JP2002125451A - Greening construction method using vegetation mat - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a vegetation mat which can prevent soil-making materials such as gravel or sand from scattering or flowing out, and can well vegetate. SOLUTION: This greening construction method comprises laying a vegetation mat 4 on a base 1 through a coil-like drainage layer 2 and a root-preventing sheet 3, and further laying a cover (pressure member) 5 such as pressure gravel on the vegetation mat 4 through a prescribed sheet. The vegetation mat 4 is produced from felt or cellulose preliminarily containing vegetation seeds, activated carbon, a fertilizer, soil microbes and the like homogeneously scattered therein and further containing natural soil. The vegetation mat can prevent gravel or the like from scattering with wind or rain, can prevent soil from flowing out, and enables such a normal vegetation as designed.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION The disclosed technology belongs to a technical field that facilitates plant cultivation when greening a foundation such as a rooftop, a roof, a terrace, and a veranda.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art In the construction of surface materials such as a roof structure of a house, there are many structures in which a vegetation mat such as a sedum is laid, and it has been spread worldwide from Germany, which made the original invention, In Japan, the recent greening standards have recently been revised, and this trend is expected to spread nationwide, indicating signs of fashion.However, thinning greening of sloped roofs in Japan is limited to holding down by concrete etc. Are mechanically different and have various problems.

[0003]

As a type of the system, there are generally a drainage mat type and a bottom irrigation type. For example, a sedum or the like belonging to the genus Kirinaceae is applied to the surface layer of the sloped roof through a waterproof sheet. Soil or gravel laid on the surface layer of the soil layer on which the vegetation mat is based is scattered by heavy rain such as a typhoon or intense sunshine such as dry weather, causing significant damage. Therefore, there is a drawback that the durability is poor, there is a disadvantage that frequent maintenance is required to deal with the drawback, and there is also a disadvantage that the cost is increased as a result. And there was also a difficulty that construction of the conventional vegetation mat was difficult.

[0004] However, there is a demerit that the vegetation mat, which is the basis of vegetation, is regularly damaged due to non-regular runoff due to rainfall and the like, and it is not possible to achieve a thin greening that can always be maintained.

[0005] To cope with this, a vegetation system has been developed in which a wire mesh is laid by solidifying the gravel and soil, but it has a problem that it cannot be said to be sufficient. Moreover, the conventional vegetation mat was difficult to construct.

[Object of the invention]

The object of the invention of this application is to ensure the vegetation of thin-layer greening on the base based on the above-mentioned prior art, and to reduce runoff of soil and transpiration of water, which is easy to carry out and has high durability. Use of excellent vegetation mats that benefit the greening technology application field in the construction industry by simplifying the installation of vegetation mats to ensure that the thinning greening as designed is maintained for the facing material. The proposed greening method will not be provided.

[0007]

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION In order to solve the above-mentioned problems, a structure of the present invention for laying a greening base material of a vegetation mat on a base in order to solve the above-mentioned problems. A method of construction, based on the fact that the greening substrate includes a vegetation mat in which plants have been cultivated in advance,
Thus, the lowermost layer of the greening substrate includes a drainage layer,
The revegetation base material contains soil, the root layer is contained above the drainage layer, and if all or a part of the plants on the vegetation mat is poorly grown, the growth of the poorly grown plant is reduced. A part of the plant is sowed to regenerate the plant, and the drainage layer is made of synthetic fiber, soil or gravel, and the layer containing soil contains seeds, land conditioners, reinforcing materials (cores). Materials), packing materials, fertilizers, soil bacteria, and particles of carbon compounds, and the thickness of the vegetation mat should be 2 to 300 mm. The vegetation mat is provided with a weight having a specific gravity of 1.3 or more on the vegetation mat.
-30 kg / m ² , the weight of the vegetation mat is 1-50 kg / m ² , and seeds, land conditioners, water retention agents, fertilizers, soil bacteria, And if the root protection layer is fibrous or / and / or porous, and is made of synthetic fiber, synthetic plastic sheet, non-woven fabric, natural fiber, or paper. It has taken technical measures.

[0008]

In the above construction, when greening is performed on the surface of a base such as a rooftop, a roof, or a terrace, a drainage mat combining a coil or a plastic fiber and a nonwoven fabric is used.
Lay the natural soil with the root protection sheet and soil improvement material to a specified thickness, spread it in advance in a cultivation field, and scatter seeds, activated carbon, and fertilizer on a vegetation mat that combines felt and cellulose. Then, a cover (pressing body) such as a presser gravel or the like as a pressing body on the upper surface of the vegetation mat is placed and laid, and germination and rooting from seeds are carried out in the soil mat. It grows roots, absorbs moisture and nutrients, grows and grows as vegetation, sprouts out of the cover (pressing body) of gravel, etc., and during this time rainfall invades the cover (pressing body) of the gravel and soil mat. Through the see-through drainage layer, it is drained in a predetermined manner. Also, it is possible to prevent scattering and outflow due to the presence of a cover (pressing body) such as gravel and the like even by rain and wind, and all or a part of the above plants are In the case of poor growth, sow the plant and plant In which it was to improve the playback.

[0009]

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

Next, an embodiment of the invention of the present application will be described with reference to the drawings as an embodiment.

The embodiment shown in FIG. 1 is a basic embodiment of the invention of the present application, and is made of general fibers obtained by combining rigid plastic or non-woven fabric directly on the roof, roof or terrace 1 as a green base. A root sheet 3 having water permeability through the created drainage layer 2 is laid, natural soil and soil amendment material are processed on the upper part thereof in a predetermined manner, and a predetermined thin layer is formed in advance in a curing field. The cultivated vegetation mat 4 is laid, and a gravel or the like of a holding body 5 such as a cover (press body) such as a press gravel is laid in an upper part of the vegetation mat 4 in an evenly distributed manner. The plant 6 vegetated from seeds mixed with fertilizer, activated carbon, and the like mixed in the roots grows with roots.

When all or a part of the plant on the vegetation mat becomes poorly grown due to drying and nutritional deficiency, the plant is regenerated by sowing a part of the plant, for example, a stem in the case of sedum, in the poorly grown part. be able to. In this case, it is preferable to cover with a protective sheet after dispersing soil and gravel before and / or after distributing a part of the plant. As this protective sheet, a non-woven fabric containing rayon, cellulose and the like is preferable. In particular, a sheet such as a component-resolvable magic sheet (trade name) is preferable.

The embodiment shown in FIG. 2 is basically the same as the embodiment shown in FIG. 1, and a drainage layer 2 made of a nonwoven fabric is placed on a base 1 such as a rooftop, a roof or a terrace. A mode in which a vegetation mat 4 'made of felt is laid directly on the root protection sheet 3 via a root protection sheet 3 made of a predetermined resin, and a cover (pressing body) 5 such as a pressing gravel is placed and laid on the surface thereof. In addition, at a predetermined height position of a vegetation mat 4 'in which vegetation and activated carbon, fertilizer, and the like are scattered and mixed, a reinforcing material (core material) sheet 7 is interposed and laid. The seeds in the vegetation mat 4 'as well as germinate and root, absorb moisture and nutrients to become vegetation 6, and the rooftop, roof, terrace, and veranda 1 substrate do not exclude any growth of the vegetation 6. The vegetation mat 4 'is thicker than the embodiment of FIG. Since the reinforcing material (core material) sheet 7 is interposed, the proof strength is sufficiently enhanced, and the outflow of sand, gravel, etc. by the cover (pressing body) 5 such as pressurizing gravel is prevented. The effect is unchanged.

The soil (root zone) 3 of the root protection layer manufactured by mixing the soil of the invention of the present application and a soil improving material.
Should be about 15 to 60 mm,
It has the function of mainly supplying water and nutrients when seeds grow and take root.

Thus, the vegetation mats 4, 4 '
May be formed by, for example, unrolling the rolled material from the roll state.

[0016] Sedum and herb seeds are a presser body of a cover (presser body) such as a presser gravel. 5 Magic sheet (trade name)
It grows by sprouts out of the gaps of the mesh covered by. At that time, the magic sheet and the like are entangled and melted.

In the embodiment shown in FIG. 3, the greening method for the road edge or the median strip of the road has a thickness of 1%.
This is a mode in which gravel and gravel 9 of 0 cm or more are laid, and the vegetation mat 4 ″ of the invention of this application is laid thereon. In this case, the drainage mat 10 can be omitted.

Then, a sedum sheet is laid on the vegetation mat 4 '' via a root protection sheet 11, and a magic sheet 13 is laid on the sedum sheet.

The magic sheet 11 is a mixture of a water-soluble polymer adhesive and rayon and a water-soluble polymer, and the adhesive is dissolved every time it rains and released onto the uneven surface of the sedum sheet 12. The surface is entangled to maintain the conformation.

In the above configuration, vegetation mats 4 and 4 having vegetation 6 laid on a base 1 such as a rooftop, a roof or a terrace.
By laying the ′ and 4 ″, sand and gravel are prevented from being scattered or flowing out due to rain and wind, greening can be performed on the base 1 as designed, and time can be improved. In addition, the greening is sufficiently maintained.

The roots protruding into the vegetation mats 4, 4 ′, 4 ″ are the root protection laid via the drainage layer 2 between the vegetation mats 4, 4 ′, 4 ″ and the base 1. There is no occurrence of entanglement with the base 1 via the sheet 3, and when the pressing force is applied by wind pressure such as storm, the pressing body 5 is placed on the vegetation mats 4, 4 ′, 4 ″. It is possible to prevent scattering and outflow with sufficient strength and rigidity by setting.

The thickness of the vegetation mats 4, 4 ', 4 "is preferably 2 to 300 mm, more preferably 2 to 100 mm, further preferably 2 to 60 mm, and more preferably 2 to 30 mm.
Is particularly preferred.

It is preferable that the vegetation mats 4, 4 ', 4''also comprise two or more layers.

The thickness of the uppermost layer is preferably 2 to 300 mm, more preferably 2 to 100 mm, further preferably 2 to 60 mm, and particularly preferably 2 to 30 mm.

In this case, the vegetation mats 4, 4 'preferably comprise two or more layers. The soil conditioner, water retention agent, fertilizer, soil bacteria,
It is preferable that the amount per volume of the particles composed of carbon and carbon compound is smaller than the amount of the uppermost layer.

The content of the particles comprising the above-mentioned land conditioner, water retention agent, fertilizer, soil fungus, and carbon compound per volume of these layers is preferably 50% or less, more preferably 20% or less, based on the content of the uppermost layer. The following is further preferable, and 10% or less is more preferable.

Preferred conditions for the vegetation mat of the present invention include peat moss, perlite, vermiculite, diatomaceous earth composition, bark, perlite, zeolite,
Pumice such as rock wool, sponge, coconut shell, crypto moss, Hidaka sand, waste paper components, natural organic matter in plant room (peet moss sawdust, rice husk, bagasse, thinning), moss powder, palm pulp powder, pulp fiber, seed linter, Layered clay mineral, porous chamber mineral, zeolite (zeolite), montmorillonite clay mineral, porous chamber mineral (silica, alumina, whisker, etc., sediment like diatomaceous earth) 5 mm or less, polyethylene oxide, polyurethane , Vinyl acetate, acrylic resin and copolymers thereof, JP-A-10-1
Polymers described in 91777, 1281081, 94729, coffee residue, resin-coated fertilizer, poorly water-soluble fertilizer, granular organic fertilizer (Mari (trade name)), mycorrhizal fungi, nitrogen fixing bacteria, VA mycorrhizal fungi, azo fungi, azospirillum (Dr. Kinkon (trade name)), Frankia, legume rhizobia, brio species, sedums, herbs, bryophytes, cuttings, bulbs, rhizomes, leaf cuttings, charcoal, activated carbon, stone, rubble,
Concrete, etc., and fiber coarse materials are natural fibers such as cotton, hemp, cellulose, jute, wool, silk, etc., recycled fibers such as carbon fiber, acetate, rayon, and synthetic fibers such as polyester, polyamide (nylon), and acrylic. .

Natural fibers such as cotton, hemp, cellulose, jute, wool and silk, carbon fibers of synthetic fibers, and recycled fibers such as acetate and rayon are more preferable, and cotton, hemp, cellulose, jute, rayon and acetate are more preferable. , Cotton, hemp, cellulose and jute are particularly preferred. Preferably, the rigid layer contains jute.

Preferred soil conditioners of the invention of this application are peat moss, perlite, vermiculite,
Pumice such as diatomaceous earth composition, bark, perlite, zeolite, rock wool, sponge, coconut shell, cryptomos, Hidaka sand, etc.
, 4 ″ by 0.1 to 10%, preferably 0.1 to 10%.
More preferred is 5 to 5%.

The preferred water retaining agent of the invention of this application is a waste paper component of a silicate compound as described above, a natural organic matter in a plant room (peat moss sawdust, rice husk, bagasse, thinning), moss powder, palm pith powder, pulp fiber, Seed linter, layered clay mineral,
Porous chamber minerals, zeolites (zeolites), montmorillonite clay minerals, porous chamber minerals (crystalline compounds such as silica, alumina, whiskers, and sediments such as diatomaceous earth)
m, polyethylene oxide, polyurethane, vinyl acetate, acrylic resin and copolymers thereof,
Polymer B described in 191777, 1281081, 94729. The particle size is 0.0001-15
mm is preferable, and 0.001 to 3 mm is preferable. The added amount is preferably 0.1 to 10%, more preferably 0.5 to 5%, based on the weight of the vegetation mat.

Further, the preferred fertilizers of the invention of this application are coffee scum, resin-coated fertilizer, poorly water-soluble fertilizer, and granular organic fertilizer (Mari (trade name)) as described above. It is preferably 0.1 to 10%, more preferably 0.5 to 5%, by weight of 4 ', 4''.

Preferred soil fungi of the invention of this application are also mycorrhizal fungi, nitrogen-fixing bacteria, VA mycorrhizal fungi, azo fungi,
Azospirillum (Dr. Kincon (trade name)), Frankia, legume rhizobia and brio species are added in an amount of 0.1 to 10%, preferably 0.5 to 5%, based on the weight of the vegetation mat. %.

The particles comprising the preferred carbon compound of the invention of this application are also charcoal, activated carbon, graphite and non-graphite carbon materials as described above. The amount of addition is preferably 0.1 to 10%, more preferably 0.5 to 5%, based on the weight of the vegetation mat.
The particle size is preferably 0.01 to 50 μm,
1 to 15 μm is preferred. The specific surface area is 0.1 to 30
0 m ² / g are preferred, 1-30 m ² / g is more preferable. The plants used in the invention of this application are preferably sedums, herbs, and mosses. Sedums are particularly preferred.

It is preferable to mix two or more types of plants, more preferably three types, and particularly preferably five or more types. When they are mixed, it is preferable to combine a plurality of varieties even if they are resistant to high and low temperatures, those that are resistant to drying and those that are resistant to high temperature, and one kind of sedum. Examples of preferred combinations include sedums, herbs, and bryophytes, but particularly preferred combinations are those of Sedum Album, Nagasa Manngusa, Sedum Sprume, Taito Gome, Mexican Manngusa, and Sedums (listing the best ones currently available from DOKO). It is.

The drainage layer 2 used in the present invention is not limited to the fiber layer, but may be a coil made of synthetic resin.

The weight used as the presser 5 in the invention of this application is preferably gravel, metal or the like, and its specific gravity is 1.3 or more, more preferably 1.5 or more.

The root preventing layer 3 used in the present invention is preferably a nonwoven fabric, and particularly preferably a water-permeable nonwoven fabric. The thickness is preferably from 0.1 to 10 mm, particularly preferably from 0.1 to 10 mm.

The vegetation mat of the invention of this application is 1 to 5 in a greenhouse.
It is preferable to cultivate for 6 months. It is preferable that the cultivation of the vegetation mat is completed within 4 months after the stems, roots and leaves are scattered, more preferably within 3 months, particularly preferably within 2 months. For this reason, it is preferable to control the substantial sunshine duration under different conditions depending on the plant. Growth of 6 months or more is susceptible to pests and diseases, which is not preferable.

When the base is inclined at an angle of 5 degrees or more, it is preferable to use a greening base material that does not include the drainage layer 2. In this case, the greening base material preferably has two or more layers, more preferably four or more layers, and particularly preferably six or more layers. In this case, it is preferable to have a water supply system. This water supply is preferably 3 to 100 liters / day · m ^2, more preferably 3 to 50 liters / day · m ² , particularly preferably 3 to 10 liters / day · m ² . If the amount is too large, weeds grow and the plant is susceptible to pests. If the amount is too small, the plants die and are not preferred.

In the above structure, when cultivating the vegetation 6 on the roof, terrace, veranda or the like of the building structure of the base 1, first, the drainage layer 2 is laid on the upper surface of the base 1, and the drainage layer 2 A vegetation mat 4 containing sedum seeds, fertilizers, moisture, etc., on which a reinforcing material 7 or the like is interposed via a root protection layer 3 on the upper surface, is cured in advance in a cultivated field, germinated, and a vegetation 6 is grown. The vegetation 6 is grown over time by scatteredly laying the pressing body 5 on the surface.

Then, the germination and rooting from the vegetation mat are grown through the minute gaps of the pressing body 5 in the early stage of cultivation. In this way, the vegetation 6 is uniformly greened on the terrace 1 such as a roof or the veranda base 1 as a building structure.

[0042]

As described above, according to the invention of this application, the vegetation is cultivated on a vegetation mat in advance in a vegetation mat or the like in a construction method for greening a base such as a rooftop, a roof or a terrace. The mat can be spread on the improved material, and the excellent effect that the greening work is extremely easy is achieved.

In addition, the vegetation mat has good water permeability due to precipitation and the like, and a drainage layer having good water permeability such as a coil or a plastic is interposed between the soil improvement material and the vegetation mat. An excellent effect that root rot and the like do not occur is exhibited.

Since the root-prevention sheet is interposed on the drainage layer, there is also an effect that there is no danger that the root portion of the vegetation grows entangled with the base portion.

Further, since the cover (pressing body) such as the pressing gravel or the like uses an average weight having a specific gravity of 1.3 or more, there is an effect that scattering and outflow due to wind and rain can be further prevented.

In addition, since activated carbon and fertilizer are dispersedly mixed with seeds in the vegetation mat, an excellent effect of vegetation can be achieved without adding soil or the like.

Further, since the root-prevention sheet is fibrous and / or multi-porous and is made of synthetic fiber or synthetic plastic sheet, creeping or the like can be performed in the vegetation mat until it reaches an improved material. Therefore, an excellent effect that the vegetation growth length can be sufficiently expected is exerted.

Further, by producing the vegetation mat so as to include two or more fiber materials, there is an effect that the strength and rigidity are higher than that of a single fiber.

Further, the vegetation mat contains particles made of a carbon compound in advance, and has seeds and a soil improving material,
Furthermore, since the vegetation mat contains water-retaining material, fertilizer, and the like and is scattered, the vegetation mat has an excellent effect of being able to perform a self-cleaning action over time, similarly to soil bacteria and carbon compounds.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view of another embodiment.

FIG. 3 is a schematic sectional view of another embodiment.

[Explanation of symbols]

 1, 4, 4 ', 4 "vegetation mat 2 drainage layer

 ────────────────────────────────────────────────── ─── Continued on the front page F term (reference) 2B022 AB04 BA01 BA02 BA03 BA04 BA06 BA07 BA11 BA12 BA14 BA16 BA18 BA21 BA23 BB02 BB03 2B051 AB01 AC02 BA02 BA06 BA07 BA09 BA16 CB08 CB26 CB35 2D044 DA12

Claims (14)

[Claims] 1. A greening method in which a greening substrate is laid on a substrate, wherein the greening substrate includes a vegetation mat in which a plant has been cultivated in advance. 2. The vegetation according to claim 1, wherein when all or part of the plant is poorly grown, a part of the plant is cut off and sown to complete the vegetation of all the plants. Greening method using mat. 3. The greening method according to claim 1, wherein said greening base material is laid on an upper part of a drainage layer provided on an upper surface of the base. 4. The greening method according to claim 1, wherein the greening base material contains soil. 5. The greening method according to claim 1, further comprising a root protection layer above the drainage layer. 6. The revegetation method according to claim 5, wherein the drainage layer is made of synthetic fiber, soil or gravel. 7. The soil-containing layer contains any one of particles consisting of seeds, land conditioners, reinforcing materials (core materials), packing materials, fertilizers, soil bacteria and carbon compounds. Greening method according to any one of to 6 above. 8. The greening method according to claim 1, wherein said vegetation mat has a thickness of 2 to 300 mm. 9. The greening method according to claim 1, wherein the vegetation mat has a structure of two or more layers. 10. The greening method according to claim 1, wherein a weight having a specific gravity of 1.3 or more is used as a pressing body on the vegetation mat at a weight of 1 to 30 kg / m ² . 11. The weight of the vegetation mat is 0.1 to 5 kg.
/ M < ² >, The greening method according to any one of claims 1 to 10. 12. The method according to claim 1, wherein said soil-containing layer contains any one of particles consisting of seeds, land conditioners, water retention agents, fertilizers, soil bacteria, and carbon compounds.
A greening method according to any one of 12 above. 13. The revegetation method according to claim 12, wherein the root-preventing layer is fibrous or / and porous, and is made of any one of synthetic fiber, synthetic plastic sheet, non-woven fabric, natural fiber and paper. 14. The method according to claim 1, wherein when all or a part of said plant is poorly grown, a part of said plant is cut off and sown to complete all vegetation of said plant.
A greening method using the vegetation mat described in any of them.