WO2015199523A1

WO2015199523A1 - Fertiliser comprising magnesium acetate for providing the magnesium required by plants

Info

Publication number: WO2015199523A1
Application number: PCT/MX2014/000096
Authority: WO
Inventors: Enrique MUÑOZ MORATE
Original assignee: Laboratorios Quiver, S.A. De C.V.
Priority date: 2014-06-23
Filing date: 2014-06-23
Publication date: 2015-12-30

Abstract

The invention relates to a composition of a liquid fertiliser and to the method for producing the main product which is magnesium acetate, said magnesium acetate being produced from the reaction of magnesium carbonate diluted in water with the addition of acetic acid in a continually stirred reactor. The fertiliser produced substantially improves the absorption of magnesium in the plants to which it is applied. The invention relates to a novel product for agricultural use, which changes the maximum yield of the crop with minimal environmental impact, allows the reduction of the doses of fertilising units providing magnesium, and can be incorporated into the soil by means of fertilisation, via spray irrigation or via drip irrigation.

Description

FERTILIZER THAT INCLUDES MAGNESIUM ACETATE TO CONTRIBUTE THE MAGNESIUM REQUIRED BY THE VEGETABLES

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The present invention relates to a liquid fertilizer of mineral origin that provides magnesium to the soil and plants, which mainly uses magnesium acetate, which is produced by a high efficiency reaction system. BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

The application of fertilizers to the soil, or to the leaves of the vegetables, is currently a highly recommended practice in agriculture in order to maintain adequate mineral nutrition in the plants.

The ability of soils to supply some essential elements to plants is a fundamental problem in crop production.

To ensure that secondary nutrients and micronutrients that are applied to the soil through the use of fertilizers do not react forming compounds that prevent their assimilation, it is necessary that they be found in soils where there is a high cation exchange capacity. This is not always possible and sometimes when applied, they arrive in very small quantities or do not reach the plant at all, as they become non-assimilable compounds. This results in the need to use larger amounts of fertilizers, which is not very economical, and in the long term it can become toxic to the soil, in addition to causing its eutrophication and contamination of water bodies.

It is desirable that a fertilizer that provides magnesium maintain stable long-term solutions, so as not to form precipitates that could clog the application equipment.

Magnesium is one of the essential elements often ignored in modern fertilization, despite its importance as a structural constituent of the chlorophyll, is involved in assimilation, and from C02 and H20 is involved in more complex transformations and interrelationships with carbohydrates, lipids and proteins. Magnesium (Mg) plays an important role in the metabolism of phosphorus (P) in plants, and consequently, indirectly in the synthesis of proteins and lipids. Mg ++ ions appear to be specific activators of certain enzyme systems, especially those related to phosphorylation processes. The Mg ++ ion forms a bridge between the pyrophosphate structure of ATP and ADP and the enzyme molecule (Hengel and Kirby, 1979).

Mg is absorbed by plants as Mg ++ ion, absorption takes place in the soil or possibly as an exchange, and the amount of Mg absorbed may depend on factors such as: the total amount of Mg present in the soil, the type of clay, the nature of other exchange ions and the extraction power of the crop.

The Foundation for Agronomic Research and Potash and Phosphate Institute of Canada (1988) mentions that Mg helps in phosphate metabolism, plant respiration and the activation of numerous enzyme systems.

The same source states that the imbalance between calcium and magnesium in the soil accentuates magnesium deficiency. When the Ca / Mg ratio becomes very high, plants absorb less magnesium, magnesium deficiency can also come from high doses of potassium or nitrogen in the form of ammonium. It also states that magnesium deficiencies occur more frequently in coarse-textured soils and acid soils developed under high rainfall. Mg ++ deficiencies may occur in sandy soils or in soils with high ammonium (NH4 +) or high doses of potassium (K). The symptoms of magnesium deficiency appear first in the old leaves of the plant, due to the high mobility of the element within that plant. They initially appear as a slight yellowish discoloration, but the ribs remain green. In some crops, as the deficiency progresses It develops a reddish-purple color, but the ribs are still green.

In the oil palm begins a slight discoloration from the tip of the leaflets to the center of the leaf leaving the green ribs. In citrus fruits it is characterized by an intervenal yellowing in the leaves, leaving a portion of green tissue in the form of an inverted V in the base of the leaf.

These symptoms of magnesium deficiency result in the development of a chlorosis which is not surprising because it is a constituent of chlorophyll.

It is believed that magnesium is important in crop production. Celery harvest influences the value of the crop through the improvement of production quality.

When magnesium deficiency exists, the size of chlorella algae cells is reduced.

In California, sprinkles with magnesium nitrate applied in spring on orange trees, substantially increased the foliar concentration of magnesium, eliminated the symptoms of deficiency of this element in six months and deepened the green color of the leaves that showed no symptoms.

In tomatoes grown in soils with high potassium content, magnesium sprays were much more effective than soil applications in order to maintain normal green leaf pigmentation. Magnesium deficiencies occur frequently in acidic, sandy, calcium-deficient soils. In the growth stage, chlorosis appears at the tip of the lower leaves, evidencing between the ribs, but in advanced stages the whole leaf turns yellow, this symptom extends to the middle leaves. In the fruiting stage, chlorosis becomes more evident and the lower leaves of the plant become purple. The sources of magnesium that are normally used, depending on the type of soil are magnesium carbonates (dolomite), magnesium oxides and sulfates, which in addition to being a nutrient supply, contribute to decrease the acidity caused mainly by exchangeable aluminum AI3 + and the H + ions (acid soils).

It is known to use magnesium-containing fertilizers such as: Dolomite (CaC03), Epsom salt (MgS04, H20), Magnesium oxide (MgO), sulpomag (K2S04) and magnesium carbonate (MgC03). It is also known that in most fertilizations with magnesium, this is applied as carbonate, oxide or sulfate, but to decide a certain source of magnesium, it is necessary to know the chemical conditions of the soil and the requirements of the crop.

In high pH soils, MgS04, or Epsom or Kieserita salt is recommended.

The aspects of greatest environmental and technical interest are related to the acidification of the soil and the loss of the exchangeable bases of the exchangeable bases (Ca ++, Mg ++, K + and Na +). In this sense, nitrogen fertilizers play an important role, as their application generates a surplus of H +, which gradually replaces the bases.

The acidity caused by ammonium sulfate per unit of nitrogen applied is greater than that of ammonium nitrate and urea (Foth and Ellis, 1997). Evaluations of soil characteristics in various agroecosystems have found greater acidity and lower Ca ++ and Mg ++ contents in technified coffee plantations compared to traditional ones, trends that have been related to a greater use of nitrogen fertilizers (Sadeghian et al, 2001). Another important factor is the solubility of the fertilizer product that allows you to select the source of magnesium. Magnesium is important in soil fertilization for forage production. Increasing the potassium fertilization reduces the absorption of magnesium by plants and consequently the yield, but even more important in the fact that a low content of magnesium in the forage can cause health problems in animals that feed on it. The disease "tetanus of the grass" is related to the deficiency of magnesium in the diet of ruminants. There is consensus that this disease is the result of a low concentration of magnesium in the blood of animals. It seems that only ruminants are affected by this disease. The danger of gram tetanus is significantly reduced when the Mg level is greater than 0.20%.

Additionally, fertilizer applications containing Mg can increase the yield of forages considerably. Epsom salt is more soluble than Kieserite. Ammonium magnesium phosphate (MgNH4 POH20) is a slightly soluble salt used in the cultivation of vegetables.

Toxicity tests have also been carried out from various sources of magnesium, particularly used for coffee cultivation: magnesium chloride, magnesium sulfate and magnesium nitrate. It has been found that magnesium nitrate is more toxic than chloride and sulfate, in coffee cultivation. Similar results have been found for apple tree cultivation (Frester and Walker, 1955).

It is also not recommended a strong application of any sulfate at the same time as magnesium salts to the soil, because the sulfate ion reduces the absorption of magnesium Robinson and Chenery, 55).

In the cultivation of the vine it has been found that only magnesium chloride was significantly better than some compounds with magnesium, among which were sulfate and nitrate (Hagler, 1957). It has also been found that the application of Epsom salt (MgS04) did not correct magnesium deficiency in cocoa, despite applying five sprays (Boynton and Erickson, 1954). The purpose of the invention is to provide fertilizer formulations that provide magnesium to plants with improved efficiency, and a production method to achieve fertilizers that maintain the most stable and efficient forms of fertilization in the soil. In the state of the art documents have been located that present various fertilizer compositions that provide magnesium to the plants, but not in the form of magnesium acetate.

The international publication WO2013 / 076345 A1, refers to a fertilizer and method of obtaining from a mineral source that is rich in calcium oxides, magnesium and total carbonates.

In that invention, solid dolomite is placed inside a reactor and subjected to a pressure of C02 that can reach up to 11 bar. Once the solubility of dolomite is obtained, it quickly transforms into a liquid solution with calcium and magnesium ions, suitable for capture by the plant, and very high concentrations of bicarbonate ions produce an extremely rapid reaction in the soil, next to the root of the plant. It is known that when high concentrations of magnesium and calcium bicarbonate are applied, it is feasible to perform the application on the plant on the leaves so that they capture the product through the existing stomata in them. All the dispersion work on the leaves is done at the moment when the plant indicates it through its coloration, as it is explained extensively in previous lines.

It is also known that the spray of products that provide magnesium can be used as a sunscreen for plants. After application, and After the water evaporates, a white adherent film is deposited on the leaves. In hot weather places, this residual dust prevents the plant leaf from burning due to intense heat. The photosynthetic process of plants is more efficient with average levels of sunlight. In full sun, especially at noon, plants absorb much more energy than they can use. If a way to disperse the energy in a safe way is not found, the chlorophyll passes into an excited state, from which its energy can be transferred to oxygen resulting in a potent oxidant that can cause damage to the leaves.

Publication number QO201402025 A1 refers to a photoactive hybrid material that includes magnesium acetate in its composition and has application in the manufacture of pigments for paints, plastics or ceramics.

The present invention is an effort to address the problem around the effectiveness of the fertilizers that provide magnesium. In view of the fact that applications of magnesium to the soil have not been as effective, especially for the long time before obtaining a response.

DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

The magnesium acetate-based fertilizer of the present invention is embedded in high efficiency fertilizers that are defined as products with physical-chemical characteristics that minimize the potential for nutrient losses to the environment.

It is a purpose of the present invention to provide fertilizer formulations that provide magnesium with improved efficiency in its method of obtaining and that maintain the soil in a stable and efficient way in a nutritional content.

Accordingly, the invention in one embodiment has the following formulation in percentage by weight: Magnesium acetate - - 10.0 20%

Magnesium carbonate - 0.25 1.0%

Glacial acetic acid 0.5 2.0%

Magnesium Chloride— - 0.0 - - 4.0%

Water - - - Until 100% complete

In a preferred embodiment, the fertilizer described above may contain the following components:

Magnesium acetate— - 15.0%

Magnesium carbonate— 0.5%

1.0% glacial acetic acid

Water - - - - - 83.5%

The process for obtaining the liquid fertilizer described in the present invention includes the following steps:

one . Mix magnesium carbonate with water little by little, with continuous stirring, preferably at 400RPM, heating between 80 and 90 ° C. This operation can last up to 12 hours.

2. Add acetic acid (CH3COOH) to the above mixture, evenly, preferably in the form of drops, with continuous stirring in order to achieve the reaction between both compounds and form magnesium acetate and carbon dioxide (C02). Preferably heat the mixture between 80 and 90 ° C. The acetic acid will be added until a pH between 4.6 and 4.8 is obtained, preferably 4.7

3. Extract the carbon dioxide (CO2) formed by the reaction between magnesium carbonate and acetic acid. The carbon dioxide produced can increase the system pressure, therefore it must be extracted and stored in conventional pressure tanks. 4. Decant the mixture obtained after the reaction for 24 hours. In this stage the magnesium carbonate that did not react, will precipitate to the bottom of the reactor and the magnesium acetate obtained will be in the form of a solution. 5. Collect the solution obtained from magnesium acetate and other fertilizer components of the present invention, from the decanted product. Preferably said solution should be cooled to room temperature prior to packaging. 6. Reuse the product resulting from the insoluble part of the mixture, in the next reactor operation, in order to make the process of obtaining the fertilizer more efficient.

Claims

CLAIMS Having sufficiently described my invention, I consider as a novelty and therefore claim as my exclusive property, what is contained in the following clauses:

1 .- A fertilizer compound to increase the magnesium content of the plants where it is applied. Characterized by including the following components, in percentages by weight:

Magnesium acetate— 10.0 20%;

Magnesium carbonate 0.25 1.0%

Glacial acetic acid 0.5 2.0%

Magnesium Chloride 0.0 4.0%

Water Until 100% complete.

2. A fertilizer compound to increase the magnesium content in plants, according to claim 1 characterized by including the following components in a preferred formulation:

Magnesium acetate— 15.0%;

0.5% magnesium carbonate;

1.0% glacial acetic acid;

Water - 83.5%.

3. A fertilizer compound to increase the magnesium content in vegetables, according to the preceding claims, characterized by a solution with pH within the range of 4.6 to 4.8, preferably 4.7.

4. A process for obtaining fertilizer to increase the magnesium content in vegetables, according to the preceding claims, characterized by including the following steps: a) .- Mix magnesium carbonate with water, little by little and with continuous stirring; b) .- Add acetic acid (CH3COOH) to the previous mixture, in the form of drops, with continuous stirring and cause reaction until a pH between 4.6 and 4.8 is obtained, preferably 4.7; c) .- Extract the carbon dioxide (C02) formed by the reaction between magnesium carbonate and acetic acid; d) .- Decant the mixture obtained by the reaction for 24 hours; e) .- Collect the solution obtained from magnesium acetate from the insoluble part of the mixture; f) .- Reuse the decanted product (MgC03) in the next reactor operation;

5. A process for obtaining fertilizer to increase the content of magnesium in vegetables, according to claim 4, characterized in that the temperature of the process in stages a, b and c; It varies between 80 and 90 ° C.

6. A process for obtaining fertilizer to increase the magnesium content of plants, according to claims 4 and 5, characterized in that the solution extracted in step e, is cooled to room temperature.

7. A process for obtaining fertilizer to increase the magnesium content of vegetables, according to claims 4 and 5, characterized in that the total CO2 produced in the reaction is extracted and stored in pressure containers.

8. A method of obtaining fertilizer to increase the magnesium content in vegetables, according to the preceding claims, characterized by the use of vinegar instead of acetic acid.