JP2011019431A - Greening structure - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a greening structure which has a drainage-adjusting mat preventing uneven distribution of moisture to equalize the water content and thereby promote growth of roots and/or creeping shoots, so as to make the environment suitable for growth of herbaceous perennial plants, and on which the herbaceous perennial plants are vegetated. <P>SOLUTION: The greening structure is obtained by sequentially superimposing: a drainage mat 5 constituted of a three-dimensional net-like structure which is laid on a base surface 3 and around which synthetic resin fibers are entwined; a root-proofing sheet 7 composed of a synthetic resin fiber nonwoven structure which is stacked on the drainage mat 5, makes surplus water flow down to the drainage mat 5 and prevents roots from extending to the drainage mat below; a drainage-adjusting mat 9 composed of synthetic resin fiber felt mats 11, 13 stacked on the root-proofing sheet 7; a greening base 17 constituted of a three-dimensional net-like structure which is stacked on the drainage adjusting mat 9 and around which the synthetic resin fibers are entwined; and a soil dressing layer 19 which is put around over the greening base 17 and inside the greening base 17. In the soil dressing layer 19, herbaceous perennial plants 23 are vegetated. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2011,JPO&INPIT

Description

  The present invention relates to a greening structure constructed on a base of a building structure, and more particularly to a greening structure for growing plants on a rooftop or a balcony.

  In recent years, with the increase in the number of buildings, it has been noticed that plants are cultivated on the rooftops and balconies of buildings and greened from the viewpoint of building a city that takes into account the cityscape and saving energy for heating and cooling in the building. Yes.

  As an example of greening the rooftop or balcony of a building, a greening structure of Patent Document 1 (Japanese Patent No. 3408439) has been known. As shown in FIG. 5, this Patent Document 1 lays a water-impermeable impermeable root-proof sheet 05 on a rooftop of a building structure 01 or a base surface 03 of a balcony, and on the impermeable-rooted sheet 05. A drainage layer 07 made of a synthetic resin fiber nonwoven structure mat of 750 to 2500 denier and draining water along the surface of the water shielding and rooting sheet 05 is stacked, and further on the drainage layer 07 is 100 denier or less. A water retaining layer 09 made of a synthetic resin fiber nonwoven structure mat is stacked, and a soil layer 011 is stacked on the water retaining layer 09, and a plant 012 is planted on the soil layer 011. Yes.

Further, a drain pipe 013 and a drain cap 015 covering the drain pipe 013 are provided on the base surface 03, and a drain cover 021 including a filter cylinder 017 and a perforated lid 019 is provided so as to cover the drain pipe 013 and the drain cap 015. It has been. The lower end of the filter cylinder 017 is embedded in the soil layer 011 in contact with the water-impervious root sheet 05.
In addition, an auxiliary filter cylinder 023 formed by rolling a synthetic resin fiber nonwoven structure mat into a cylindrical shape and having the lower end in contact with the water retention layer 09 and embedded in the soil layer 011 is provided. Surface water, excess water in the soil layer 011 and air supply to the soil layer 011 are performed.
A technique similar to that of Patent Document 1 is also disclosed in Patent Document 2.

Japanese Patent No. 3408439 JP 2003-210034 A

In the greening structures shown in Patent Documents 1 and 2, a structure for forming a water retention layer and a drainage layer using synthetic resin fibers is shown, but the types of plants vegetated in the soil layer are shown. For example, it is not clear whether it is a greening structure suitable for a succulent plant such as a sedum plant or a greening structure suitable for a plant having a large root and stem growth such as a perennial plant.
Therefore, an appropriate greening structure corresponding to the type of plant to be vegetated is not shown.

  When the vegetation plant is a succulent plant such as a sedum plant, it is a plant that can store water in the leaves and stems, so that the leaves and stems become thick and develop as a water storage tissue. For this reason, it is possible to save management work such as hydration, and it is widely used as a plant for greening structures on rooftops and verandas.

  However, since the roots and stems of this succulent plant have less extension than perennial plants and perennial plants, the perennial plant is planted as it is using a laminated structure of greening structures suitable for succulent plants. The growth of roots and stems is hindered, and there is a problem that sufficient cultivation cannot be performed. Further, the growth of the root portion cannot be controlled, and the root portion may freely extend to clog a drain pipe or the like, thereby impairing the drainage function.

A perennial plant is a herb that repeats flowering and fruiting for several years after sowing and planting, and is also referred to as perennial grass.
There are some that are evergreen throughout the year and some that die on the ground in winter or summer, so you can choose the appropriate type of perennial plant and enjoy frequent seasonal changes through frequent flooding treatments. It is expected as a rooftop planting plant.

  Therefore, in view of such problems, the present invention provides an environment suitable for the growth of perennial plants with a drainage adjustment mat that prevents uneven distribution of water and averages the amount of water to promote the growth of roots and stems. It aims at providing the greening structure in which this perennial plant was vegetated.

  In order to achieve such an object, the present invention is a greening structure constructed on a base surface of a building structure, and a drainage mat comprising a three-dimensional network structure entangled with synthetic resin fibers laid on the base surface A root-proof sheet comprising a synthetic resin fiber non-woven structure stacked on the drainage mat to prevent excess water from flowing to the drainage mat and to prevent roots from extending to the drainage mat below, A drainage adjustment mat comprising a synthetic resin fiber felt mat layer stacked on a root-proof sheet, a greening base comprising a three-dimensional network structure entangled with synthetic resin fibers stacked on the drainage adjustment mat, It is characterized in that a perennial plant is vegetated in the customer soil layer by sequentially laminating on the green base and a guest soil layer entangled in the structure of the green base.

According to this invention, a drainage mat, a root prevention sheet, a drainage adjustment mat, a greening base, and a soil layer are layered on the base surface of the building structure to form a greening laminated structure, Since perennial plants are vegetated in the soil layer, rainwater or spray water soaked in the soil layer and the greening base is absorbed by the drainage adjustment mat composed of the synthetic resin fiber felt mat layer, and by the root protection sheet below it. The uneven distribution of moisture is prevented, the amount of moisture contained in the drainage adjustment mat and the greening base is averaged, and moisture is supplied to the roots and stems evenly.
In addition, the root-proof sheet below the drainage adjustment mat retains the air permeability and water permeability necessary for food growth in addition to preventing root penetration and soil outflow. It is possible to grow by spreading laterally in the drainage adjustment mat and the greening base without penetrating.
Moreover, root drainage is prevented by the rapid discharge of excess water and the intake of the gas phase by the drainage mat composed of a three-dimensional network structure entangled with synthetic resin fibers installed under the root-proof sheet.

As described above, a drainage mat, a root prevention sheet, a drainage adjustment mat, a greening basement, and a soil layer are layered on the foundation surface of the building structure to form a greening laminated structure. The drainage adjustment mat from the felt mat layer and the root-preventing sheet under it prevent moisture from being unevenly distributed and average the amount of water to promote the growth of roots and stems. It is formed.
Perennial plants grow more because they store moisture in the roots and stems than succulent plants that store moisture in the leaves, and the growth of the roots and stems causes the roots and stems to grow with synthetic resin fibers or roots and roots in the greening base. The stems get entangled and extend to the drainage adjustment mat and get entangled inside. As a result, the greening base and the drainage adjustment mat can be combined like a single mat, making the greening layered structure a strong structure, able to withstand strong winds such as typhoons, and environmental changes. Greening through the four seasons is possible.

In the present invention, it is preferable that the drainage adjustment mat has a three-layer structure in which a synthetic resin fiber felt layer is provided above and below and a mesh sheet of synthetic resin is provided therebetween.
According to such a configuration, the drainage adjustment mat has a structure in which a mesh-like sheet is sandwiched between synthetic fiber felt mats, so that the moisture flowing into the upper synthetic fiber felt mat is loosened by the mesh sheet. Since it diffuses in all directions and is temporarily held and flows down to the lower synthetic fiber felt mat, it is possible to further prevent uneven distribution of moisture in the drainage adjustment mat, and to effectively average the amount of moisture contained in the greening base Is obtained.

In the present invention, it is preferable that the perennial plant is a mixture of grass such as fescue, bahiagrass, alfalfa, white clover, purple clover, and perennial flowers such as tsubo coral, jaguar, and yam.
According to such a configuration, by mixing vegetation and perennial plants as perennial plants, it is possible to appreciate flowers that are rich in volume and respond to changes in the four seasons.

  In the present invention, it is preferable that the drainage adjustment mat and the greening base are constituted by a unit drainage adjustment mat and a unit greening base formed as a unit, respectively, and in the unit drainage adjustment mat and the unit greening base. The root or stem of the perennial plant may be entangled with each other, and the unit drainage adjustment mat and the unit greening base may be integrally connected to form a single mat layer.

  According to this configuration, the roots or stems of the perennial plants are entangled with each other in the unit drainage adjustment mat and the unit greening base, and the drainage adjustment mat and the greening base are configured as one mat layer. That is, the greening base and the drainage adjustment mat are unitized, and these mats and the base are installed at the site, and then integrated and strengthened by the roots and stems of the plant, thereby enabling easy construction.

According to the present invention, a drainage mat composed of a three-dimensional network structure entangled with synthetic resin fibers laid on a base surface of a building structure, and a synthetic resin fiber nonwoven structure stacked on the drainage mat A drainage adjustment comprising a root-preventing sheet that prevents surplus water from flowing to the drainage mat and prevents roots from extending to the drainage mat below, and a synthetic resin fiber felt mat layer stacked on the root-prevention sheet. A greening base comprising a mat, a three-dimensional network structure in which synthetic resin fibers stacked on the drainage adjustment mat are entangled, and a soil layer laminated on the greening base and entangled in the structure of the greening base And the perennial plants are vegetated in the above-mentioned soil layer, and in particular, the drainage adjustment mat and the root-preventing sheet prevent the uneven distribution of water and average the amount of water to promote the growth of roots and stems. So Year grass plant roots and stolons environment suitable for the growth of is formed.
And the growth of the roots and stems of perennial plants does not stop in the greening base, but also extends to the drainage adjustment mat and entangles with each other's roots, stems, or synthetic resin fibers inside, so that the greening base and drainage adjustment The mats can be combined like a single mat to make the greening laminated structure a strong structure and can withstand strong winds such as typhoons.

It is a whole block diagram of the greening structure concerning this invention. It is an enlarged view of a greening laminated structure. It is a structural diagram of a drainage adjustment mat. It is a whole block explanatory drawing of rooftop greening of a building structure. It is explanatory drawing which shows a prior art.

  Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail with reference to embodiments shown in the drawings. However, the dimensions, materials, shapes, relative arrangements, and the like of the component parts described in this embodiment are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention to that unless otherwise specified.

FIG. 1 shows an example of the greening structure of the present invention. FIG. 2 is an enlarged view of the greening laminated structure constituting the greening structure.
On the rooftop 3 of the building structure 1 such as a greening building or on the basement surface 3 of the balcony, rainwater and the like are prevented from leaking from the rooftop of the building into the building, and the roots of the plants enter the damaged concrete part of the rooftop. In order to prevent further increase in breakage, waterproofing is applied.

  And the drain mat 5 is laid on the base | substrate surface 3 to which this waterproofing process was performed. The drainage mat 5 is constituted by a three-dimensional network structure in which synthetic resin fibers made of polypropylene are entangled, and the synthetic resin fibers preferably have a diameter of 0.5 to 1 mm, and the thickness of the mat is preferably 10 to 50 mm. Such mat thickness and fiber thickness are preferable from the viewpoint of preventing root rot by prompt discharge of excess water and intake of fresh air.

  On the drainage mat 5, a root-proof sheet 7 made of a polyester long fiber nonwoven fabric is stacked. This root-proof sheet 7 has air permeability necessary for the flow of surplus water to the drainage mat 5 and the growth of plants, but is suitable for preventing the root from extending to the drainage mat 5 below and the flow of soil. Fiber density.

  Further, a drainage adjustment mat 9 is stacked on the root prevention sheet 7. As shown in FIG. 3, the drainage adjustment mat 9 has a structure in which a mesh sheet 15 in which PP (polypropylene) fibers are processed into a plain weave cloth shape is sandwiched between upper and lower felt mats 11 and 13 of synthetic resin fibers. It has become. The drainage adjustment mat 9 having a three-layer structure preferably has a thickness of about 10 mm as a whole from the viewpoint of water retention.

  Moisture that has soaked into the upper felt mat 11 from above is slowed down by the mesh sheet 15 and diffused in all directions to be temporarily retained. Then, the excess water retained by the mesh sheet 15 passes through the opening of the mesh sheet, soaks into the lower felt mat 13 and flows down. The water flowing down to the lower felt mat 13 is diffused from the root-proof sheet 7 installed under the lower felt mat 13 and is evenly held by the lower felt mat 13. Thus, the water in the drainage adjustment mat 9 is kept in an average without being biased by being flown down in such a manner that it is sequentially diffused.

  Above the drainage adjustment mat 9, a greening base 17 made of a three-dimensional network structure in which 750 to 2500 denier synthetic resin fibers are entangled is stacked. The greening base 17 is composed of a composite fiber of PP (polypropylene) and PE (polyethylene), that is, a three-dimensionally formed composite polyolefin fiber in which the surface of a relatively thick PP fiber is coated with PE having a melting point lower than that of the PP fiber. It is a mat in which fibers are entangled and heat-attached to each other at the entanglement point, which is preferable in terms of water retention, durability, and strength.

Further, the soil of the customer soil layer 19 is stacked or entangled on the greening base 17 and inside the greening base 17, the drainage mat 5 on the basement surface 3 of the building structure 1, the root prevention sheet 7, and drainage adjustment. The greening laminated structure 21 is configured by layering the mat 9, the greening base 17, and the customer soil layer 19 in layers.
A perennial plant 23 is planted as a vegetation plant in the soil layer 19, and a greening structure 25 is formed by integrating the greening layered structure 21 and the perennial plant 23.

The perennial plant 23 is a herb which repeats flowering and fruiting for several years after sowing and planting, and is also referred to as perennial grass. . By selecting an appropriate kind of perennial plant and vegetating on the soil layer 19 of the greening layered structure 21 and applying a flooding treatment, a greening structure 25 that is rich in volume and can enjoy seasonal changes can be provided throughout the year. Specifically, it is a mixture of pastures such as fescue, bahiagrass, alfalfa, white clover, purple clover, and perennial plants such as tsubo coral, jaguar, yablanc, etc. A vegetated greening structure 25 can be provided.
In the present embodiment, the soil layer 19 may be seeded or planted. Furthermore, the seedlings grown in the field may be installed as a unit as described later.

Next, plant growth using the greening structure 25 will be described.
As shown in FIG. 1, the perennial plant 23 germinated or vegetated in the soil layer 19 grows by absorbing water retained in the greening base 17 and the drainage adjustment mat 9. Rain water or water sprinkled by the submergence tube 27 of the spraying device is held by the greening base 17, and excess water flows down to the drainage adjustment mat 9, and further flows down to the root prevention sheet 7. At this time, the drainage adjustment mat 9 and the root-proof sheet 7 are uniformly absorbed and held inside the greening base 17 and the drainage adjustment mat 9.

  And when the water retention capacity of the drainage adjustment mat 9 and the root prevention sheet 7 is exceeded, excess water flows down from the root prevention sheet 7 to the drainage mat 5 and onto the rooftop of the building structure 1 or the base surface 3 of the balcony. It moves along the drainage mat 5 along the drainage cutout 31 formed on the bottom surface of the border 29 of the edge material, drains, and flows into the drainage pipe 35 from the drainage pipe cap 33. In addition, this border 29 is a block material having a hollow rectangular parallelepiped shape.

  As described above, the drainage adjustment mat 9 and the root prevention sheet 7 uniformly absorb and hold the greening base 17 and the drainage adjustment mat 9 without being biased. Therefore, the roots of the perennial plants vegetated on the greening base 17 Moisture is evenly supplied to (rice stalk) 40. As a result, the growth of the roots (rice stalks) 40 is promoted, and the growth can be further extended into the drainage adjustment mat 9 from the growth in the greening base 17. Water retention and equalization by the three-layer structure of the drainage adjustment mat 9 further promotes the growth of roots and stems.

In addition, the root-preventing sheet located below the drainage adjustment mat 9 prevents root penetration and soil outflow, and maintains air permeability and water permeability necessary for food growth. The roots or stems extend through the drainage adjustment mat 9 and the greening base 17 in the lateral direction without penetrating the root-proof sheet 7 by prompt drainage of excess water and prevention of root rot by gas phase uptake. , Roots and stems grow intertwined.
In addition, since perennial plants do not store moisture in leaves like succulent plants, roots or stems grow more than succulent plants, so roots or stems tend to be entangled with each other. Easy to unite by root growth or stem growth.

Next, the procedure for installing the greening structure 25 on the roof or balcony will be described.
First, the border 29 is arranged on the rooftop or the base surface 3 of the balcony (see FIG. 4), and the area to be greened is defined. Then, predetermined positions on the base surface 3, for example, the drainage mat 5, the drainage adjustment mat 9, and the greening base 17 are formed as units, and the unit drainage mat 5a, the unit drainage adjustment mat 9a, and the unit greening base 17a intersect. Arranged at a position corresponding to the position. Next, the unit drain mats 5 a are arranged on the base surface 3.

  Then, a sheet-like root-proof sheet 7 is placed on the unit drain mat 5a. At this time, the fixing metal 42 is covered so as to avoid the bolt portion. Then, the unit drainage adjustment mat 9a and the unit greening base 17a are overlapped on the root prevention sheet 7, and a press plate is fastened to the bolt portion of the fixing bracket 42 to press and fix the unit greening base 17a. Since the fixing bracket 42 is located at the intersection of each unit drainage mat 5a, the unit drainage adjustment mat 9a, and the unit greening base 17a, the four unit greening bases 17a can be pressed and fixed with one fixing bracket. ing.

As described above, according to the present embodiment, the drainage mat 5, the root prevention sheet 7, the drainage adjustment mat 9, the greening base 17, and the soil layer 19 are provided on the base surface 3 of the building structure 1. The greening layered structure 21 is formed by layering, and in particular, the drainage adjustment mat 9 and the root-preventing sheet 7 can prevent the uneven distribution of water, average the amount of water, and promote the growth of roots and stems. An environment suitable for the growth of roots and stems is formed.
Then, by planting the perennial plant 23 on the greening layered structure 21, the growth of the roots (curms) 40 is efficiently promoted, so that the roots and stems of the perennial plants 23 are greened by the growth of the roots and stems of the perennial plants 23. The greening base 17 and the drainage adjustment mat 9 are joined together like a single mat by being entangled in the base 17 and extending to the drainage adjustment mat 9 so that the greening laminated structure 21 is firmly attached. It can withstand strong winds such as typhoons, is resistant to environmental changes, and can be planted throughout the seasons.

  Furthermore, according to the present embodiment, the drainage adjustment mat 9 and the greening base 17 are formed by the unit drainage adjustment mat 9a and the unit greening base 17a, respectively, and are formed in the unit drainage adjustment mat 9a and the unit greening base 17a. , The drainage control mat 9 is integrated as a single mat layer, and the greening base 17 is integrated as a single mat layer. To do.

  Moreover, by integrating the layer of the greening base 17 and the layer of the drainage adjustment mat 9 in which the roots (rice stalks) 40 are entangled with each other and stacked in the vertical direction, and are integrated in the vertical direction, By being integrated with the left-right direction (refer to the state where the roots (curves) 40 of FIG. 1 are entangled and integrated with each other), a stronger greening structure 25 can be formed. As a result, the greening structure 25 that can be easily constructed and can withstand strong winds such as typhoons is obtained.

The size of the drainage mat 5, the drainage adjustment mat 9 and the greening base material to be unitized is preferably 1 m × 1 m or 1 m × 0.5 m, but the size is not particularly limited.
Also, the drainage adjustment mat 9 has been described with the mesh sheet 15 interposed between the two layers of synthetic resin fiber felt mats 11, 13. Two layers may be interposed.

  According to the present invention, a drainage adjustment mat that prevents the uneven distribution of water and averages the amount of water to promote the growth of roots and stems is formed, and an environment suitable for the growth of perennial plants is formed. By planting perennial plants in the soil layer, the growth of roots or stems is promoted, and the greening laminate structure tends to become a strong integrated structure due to entanglement of the roots or stems, and the greening laminate structure becomes a strong structure. Can withstand strong winds such as typhoons. Furthermore, the perennial plants can be used to appreciate the plants throughout the four seasons, making them suitable for use in greening structures such as rooftops of buildings and balconies.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Building structure 3 Base surface 5 Drainage mat 7 Root prevention sheet 9 Drainage adjustment mat 11 Upper felt mat 13 Lower felt mat 15 Mesh sheet 17 Greening base 21 Greening laminated structure 23 Perennial plant 25 Greening structure 29 Border 33 Drain pipe Cap 35 Drain pipe 40 Root (rice stalk)

Claims (4)

A greening structure constructed on the foundation surface of a building structure,
A drainage mat composed of a three-dimensional network structure entangled with synthetic resin fibers laid on the base surface, and a synthetic resin fiber nonwoven structure stacked on the drainage mat, and the flow of excess water to the drainage mat A root-preventing sheet that prevents the root from extending to the drainage mat below, a drainage adjustment mat that is stacked on the root-prevention sheet and comprises a synthetic resin fiber felt mat layer, and the drainage adjustment mat. A greening base comprising a three-dimensional network structure in which stacked synthetic resin fibers are entangled, and a customer soil layer laminated on the greening base and a customer soil layer entangled in the structure of the greening base are sequentially laminated to form the customer soil layer A greening structure characterized in that perennial plants are vegetated.   2. The greening structure according to claim 1, wherein the drainage adjustment mat comprises a three-layer structure having a synthetic resin fiber felt layer at the top and bottom and a synthetic resin mesh sheet provided therebetween.   2. The greening structure according to claim 1, wherein the perennial plant is a mixture of grass such as fescue, bahiagrass, alfalfa, white clover, purple clover, and perennial flowers such as tsubo coral, jaguar, and yam.   The drainage adjustment mat and the greening base are respectively constituted by a unit drainage adjustment mat and a unit greening base formed as a unit, and the roots or stems of the perennial plants are mutually connected in the unit drainage adjustment mat and the unit greening base. 2. The greening structure according to claim 1, wherein the unit drainage adjustment mat and the unit greening base are integrally joined to form a mat layer.

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