JP4324837B2 - Organic waste treatment method and treatment system - Google Patents

Description

[0001]
[Field of the Invention]
The present invention relates to a processing method and a processing system for organic waste such as garbage, and more particularly to a processing method and a processing system in which organic waste is digested by microorganisms to make it odorless and harmless.
[0002]
[Prior art]
A system for producing compost by treating organic waste such as raw garbage with microorganisms is known. In such a system, there is a problem that a large place is required because fermentation of raw garbage by microorganisms requires a long time, and the location is restricted due to a strange odor during fermentation.
[0003]
In this regard, the applicant has provided a kneading means for kneading the processing base material containing microorganisms with organic waste, and an automatic warehouse for storing and aging the kneaded material for a predetermined period of time. An application was filed for an organic waste treatment system in which the kneaded material is supplied to the kneading means as a processing base material for kneading with the next organic waste (Japanese Patent Application No. 2001-18547).
[0004]
[Problems of the Invention]
The basic object of the present invention, organic waste can efficiently processed in a relatively narrow space, while providing a system generate less odor and secondary waste that that allows for the ripening efficient is there.
An additional object of the present invention is to form a non-uniform environment in an automatic warehouse using heat of fermentation, and to form an environment suitable for aging at each stage with minimum energy.
[0005]
[Structure of the invention]
The present invention is provided with kneading means for kneading a treatment base material containing microorganisms with organic waste, and an automatic warehouse for aging the kneaded material by placing it on a pallet and storing it for a predetermined period. The organic waste treatment method is to supply the kneaded product to the kneading means as a processing base material for kneading with the next organic waste , using the fermentation heat of the kneaded product in the automatic warehouse. A non-uniform environment is formed along the vertical direction of the automatic warehouse, and the pallet is moved and matured in the automatic warehouse according to the aging stage of the kneaded product (claim 1).
[0006]
Note the use of such this is a heater or blower, it does not exclude the formation of a separately heterogeneous environment in parallel with heat of fermentation.
[0007]
The present invention also includes a kneading means for kneading the treatment base material containing microorganisms with organic waste, and an automatic warehouse for storing the kneaded material on a pallet and storing it for aging for aging. An organic waste treatment system in which the already-kneaded product is supplied to the kneading means as a processing base material for kneading with the next organic waste, and is automatically fed into the automatic warehouse by the fermentation heat of the kneaded product. A non-uniform environment is formed along the vertical direction of the warehouse, and the pallet is moved to a different vertical position in the automatic warehouse according to the aging stage of the kneaded material by the automatic warehouse transport means and aged. This is characterized in that (Claim 2) .
[0010]
[Operation and effect of the invention]
In this invention, the processing base material containing microorganisms and the organic waste are kneaded, placed on a pallet, stored in an automatic warehouse and aged. During this time, the organic waste is digested by microorganisms, and the matured kneaded material becomes a processing base material for kneading with the next organic waste. Since aging is performed in an automatic warehouse, a large amount of kneaded material can be stored in a narrow space, and organic waste is digested by microorganisms and becomes the next processing base material, so that generation of secondary waste is small. In addition, since it is aged on a pallet, it has high air permeability, does not require reversing, has less offensive odor, and can shorten the aging period .
[0011]
In the present invention, a non-uniform environment is formed in the automatic warehouse, and it is moved in the automatic warehouse according to the aging stage of the kneaded product. The heterogeneous environment is, for example, an environment having different ambient temperatures, and the ripening stage is, for example, a fermentation start-up stage, a high-temperature fermentation stage, a secondary fermentation stage, or the like. For this reason, in this invention, a kneaded material can be aged in an environment according to the aging stage and can be aged efficiently.
[0012]
To determine the aging status, the temperature, water content, odor, color tone, etc. of the kneaded product can be used, and these are checked to determine the aging stage, and the pallet is moved in the automatic warehouse accordingly. Can be matured accurately in an environment according to the stage .
[0013]
In the automatic warehouse, fermentation heat is generated with the aging of the kneaded material, and this heat flows from the lower part to the upper part of the automatic warehouse, so that a non-uniform environment is formed in the vertical direction in the automatic warehouse. Therefore, when this is used to move the pallet to an environment where the temperature required for aging is suitable, aging can be managed with energy saving .
[0014]
【Example】
[0015]
[Outline of the system]
1 to 6 show an outline of a system for treating organic waste such as garbage. In these figures, 2 is an organic waste treatment system, 4 is a pit, and organic waste such as garbage is used in garbage trucks, food factories, fish processing plants, agricultural processing plants, and sewage treatment plants. From sludge tanks, paper mills, and other pipes. In the case of raw garbage, for example, it is packed in an easily decomposable plastic bag or the like and put into a pit, and food processing waste, fishery processing waste or the like is put as it is, for example, naked, and conveyed to the crusher 6 by the conveyor 5. In the crusher 6, the organic waste (for example, raw garbage such as vegetables) introduced from the upper part is sandwiched between crushing means such as a pair of rollers and a pair of gears, and dropped while crushing, and the dropped organic waste The product is received in an appropriate case and conveyed to the next kneading and setting machines 10 and 11 by the conveyors 12 and 13. In addition, since a considerable bad odor is generated when organic waste is crushed, it is preferable to deodorize the air in the crusher 6 by sending it to a deodorizing means such as the soil deodorizing unit 7.
[0016]
The kneading and placing machines 10 and 11 knead the crushed organic waste with the processing base material, and then, for example, place it on a wooden pallet with a substantially uniform thickness. The pallet to be used may be made of resin, iron, or the like that does not easily rot. Reference numerals 12 to 18 denote conveyors. The conveyors 12 and 13 convey cases containing organic waste from the crushing machine 6 to the kneading and setting machines 10 and 11, and the conveyors 14 and 15 are processed from the case automatic warehouse 42 to the processing mother. The case containing the material is conveyed to the kneading and setting machines 10 and 11. The conveyors 16 and 17 convey a pallet loaded with a kneaded product of the processing base material and organic waste such as raw garbage to the pallet automatic warehouse 24 via the shakers 20 and 21. The conveyor 18 conveys the case in the automatic case warehouse 42 to the work area 19, and the work area 19 performs operations such as replenishing sawdust to the case containing the processing base material.
[0017]
The kneading and sorting machines 10 and 11 mix organic waste such as raw garbage and the processing base material at a predetermined ratio, and the kneaded material is placed on the pallet to a substantially constant thickness, for example. The processing base material is sprinkled almost uniformly on almost the entire surface of the kneaded material so as to cover the upper surface of the kneaded material with the shakers 20 and 21. The pallet on which the processing base material is sprinkled by the shakers 20 and 21 is conveyed to the stations 31 and 32 in the automatic warehouse by the conveyors 16 and 17.
[0018]
In the automatic pallet warehouse 24, a pallet transport stacker crane 26 is caused to travel along a travel path 25 provided in the center in the longitudinal direction, and a pair of racks 28 and 29 are provided on both sides of the travel path 25, for example. The pallet on which the kneaded material is placed is placed in the racks of the racks 28 and 29, and the kneaded material is aged on the pallet while controlling the temperature and humidity in the automatic warehouse 24. Stations 31 and 32 for transferring the pallets to the stacker crane 26 are arranged at the tips of the conveyors 16 and 17 for conveying the pallets from the shakers 20 and 21 to the automatic warehouse 24. There is another station 33 in the automatic warehouse 24. The station 33 is provided with a conveyor, receives a pallet on which the aged kneaded material is placed from the stacker crane 26, and carries the pallet to the sieve / metering machine 40. In order to ripen the kneaded material on the pallet in the automatic warehouse 24, it is important to control the temperature and humidity. The temperature and humidity are maintained at conditions where microorganisms in the processing base material are easy to act, and the kneaded material on the pallet is kept. Aged uniformly and in a short time.
[0019]
The sieve / weighing machine 40 receives the pallet on which the aged kneaded material is placed from the pallet automatic warehouse 24, separates the kneaded material from the pallet, puts it on a sieve, and separates foreign matters such as metal and plastic. The kneaded material from which the foreign matter has been separated is subdivided by a predetermined amount into other uses such as kneading, sprinkling, compost production and disposal of the next organic waste with a measuring instrument. The predetermined amount here is a predetermined amount for each application, and the predetermined amount changes as the application changes. The subdivided kneaded material is stored in an appropriate case and stored in the case automatic warehouse 42. 44 is a stacker crane of the case automatic warehouse 42, 45 and 46 are, for example, a pair of racks, and 48 is a station connecting the sieve / weighing machine 40 and the case automatic warehouse 42, and includes a conveyor for carrying the case. Yes.
[0020]
In addition to this, the organic waste processing system 2 is provided with a parking lot, an office, a material storage, a flat storage 50 for flatly placing produced compost, and the like. In the organic waste treatment system 2 shown in FIG. 1, the layout itself is arbitrary, but the layout of FIG. 1 is suitable for a relatively small-scale organic waste treatment system provided with one pallet automatic warehouse 24, for example. ing.
[0021]
FIG. 2 shows the configuration of the kneading and serving machine 11. In the following, for convenience of explanation, it is assumed that garbage is treated, but the same applies to other organic waste. A garbage case 52 containing garbage 53 and the like is sent from the crusher by the conveyor 13. A processing base material case 54 containing the processing base material 55 is sent from the automatic case warehouse by the conveyor 15. The internal garbage 53 is dropped by chucking the case 52 with the input unit 60 and reversing the garbage case 52 by 180 °. In the crushing / feeding unit 62, the processing base material 55 is similarly dropped by chucking the processing base material case 54 and turning it 180 °. The crushing / input unit 62 is also used for crushing rice husks and the like, and therefore includes crushing rollers and gears. In other respects, the crushing and charging unit 62 is configured in the same manner as the charging unit 60.
[0022]
Reference numeral 56 denotes a pallet made of wood, iron, plastic, or the like, and preferably has a breathability improved by making the bottom part a cocoon shape or providing a mesh on the bottom part. A kneaded material 57 is placed on the pallet 56 so as to have a substantially uniform thickness so that the aging proceeds uniformly at the same speed.
[0023]
The garbage 53 and the processing base material 55 are put into a kneading unit 64, and the kneading unit 64 is provided with, for example, three screw conveyors 65 and the like. At the time of kneading, the garbage conveyor and the processing base material are transported to the right side of FIG. 2 by the screw conveyor 65, and the transported raw garbage and the processing base material are transported to the collapsing surface 66 and broken, and are kneaded during this time. At the time of serving, the screw conveyor 65 is rotated in the reverse direction to convey the kneaded material to the left side of FIG. The conveyed kneaded material falls from the hole 70 provided in the left bottom of the kneading part 64 in FIG. 2, and the pallet 56 is conveyed by the conveyor 17 from right to left in FIG. Then, the kneaded material can be placed on the pallet 56 in a uniform thickness. Here, the arrangement direction of the holes 70 is the short side direction of the pallet 56, and the conveyance direction of the conveyor 17 is the long side direction of the pallet 56, but these may be reversed, and the arrangement direction of the holes 70 and the conveyance direction of the conveyor 17 are different. What is necessary is just to be orthogonal.
[0024]
No. 68 is a nozzle, and microorganisms in the processing base material change as the garbage is repeatedly decomposed. Therefore, an aqueous solution of the same type of microorganism as that used in the processing base material is replenished at the time of kneading. It is used to prevent Moreover, it is preferable that the kneaded material 57 put on the pallet 56 has a substantially constant water content, and water may be replenished from the nozzle 68 during a dry period such as winter. The moisture content can be controlled roughly. For example, the moisture content of raw garbage is about 95% in summer and about 70% in winter, preferably about 60 to 65% after kneading and sprinkling. Further, the moisture content after aging is, for example, about 54%. Therefore, it is sufficient to replenish water at the operator's discretion without using a moisture meter. Conversely, if the water content is too high, treatment such as dehydration or drying may be performed.
[0025]
In the embodiment, two kneading and setting machines 10 and 11 are provided, and these configurations are basically the same. When composting is also produced in the kneading and serving machine 10, both the kneading and serving machines 10 and 11 are provided with a crushing and charging unit 62. In the case where compost production is not performed in the kneading and serving machine 10, the kneading and serving machine 10 may be provided with a pair of input portions 60 having no grinding function. In addition, the mechanism for performing kneading | mixing and serving with the same apparatus is not restricted to the screw conveyor 65 of FIG. For example, a screw or blade is installed in the mixer and rotated to knead, and an openable / closable hole is provided at the bottom of the mixer. When kneading, the hole is closed and the kneaded material is confined, and when serving is kneaded, the hole is opened. Should be placed out of the hole.
[0026]
FIG. 3 shows the configuration of the shaker 20, and the other shakers 21 have the same configuration. The conveyor 16 conveys the pallet 56 from the kneading and setting machine 10 to the automatic pallet warehouse 24, 72 is a hopper for feeding the processing base material, and a swinging conveyor 73 for swinging motion is provided at the outlet. The processing base material provided from the hopper 72 is conveyed to the right side of FIG. 3 by the conveyor 73 and is sprinkled almost uniformly on the kneaded material 57 from the dropping hole 74 at the tip. Since the conveyor 73 swings, the processing base material is sprinkled so as to cover the entire surface of the kneaded material 57 with a substantially uniform thickness, and the thickness to be sprinkled is equal to the thickness of the kneaded material 57 (for example, about 40 cm thick). For example, about 1/10. Then, while the pallet 56 is conveyed to the left side of FIG. 3 by the conveyor 16, the processing base material is sprinkled almost uniformly on the kneaded material 57.
[0027]
4 shows the configuration of the sieve / meter 40, the pallet 56 on which the aged kneaded material 57 is loaded from the station 33 by a conveyor is carried out from the automatic pallet warehouse. The pallet 56 is chucked in the reversing and charging machine 80 and reversed by, for example, 180 °, whereby the kneaded material 57 falls into the hopper 82. A sieve 84 such as a vibrating sieve is provided on the outlet side of the hopper 82, except for metal pieces and plastic pieces that cannot pass through the mesh of the sieve, and discharged from the duct 89 to the foreign material pallet 90, and the weight of the separated foreign matter is measured. taking measurement. The kneaded material that has passed through the sieve 84 enters the measuring device 88 from the hopper 86 and is divided into units for next kneading, next shaking, compost production, and the like. The case is stored in the automatic case warehouse 42 by a conveyor. Note that the amount of processing base material is different for kneading, shaking, and compost production, and the amount corresponding to each application is measured and subdivided by a measuring device 88.
[0028]
FIG. 5 shows an organic waste treatment process in the embodiment. Organic waste such as raw garbage thrown in from the pit is crushed by a crusher, and the generated bad odor is treated by a soil deodorizing section or the like. The crushed organic waste is transported to a kneading and setting machine, and the processing base material weighed in an amount for kneading is transported through a conveyor from the case automatic warehouse and kneaded with the crushed organic waste. At this time, in order to compensate for the alteration of microorganisms, an active solution comprising a microorganism solution is added as necessary, and water is replenished in the dry season.
[0029]
In the kneading / slicing machine, kneading is first performed by reversing the rotation direction of the screw conveyor using a single kneading device, and then the pallet is scaled. When the pallet is transported by a conveyor and then placed by a kneading and placing machine, it can be automatically placed to a substantially uniform thickness. The pallet loaded with the kneaded material passes through the lower part of the shaker by a conveyor, and the processing base material is sprinkled almost uniformly on the surface. The processing base material used for the shake is also stored in the case automatic warehouse for each case, and is conveyed to the shaker by a conveyor and sprinkled.
[0030]
The pallet sprinkled with the processing base material is received by a conveyor into a pallet automatic warehouse, and is automatically placed and stored on a predetermined shelf in the rack. As a specific example, the amount of organic waste per pallet is about 150 kg, and the moisture content is about 70% in winter and about 95% in summer. The processing base material added by the kneader is mainly an aged kneaded material, and its volume is, for example, about 1000 liters. When the processing base material is insufficient, the amount may be increased with sawdust, rice straw, wheat straw, rice husk, bark (wood skin) or the like. Further, the mixing ratio of the organic waste and the treated base material is preferably about 3 to 20 liters of the treated base material per 1 kg of the organic waste. The water content of the kneaded product is about 60 to 65%, and water is replenished in winter so that the water content becomes this level. The thickness of the kneaded material on the pallet that has been arranged is, for example, 40 cm, and the thickness is preferably about 10 cm to 80 cm, particularly preferably about 20 to 60 cm in order to ensure air permeability and perform uniform fermentation without turning over. And
[0031]
The sawdust in the treated base material enhances the air permeability of the kneaded product, retains microorganisms, etc., and absorbs the generated bad odor or rot. The kneaded mixture of the treated base material and the organic waste is digested with nutrients by microorganisms to make it odorless and harmless. In fact, it hardly smells after being sprinkled with the treated base material.
[0032]
Further, in the shaker, for example, a processing base material of about 100 liters is sprinkled on the surface of the kneaded product. The treated base material here is an aged kneaded material itself, but when the amount is insufficient, sawdust or the like may be added, and when the microorganisms are aged or deteriorated, an aqueous solution of microorganisms may be added. In an automatic pallet warehouse, the temperature of the automatic warehouse is slightly higher than the outside temperature due to the fermentation heat generated when the kneaded material is digested by microorganisms. Prevents humidity increase due to evaporation from objects.
[0033]
In the automatic pallet warehouse, the kneaded product is aged for about two weeks, organic waste such as garbage is digested by microorganisms in the treated base material, and because of aerobic fermentation, the amount of bad odor generated is small. During the first week during this period, the kneaded mixture is heated to about 70 ° C., the high-temperature bacteria are activated, proteins, saccharides, cellulose, etc. are decomposed, and in the next week the temperature drops to near room temperature and lignin, etc. Slowly decomposed components are decomposed. This fermentation is an aerobic fermentation on a pallet, and the generation of ammonia, hydrogen sulfide, and the like is slight due to increased aeration by sawdust and the like. Further, a bad odor such as ammonia generated in a minute amount is adsorbed and decomposed by the processing base material sprinkled on the surface of the kneaded product. Further, by sprinkling the treated base material, aging from the upper surface of the kneaded material is promoted, and the aging of the kneaded material is accelerated as a whole. Further, if the main part of the pallet is made of wood, or the bottom part of the pallet is made into a cocoon shape, or a mesh is provided on the bottom part, the kneaded product can obtain ventilation from above and below. Furthermore, since it arrange | positions on a pallet, unlike the case where it arrange | positions to a bucket etc., the air permeability from a side surface direction can also be acquired. Then, air is supplied to the kneaded product by aeration from the upper and lower gaps between the pallets and the travel path of the stacker crane. For these reasons, aging of a large amount of garbage can be completed uniformly and in a short time.
[0034]
The kneaded material hardly smells after the treated base material is sprinkled. The aged kneaded product is about 1100 liters per pallet, the volume hardly changes, the water content is about 54%, and is slightly dryer than the water content 60 to 65% at the time of kneading. Pathogens and plant seeds are killed when heated to about 70 ° C. at the beginning of fermentation and are harmless. The aged kneaded product is odorless and harmless, and there is almost no decomposable organic matter. The aged kneaded material is sieved with a sieve / measuring machine to remove foreign matter, and the kneaded material that has passed through the sieve is weighed with a measuring instrument such as a rotary measuring instrument, and then a predetermined amount for the next kneading and shaking. Weigh and store case in automated warehouse. This predetermined amount is, for example, 1000 liters for the next kneading, 100 liters for sprinkling, and if digestion has progressed too much and the total amount does not reach 1100 liters, replenish sawdust etc. to make the total amount 1100 liters .
[0035]
When extracting an aged kneaded product for other uses such as compost production, add almost the same amount of fibers such as sawdust to the total amount of kneading and sprinkling for 1100 liters. . And the ratio of the circulation utilization in the organic waste processing system for kneading or sprinkling is, for example, 50% or more, preferably 70% or more, and particularly preferably 70 to 90%. When there is no other use such as compost production, 100% is recycled for kneading or sprinkling. The treated base material weighed for kneading is supplemented with fibers such as sawdust as needed before kneading and re-stocked in a case automatic warehouse. Then, the case is carried out by a conveyor to a kneading and serving machine, kneaded with raw garbage, and used for the next processing of raw garbage.
[0036]
When the compost production process is shown in FIG. 6, since the demand for compost (compost) varies significantly depending on the season, the production amount of compost also varies seasonally. Therefore, until compost production is required, the excess of the aged kneaded material is subdivided for compost and stored in a case automatic warehouse. When compost production is not carried out for a relatively long period, the aged kneaded material is recycled in its entirety. For compost production, rice husk etc. is added and kneaded and pulverized at the crushing and charging part of the serving machine, and nutrients such as chicken manure, cooking oil and rice bran are added appropriately to knead the treated base material and rice husk etc. , Place on a pallet.
[0037]
When the rice husks are crushed, considerable dust is generated, and the crushed rice husks are easy to fly and have poor storage properties. Moreover, since it is a small-scale organic waste treatment system 2, the same apparatus is used for kneading and serving for both garbage and composting. The processed base material kneaded with rice husk and added with nutrients is stored in an automatic warehouse using the same pallet, aged for about one week, the aged compost is discharged from the hopper, stored in a flat place, etc., and shipped. .
[0038]
In the embodiment, the input organic waste is made odorless and harmless in the organic waste treatment system 2, and the amount of foreign matter such as metal or plastic is reduced to waste. In addition to this, compost is produced, but this can be used effectively rather than waste. As described above, in the embodiment, organic waste can be treated almost in a closed manner, the generation of bad odor is small, and aging can be performed while efficiently controlling in a three-dimensional automatic warehouse. Can be processed uniformly in a short time.
[0039]
Although the examples have been explained mainly on the treatment of garbage, marine waste, food processing waste, livestock waste, forestry waste, manure, organic sludge such as activated sludge and sludge, beverage waste and fallen leaves, pruning The same applies to waste, sawmill waste, paper mill waste, and the like. In the embodiment, since aerobic fermentation is used, the generation of malodor is small, and the processing base material is sprinkled so that the fly and insects do not come close, and the organic waste can be decomposed in a short time in about two weeks. In addition, the burden on the environment such as the generation of CO2 and the generation of dioxins is small, the equipment cost is small, and treatment such as incineration, denitration, desulfurization, and dust removal is unnecessary, so the operation cost is low. The aged kneaded product can be reused in the treatment system, and the secondary waste is little, and the secondary waste is harmless and odorless and can be used for composting.
[0040]
[Aging management in automatic warehouse]
7 to 13 show the aging management of the kneaded material in the examples. In these figures, reference numeral 102 denotes a normal area in which racks 28 and 29 are divided, 104 is a drying area, and 105 is a heating area. When the upper and lower arrangements in the normal area 102 are shown in FIG. 7, 110 is a secondary fermentation area, 112 is a high-temperature fermentation area, and 114 is a start-up area. Reference numeral 116 denotes an air supply path, which is provided on the back surface of the racks 28 and 29, for example. The air supplied from the air supply path 116 flows through the traveling path 25 of the stacker crane 26 through the areas 110, 112, and 114, rises to the vicinity of the ceiling, and is exhausted after heat exchange via the heat exchanger 118. The Air supplied from the heat exchanger 118 is supplied to the air supply path 116 through a supply duct 120 and a plurality of valves 122 by a blower (not shown).
[0041]
As shown on the left side of FIG. 7, the pitch at which the pallets 56 are arranged vertically is narrow in the secondary fermentation area 110 and relatively wide in the high-temperature fermentation area 112 and the start-up area 114. This is because, in the secondary fermentation area 110, fermentation of the kneaded material is slow and the required amount of oxygen and the amount of water vapor diffused are small, so even if the vertical pitch of the pallet 56 is reduced, fermentation does not become an obstacle. It is also important to supply excessive air from the valve 122 to the secondary fermentation area 110 so as not to overcool the kneaded product. On the other hand, in the high-temperature fermentation area 112 and the start-up area 114, it is necessary to increase the supply amount of oxygen because the fermentation rate is fast, and it is necessary to quickly evaporate water from the kneaded material to facilitate aerobic fermentation. There is. For these reasons, in the high-temperature fermentation area 112 and the start-up area 114, the upper and lower intervals between the pallets 56 are increased to ensure sufficient air permeability. Furthermore, as the air supplied from the secondary fermentation area 110 to the high-temperature fermentation area 112 and the start-up area 114 rises, the CO2 concentration gradually increases and the absolute humidity also increases. In area 114, it is necessary to increase the vertical pitch of the pallet. In addition, you may arrange | position the high temperature fermentation area 112 in the lowest part, and the secondary fermentation area 110 in the middle stage.
[0042]
The temperature distribution in the vertical direction in the automatic warehouse 24 is as shown on the right side of FIG. 7, for example. In the secondary fermentation area 110, the temperature is slightly higher than the outside temperature, but since the fermentation is gentle and the calorific value is small, the temperature rise is slight. In the high temperature fermentation area 112, the temperature of the kneaded product reaches a maximum of about 70 ° C., so that the temperature also increases rapidly, the absolute humidity increases, and the CO 2 concentration also increases. In the start-up area 114, the initial pallet carried into the automatic warehouse 24 is placed, which corresponds to the start-up time of fermentation, so the calorific value is small and the amount of CO2 generated is small. Many. The pallet in this area is warmed by the air heated in the high-temperature fermentation area 112, and this heat is used to start the fermentation and promptly start the high-temperature fermentation.
[0043]
The heat exchanger 118 has two modes: a mode in which heat from the exhaust is recovered and the supply air is heated, and a mode in which heat exchange is not performed. In winter and cold regions, heat exchange is performed to recover heat from the exhaust, and heat exchange may not be performed in summer and warm regions. The plurality of valves 122 can be opened and closed independently, and the amount of air supplied is changed by operating the opening of the valve 122. In addition to this, a CO2 sensor or odor sensor (not shown) may be provided to determine the amount of air supply so that the CO2 concentration in the exhaust gas is constant or the odor intensity in the exhaust gas is less than a predetermined value. good.
[0044]
As an environment in the automatic warehouse 24, a desired temperature distribution is created by controlling the amount of air supply, whether or not heat is exchanged between exhaust and air supply, and opening and closing a plurality of valves 122 provided in the vertical direction. be able to. The pallet stored in the automatic warehouse 24 is initially stored in the start-up area 114, heated with heat from the high-temperature fermentation area 112 to accelerate the start-up of ripening, and transferred to the high-temperature fermentation area 112 when high-temperature fermentation starts. Thus, the rising area 114 is used as a heat source. When the temperature drop of the kneaded material from the high temperature fermentation starts, it is moved to the secondary fermentation area 110 and the aeration amount is reduced by reducing the vertical pitch of the pallet 56, etc., and matured over a week at a relatively low temperature. To complete.
[0045]
In addition to the normal area 102, the rack of the automatic warehouse 24 includes a drying area 104 and a heating area 105. The drying area 104 is an area for storing the pallet that has been aged for about one day, supplying air to the inside of the kneaded material, and accelerating drying by providing a heater. Then, by drying the kneaded material in the drying area 104, an appropriate water content (about 60 to 65%) is obtained from the beginning when kneaded with organic waste as the next processing base material. That is, since the moisture content of organic waste is about 70 to 95%, if the aged kneaded material is kneaded with organic waste without drying, the moisture content may be too high in summer, etc. In the drying area 104, the kneaded product is dried. The drying area 104 may be operated in the same way as the normal area 102 in the dry season such as winter, or may be used as an area for supplying warm air into the kneaded material to speed up the start-up. .
[0046]
The heating area 105 is an area for heating the kneaded material whose initial temperature is too low, the kneaded material in which the ripening does not rise even in the rising area 114, and starting the ripening. The heating area 105 may also be used as the drying area 104.
[0047]
FIG. 9 shows an aging management algorithm. Pallets that have been stored in the automatic warehouse are initially stored in the start-up area, where the surrounding air temperature is increased, the ventilation rate is increased, and maturation is started. In the automatic warehouse, for example, the temperature of the kneaded material is measured once a day, a temperature history is recorded, and the aging status is determined based on the temperature history. However, the moisture content of the kneaded product, the type of odor (a strong ammonia odor or a strong compost odor), a color tone (dark and strong compost color intensity), etc. may be used to determine the aging state. . When fermentation starts up, the shelf is changed to a high-temperature fermentation area using a stacker crane, and the kneaded product at this time is characterized by a large calorific value, and the pitch between the pallets is increased to increase the ventilation rate. .
[0048]
The period from entering the automatic warehouse to the end of the high-temperature fermentation is usually about one week, and when the high-temperature fermentation is completed, the temperature of the kneaded product is lowered. When it is detected that the high temperature fermentation is finished from similar characteristics such as a decrease in the temperature of the kneaded product or a decrease in the moisture content, the pallet is moved to the lower secondary fermentation area by the stacker crane. The characteristics of secondary fermentation are that the calorific value is small and the required amount of oxygen is small, and the amount of aeration is reduced accordingly. Then, when the temperature of the kneaded material is lowered to a predetermined temperature, it is assumed that the aging has been completed, and after moving to the drying area and drying for about one day, the foreign matter is removed by sieving and weighed to determine the next processing base material. To do.
[0049]
Abnormalities in the ripening process are manifested in the delay in the start of fermentation. Therefore, the presence or absence of abnormalities is checked from the number of days until the temperature of the kneaded material starts to rise in earnest after warehousing, or the temperature and moisture content at the time when a predetermined number of days have elapsed after warehousing. If there is an abnormality, processing such as raising the temperature of the kneaded product or lowering the moisture content is performed by moving to a drying area or heating area. In addition to this, the pallet may be taken out of the automatic warehouse and kneaded again, or processing such as adding microorganisms may be performed. In the flowchart of FIG. 9, returning to the original process does not mean changing the shelf, but means continuing aging in the original area such as the high-temperature fermentation area.
[0050]
10 to 13 show the temperature control of the kneaded material. 10 and 11 show examples in which the temperature sensor 130 is provided on the pallet 56 and the air pipe 132 is provided. A plurality of temperature sensors 130 are preferably arranged at the position where the kneaded material 57 is placed, and particularly preferably arranged around the center and around the periphery. In addition to the temperature sensor 130, a moisture content sensor or the like may be arranged. The air pipe 132 is a pipe provided with a large number of air discharge holes, and is arranged so as to supply air from the vicinity of the bottom of the kneaded material 57, 133 is an air supply pipe, and 134 is a joint. The air pipe 132 is used in the drying area, and as shown in FIG. 11, an air supply pipe 136 is attached to the shelf support 135 and the like and connected to a joint 134 to supply air. The connection between the joint 134 and the air supply pipe 136 can be realized by lowering the pallet 56 with a stacker crane, and the stacker crane is accurate enough to align the joint 134 and the air supply pipe 136. The air supply pipe 136 supplies air that is not heated during normal drying, but when starting fermentation from a pallet where the start-up of the fermentation is delayed or when the temperature of the entire automatic warehouse is lowered in winter, etc. It is preferable to accelerate the start-up by supplying warm air from the air supply pipe 136.
[0051]
12 and 13 are examples in which the infrared camera 142 is provided on the lifting platform 141 of the stacker crane 26, 140 is a mast for lifting the lifting platform 141, and the infrared camera 142 is attached to the lifting platform 141, for example. Then, an infrared image of the kneaded material 57 is taken by the infrared camera 142, and the temperature distribution is obtained. At this time, the pallet 56 may or may not be provided with an air pipe. And when not providing an air pipe, when moving to a drying area, a pallet is changed and it arranges on a pallet with an air pipe, and it dries.
[0052]
In the examples, the heat generated by fermentation in the automatic warehouse was used to form areas with different temperatures along the vertical direction of the automatic warehouse. In addition, using the fact that the required air supply amount differs depending on the fermentation stage, the pitch of the pallet in the vertical direction was reduced at the lower part of the rack, and the pitch was increased at the middle part and the upper part. In addition to this, the presence / absence of heat exchange was used, the air flow rate was controlled, and the air supply amount from each height in the vertical direction was controlled by a valve. Thus, a desired environment can be created along the vertical direction of the automatic warehouse. In the horizontal direction, an environment was prepared in which necessary treatment can be performed by providing a drying area and a heating area in addition to the normal area. The aging stage was determined from the temperature of the pallet, etc., so that it could be ripened in an environment corresponding to the aging stage. Most of the heat source used is the heat of fermentation from the kneaded product and can be subjected to aging that is extremely suitable for energy saving.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a plan view showing a layout of an organic waste treatment system according to an embodiment. FIG. 2 is a plan view showing a kneading and serving machine used in the embodiment. FIG. 3 shows a shaker used in the embodiment. Plan view [Fig. 4] Side view showing the sieve and weighing machine used in the embodiment. [Fig. 5] Process diagram showing the cycle of garbage annihilation in the embodiment. [Fig. 6] Compost manufacturing process in the embodiment. FIG. 7 is a vertical sectional view of the automatic warehouse used in the embodiment. FIG. 8 is a plan view of the automatic warehouse used in the embodiment. FIG. 9 is a flowchart showing an algorithm for aging management in the embodiment. 10 is a plan view of a pallet used in the embodiment. FIG. 11 is a cross-sectional view showing air supply to the pallet in the drying area in the embodiment. FIG. 12 is an infrared camera provided on the lifting platform of the stacker crane in the modified example. FIG. 13 is a plan view showing a star in a modified example. Front view showing the lifting platform of the kicker crane 【Explanation of symbols】
2 Organic Waste Treatment System 4 Pit 5 Conveyor 6 Crusher 7 Soil Deodorizing Units 10, 11 Kneading and Serving Machines 12-18 Conveyor 19 Work Area 20, 21 Sprinkler 22 Conveyor 24 Pallet Automatic Warehouse 25 Traveling Route 26 Stacker Crane 28, 29 Racks 31 to 33 Station 40 Sieve / weighing machine 42 Case automatic warehouse 44 Stacker crane 45, 46 Rack 48 Station 50 Flat place 52 Garbage case 53 Garbage 54 Processing base material case 55 Processing base material 56 Pallet 57 Kneaded material 60 Feeder 62 Crusher Feeder 64 Kneading Part 65 Screw Conveyor 66 Collapsing Surface 68 Nozzle 70 Hole 72 Hopper 73 Swing Conveyor 74 Dropper Hole 80 Reverse Feeder 82 Hopper 84 Sieve 86 Hopper 88 Meter 89 Duct 90 Foreign Material Pallet 102 Normal Area 104 Dried Eli A 105 Heating area 110 Secondary fermentation area 112 High temperature fermentation area 114 Startup area 116 Air supply path 118 Heat exchanger 120 Air supply duct 122 Valve 130 Temperature sensor 131 Communication terminal 132 Air pipe 133 Air supply pipe 134 Joint 135 Shelf receiver 136 Supply Trachea 140 mast 141 lifting platform 142 infrared camera

Claims (2)

A kneading means for kneading a treatment base material containing microorganisms with organic waste and an automatic warehouse for storing the kneaded material on a pallet and storing it for a predetermined period of time are provided, An organic waste processing method for supplying to the kneading means as a processing base material for kneading with the next organic waste,
In the automatic warehouse , a non-uniform environment is formed along the vertical direction of the automatic warehouse using the fermentation heat of the kneaded material, and the pallet is moved and matured in the automatic warehouse according to the aging stage of the kneaded material. A method for treating organic waste, characterized by comprising: A kneading means for kneading a treatment base material containing microorganisms with organic waste and an automatic warehouse for storing the kneaded material on a pallet and storing it for a predetermined period of time are provided, An organic waste treatment system for supplying to the kneading means as a processing base material for kneading with the next organic waste,
In the automatic warehouse , a non-uniform environment is formed along the vertical direction of the automatic warehouse due to the fermentation heat of the kneaded material, and the pallet in the automatic warehouse according to the maturation stage of the kneaded material by the conveying means of the automatic warehouse. The organic waste treatment system is characterized in that the upper and lower positions are moved to different positions for aging.

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