JP2001129378A - Mixer for granule - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a mixer for granule having a mixing performance capable of maintaining such an appropriate granular state that a mixture is not finely pulverized as a mixer for treatment of materials and garbage for growing field crop. SOLUTION: A mixer for granule comprises a rotary drum 2 wherein conveyor spiral boards 25, and 45 having a feeding-in opening 31 at one end and a delivery opening 41 at the other end are attached to an inner surface; reverse conveyor spiral boards 27 and 47 installed inside the rotary drum; and a rotary driving source for the rotary drum.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a mixer in the fields of agricultural crop cultivation materials and garbage disposal.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art As a first field of agricultural crop cultivation materials, a medium for growing seedlings, a medium for cultivating mushrooms, a porous fertilizer, and the like are manufactured by mixing a plurality of necessary raw materials. The mixer used at this time is provided with a rotating stirrer so as to be inscribed in a fixed semi-cylindrical lower vessel. In this stirrer, forward and reverse transport spirals that are symmetric with respect to the rotation axis are fixed. A plurality of raw materials put in the mixing machine, by the forward and reverse transport spiral,
The mixture is thoroughly mixed, and after mixing, the mixture is discharged from a discharge port at the center of the bottom of the mixer. At this time, since the carry-out time is long, there is a disadvantage that the mixture is extremely kneaded by the stirrer and is pulverized.

[0003] Specifically, seedling culture media include peat moss,
A medium in which a plurality of medium materials such as red clay, charcoal, and perlite are mixed with fertilizer is used. A fine-grained medium in which peat moss that has been appropriately dissolved and red soil, charcoal, and perlite that have been prevented from being pulverized is an excellent medium having physical properties, chemical properties, and biological properties. In particular, it is important to ensure air permeability. This fine granular medium improves the rooting of the crop. However, since the conventional stirrer comes into contact with the inner surface of the mixer, pulverization of the medium is inevitable, resulting in a medium with reduced air permeability, which hinders rooting of agricultural crops. The culture medium for mushroom cultivation is used by adding a nutrient to corn / cob obtained by pulverizing a corn core and mixing. Similarly, this medium
To improve the aerobic mushroom mycelia around,
Chemical and biological properties are required for the medium. In particular, it is important to ensure air permeability. However, with conventional mixers,
The mixed medium becomes a medium that is pulverized and easily solidified. When this medium is packed in a mushroom cultivation bottle, the supply of oxygen required by the mushroom mycelium becomes poor, and there is a disadvantage that the mushroom mycelium cannot be quickly turned in the medium.

[0004] As a second garbage disposal field, there are household and commercial garbage disposal machines. Garbage disposal machines include compost-type and extinction-type garbage disposal machines. In a conventional garbage disposal machine, a stirrer having a rotating shaft is provided so as to be inscribed in a fixed semi-cylindrical lower vessel. As this stirrer, there is a compost type using a transport spiral having a rotating shaft. In addition, the extinguishing type includes a stirrer using a crushing plate having a rotating shaft. The treatment of garbage is a treatment in which microorganisms such as bacteria, filamentous fungi, and yeast are used for fermentation and decomposition. Particularly, in the processing of garbage, it is necessary to crush coarse garbage into small pieces because it is necessary to quickly supply oxygen and propagate microorganisms. In addition, aerobic microorganisms that suppress the generation of offensive odors are multiplied, and garbage is quickly composted and eliminated. In order to grow aerobic microorganisms more effectively, fermentation bacteria that excel in decomposing fats, carbohydrates, and proteins are mixed into garbage, and porous carriers such as charcoal, perlite, and ceramics that support the fermentation bacteria. Is mixed in the garbage. There is also an example in which a hollow plastic carrier is mixed with garbage in order to actively supply oxygen into the garbage.

[0005] In order to improve the composting and elimination of garbage, water-absorbing materials such as peach, tree bran, charcoal, and perlite, and porous substances are added to garbage as moisture control materials for adjusting the water content of garbage. Mixed. Further, in order to speed up fermentation of garbage, a porous carrier carrying a fermentation bacterium is used in combination with a moisture regulator. However,
The conventional garbage disposer uses garbage, wood bran absorbent, charcoal,
Porous supports such as pearlite, zeolite, and plastic hollow bodies are extremely finely divided, resulting in poor air permeability and reduced fermentation power. In particular, a porous carrier having excellent durability has been desired for the disappearing type garbage disposal machine in order to minimize the amount of input. As a porous carrier with excellent durability, there is one using ceramics.
There is a drawback that the main body of the stirrer and the garbage disposal machine is greatly worn by ceramics.

[0006] A common problem with conventional mixers and garbage disposal machines for cultivating materials for cultivating crops is that a stirrer provided in the mixer is in close contact with the inner surface of the mixer and is rotated. Increasing the degree of mixing has the disadvantage that the mixture becomes finer than necessary and loses the required physical properties required for the mixture. If the stirrer is rotated away from the inner surface of the mixer in order to avoid pulverization, there is a problem that a part of the mixture remains on the inner surface of the mixer and becomes firm in the mixer. Further, when a hard porous carrier carrying fermentation bacteria is mixed into garbage, there is a disadvantage that the garbage disposer is significantly worn.

[0007]

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION As a material for cultivating crops and as a mixer for treating garbage, the mixture retains appropriate fine granules that are not extremely pulverized, and efficiently supplies oxygen and increases the growth of fermentative bacteria. An object of the present invention is to disclose a mixer for fine granules having high durability even if a porous carrier to be mixed is mixed with garbage.

[0008]

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION A first gist of the present invention is to provide a rotary drum having a transport helical plate attached to the inner surface thereof and a rotary drum having a carry-in port at one end opening and a carry-out port at the other end opening. The fine grain mixer according to the present invention comprises a reverse-conveying spiral plate and a rotary drive source for a rotary drum.

The rotary drum is stably mounted on a roller of a rotating shaft by a rotary drive source such as a motor attached to a mount. The raw material supplied from the loading entrance at one end of the rotating drum is rotated and transported to the loading exit side at the other end of the rotating drum by a transport spiral plate attached to the inner surface of the rotating drum. When an appropriate amount of raw material is stored in the rotary drum, the reverse transport helical plate installed in the rotary drum reversely transports the same amount of transport as the transport helical plate to the loading entrance side. Are mixed to obtain a homogeneous mixture. The mixture is carried by its own weight to the upper part in close contact with the inner surface of the rotating drum, and an inclined surface appears on the surface of the mixture. The surface of the mixture collapses along this slope,
The ingredients mix more reliably. This inclined surface surely appears when an appropriate amount of raw material is stored in the rotating drum. Further, it is preferable to provide a hollow disk at the loading / unloading port of the rotary drum to store an appropriate amount.

When the outer peripheral surface of the reverse transport spiral plate is smaller than the inner peripheral surface of the transport spiral plate and is built in the rotary drum, a central axis is provided on the rotary drum, and the reverse transport is performed by the central axis and the reinforcing rod. Fix the spiral plate. When the outer peripheral surface of the reverse transport spiral plate has the same diameter as the inner peripheral surface of the transport spiral plate,
A fixing rod is connected to the contact portion between the outer peripheral surface of the reverse transport spiral plate and the inner peripheral surface of the transport spiral plate, and welding is performed. In particular, in order to make the transport amount of the transport spiral plate and the reverse transport spiral plate the same, the cross-sectional shape of the reverse transport spiral plate is preferably hollow. At this time, the center axis of the rotating drum does not need to be provided, and can be welded and fixed by a reinforcing rod connecting the inner peripheral surface of the reverse transport spiral plate in the lateral direction.

If the mixer for fine granules is used as a garbage disposer, it can appropriately dissolve coarse garbage such as fish coarses and vegetable waste. In addition, if used as a mixer for a seedling culture medium, coarse substances such as peat moss can be appropriately disentangled. The bulky material is broken into fine particles by the peripheral end of the forward / reverse transport spiral plate, and extreme pulverization is avoided, and a fine and uniform mixture is continuously obtained. A connecting rod connected between the helical plates for forward and reverse transport
Also, if a reinforcing rod for reinforcing the edge of the helical plate for forward / reverse transport is inserted in the center axis of the rotary drum, the coarse material can be more reliably made finer. When the fine-grain mixer is used as a garbage disposer, the garbage is carried by its own weight in close contact with the inner surface of the rotating drum, and the garbage collapses along the inclined surface, entrains oxygen, and promotes aerobic fermentation. . In addition, the porous carrier such as charcoal, perlite, and zeolite carrying the fermenting bacteria also rotates with the rotating drum and falls naturally on the inclined surface and comes into contact with garbage, so that the porous carrier is worn by mechanical contact. Low and excellent in durability. Even if the fine-grained mixer is used as a mixer for agricultural crop cultivation materials, similarly, by the above-described mixing principle, without excessively pulverizing soil, charcoal, etc.
Keep in fine granules.

[0012] The second gist is that, in the fine grain mixer specified by the first gist, the rotary drum has a cylindrical lid having a carry-in port at one end and a cylindrical lid having a carry-out port at the other end. Characterized in that it is a mixer for fine granules.

When mixing two or more types of raw materials, the fine-grain mixer according to the first aspect has to supply each raw material to the entrance of the rotary drum in approximately equal amounts. In order to sequentially charge different raw materials and obtain a uniform mixture, it is necessary to hold all raw materials on a rotating drum and mix them thoroughly. At this time, in order to prevent the mixture from spilling from both ends of the rotary drum, it is necessary to provide a cylindrical lid having a carry-out port or a carry-in port at both ends of the rotary drum. In particular, the exit
An opening / closing plate that closes when mixing the raw materials, opens when mixing is completed, and carries out the mixture from the mixer is preferable.

The cylindrical lid on the carry-in side has a shape inscribed in the rotary drum and has a carry-in port at the top. The cylindrical lid on the carry-out side has a shape inserted circumscribing the rotary drum, and has a carry-out port at the lower part. This insertion shape is preferably provided with a taper at the contact portion between the rotating drum and the cylindrical lid so that the mixture does not spill from the rotating drum. In order to surely transport the raw material supplied to the loading port into the rotary drum, the transport spiral plate preferably extends to the inside of the cylindrical lid having the loading port. Further, it is preferable that the forward / reverse transport spiral plate be extended to the inside of a cylindrical lid having a carry-out port.

[0015] A third gist is that, in the fine grain mixer specified by the second gist, when the reversely-conveying helical plate is a fine-grain mixer independent of the conveyed helical plate, the reversely-conveyed spiral mixer The fine grain mixer according to the present invention is characterized in that the rotary drive source of the central axis of the plate is a rotary drive source independent of the rotary drum. When the raw material is positively loaded and unloaded, the rotation of the reverse loading helical plate is reversely rotated with respect to the rotation of the loading helical plate. When the raw materials are positively mixed, the rotation of the reverse carrying spiral plate is set to the same direction as the rotation of the carrying spiral plate. By freely rotating the reverse loading helical plate,
The time for carrying in and out can be reduced. The fine-grain mixer is used for mixing a growing medium such as a medium for raising seedlings, a medium for growing mushrooms, a porous fertilizer, and a compost-type garbage disposal.

According to a fourth aspect, in the fine grain mixer defined by the first aspect, one end of the rotary drum has a cylindrical lid having a carry-in port, and the other end has a closed lid. In a fine grain mixer. This mixer for fine granules is used as an extinguishable garbage disposal machine. As the porous carrier supporting the fermentation bacteria, a soft porous carrier made of charcoal, perlite, a plastic hollow body, or a hard porous carrier made of ceramics is used. Since the fine-grain mixer does not pulverize the carrier, the coarse garbage is fine-grained and the extinguished fermentation is maintained for a long period of time. This fine grain mixer is
Since the garbage is a fine-grained mixer that disappears inside the mixer and is not carried out to the outside, it is preferable to use a fine-grained mixer fixed in a rotating drum as the reverse transport spiral plate.
In order to maintain the fermentation during the winter period, it is preferable to heat the bottom of the rotating drum with an electric heater or the like.

[0017]

(Embodiment 1) A first embodiment of a fine grain mixer according to the present invention will be described in detail with reference to FIGS. FIG. 1 is a front view of the fine grain mixer. At least four pillow blocks 13 for receiving the shaft 12
It is provided in several places. The shaft 12 is provided with two pairs of shafts 12, and at least one of the shafts 12 is connected to the motor 11 as a rotational drive source. The shaft 14 is provided with rollers 14 at at least two places, and the two pairs of shafts 12 are provided with at least four rollers 14.

Rails 21 are provided on the outer surface of the rotary drum 2 at at least two places. Rail 21 of rotating drum
The rotating drum 2 so that
Is placed on the gantry 1. At this time, the rail 21 and the rollers 14 are moved to the rotating drum 2 so that the rotating drum is stable.
It is arranged on the gantry 1. On the inner surface of the rotating drum 2, a helical plate 25 for conveyance is attached by welding. Further, the reverse conveying spiral 27 is fixed to a fixing rod 29 provided on the rotation center line of the rotary drum 2 by a connecting rod 28. In order to store an appropriate amount of the mixture in the rotating drum and ensure mixing in the rotating drum, hollow disks 30 and 40 are attached to the loading / unloading port of the rotating drum.

FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of the fine grain mixer at the location of the arrow. A shaft shaft 12 having rollers 14 is attached to a pillow block 13 of the gantry 1. The rotating drum 2 is mounted on a roller 14 of a gantry via a rail 21 of the rotating drum. The outer peripheral surface of the transport spiral 25 is welded to the inner surface of the rotating drum. The diameter of the outer peripheral surface of the reverse transport spiral 27 is smaller than the diameter of the inner peripheral surface of the transport spiral 25. The inner peripheral surface of the reverse transport spiral 27 does not need to be specially provided depending on the diameter of the outer peripheral surface. In order to securely install the reverse transport spiral 27 inside the rotating drum,
9. It is fixed to the rotating drum by the connecting rod 28.

(Results of Functional Test) The rotating drum 2 has a diameter of 8 mm.
One having a thickness of 00 mm and a length of 1000 mm was used. The transport spiral 25 has an inner peripheral surface diameter of 700 mm, and the reverse transport spiral 27 has an outer peripheral surface diameter of 700 mm and an inner peripheral surface diameter of 6 mm.
The thing of 00 mm was used. Hollow disk 30 at the entrance
40 used a hollow diameter of 400 mm. The rotary drum of the fine-granule mixer having the above-mentioned structure was rotated at 5 revolutions per minute, and the next raw material was introduced at a rate of 20 l / min into the carry-in port. Raw materials are
Peat moss, 3 to 5 mm of charcoal, and red clay were sequentially introduced. The mixing ratio of peat moss, charcoal, and red clay was 20: 5: 75 by volume. About this test result, peat moss is unraveled into fibrous form, and there is no fineness of charcoal and red clay
A fine-grained mixture suitable for a seedling culture medium was obtained.

(Embodiment 2) Embodiment 2 of the fine grain mixer of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to FIG. FIG.
It is sectional drawing of the mixer for fine granules. At both ends of the rotary drum 2, a taper 23 is provided on the loading side and a taper 24 is provided on the discharging side.
Is provided. The internal structure of the gantry and rotating drum
This is the same as in the first embodiment. On the loading side of the rotary drum 2, a loading port 31 and a cylindrical lid 3 having a taper 33 are fixed. A transport spiral plate 35 for transporting the raw material to the rotating drum 2 is fixed to the cylindrical lid 3 by a connecting rod 36 on a rotating shaft 34. The reinforcing rod 37 is used for the transport spiral plate 3.
5 is provided for fixing the same. One end of the rotating shaft 34 is connected to the bearing 39 of the cylindrical lid 3, and the other end is connected to the fixed shaft 29 of the reverse transport spiral plate of the rotating drum 2.

A carry-out port 41 provided with an opening / closing plate 42 on the carry-out side of the rotary drum 2 and a cylindrical lid 4 having a taper 43 are fixed. The cylindrical lid 4 has a rotating drum 2
And a reverse helical plate 46 for reversely transporting the mixture are fixed to the rotating rod 44 by connecting rods 47, respectively. The reinforcing rod 47 is attached to fix the transport spiral plate 45. Rotating shaft 44
Has one end connected to the bearing 49 of the cylindrical lid 4 and the other end connected to the fixed shaft 29 of the reverse-conveying spiral plate of the rotary drum 2.

The rotary drum 2 used had a taper of 45 degrees at both ends and a length of 50 mm, and had a body diameter of 800 mm and a length of 1000 mm. The helical plate 25 for conveyance in the rotary drum used had a diameter of 700 mm on the inner peripheral surface, and the helical plate 27 for reverse conveyance used had a diameter of 600 mm on the outer peripheral surface and 500 mm on the inner peripheral surface. The cylindrical lid 3 on the loading side is
45 degree angle, 60mm length taper, inlet 2
00mm x 200mm body diameter 700mm, length 4
The thing of 00 mm was used. Inside the cylindrical lid on the loading side, the helical plate 35 for transfer has a diameter of 690 mm on the outer peripheral surface and 590 mm on the inner peripheral surface. Outlet side cylindrical lid 4
The main body used had a taper having an angle of 45 degrees, a length of 60 mm, and a 200 mm × 200 mm main body having a diameter of 900 mm and a length of 400 mm having an opening / closing plate 42. Inside the cylindrical lid on the carry-out side, the spiral helical plate 45 has a diameter of 890 mm on the outer peripheral surface and a diameter of 790 mm on the inner peripheral surface, and the helical plate 46 for reverse transport has a diameter of 690 mm on the outer peripheral surface and a diameter of the inner peripheral surface. 590 mm was installed internally.

(Result of Functional Test) The rotary drum of the fine-grain mixer was rotated at 5 revolutions per minute, and the next raw material was transferred to the loading port by 200 l.
Was introduced. The raw material is 3-5mm peat moss, 3-5
mm of charcoal and red clay were sequentially introduced. Pete Moss,
The mixing ratio of the charcoal and the red clay was 20: 5: 75 by volume. After mixing for 10 minutes, the opening and closing plate 42 was opened and the mixture was carried out. Regarding the test results, peat moss was unraveled into a fibrous form, and there was no pulverized charcoal or red soil, and a fine-grained mixture having a high degree of mixing suitable for a seedling culture medium was obtained.

(Embodiment 3) Embodiment 3 of the fine grain mixer of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to FIG. FIG.
It is sectional drawing of this mixing machine for fine granules. Outgoing side rotating shaft 44
A gantry, a rotating drum, and a helical plate 45 for reverse transport (27 of the rotating drum, 35 on the loading side) are connected to a rotating drive source driven by a motor on the rotating drum 29 (the rotating shaft 34 on the loading side). The configuration of the cylindrical lid is the same as that of the second embodiment.

(Results of Functional Test) The reverse conveying spiral plate of the fine-grain mixer was rotated forward at 5 revolutions per minute, and 200 l of the next raw material was introduced into the carry-in port. As raw materials, corn cobb, rice bran, and nutrients were sequentially added. The mixing ratio of corn cob and rice bran was 80:20 by volume. Nutrition was added at 5%. The rotating drum is rotated forward at 5 rotations per minute, the reverse transport helical plate is rotated forward at 5 rotations per minute, mixed for 20 minutes, the opening / closing plate 42 is opened, and the reverse transport helical plate is rotated 5 rotations per minute. , And the mixture was unloaded. The mixture was immediately unloaded. As for the test results, a mixture with a high degree of coarseness and a high degree of mixing, which is suitable for a mushroom cultivation medium without crushing corn and cob, was obtained, and when used for enoki mushroom cultivation, the yield increased by 5%. did.

(Embodiment 4) An embodiment 4 of a fine-granule mixer used as a garbage disposal machine of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to FIG. FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view of the mixer for fine particles. The cylindrical lid 3 having the inlet described in the second and third embodiments is attached to the carry-in side of the rotary drum 2, and the disk is hermetically welded to the opposite side. The internal configurations of the gantry and the rotary drum are the same as in the second embodiment. In order to maintain the temperature during the winter period, the bottom of the rotating drum was heated by a heater for keeping warm.

(Results of Functional Test) The rotating drum of the fine-grain mixer was rotated at 5 revolutions per minute, and 20 l of the garbage discarded from the cafeteria was introduced into the carry-in port every day, and 600 l in 30 days. 5 l of perlite having a size of about 3 mm and 5 l of charcoal having a size of about 5 mm were added as a place for living garbage decomposing bacteria. As for the test results, it was confirmed that the sizes of perlite and charcoal were maintained, there was almost no fine powder, oxygen supplementation was properly performed, and the volume of garbage was reduced.

[0029]

Industrial Applicability The present invention provides a medium for growing seedlings, a medium for cultivating mushrooms, and a mixing machine for producing porous fertilizer, which is capable of appropriately peat moss and finely graining pearlite and charcoal without excessively pulverizing. And a mixer for fine granules having a function of holding and mixing. In the garbage disposer for fermenting garbage, the garbage and the porous carrier supporting the fermentation bacteria are maintained in a suitable fine granule that does not extremely finely powder, and have a function of mixing fine granules. In the mixer.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a front view of a first embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of Embodiment 1 of the present invention.

FIG. 3 is a front view of a second embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 4 is a front view of a third embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 5 is a front view of a fourth embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 6 is a sectional view of a fourth embodiment of the present invention.

[Explanation of symbols]

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Stand 11 Rotation drive source 14 Roller 2 Rotary drum 21 Rail 25 Transport spiral 27 Reverse transport spiral 29 Fixed axis 3 Loading cylindrical lid 31 Loading port 34 Rotating shaft 35 Transport spiral 4 Loading cylindrical lid 41 Loading port 42 Opening / closing plate 44 Rotating shaft 45 Spiral for transport 47 Spiral for reverse transport

Claims (6)

[Claims] 1. A rotary drum having a transport helical plate attached to an inner surface thereof having a carry-in port at one end opening and a carry-out port at another end opening, a reverse transport helical plate provided inside the rotary drum,
A fine grain mixer comprising a rotary drive source for a rotary drum. 2. The fine grain mixer according to claim 1, wherein the carry-in port and the carry-out port are a carry-in port and a carry-out port provided on a cylindrical fixed lid. 3. The fine grain mixer according to claim 1, wherein a center axis of the reverse transport spiral plate is provided on a rotation center line of the rotary drum. 4. The fine grain mixer according to claim 3, wherein the rotational drive source of the central shaft of the reverse transport spiral plate is a rotary drive source independent of the rotary drive source of the rotary drum. . 5. The fine grain mixer according to claim 1, which is used as a mixer for cultivating agricultural crops. 6. A garbage disposal machine according to claim 1.
A mixer for fine particles according to any one of the above.