CN105724216A

CN105724216A - Simple substrate culture method for greenhouse vegetables

Info

Publication number: CN105724216A
Application number: CN201610166906.XA
Authority: CN
Inventors: 巫东堂; 毛丽萍; 李改珍; 赵婧
Original assignee: Vegetable Research Institute Of Shanxi Academy Of Agriculture Sciences
Current assignee: Vegetable Research Institute Of Shanxi Academy Of Agriculture Sciences
Priority date: 2016-03-23
Filing date: 2016-03-23
Publication date: 2016-07-06

Abstract

The invention relates to a greenhouse vegetable culture method, in particular to a simple substrate culture method for greenhouse vegetables. The method solves the problems that for existing greenhouse vegetable culture, continuous cropping obstacles are serious, the fertilization difficulty of substrate culture is large, the cost is high, and operation processes are complex. The simple substrate culture method for the greenhouse vegetables comprises the following steps that 1, dried and smashed decomposed manure, humic acid and coconut chaff are selected and mixed to be uniform, and a substrate is prepared, wherein the substrate is prepared from, by mass, 40-50 parts of decomposed manure, 10-30 parts of humic acid and 30-40 parts of coconut chaff; 2, water is added to the substrate and stirred, and the substrate is directly put into culture grooves without being isolated; 3, vegetable planting is conducted. According to the simple substrate culture method for the greenhouse vegetables, the continuous cropping obstacle problem of conventional greenhouse soil culture is avoided; compared with the soil culture, the vegetables are early to mature, high in yield and good in quality, and the benefit is good; compared with conventional substrate culture, operation is easy, the cost is low, substrate raw materials are environmentally friendly, rich in source and sustainable in development; the simple substrate culture method for the greenhouse vegetables has the advantages of being simple, convenient, easy to carry out and low in cost.

Description

A kind of facilities vegetable simple substrate culture method

Technical field

The present invention relates to Installation Vegetable Cultivation method, be specially a kind of facilities vegetable simple substrate culture method.

Background technology

Facilities vegetable is one of pillar industry of China's agricultural industry, and the Main Economic income source of Ye Shi China vegetable grower, current facility area is stepped up, and yield of vegetables increases year by year.But in Sheng Chaning, cause facility continuous cropping obstacle owing to planting same vegetable year after year, seriously govern the production of facilities vegetable.The example of successful foreign shows, soilless culture is one of most effective, the most basic measure solving continuous cropping obstacle.

The research of China's facilities vegetable soilless culture is started late, but also achieves suitable achievement.Conventional in producing at present is substrate culture, the problem having that fertilizer application frequency is many, fertilizer ratio requirement strict, wasting time and energy in substrate high expensive, cultivation.

Summary of the invention

The present invention is to solve that existing utility vegetable growing exists continuous cropping obstacle serious, the substrate culture fertilising problem that difficulty is big, cost is high and operation sequence is complicated, it is provided that a kind of facilities vegetable simple substrate culture method.

The present invention adopts the following technical scheme that realization: a kind of facilities vegetable simple substrate culture method, use following steps: a, choose dry the decomposed manure after pulverizing, humic acid, coconut palm bran prepare substrate by following mass fraction than 40-50:10-30:30-40 mix homogeneously；B, substrate add water and are directly loadable into cultivation bed without isolation after mixing thoroughly；C, field planting vegetable.

Using decomposed manure as the long-acting slow-release source of manure, wide material sources in the substrate of this cultural method, processing technology is simple, with low cost.The organic matter that humic acids contains can increase soil fertility, regulate soil buffer action, improve soil microorganism vigor, the transport of the nutrient ion in adsorbable and complexation soil, beneficially nutrient and absorption, promotes vegetable growth；The free radical that humic acid contains can play physiologically active, regulation substrate microenvironment；Active factors involved in plant vivo oxidation that humic acid contains, reduction process, regulate plant metabolism.Coconut palm bran unit weight is little, porosity is big, without waxiness, water-retaining property and permeability preferably and hydrophobicity is low, there is stronger physical and chemical adsorption ability, EC value and PH meet vegetable growing requirement, can be the envirment factors such as the good moisture of vegetable root system offer, gas.

In the substrate of this cultural method, decomposed manure content chooses the nutrient demand that can meet needed for vegetable normal growth is grown, it is higher that too high levels easily causes substrate Ec value, limit the vegetable root system absorption to nutritional labeling, content is too low causes substrate Ec value on the low side, matrix nutrition is not enough, limits vegetable growth.

In the case of decomposed manure content is certain, humic acids becomes matrix porosity, water absorption, retentiveness, repellency, pH value, the deciding factor of EC value with the ratio of coconut palm bran.Learning through a large amount of tests repeatedly, the ratio of decomposed manure, humic acids and coconut palm bran chooses the requirement meeting vegetable growing to indexs such as substrate Ec value, pH value, porositys.Decomposed manure and humic acids can increase the content of organic matter in substrate, promote vegetable absorption, transport and trans-utilization to cultivation matrix Middle nutrition composition, improve fertilizer efficiency, and then improve Quality and biomass of vegetables.The step for of it addition, the preparation of this substrate eliminates fermentation, simplify preparation procedure.

In a word, this facilities vegetable simple substrate culture method overcomes existing utility vegetable growing and there is continuous cropping obstacle seriously, the substrate culture fertilising problem that difficulty is big, cost is high and operation sequence is complicated.

In the making of cultivation bed uses following steps: a, facility, soil waters, and ground grading after 5-8 days rolls for several times；B, by field planting line-spacing draw cultivation bed centrage, excavate cultivation bed, width and the degree of depth are respectively less than target width and degree of depth 5cm；C, trimming cultivation bed are to target width and the degree of depth.

When using this cultivation bed planting vegetable, being not required to lay the isolated materials such as canopy film, in cultivation bed, substrate directly contacts with soil in existing facility, and not only vegetable root system growth promoter is unrestricted, and draining is convenient；Simultaneously with greenhouse soil as raw material, by smooth, water, setting-out, excavate, repair, compaction procedure makes, more convenient, simple to operate, with low cost than common brick cultivation bed irrigation and drainage.

Present invention, avoiding the Soil-sickness Problem of conventional plants soil cultivation, more Zao than soil cultivation maturation, yield is high, quality is excellent, profitable, simple to operate, more with low cost than conventional substrate cultivation, base starting material environmental protection simultaneously, abundance, sustainable development, have the advantage that simple cultivation is easy and with low cost.

Detailed description of the invention

Embodiment 1

A kind of facilities vegetable simple substrate culture method, use following steps: a, choose dry the decomposed manure after pulverizing, humic acid, coconut palm bran prepare substrate by following mass fraction than 40:20:40 mix homogeneously；B, substrate add water and are directly loadable into cultivation bed without isolation after mixing thoroughly；C, field planting vegetable.

In the making of cultivation bed uses following steps: a, facility, soil waters, and ground grading after 5 days rolls for several times；B, by field planting line-spacing draw cultivation bed centrage, excavate cultivation bed, width and the degree of depth are respectively less than target width and degree of depth 5cm；C, trimming cultivation bed are to target width and the degree of depth.

On April 2nd, 2015 field planting Fructus Lycopersici esculenti, kind is neat Dary, with soil cultivation for comparison, uproot plants after their edible portions have been harvested on October 20th, 2015.Result shows, than soil cultivation precocious 6 days, increases production 28.6%.

Embodiment 2

A kind of facilities vegetable simple substrate culture method, use following steps: a, choose dry the decomposed manure after pulverizing, humic acid, coconut palm bran prepare substrate by following mass fraction than 40:30:30 mix homogeneously；B, substrate add water and are directly loadable into cultivation bed without isolation after mixing thoroughly；C, field planting vegetable.

In the making of cultivation bed uses following steps: a, facility, soil waters, and ground grading after 7 days rolls for several times；B, by field planting line-spacing draw cultivation bed centrage, excavate cultivation bed, width and the degree of depth are respectively less than target width and degree of depth 5cm；C, trimming cultivation bed are to target width and the degree of depth.

On March 25th, 2015 field planting Fructus Cucumidis sativi, kind is close thorn, with conventional substrate cultivation for comparison.On November 22nd, 2015 uproots plants after their edible portions have been harvested.Raw material reduces 2.11 ten thousand yuan/mu, recruitment cost savings 2080 yuan/mu.

Embodiment 3

A kind of facilities vegetable simple substrate culture method, use following steps: a, choose dry the decomposed manure after pulverizing, humic acid, coconut palm bran prepare substrate by following mass fraction than 50:10:40 mix homogeneously；B, substrate add water and are directly loadable into cultivation bed without isolation after mixing thoroughly；C, field planting vegetable.

In the making of cultivation bed uses following steps: a, facility, soil waters, and ground grading after 8 days rolls for several times；B, by field planting line-spacing draw cultivation bed centrage, excavate cultivation bed, width and the degree of depth are respectively less than target width and degree of depth 5cm；C, trimming cultivation bed are to target width and the degree of depth.

On April 10th, 2015 field planting Fructus Capsici, kind is Shanxi green pepper 202, with conventional substrate cultivation for comparison.On October 20th, 2015 uproots plants after their edible portions have been harvested.Result shows, raw material reduces 2.03 ten thousand yuan/mu, recruitment cost savings 2100 yuan/mu.

In specific implementation process, the vertical cross-section of cultivation bed is inversion isosceles trapezoid shape, wide 60cm suitable for reading, end opening width 50-55cm, groove depth 25-30cm.

Claims

1. a facilities vegetable simple substrate culture method, it is characterised in that: use following steps: a, choose dry the decomposed manure after pulverizing, humic acid, coconut palm bran prepare substrate by following mass fraction than 40-50:10-30:30-40 mix homogeneously；B, substrate add water and are directly loadable into cultivation bed without isolation after mixing thoroughly；C, field planting vegetable.

A kind of facilities vegetable simple substrate culture method the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: in the making of cultivation bed uses following steps: a, facility, soil waters, and ground grading after 5-8 days rolls for several times；B, by field planting line-spacing draw cultivation bed centrage, excavate cultivation bed, width and the degree of depth are respectively less than target width and degree of depth 5cm；C, trimming cultivation bed are to target width and the degree of depth.