upper part of the plate to hold the soil 22 that constitutes the planting layer 2. A preferred embodiment of the soil holding member is one in which a soil retaining frame 15 having the same height as or higher than the planting layer 2 is provided in the peripheral portion of the ALC plate 1. When the soil retaining frame 15 is used as the soil holding member, the planting layer 2 can be placed in the frame of the soil retaining frame 15, so that the construction is simplified and the planting layer 2 is displaced in the lateral direction. Can also be prevented.

Another preferred embodiment of the soil holding member is a method of embedding a net-shaped member inside the soil 22. The net-shaped member can be made of the same material as that of the vegetation sheet 3 described above. Further, the wire diameter of the net-like member is not particularly limited, but generally, by setting it in the range of 30 to 100% with respect to the thickness of the soil 22, it is possible to effectively prevent the movement of the soil 22. it can.

As explained above, the planting base A for rooftop greening of the present invention is constructed by stacking the planting layer 2 on the upper surface of the ALC plate 1. Further, this planting base A is preferably used for a rooftop of a building or a veranda (hereinafter referred to as "rooftop, etc."), but the planting base A is actually constructed on a slab surface such as a rooftop. In this regard, it is possible to employ a planting structure in which a more preferable form is added to the above basic structure.

For example, a planting structure in which a spacer is provided between the ALC plate 1 and the slab surface on which the ALC plate 1 is laid may be adopted. Specifically, as shown in FIG.
A material in which a spacer 5 composed of a support 51 and a columnar member 52 is bonded to the lower surface of the plug member 42 is preferably used. As described above, the spacer 51 is attached to the bottom of the ALC plate 1.
By providing the above, it is possible to improve drainage of the drainage that has fallen on the slab surface 6 along the drainage path 13. In addition, the heat stored on the slab surface 6 by the solar radiation is the ALC plate 1
Therefore, the temperature environment of the ALC plate 1 does not rise sharply in the summer, and a temperature environment suitable for plant growth can be realized.

The length of the spacer 5 is 5 to 100 m.
It is preferable to set in the range of m, and it is more preferable to set in the range of 10 to 20 mm. If the length is less than 5 mm, the above effect is not sufficiently exhibited. On the other hand, the length is 1
If it exceeds 00 mm, the balance of the planting base A is unfavorably deteriorated.

[0045]

As described above, according to the present invention,
It is possible to provide a planting base for rooftop greening and a planting structure for rooftop greening which are lighter in weight than conventional ones, have a low alkalinity pH, and have an excellent balance between water retention and drainage.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view showing an example of a planting base for rooftop greening.

2A and 2B are views showing an example of a recess provided on the upper surface of an ALC plate, FIG. 2A is an external perspective view, and FIG. 2B is a sectional view taken along line AA.

FIG. 3 is an external perspective view showing an embodiment of a groove provided on the upper surface of an ALC plate.

FIG. 4 is a diagram showing a state in which a water-permeable cloth is attached to a drain port.

FIG. 5 is a view showing a state in which a plug member is fitted in a discharge port.

FIG. 6 is a front view showing a spacer.

[Explanation of symbols]

A rooftop planting base 1 ALC plate 11 recess 12-row groove 13 drainage channels 14 drainage port 15 soil stop frame 2 planting layers 21 plants 22 soil 3 vegetation sheet 4 Soil stop member 41 water-permeable cloth 42 plug material 42a wire member 42b circular protrusion 42c flat plate 5 spacers 6 slab surface

   ─────────────────────────────────────────────────── ─── Continued front page    (72) Inventor Hashimoto Sei             1-3-16 Sonezaki Shinchi, Kita-ku, Osaka City, Osaka Prefecture             Kurion Co., Ltd. Osaka Branch (72) Inventor Kiichi Nakamura             8-13 Suehiro-cho, Kadoma City, Osaka Prefecture Dainichi Kasei Co., Ltd.             Inside the company (72) Inventor Ritsumasa Yamashita             115-1 Kuroshido, Shoo-cho, Katsuta-gun, Okayama             Okayama factory F-term (reference) 2B022 AA05 AB04 BA01 BA02 BA23                       BB03 DA19

Claims (13)

[Claims] 1. A planting base for rooftop greening, wherein a planting layer containing plants and soil is laminated on the upper surface of a lightweight cellular concrete (ALC) plate. 2. The planting base for rooftop greening according to claim 1, wherein the ALC plate has a bulk specific gravity of 0.2 to 0.6 and a pH of 8 to 10. . 3. The ALC plate has a water absorption of 40 to 120.
It is in the range of wt%, The planting base for roof greening of Claim 1 or Claim 2 characterized by the above-mentioned. 4. The ALC plate has 30 continuous pores inside.
% Or more is included, The planting base for roof greening in any one of Claim 1 to Claim 3 characterized by the above-mentioned. 5. The planting layer has soil constituting the planting layer covered with a vegetation sheet, and the vegetation sheet is fixed to an ALC plate. A planting base for rooftop greening described in crab. 6. The ALC plate is provided with a groove or a recess whose diameter is reduced downward on the upper surface thereof, and the groove or recess is formed with a drainage channel penetrating to the lower surface of the ALC plate, The soil stop member for preventing the soil constituting the planting layer from falling is attached or fitted to the discharge port provided at the lower end of the drainage channel. The planting base for rooftop greening according to any one of 5 above. 7. The ALC plate has a thickness of 30 to 50 mm.
The soil that constitutes the planting layer has a thickness of 3
The planting base for rooftop greening according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the planting base is in the range of -30 mm. 8. The rooftop according to claim 1, wherein the soil forming the planting layer is held by a soil holding member provided on an upper portion of the ALC plate. Planting base for greening. 9. The planting base for rooftop greening according to claim 8, wherein the soil retaining member is a soil retaining frame provided on a peripheral portion of the ALC plate. 10. The soil stopping member is a water-permeable cloth selected from knitted fabrics or nonwoven fabrics through which drainage can pass, and the water-permeable cloth is attached to a discharge port provided on the lower surface of the ALC plate. The planting base for rooftop greening according to any one of claims 6 to 9. 11. The soil stopping member is a plug member having a substantially T-shaped cross section, and the plug member is fitted in a discharge port provided on a lower surface of the ALC plate so as to be drainable. The planting base for rooftop greening according to any one of claims 6 to 9. 12. A spacer is provided between the planting base for rooftop greening according to any one of claims 1 to 11 and a slab surface on which the planting base for greening the roof is laid. A planting structure for rooftop greening. 13. The roof greening planting structure according to claim 12, wherein the spacer is integrally joined to a lower surface of the plug member.