JP2001190154A - Method for culturing crop and agent for improving quality of crop - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a technique for culturing a crop, preferably a vegetable, especially a leaf vegetable such as Spinacia olerecea, by which the crop whose nitrate and oxalate contents are reduced on harvest and which has an improved quality can be obtained. SOLUTION: This method for culturing a crop is characterized by applying a proper amount of acetic acid or an acetate from the first time of a culture period or at least at the last time of the culture period on the cultivation of the crop. The method can be applied to both a hydroponics and a soil culture, but is highly suitable for the hydroponics from a point that the control of the application amount is easy. The acetic acid or the acetate is preferably added in a concentration of 0.1 to 4 mM/L in terms of acetic acid. For the soil culture, it is convenient to add the acetic acid or the acetate as a mixture with a soil conditioner and (or) a fertilizer containing at least one active ingredient. The acetic acid or the acetate is applied as a topdressing or as basal dressing and the topdressing in a total amount of 10 to 150 kg/10 in terms of the acetic acid.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to an improvement in a method for growing crops, particularly vegetables. The present invention provides a cultivation method capable of harvesting crops in which the contents of nitrate and oxalic acid are reduced, the contents of vitamins and minerals are increased, the sugar content is increased, and the quality is improved. . The invention also relates to a quality improving agent that provides such crops.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art In growing crops by hydroponics, nutrients such as nitrogen, phosphoric acid, potassium, calcium,
In addition to magnesium and sulfur, trace elements such as manganese, iron, zinc, molybdenum, boron and copper are dissolved in water in the form of nitrates, hydrochlorides, sulfates or ammonium salts and given to crops. A standard nutrient solution formulation is known as a “horticultural test site formulation” (commonly referred to as a “horticultural trial formulation”), and various modifications thereof are used as necessary.

[0003] On the other hand, the nutrient supply method in soil cultivation uses mineral resources containing the above essential components as raw materials, except for so-called organic fertilizers, and processes them or obtains urea by synthesis. , Nitrates, hydrochlorides, sulfates, ammonium salts, carbonates, silicates and other forms of fertilizer,
They are designed and used according to the type of crop and soil. If the pH of the soil is not in the preferred range, a soil conditioner or the like for adjusting the pH to a desired level is also used together with the fertilizer.

[0004] Plants generally have a strong tendency to retain a significant proportion of the incorporated nitrogen in the body in the form of nitric acid. However, nitric acid is liable to combine with other components, for example, certain amines, in the ingested human body to form a substance suspected of being carcinogenic. Therefore, it is desirable that the nitrate content in the harvested crop be low.

[0005] Leafy vegetables such as spinach accumulate a large amount of oxalic acid in the body. Oxalic acid is a substance that causes calculi and should not be consumed in large quantities. Fortunately, oxalic acid dissolves about half by boiling the plant, and the amount remaining in food decreases,
The traditional form of food, such as dashi, avoids the harm of oxalic acid considerably. However, considering that the tendency to eat vegetables is increasing in recent years, it is desirable to reduce the oxalic acid content in vegetables as much as possible.

[0006] As a cultivation method for obtaining a crop of low nitric acid and low oxalic acid, when using hydroponics, a nutrient interruption method for limiting the nutrient to be supplied and an osmotic pressure regulator for suppressing the absorption of water are used. I have. Apart from these, early harvesting, where harvesting occurs before the concentration of the component in question increases, is also being considered. To achieve the purpose of low nitric acid and low oxalic acid in cultivation by soil cultivation, it is necessary to limit the use of fertilizer in the form of nitrate, and to use chemical fertilizer in which nitrate form of nitrogen acts slowly. Use in combination with fertilizer is a countermeasure.
Of course, early harvest is also possible.

[0007] To give an example of means known so far,
Tokuho 7-102051 is a certain period before harvesting,
Disclosed is a hydroponic method in which vegetables are cultivated using a hydroponic fertilizer solution containing little or no nitrate nitrogen to consume and grow the remaining nitrate nitrogen inside the vegetables. However, most vegetables are nitrite plants, and cultivation methods that do not give nitrate nitrogen too early will slow down the growth and limit the growth.
The yield is low.

There is also a hydroponic method in which the nitrogen source is used in the form of ammonia instead of nitrate. Vegetables are nitrite plants, but if ammonia nitrogen is present, it can also partially absorb it. Therefore, attempts have been made to increase the proportion of ammonia nitrogen as a nitrogen source in the nutrient solution to actively absorb ammonia nitrogen and reduce the nitrate content of plants. However, this method tends to cause poor growth and does not lead to a significant quality improvement.

In the case of soil cultivation, it is difficult to employ the above-mentioned method for hydroponics. Even if the nitrogen source is in the form of urea or ammonia, it is subjected to nitrification by microorganisms in the soil, and if nitrogen in the air is oxidized, it becomes nitric acid, dissolves in rainwater and falls to the ground. Therefore, it is practically impossible to grow crops under conditions in which nitric acid has been removed from the soil.

[0010]

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION An object of the present invention is to cultivate crops, especially vegetables, whether by hydroponics or soil cultivation, by removing nitric acid and oxalic acid contained in crops at the time of harvesting. It is an object of the present invention to provide a crop cultivation method capable of obtaining a crop with reduced quality and improved quality.
An object of the present invention also includes providing a quality improving agent which gives a crop of which quality is improved by reducing the content of nitric acid and oxalic acid by application when cultivating the crop.

[0011]

The crop cultivation method of the present invention which achieves the above object is a crop cultivation method capable of harvesting crops of improved quality, comprising: Or a crop cultivation method characterized by harvesting a crop having a reduced content of nitric acid and oxalic acid by applying an appropriate amount of acetic acid or acetate at least at the end.

The crop quality improving agent of the present invention used in this cultivation method is obtained by mixing acetic acid or acetate with a fertilizer and / or a soil improving agent containing at least one active ingredient. It is a quality improving agent that gives a crop with a reduced content of nitric acid and oxalic acid when applied during cultivation.

[0013]

BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION As the acetate, one or more selected from potassium acetate, ammonium acetate, calcium acetate and magnesium acetate are used.

The crop quality improving agent of the present invention can be in the form of a liquid, typically a nutrient solution used for hydroponics or a liquid fertilizer used for soil cultivation. The form of powder or granules used for soil cultivation is also possible.

The method for cultivating a crop according to the present invention can be applied to both hydroponic and soil cultivation methods. Tillage is more suitable. In the case of the hydroponic method, it is preferable to cultivate using a nutrient solution of a normal formulation until the beginning and halfway of the cultivation period, and from the middle, use a nutrient solution containing acetic acid or acetate as an active ingredient. . This switch may take place between 1-10 days prior to harvest, preferably 2 days.
Perform between ~ 3 days.

The amount of acetic acid or acetate to be contained in the nutrient solution is preferably in the range of 0.1 to 4 mM / L in terms of acetate ion concentration. If the concentration is lower than 0.1 acetate ion, the use of acetic acid or acetate is not significant, and the effects of the invention cannot be obtained. On the other hand, if the amount of acetate ions is too large, the growth of the crop may be suppressed. 4 mM / L
Concentrations higher than are often harmful. A suitable acetate ion concentration varies slightly depending on the type of crop, but is usually in the range of 1 to 3 mM / L.

When cultivating a crop by the soil cultivation method, from the beginning of the cultivation period or during the middle of the cultivation period, if the present invention is carried out using a fertilizer or a soil conditioner to which acetic acid or an acetate is added, the spraying is performed. There is no need to increase the number of steps, which is advantageous. If the number of spraying operations does not matter, it is a matter of course that they can be given separately. When applied from the beginning, that is, for example, when acetic acid or acetate is given to both the original manure and the top fertilizer, the acetic acid is used, and the original manure is 5 to 75 kg / 10 ares each time, and 10 to 1 in total of several times.
50 kg / 10 ares is appropriate, and top dressing is 5 to 50 kg / 10 ares per time, and 10 to 10 times in total
0 kg / 10 ares is appropriate.

The cultivation method of the present invention is particularly applicable to leafy vegetables and can be used to harvest crops having a reduced nitric acid content. However, the present invention is particularly useful for those having a high oxalic acid content such as spinach. Is high. It is known that crops with a high nitric acid content tend to have a high oxalic acid content.

[0019]

[Example 1] Hydroponic cultivation of spinach (No. 1) Nutrient solutions A and B were prepared according to the two types of formulations shown in Table 1.
Nutrient solution A is a garden test formulation, and nutrient solution B is acetic acid added to it according to the present invention.

Table 1 Composition Nutrient solution A Nutrient solution B Potassium nitrate 8.0 mM / L 8.0 mM / L Calcium nitrate 4.0 4.0 Ammonium dihydrogen phosphate 4/3 4/3 Magnesium sulfate 2.0 0 Acetic acid-1.0 Trace element: Mn 0.5 ppm 0.5 ppm Zn 0.05 0.05 Cu 0.02 0.02 Fe 33 Mo 0.01 0.01 B 0.5 0.5 Using the nutrient solution, spinach was hydroponically cultivated under the following conditions. The nutrient solution was changed every 2-3 days, and the pH was adjusted daily.

Section I: Nutrient solution A from seeding to harvesting
Section II Use nutrient solution A at first and switch to nutrient solution B 3 days before harvesting Cultivation period 35 days Number of plants 20 pH 6.0 each
Container 70L The harvested spinach was analyzed for the aerial part, and the contained components were quantified to obtain the results shown in Table 2.

Table 2 Compartment Vitamin C Ca Mg K Nitric acid Oxalic acid Above ground weight Dry matter Sugar content Section I 1,003 691 607 7,673 3,485 10,584 28.7 7.27 4.5 Section II 1,917 992 782 8,873 1,166 2,164 30.2 10.07 5.5 n = 12 Unit: Ground weight g / Strain Dry matter% Sugar content Brix Others ppm / fresh weight [Example 2] Hydroponic cultivation of spinach (No. 2) Nutrient solutions C and D were prepared according to the two formulations shown in Table 3.
Nutrient solution C is a modification of the horticultural trial formulation, and nutrient solution D is one in which a portion has been further replaced with acetate according to the present invention.

Table 3 Composition Nutrient solution C Nutrient solution D Potassium nitrate 5.5 mM / L 5.5 mM / L Potassium sulfate 1.25 0.75 Potassium acetate-1.0 Calcium nitrate 2.75 2.75 Calcium chloride 1. 25 0.75 Calcium acetate-0.5 Ammonium dihydrogen phosphate 4/3 4/3 Magnesium sulfate 1.25 0.75 Magnesium acetate-0.5 Trace element: Mn 0.5 ppm 0.5 ppm Zn 0.050 0.05 Cu 0.02 0.02 Fe 3 3 Mo 0.01 0.01 B 0.5 0.5 3 sections were provided, and the above-mentioned nutrient solution was used. Similarly, spinach was hydroponically cultivated.

Section III Use nutrient solution C consistently from sowing to harvesting Section IV Use nutrient solution C initially, switch to nutrient solution D 2 days before harvesting Section V Use nutrient solution C initially 2 days before harvest, switch to deionized water without nutrients Cultivation period 35 days Number of plants 20 pH 6.0 each
Container 70L After a cultivation period of 35 days, the harvested spinach was analyzed in the same manner as in Example 1, and the results shown in Table 4 were obtained.

Table 4 Compartment Vitamin C Ca Mg K Nitric acid Oxalic acid Above ground weight dry matter Sugar content Section III 1,166 531 736 7,601 3,885 9,095 25.5 8.88 5.1 Section IV 1,941 988 858 8,977 804 5,864 26.5 9.97 5.8 Section V 1,251 671 746 7,110 2,914 8,364 23.7 9.03 5.3 n = 12 Units: Same as above [Example 3] Cultivation of spinach in soil cultivation Three types of formulations with the application rate (unit kg / 10 ares) as shown in Table 5, (primary manure + soil improvement material) ) Was prepared. Mixture F is conventional and G and H are acetates instead of soil improvers or acetic acid added to conventional soil improvers according to the invention.

Table 5 Ingredients Mixture F Mixture G Mixture H Ordinary chemical fertilizer Nitrogen 15 15 15 Phosphoric acid 18 18 18 Potassium 15 15 15 Soil conditioner Calcium carbonate 50 50 Calcium acetate 79 ^* Acetic acid 50 * 79 kg of calcium acetate is 50 kg of calcium carbonate Same moles as.

Using a 30 L planter containing ordinary andosol, three sections are provided, and the above three kinds of mixtures are applied as follows. Section VI Mixture F Section VII Mixture G Section VIII Mixture H Spinach was grown. 20 shares each. Harvesting was performed after 42 days of cultivation and analyzed in the same manner as in Example 1 to obtain the results shown in Table 6.

Table 6 Compartment Vitamin C Ca Mg K Nitric acid Oxalic acid Above ground weight dry matter Sugar content Section VI 973 613 746 7,601 4,284 9,713 23.7 9.03 4.0 Section VII 1,942 992 858 8,792 817 5,422 24.8 9.44 4.5 Section VIII 1,714 763 811 8,545 922 5,779 25.2 9.49 4.4 n = 20 Unit: Same as above

[0029]

When the crop is grown in accordance with the method of the present invention, the contents of undesired substances in the crop, such as nitric acid, which forms a carcinogen, and oxalic acid, which causes calculus, are greatly reduced. , Crops with improved quality can be harvested. At the same time, the content of vitamin C and minerals, which are preferable components in the crop, can be increased. The decrease in bad components and the increase in active ingredients
Together, they help prevent modern-day illness and provide nutrition.

The increase in the dry matter content of the harvested crop means that vegetables having a high fiber content can be obtained. As is well known, fiber intake fuels metabolism and aids digestive activity.

The increase in the sugar content in the crop indicates that better vegetables can be provided in terms of taste.

The crop quality improving agent of the present invention can be easily applied to both hydroponic and soil cultivation, and can easily provide an effect.

──────────────────────────────────────────────────続 き Continued on the front page (51) Int.Cl. ⁷ Identification symbol FI Theme coat ゛ (Reference) C05G 3/00 C05G 3/00 Z 3/04 3/04 5/00 5/00 AZ C09K 17/14 C09K 17/14 H 17/16 17/16 H // C09K 101: 00 101: 00 F term (reference) 2B022 AA01 AB11 2B314 MA01 MA15 4H011 AB03 BA01 BA06 BB06 BB18 BC18 DA13 DD01 DD04 4H026 AA07 AB04 4H061 AA10 DD11 DD14 DD20 EE27 FF01 FF07 FF08 HH07 HH11 JJ03 JJ06 KK01 KK02 LL26

Claims (10)

[Claims] Claims 1. A method of cultivating a crop capable of harvesting a crop with improved quality, comprising:
Or a crop cultivation method characterized by harvesting a crop having a reduced content of nitric acid and oxalic acid by applying an appropriate amount of acetic acid or acetate at least at the end. 2. The cultivation of a crop is performed by a hydroponic method,
The crop cultivation method according to claim 1, wherein the crop is cultivated using a nutrient solution containing acetic acid or acetate as an active ingredient during the cultivation period. 3. The method for cultivating a crop by a hydroponic method according to claim 2, which is carried out using a nutrient solution having an acetate ion concentration of 0.1 to 4 mM / L. 4. The cultivation of the crop is by soil cultivation,
The method for cultivating a crop according to claim 1, wherein the cultivation is carried out from the beginning or during the cultivation period using a fertilizer or a soil conditioner to which acetic acid or acetate is added. 5. An amount of acetic acid or acetate (converted to acetic acid in the case of acetate) is 5 to 75 kg / 10.
The method for cultivating a crop by the soil cultivation method according to claim 4, wherein the crop is cultivated by being used so as to form a round. 6. The method for cultivating a crop according to claim 1, wherein the cultivated crop is spinach. 7. A fertilizer and / or a soil conditioner containing at least one active ingredient, which is mixed with acetic acid or an acetate, and applied for cultivation of a crop, whereby the nitrate content and the oxalic acid content are increased. A crop quality improver that gives crops with reduced minutes. 8. The crop quality improving agent according to claim 7, wherein the acetate is one or more selected from potassium acetate, ammonium acetate, calcium acetate and magnesium acetate. 9. The crop quality improving agent according to claim 7, which is in the form of a nutrient solution used for hydroponics or a liquid fertilizer used for soil cultivation. 10. The crop quality improving agent according to claim 7, which is in the form of powder or granules for use in soil cultivation.