JP2002248454A - Treating apparatus for organic waste - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a treating method by which organic waste such as an excretion, a sewage sludge or a food residue is fermented in a short period without generating malodor and a completely matured manure of a good quality can easily be manufactured, and an apparatus using this method. SOLUTION: This treating apparatus for organic waste comprises a first apparatus 1 having a means to mix the organic waste A as a raw material and a moisture conditioning material B and, if necessary, an auxiliary material C and stir and grind the mixture and a second apparatus 17 which receives the raw material D with a conditioned moisture conveyed from the first device 1 through a connecting path 16 and extrudes the raw material D through a pressurizing and kneading process and further, heats up the raw material D via a stricture window into a lumpy bar form, which, in turn, passes through a subsequent cutting and grinding process. Thus the raw material D composed of the organic substance is kept under optimal conditions with regard to the moisture content, temperature and the like. Consequently, the extermination of pathogenic vermins and saprophytic bacteria and the decomposition of agricultural chemicals, chemical fertilizers and the like contained in the raw material with the effect to make these materials harmless are achieved.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to an apparatus for treating an organic substance, and more particularly to a method for converting a water content and a temperature of an organic substance, granulation and energy (heat quantity) into a fully-ripened fertilizer or feed. The present invention relates to an organic substance processing apparatus capable of maintaining optimal conditions.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Conventional agriculture has continued to use large amounts of pesticides and chemical fertilizers in order to increase yields and reduce working hours. As a result, humus is reduced, the aggregated structure of the soil is lost, microorganisms and small animals die, and various problems such as desertification of the soil, salt damage, damage by heavy metals, etc. occur, and eventually The crop yield decreased. In addition, crops became unhealthy due to a decrease in micronutrients, and the damage caused by various pests increased. In order to prevent or exterminate it, the cycle of mass consumption of pesticides has been repeated. The resulting crop loses its inherent sweetness and softness, and is a hard and less sweet crop. Problems such as residual agricultural chemicals and environmental hormones also occur.

[0003] In recent years, agriculture with organic fertilizer has been gradually reconsidered. Soil consisting of organic fertilizers from animal and plant wastes contains an appropriate amount of fresh humus, and the law of natural reduction is fully adapted. Also, in the soil containing micronutrients, the roots of crops,
Molds, microorganisms, earthworms, etc. live and maintain coexistence with each other. As a result, the formation of agglomeration of the soil, the improvement of water retention capacity, the creation of a swelling soil, the ease of cultivation and the porosity are increased, and the damage by heavy metals due to the combination of humus and heavy metals is reduced. The growth environment of
The crop will grow healthy.

[0004]

However, although some of the organic waste, whose emission has been increasing year by year, is incinerated, a huge amount of fossil fuel is consumed for such treatment, and as a result, This has led to the emission of large amounts of greenhouse gases and environmental hormones. Manure, which is a livestock waste, is mostly piled up in the field, causing various problems such as pests, groundwater pollution, and foul odors.

[0005] On the other hand, composting organic waste by a general method requires a long time of about 6 months to 3 years, and aerobic fermentation may not be completed even depending on the sedimentation state. The decay due to anaerobic fermentation progresses, and the odor continues to be released. In addition, there is a problem that the influence of the wind, rain, temperature, and other factors is applied over a long period of time, so that the loss of the active ingredient becomes extremely severe.

[0006] In general, organic waste has a water content of about 10 to 10 after composting by its own calorific value.
It cannot be reduced to about 30%, and usually about 40 to 60%. For this reason, handling is inconvenient, and in general, most commercially available composts are not fully matured composts but generate a bad smell, and thus have an adverse effect on the fertilized plants.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention is to solve the above-mentioned various problems at once, and to ferment organic substances such as food residues, sludge, and manure in the shortest time without generating an odor. It is an object of the present invention to provide an apparatus for treating organic substances, which makes it possible to easily produce ripe compost or fermented feed.

[0008]

In order to achieve the above object, an organic substance processing apparatus according to the present invention uses an organic substance as a raw material, and mixes the organic substance with a moisture adjusting material and, if necessary, an auxiliary material. A first device having a means for stirring and pulverizing, and a moisture-adjusted raw material carried out from the first device are received via a connecting path, pressurized and kneaded and extruded, and the temperature is raised through a narrowed window to form a block. Characterized by having a second device having means for cutting and crushing, the raw material composed of organic substances, such as moisture content and temperature will be maintained at optimal conditions,
It is designed to eliminate pests and germs, decompose vegetation and seeds, and decompose and detoxify pesticides and chemical fertilizers that may be contained in raw materials.

Further, in the organic substance processing apparatus according to the present invention, the first apparatus includes a hopper, a stirring screw installed in a double row at the same height position in the hopper, and A screw for unloading installed at the bottom of the hopper, and the stirring screw winds a helical body through a stay on a central axis where wing pieces are radially installed, and a cutting blade that fits the helical body with the cutting blade. The hopper is provided on the inner wall surface of the hopper, and is configured to efficiently perform stirring and granulation for adjusting the water content of the organic substance.

Further, in the organic substance processing apparatus according to the present invention, the second apparatus may communicate with an upper conveying path communicating with a raw material receiving port and a downstream side of the upper conveying path. A lower convey path, wherein the upper convey path forms a progressive screw and blades on the upstream side, and a stenosis window which can be slidably adjusted on the downstream side, and a lump-shaped object obtained through the stenosis window The lower conveying path forms a progressive screw and blades on the upstream side and a crushing blade that slides on the blades, and a reverse blade near the discharge port on the downstream side. It is characterized by forming a growing environment, using a frictional resistance heat to prepare a growth environment for microorganisms such as aerobic high-temperature fermenting bacteria, preventing, inhibiting or sterilizing the activity of medium-low temperature bacteria, composting and feed. It is configured so that it can be easily transferred to a final processed product such as a product.

Further, the organic substance processing apparatus according to the invention according to claim 4 is a measuring instrument for measuring the water content of the raw material passing through the connecting path from the first apparatus to the second apparatus. Provided with a control device for operating the supply means of the moisture adjusting material according to the measurement value of the measuring device, so that the adjustment of the moisture content of the organic substance in the first device can be efficiently controlled. It is composed.

[0012]

Next, an embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings for producing an organic fertilizer. In the figure, reference numeral 1 denotes a first device, which is a device for adjusting an organic substance to about 60%, which is an optimum water content for aerobic fermentation. Input port 2
A hopper 3 having an organic substance A and a water conditioning material B or an auxiliary material C in addition to the organic substance A.
Can be supplied via the supply means 4. In addition, in order to prevent the unpleasant odor from the untreated organic substance which has just been supplied to the hopper 3 and to prevent the odor from being scattered and to take safety measures, the charging port 2 is used.
May be closed (using a sliding shutter or the like).

The organic substance A is, for example, sewage sludge alone or a mixture of sewage sludge with food waste, garbage such as vegetable waste and fish. In addition, moisture adjusting material B
Is an organic substance having a water content of less than 60%, such as rice crackers, dried noodles, and fully-ripened compost. Further, the auxiliary material C is
For example, it is a microorganism or a chemical substance, a porous substance such as charcoal, or the like, and is supplied as needed.

The hopper 3 has a double trunk 3a, 3b and a bottom 3c therebetween, and is supported by an outer frame 6. Stirring screws 5a, 5b are installed in the double body portions 3a, 3b of the hopper 3 so as to extend vertically along the axial direction without interfering with each other, and an unloading screw 5c is provided at the bottom 3c. It is installed longitudinally along the axial direction.

As shown in FIG. 3, the stirring screws 5a and 5b in the twin barrel portions 3a and 3b of the hopper 3
And a wing piece 8 radially implanted around the central axis 7 and a spiral body 10 wound around a stay 9 erected on the central axis 7 in a state of floating in a T-shaped section. The wing piece 8 may be different from the spiral body 10 in the direction in which the raw material and the like are transferred. For example, when the wings 8 transfer the raw material and the like from left to right in FIG. 3, the spiral 10 transfers the material from right to left. This is effective for improving the stirring and mixing properties of the raw materials and the like and the uniform stirring properties.

As shown in FIG. 4, the agitating screws 5a and 5b may be formed such that the spiral direction of the spiral body 10 is reversed. In addition, by driving the driving machines 11a and 11b in the same direction, different directions, or a combination thereof, the driving machines 11a and 11b are rotated from outside to inside as shown by solid arrows, from inside to outside as shown by broken arrows, and the like. Becomes possible. Therefore, depending on the rotation direction of both screws 5a, 5b, the transfer direction of the raw material and the like may be the same direction, or in the opposite direction, for example, when the screw 5a transfers the raw material and the like from left to right,
In some cases, the screw 5b may transfer raw materials and the like from right to left. That is, in the latter case, the raw material is
It can be largely circulated in the inside, and the stirring and mixing property or the uniform stirring property can be enhanced.

The inner wall surface of the hopper 3 (the twin barrels 3a, 3a
A cutting blade 12 is provided at an appropriate position on the inner wall surface b of the screw 5a, 5b so as to fit with the spiral body 10 of each of the screws 5a, 5b so that the raw material and the like under stirring can be crushed and pulverized.

The unloading screw 5c installed in the lowermost portion 3c of the hopper 3 extends vertically to the inside of the cylindrical portion 3c 'protruding outside the wall continuously from the lowermost portion 3c. D can be quantitatively discharged from a discharge port 13 provided on the lower surface of the cylindrical portion 3c '. The main part of the unloading screw 5c is a progressive screw 15a capable of transferring the moisture-regulated raw material to the outlet 13 by driving the driving device 14, and the portion corresponding to the outlet 13 is a reverse blade. It is a piece 15b. The reciprocating blade 15 is effective for preventing the moisture-adjusted raw material D to be discharged from clogging the cylindrical portion 3c 'and for surely guiding the raw material D to the discharge port 13. An oblique plate 3c "is provided at the upstream corner (left corner in FIG. 3) of the bottommost portion 3c of the hopper 3 through which the unloading screw 5c vertically passes. The unloading screw 5c is reversed. In some cases, the raw materials and the like are released upward as indicated by arrows to prevent the raw materials and the like from being clogged in the corners, thereby contributing to the improvement of uniform stirring.

The moisture-adjusted raw material D carried out of the first device 1 by the carry-out screw 5c is, as shown in FIG.
It is conveyed to the receiving port 17 'of the second device 17 via the connecting path 16 in which a conveyor (not shown) is installed. The connecting path 16 is provided with a measuring device 18 for measuring the moisture content of the raw material D during passage.

The moisture content measuring device 18 is provided on the side of the hopper 3 or the cylindrical portion 3 through which the unloading screw 5c passes vertically.
It may be provided at c 'or the like. The moisture content measuring device 18 transmits the measured value (signal) to the control device 19, and the control device 19 which has received the signal transmits an operation signal to the supply means 4, and the raw material etc. in the first device 1 The moisture content is adjusted. That is, when the moisture content of the raw materials and the like in the first device 1 is too high, the supply means 4 is operated to supply the moisture adjusting material,
If the moisture content is too low, supply organic substances,
The moisture content of the raw material and the like discharged by the unloading screw 5c is always set to an appropriate value.

The second device 17 is provided with a moisture-adjusted raw material D.
And a lower transport path 17b communicating with the downstream side of the upper transport path 17a. These upper transport path 17a and lower transport path 17
Each of b is constituted by a horizontally long drum body, and is supported in a stepped manner by the frame body 20 as shown in FIG.

In the upper conveying path 17a, a conical shaft 22 connected to a driving device 21 extends vertically through the drum body.
A forward screw 23 is formed in a front stage on the upstream side, a blade piece 24 is formed in a rear stage so as to exhibit a radial shape, and a stenosis channel device 25 which is slidably adjustable is formed in a downstream side.

The moisture-adjusted raw material D is supplied to the upper conveying path 17.
Within a, the temperature is increased by frictional heat at the time of compression when being kneaded and extruded by the progressive screw 23 and the blade piece 24 and passed through the narrowed flow path device 25. This increase in temperature contributes to the formation of temperature conditions suitable for compost fermentation, and at the same time, eliminates pests and germs contained in the raw material D, decomposes vegetation and seeds, and decomposes and harms pesticides and chemicals contained in the raw material D. Function as if

As shown in FIG. 6, the stenotic flow path device 25 has a shielding plate 26 that shields the periphery of the conical shaft 22 that vertically passes through the drum body of the upper transport path 17a (both sides in the figure).
Windows 26a and 26b provided on the front side, a slide plate (blind plate) 27 provided on the front surface of the shielding plate 26, and the slide plate 27
And a driving device 27 'for driving the vertical direction. The shielding plate 26 is firmly attached to the upper transport path 17a by supporting means (fixing flange) 26 '.

A temperature sensor 28 is provided in front of the stenosis channel device 25. When the temperature of the moisture-adjusted raw material D exceeds the set temperature range, the temperature sensor 28 drives the slide plate 27 to the driving device 27 ′ of the constricted channel device 25 in a direction to open the windows 26 a and 26 b. While the operation signal is transmitted as described above, when the temperature does not reach the set temperature range, the operation signal for driving the slide plate 27 in the direction to close the slide plate 27 is transmitted to the driving device 27 '. That is, the slide plate 27
By adjusting the widths of the narrowed windows 26a and 26b, the temperature of the raw material D can be freely adjusted by frictional heat.

Thus, the raw material D having passed through the narrowed windows 26a and 26b becomes a lump E. The lump-shaped material E is cut into chips by a cutting blade (cutting rod) 29 provided around the conical shaft 22 behind the stenosis window, and is sent to the lower conveying path 17b through the communication hole 30 by its gravity. ing.

In the lower transport path 17b, a conical shaft 32 connected to a driving device 31 passes vertically through the drum body.
A forward screw 33 is formed at a front stage on the upstream side, and a wing piece 34 is formed at a rear stage so as to exhibit a radial shape. The progressive screw 33 is for transporting the chip-like material fed through the communication hole 30 toward the downstream side (in the direction of the arrow), and the wings 34 are provided on the inner wall of the lower transport path 17b. This is for re-grinding the chip-like material with the cutting blade 35.

Further, on the downstream side of the conical shaft 32, a reciprocating blade piece 36 is formed. The reciprocating blade piece 36 functions to efficiently discharge the pulverized material F re-ground between the radial blade piece 34 and the cutting blade 35 from the discharge port 37 to the outside of the machine.

Thus, the discharge port 37 of the lower transport path 17b
The crushed material F discharged from the fermentation place (not shown) as a fine granular processed product (suitable for compost fermentation) through a transfer path 38 equipped with a transfer conveyor (not shown) as shown in FIG. ). This fermentation place is not particularly specified as long as it is a place where the treated product is not easily affected by wind, rain, direct sunlight or the like, or a place where the treated product is not affected, or a place with moderate ventilation. In this fermentation site, the pulverized material F is kept at a pile height of about 60 to 200 cm, and is turned back about once every about 1 to 2 days, or is preferably air-less or stirred. By supplementing oxygen necessary for the activity of the aerial fermentation bacteria, the fermentation can be completed in a short time.

In the above description, only one hopper 3 of the first apparatus 1 is shown, but a plurality of hoppers may be connected in parallel or in series as needed. That is, in some cases, it is more convenient to adjust the water content for each type of organic substance A (sludge, garbage, etc.), for example, 3 m3
This is because it is sometimes convenient to connect three 1 m3 hoppers in series instead of the above hopper.

[0031]

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS In the hopper 3 of the first apparatus 1, 3 tons of vegetable waste and a water-conditioning material (a mixture of almost fully-ripened compost and peach grass) are added as raw materials in a ratio of 1: 1. After that, the screws 5a and 5b are rotated at 3 times / minute,
After stirring for about 10 minutes, when the raw material is uniformly stirred so that the water content becomes about 60%, the lower fixed-quantity carrying-out screw 6 is rotated at 15 rotations / minute to carry out the same, which is then connected to the connecting path 16 having a built-in conveyor. And transported to the receiving port 17 'of the second device 17 via the.

The size of the stenosis window of the slide type stenosis passage device 25 in the upper conveying path 17a of the second device 17 is set to about 250 cm.
In a state where the number of rotations was reduced to 2, the rotation speed of the conical shaft 22 was rotated at about 60 times / minute. As a result, the raw material is pressurized and the stenosis window 26 is
a, extruded from 26b, 105 ° due to frictional heat
It rose to C.

The raw material that has passed through the narrowed windows 26a and 26b is solidified and extruded into a lump shape, cut into chips by a cutting blade (cutting rod) 29, and sent to the lower conveying path 17b through the communication port 30. . This chip-like material is attached to the wing piece 34 and the cutting blade 3 in the lower conveying path 17b.
5 and about 1 to 2 mm,
From the fermentation site via the transport path 38 and fermented for 20 days.

The compost produced by the above procedure had no bad smell. As a result of the component inspection, a dry compost having a water content of 25% was obtained. It was also found that it contained a lot of effective fertilizer components. In addition, the compost 100%
When vegetables such as cucumber and tomato were cultivated pesticide-free in this condition, they had sweetness and luster, and a firm one was completed. This proved that the compost had an excellent effect on plants and soil microorganisms.

[0035]

As described above, the present invention relates to a first apparatus having a means for mixing and stirring and pulverizing an organic substance as a raw material, a water adjusting material and, if necessary, an auxiliary material. And a second device having means for receiving the moisture-adjusted raw material carried out from the one device via the connecting path, pressurizing and kneading and extruding, raising the temperature through a narrowing window, forming a block and cutting and pulverizing. Because it is characterized by the fact that the raw material composed of organic substances, the water content and temperature etc. will be kept under optimal conditions, control of pests and germs, decomposition of plant seeds, may be included in the raw material It can decompose and detoxify pesticides and chemicals. Therefore, the deposition height is about 60 to 200 cm in a place where the treated material is not easily affected by wind, rain, direct sunlight, etc.
It is possible to complete the fermentation in a short period of time by turning back about once every two days, or by supplying an appropriate amount of oxygen necessary for the activity of the aerobic fermentative bacteria by aeration or a stirrer. In the case of anaerobic fermentation (including facultative anaerobic fermentation) such as lactic acid fermentation, anaerobic fermentation can be completed in a short period of time by depositing the processed material in a place where oxygen is blocked And various other excellent effects.

Further, in the apparatus for treating an organic substance according to the second aspect of the present invention, the first apparatus comprises: a hopper; a stirring screw provided in a double row at the same height position in the hopper; And a screw for unloading installed at the lowest part of the hopper, wherein the stirring screw winds a helical body via a stay on a central axis on which the wing pieces are radially installed, and the cutting blade that fits into the helical body. Since it is characterized in that it is provided on the inner wall surface of the hopper, it has an excellent effect that stirring and granulation for adjusting the water content of the organic substance can be efficiently performed.

Further, in the organic substance processing apparatus according to the third aspect of the present invention, there is provided an apparatus for treating an organic substance, wherein the second apparatus communicates with a raw material receiving port and a lower conveying path which communicates with a downstream side of the upper conveying path. Having a conveying path, the upper conveying path forms a progressive screw and blades on the upstream side, and a stenosis window that can be slidably adjusted on the downstream side, and a lump-shaped object obtained through the stenosis window. A cutting blade for cutting is formed, the lower conveying path forms a progressive screw and a wing piece on the upstream side and a crushing blade fitted to the wing piece, and a reverse wing piece near the discharge port on the downstream side. Because it is characterized by forming, it uses frictional resistance heat to prepare the growth environment of microorganisms such as aerobic high temperature fermentation bacteria, inhibits or inhibits the activity of medium and low temperature bacteria, sterilizes, composting and It has an excellent effect that it can create a form that can be easily transferred to final processed products such as feed Than it is.

Further, in the organic substance processing apparatus according to the present invention, the measuring device for measuring the moisture content of the raw material passing through the connecting path from the first apparatus to the second apparatus. Is provided, and a control device for operating the supply means of the moisture adjusting material based on the measurement value of the measuring device is provided, so that the adjustment of the moisture content of the organic substance in the first device can be efficiently controlled. This is an excellent effect.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a side view showing a linked state between a first device and a second device.

FIG. 2 is an enlarged side sectional view of the first device.

FIG. 3 is an enlarged sectional view of the first device as viewed from the front side.

FIG. 4 is an enlarged plan view of the first device.

FIG. 5 is an enlarged side sectional view of the second device.

FIG. 6 is a front view of a stenosis channel adjustable in a sliding manner.

FIG. 7 is a plan view of a stenosis channel adjustable in a sliding manner.

[Description of Signs] 1 First device 2 Input port 3 Hopper 3a, 3b Double trunk 3c Bottom portion 3c 'Cylindrical portion 3c "Slanted plate 5a, 5b Stirring screw 5c Unloading screw 6 Outer frame 7 Center shaft 8 Blade Piece 9 stay 10 spiral body 11a, 11b drive unit 12 cutting blade 13 discharge port 14 drive unit 15 reciprocating blade piece 16 connecting path 17 second unit 17 ′ receiving port 18 measuring unit 19 control unit 20 frame unit 21 drive unit 22 pyramid shaft Reference Signs List 23 Progressive screw 24 Radial wing piece 25 Stenosis channel device 26 Shielding plate 26a, 26b Stenosis window 26 'Support means (fixing flange) 27 Slide plate (blind plate) 27' Driver 28 Temperature sensor 29 Cutting blade (cutting rod) ) 30 communication hole 31 drive machine 32 cone axis 33 progressive screw 34 radial wing piece 35 cutting blade 36 reverse wing piece 37 discharge port 3 8 Conveyance path A Organic substance B Moisture adjusting material C Auxiliary material D Moisture-adjusted raw material E Lump F F Pulverized material

 ──────────────────────────────────────────────────続 き Continued on the front page F-term (reference) 4D004 AA01 AA03 AA04 AC05 BA04 CA04 CA14 CA15 CA19 CB05 CB13 CB16 CB28 CC08 4D059 AA01 AA07 BA01 BA34 BF16 BJ02 CB06 CC01 CC02 4H061 AA03 CC35 CC42 CC55 GG06 GG13 GG10 GG12 GG69 GG70 HH42

Claims (4)

[Claims] 1. A first device having an organic substance as a raw material, and a means for mixing, stirring and pulverizing a water adjusting material and an auxiliary material as necessary, and a water adjusting device carried out from the first device. And a second device having means for receiving the used raw material through the connecting path, pressurizing and kneading and extruding, raising the temperature through the narrowing window, forming a block and cutting and pulverizing the material. Processing equipment. 2. The first device has a hopper, a stirring screw installed in a double row at the same height position in the hopper, and an unloading screw installed at the bottom of the hopper, 2. The stirring screw according to claim 1, wherein a spiral body is wound around a central axis on which the blade pieces are radially installed via a stay, and a cutting blade that slides on the spiral body is provided on an inner wall surface of the hopper. An apparatus for treating an organic substance according to claim 1. 3. The apparatus according to claim 2, wherein the second device has an upper conveying path communicating with a raw material receiving port and a lower conveying path communicating with a downstream side of the upper conveying path. Forming a feeding screw and a wing piece, forming a stenosis window which can be slidably adjusted downstream, and a cutting blade for cutting a lump-shaped material obtained through the stenosis window, wherein the lower transport path is upstream 3. A forward feed screw, a wing piece, and a crushing blade fitted to the wing piece are formed on the side, and a reverse feed wing piece is formed near the downstream discharge port. Organic substance processing equipment. 4. A measuring device for measuring a moisture content of a raw material passing therethrough is provided in a connecting path from the first device to the second device, and a supply means of a moisture adjusting material is operated based on a measured value of the measuring device. 4. A control device comprising:
An organic substance processing apparatus according to claim 1.