CN114940641A - Organic fertilizer production process - Google Patents
Organic fertilizer production process Download PDFInfo
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- CN114940641A CN114940641A CN202210695098.1A CN202210695098A CN114940641A CN 114940641 A CN114940641 A CN 114940641A CN 202210695098 A CN202210695098 A CN 202210695098A CN 114940641 A CN114940641 A CN 114940641A
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- 239000003895 organic fertilizer Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 30
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 16
- 238000000855 fermentation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 85
- 230000004151 fermentation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 85
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 38
- 239000010902 straw Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 210000003608 fece Anatomy 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 241000193744 Bacillus amyloliquefaciens Species 0.000 claims description 26
- 238000009423 ventilation Methods 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000001963 growth medium Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 230000000813 microbial effect Effects 0.000 claims description 11
- 241000187761 Streptomyces albidoflavus Species 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000009264 composting Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000001580 bacterial effect Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 235000008733 Citrus aurantifolia Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000011941 Tilia x europaea Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000004332 deodorization Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000004571 lime Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 6
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- 241000187747 Streptomyces Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 abstract description 17
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 abstract description 11
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 abstract description 7
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 6
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- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 abstract description 6
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- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05D—INORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C; FERTILISERS PRODUCING CARBON DIOXIDE
- C05D3/00—Calcareous fertilisers
- C05D3/02—Calcareous fertilisers from limestone, calcium carbonate, calcium hydrate, slaked lime, calcium oxide, waste calcium products
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
- C05F17/20—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation using specific microorganisms or substances, e.g. enzymes, for activating or stimulating the treatment
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
- C05F17/50—Treatments combining two or more different biological or biochemical treatments, e.g. anaerobic and aerobic treatment or vermicomposting and aerobic treatment
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
- C05F17/90—Apparatus therefor
- C05F17/95—Devices in which the material is conveyed essentially vertically between inlet and discharge means
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
- C05F17/90—Apparatus therefor
- C05F17/964—Constructional parts, e.g. floors, covers or doors
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
- C05F17/90—Apparatus therefor
- C05F17/964—Constructional parts, e.g. floors, covers or doors
- C05F17/971—Constructional parts, e.g. floors, covers or doors for feeding or discharging materials to be treated; for feeding or discharging other material
- C05F17/979—Constructional parts, e.g. floors, covers or doors for feeding or discharging materials to be treated; for feeding or discharging other material the other material being gaseous
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/80—Soil conditioners
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
- C12N1/00—Microorganisms, e.g. protozoa; Compositions thereof; Processes of propagating, maintaining or preserving microorganisms or compositions thereof; Processes of preparing or isolating a composition containing a microorganism; Culture media therefor
- C12N1/20—Bacteria; Culture media therefor
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- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12R—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES C12C - C12Q, RELATING TO MICROORGANISMS
- C12R2001/00—Microorganisms ; Processes using microorganisms
- C12R2001/01—Bacteria or Actinomycetales ; using bacteria or Actinomycetales
- C12R2001/07—Bacillus
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12R—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES C12C - C12Q, RELATING TO MICROORGANISMS
- C12R2001/00—Microorganisms ; Processes using microorganisms
- C12R2001/01—Bacteria or Actinomycetales ; using bacteria or Actinomycetales
- C12R2001/465—Streptomyces
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/40—Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse
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- Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
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- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Fertilizers (AREA)
- Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses an organic fertilizer production process, which belongs to the field of organic fertilizer production, and comprises excrement, and specifically comprises the following steps: the method comprises the following steps: fermenting the feces with biogas, and taking biogas residues; step two: stirring the biogas residue mixed chaff, straw and bran, putting the mixture into a fermentation tank, and linearly raising the temperature in the tank to 45 ℃ within 48 hours; compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that: compared with the traditional method for manufacturing organic fertilizer, the method for manufacturing the biological organic fertilizer by fermenting the vinasse with the composite microbial inoculum; test results show that the composite microbial inoculum fermented lees for producing the bio-organic fertilizer optimizes the soil microenvironment and has far better fertilizer efficiency than the traditional organic fertilizer on plants; the fermentation cylinder that this scheme used can be at the automatic oxygen of annotating of fermentation stirring in-process, and oxygen is injected into by the bottom, has improved fermentation efficiency, and during the reverse rotation of simultaneous control motor, can drive the scraper blade rotation on the fermentation cylinder shells inner wall, scrapes the adhesion in the fermentation raw materials of inner wall down, realizes the cleanness to the inner wall.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of organic fertilizer production, and particularly relates to an organic fertilizer production process.
Background
The biological organic fertilizer is developed from organic fertilizer, is prepared by performing secondary fermentation on harmlessly treated and decomposed livestock and poultry manure, furfural residues, various crop straws, bacteria, bran and other agricultural solid wastes as raw materials and specific microorganisms with the functions of antagonizing pathogenic bacteria, promoting crop growth and the like as a leavening agent, and has the outstanding advantages of stable effect, long acting, high efficiency and the like compared with other fertilizers.
The compound microbial fertilizer is a living microbial product which is formed by compounding specific microorganisms and nutrient substances, can provide, maintain and improve plant nutrition, increase the yield of agricultural products and improve the quality of the agricultural products, has the functions of adding microbial strains and inorganic fertilizer components compared with the common microbial organic fertilizer, and simultaneously can reduce the damage to a soil ecosystem and improve the soil structure.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an organic fertilizer production process to solve the problems in the background technology.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme: a production process of an organic fertilizer comprises manure, and specifically comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: fermenting the feces with biogas, and taking biogas residues;
step two: stirring the biogas residue mixed chaff, the straws and the bran, putting the mixture into a fermentation tank, linearly increasing the temperature in the tank to 45 ℃ within 48 hours, keeping constant stirring in the temperature increasing process, ensuring ventilation, and discharging the gas after the gas is treated by a deodorization device;
step three: linearly increasing the temperature in the tank body from 45 ℃ to 65 ℃ within 5 days, and simultaneously keeping stirring at a constant speed and ventilating;
step four: linearly reducing the temperature in the tank body from 65 ℃ to 40 ℃ within 2 days, and simultaneously keeping stirring and ventilating at a constant speed;
step five: the temperature in the tank body is kept at 40 ℃ for 24 hours, so that ventilation and uniform stirring are ensured;
step six: uniformly mixing bacillus amyloliquefaciens CM3, bacillus amyloliquefaciens Lh-1 and streptomyces albidoflavus G-13 bacterial suspensions according to the proportion of 1: 2, then inoculating the mixture into vinasse according to the inoculation amount of 3 percent (V/W), uniformly mixing, and fermenting for 8 days at the temperature lower than 45 ℃, wherein the total bacterial amount is more than 109 cfu/G for later use;
step seven: and (5) simultaneously adding 0.9% of lime powder into the materials in the fifth step and the vinasse in the sixth step, mixing, taking out, and composting for three days.
Preferably, in step two: the mixed parts by weight of the biogas residues, the chaffs, the straws and the bran are as follows: 50-60 parts of biogas residues, 80-90 parts of chaff, 15-20 parts of straws and 30-40 parts of bran, and the step two comprises the following steps: the rotating speed is 50 revolutions per minute, and in the seventh step: 30 parts of vinasse by mass, and the seventh step is as follows: controlling the composting temperature to be 28-36 ℃, and in the second step: processing the chaff, the straws and the bran into powder, and in the sixth step: the microbial strain is inoculated into a slant culture medium for activation, the bacillus amyloliquefaciens CM3 and the bacillus amyloliquefaciens Lh-1 are activated by using an NA culture medium, and the streptomyces albidoflavus G-1 is activated by using a PDA culture medium; inoculating the activated strain into a liquid culture medium for propagation culture, and fermenting for 36 h under the culture conditions of 30 ℃ and 200 r/min for bacillus amyloliquefaciens CM3 and bacillus amyloliquefaciens Lh-1; the culture condition of the streptomyces albidoflavus G-1 is 30 ℃, 200 r/min and fermentation is carried out for 48 h.
Preferably, in step two: the fermentation cylinder specifically includes: the fermentation tank comprises a fermentation tank shell, wherein the outer wall of the fermentation tank shell is fixedly connected with a lantern ring, the lantern ring is fixedly connected with supporting legs, the top of the fermentation tank shell is fixedly connected with a fixing frame, the fermentation tank shell is fixedly connected with a motor through the fixing frame, the motor is rotatably connected with a central rotating shaft, the central rotating shaft penetrates through the top of the fermentation tank shell and is communicated with the interior of the fermentation tank shell, the top end of the fermentation tank shell is provided with an exhaust port and a feed port, the exhaust port and the feed port are communicated with the interior of the fermentation tank shell, the central rotating shaft is fixedly connected with a discharge port, the bottom of the central rotating shaft is fixedly connected with a first rotary disc, the bottom of the fermentation tank shell is provided with an air cavity, a second rotary disc is slidably connected in the air cavity, the lower end face of the first rotary disc is provided with a plurality of upper teeth, and the upper end face of the second rotary disc is provided with a plurality of lower teeth, the fermentation tank is characterized in that the upper teeth and the lower teeth are matched and correspond to each other one by one, an air inlet cavity is arranged in the fermentation tank shell and is communicated with the air cavity, a first one-way air valve is arranged in the air inlet cavity, a second one-way air valve is arranged on the second rotary table, the air inlet cavity is communicated with the fermentation tank shell through the air cavity and the second one-way air valve, a spring is arranged in the air cavity, and two ends of the spring are fixedly connected to the inner walls of the second rotary table and the air cavity respectively.
Preferably, the second carousel lateral wall is equipped with four spouts, equal sliding connection has the fly leaf in every spout, every the fly leaf is kept away from second carousel one end fixedly connected with scraper blade, every scraper blade sliding connection is on fermentation cylinder shells inner wall.
Preferably, a sealing O-shaped ring is arranged on the contact surface of the second rotary disc and the air cavity.
The invention has the technical effects and advantages that:
1. the composite microbial inoculum is used for fermenting vinasse to produce the bio-organic fertilizer and research the fertilizer efficiency of the bio-organic fertilizer; the result shows that the prepared biological organic fertilizer is completely decomposed; compared with other treatments, the pot culture test shows that after the biological organic fertilizer is applied, the number of bacteria and actinomycetes in a microbial community is obviously increased, the number of fungi is reduced, the microenvironment of rhizosphere soil is improved by the biological organic fertilizer, the antioxidant protective enzyme activity of plants is improved, the growth vigor of the plants is obviously superior to that of a control group, and the fertilizer efficiency is obvious;
2. the fermentation cylinder that this scheme used can be at the automatic oxygen of annotating of fermentation stirring in-process, and oxygen is injected into by the bottom, has improved fermentation efficiency, and during the reverse rotation of simultaneous control motor, can drive the scraper blade rotation on the fermentation cylinder shells inner wall, scrapes the adhesion in the fermentation raw materials of inner wall down, realizes the cleanness to the inner wall.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a clean state of a fermenter according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of the oxygen injection state of the fermentation tank according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is an enlarged view of a portion A of FIG. 1 according to the present invention;
FIG. 4 is an enlarged view of portion B of FIG. 2 in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a first turntable and a second turntable according to the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a connection diagram of the first turntable and the second turntable according to the present invention.
In the figure: 101. a fermenter casing; 102. an exhaust port; 103. a feed inlet; 104. a discharge port; 105. a collar; 106. a leg; 107. a fixed mount; 108. a motor; 109. a central rotating shaft; 201. a stirring fan blade; 202. a squeegee; 203. a movable plate; 204. an air cavity; 205. a first turntable; 206. a second turntable; 207. a spring; 208. an air inlet cavity; 209. a first one-way air valve; 301. a second one-way air valve; 302. a chute; 303. upper teeth; 304. and (4) lower teeth.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The invention provides an organic fertilizer production process, which comprises feces, and specifically comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: fermenting the excrement with biogas, and taking biogas residues;
step two: stirring the biogas residue mixed chaff, straw and bran, putting the stirred biogas residue mixed chaff, straw and bran into a fermentation tank, linearly increasing the temperature in the tank to 45 ℃ within 48 hours, keeping constant stirring in the temperature increasing process, ensuring ventilation, and discharging the gas after the gas is treated by a deodorization device;
step three: linearly increasing the temperature in the tank body from 45 ℃ to 65 ℃ within 5 days, and simultaneously keeping stirring at a constant speed and ventilating;
step four: linearly reducing the temperature in the tank body from 65 ℃ to 40 ℃ within 2 days, and simultaneously keeping constant stirring and ventilation;
step five: the temperature in the tank body is kept at 40 ℃ for 24 hours, so that ventilation and uniform stirring are ensured;
step six: uniformly mixing bacillus amyloliquefaciens CM3, bacillus amyloliquefaciens Lh-1 and streptomyces albidoflavus G-13 bacterial suspensions according to the proportion of 1: 2, then inoculating the mixture into vinasse according to the inoculation amount of 3 percent (V/W), uniformly mixing, and fermenting for 8 days at the temperature lower than 45 ℃, wherein the total bacterial amount is more than 109 cfu/G for later use;
step seven: and (5) simultaneously adding 0.9% of lime powder into the materials in the fifth step and the vinasse in the sixth step, mixing, taking out, and composting for three days.
Specifically, in the step two: the mixed parts by weight of the biogas residues, the chaffs, the straws and the bran are as follows: 50-60 parts of biogas residues, 80-90 parts of chaff, 15-20 parts of straws and 30-40 parts of bran, and the step two comprises the following steps: the rotating speed is 50 revolutions per minute, and in the seventh step: 30 parts of vinasse by mass, and the seventh step is as follows: controlling the composting temperature to be 28-36 ℃, and in the second step: processing the chaff, the straws and the bran into powder, and in the sixth step: the microbial strain is inoculated into a slant culture medium for activation, the bacillus amyloliquefaciens CM3 and the bacillus amyloliquefaciens Lh-1 are activated by using an NA culture medium, and the streptomyces albidoflavus G-1 is activated by using a PDA culture medium; inoculating the activated strain into a liquid culture medium for propagation culture, and fermenting for 36 h under the culture conditions of 30 ℃ and 200 r/min for bacillus amyloliquefaciens CM3 and bacillus amyloliquefaciens Lh-1; the culture conditions of the streptomyces albidoflauvs G-1 are 30 ℃, 200 r/min and 48 h of fermentation.
Specifically, in the step two: the fermentation cylinder specifically includes: the fermentation tank comprises a fermentation tank shell 101, wherein the outer wall of the fermentation tank shell 101 is fixedly connected with a lantern ring 105, the lantern ring 105 is fixedly connected with supporting legs 106, the top of the fermentation tank shell 101 is fixedly connected with a fixing frame 107, the fermentation tank shell 101 is fixedly connected with a motor 108 through the fixing frame 107, the motor 108 is rotatably connected with a central rotating shaft 109, the central rotating shaft 109 penetrates through the top of the fermentation tank shell 101 to be communicated with the interior of the fermentation tank shell 101, the top end of the fermentation tank shell 101 is provided with an exhaust port 102 and a feed port 103, the exhaust port 102 and the feed port 103 are communicated with the interior of the fermentation tank shell 101, the central rotating shaft 109 is fixedly connected with a plurality of stirring fan blades 201, the bottom of the fermentation tank shell 101 is communicated with a discharge port 104, the bottom of the central rotating shaft 109 is fixedly connected with a first rotating disc 205, the bottom of the fermentation tank shell 101 is provided with an air cavity 204, and the second rotating disc 206 is slidably connected in the air cavity 204, the lower end face of the first rotary disc 205 is provided with a plurality of upper teeth 303, the upper end face of the second rotary disc 206 is provided with a plurality of lower teeth 304, the upper teeth 303 and the lower teeth 304 are matched and correspond to each other one by one, an air inlet cavity 208 is arranged in the fermentation tank shell 101, the air inlet cavity 208 is communicated with an air cavity 204, a first one-way air valve 209 is arranged in the air inlet cavity 208, a second one-way air valve 301 is arranged on the second rotary disc 206, the air inlet cavity 208 is communicated with the interior of the fermentation tank shell 101 through the air cavity 204 and the second one-way air valve 301, a spring 207 is arranged in the air cavity 204, and two ends of the spring 207 are respectively and fixedly connected to the inner walls of the second rotary disc 206 and the air cavity 204.
Specifically, the side wall of the second rotating disc 206 is provided with four sliding grooves 302, a movable plate 203 is slidably connected in each sliding groove 302, one end of each movable plate 203, which is far away from the second rotating disc 206, is fixedly connected with a scraper 202, and each scraper 202 is slidably connected to the inner wall of the fermenter casing 101.
Specifically, a sealing O-shaped ring is arranged on the contact surface of the second rotary disc 206 and the air cavity 204.
Example (b):
and (3) carrying out cucumber seedling culture in a nutrition pot (filled with 300 g of soil), and transplanting cucumber seedlings into a pot (filled with 10 kg of soil) for culture after the seedlings emerge. The experiment design is 3 experimental groups, and every group divide into 3 experimental districts, totally 9 experimental districts (totally random distribution), places the basin alms bowl 30 in every experimental district: (1) control (CK), without any fertilizer addition; (2) test group 1 (T1) added naturally-placed fen-flavor distiller's grains to soil at an application rate of 2% (w/w) and mixed well; (3) test group 2 (T2) added the secondarily fermented fen-flavor distiller's grains bio-organic fertilizer to the soil at an application rate of 2% (w/w) and mixed uniformly. Cucumber seeds with good uniformity are screened, one cucumber seed is subjected to hole sowing in nutrition pots with different treatments for seedling cultivation, the nutrition pots without seedling emergence are eliminated, 4-5 true leaves are grown out from the cucumber seedlings, and then the cucumber seedlings are transplanted into corresponding pot pots for conventional pot culture tests, and regular observation and recording are carried out.
After the cucumber seedlings in the greenhouse are planted for 40 days, 5 cucumber plants are collected in each cell in an S-shaped random sampling mode, and 100 g of rhizosphere soil samples of the cucumber plants are collected for subsequent detection. Detection of microbial communities in rhizosphere soil of cucumber plants: uniformly mixing each rhizosphere soil sample, putting the mixture into a self-sealing bag, transporting the mixture to a laboratory at 4 ℃, and respectively counting bacteria, actinomycetes and fungi in the sample by adopting a gradient dilution method.
Measuring physical and chemical indexes of cucumber leaves: malondialdehyde (MDA) content, Catalase (CAT), Peroxidase (POD) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity
Cucumber growth indexes are as follows: fresh weight, dry weight, leaf area and plant height of cucumber plants. The dry weight of the plants is determined by a drying method, the leaf area is determined by a leaf area meter, and the plant height is determined by a ruler.
Experimental example 1:
the method comprises the following steps: fermenting the feces with biogas, and taking biogas residues;
step two: stirring the biogas residue mixed chaff, straw and bran, putting the stirred biogas residue mixed chaff, straw and bran into a fermentation tank, linearly increasing the temperature in the tank to 45 ℃ within 48 hours, keeping constant stirring in the temperature increasing process, ensuring ventilation, and discharging the gas after the gas is treated by a deodorization device;
step three: linearly increasing the temperature in the tank body from 45 ℃ to 65 ℃ within 5 days, and simultaneously keeping stirring at a constant speed and ventilating;
step four: linearly reducing the temperature in the tank body from 65 ℃ to 40 ℃ within 2 days, and simultaneously keeping constant stirring and ventilation;
step five: the temperature in the tank body is kept at 40 ℃ for 24 hours, so that ventilation and uniform stirring are ensured;
step six: and adding 0.9% of lime powder into the materials in the step five, and mixing.
Step seven: taking out and composting for three days.
Further, in the second step: the mixed parts by weight of the biogas residues, the chaffs, the straws and the bran are as follows: 50-60 parts of biogas residues, 80-90 parts of chaff, 15-20 parts of straws and 30-40 parts of bran.
Further, the rotation speed in the second step is 50 revolutions per minute.
Further, the temperature of the compost in the sixth step is controlled to be 28-36 ℃.
And further, processing the husk, the straw and the bran into powder.
Further, in the sixth step, the bacillus amyloliquefaciens CM3, the bacillus amyloliquefaciens Lh-1 and the streptomyces albidoflavus G-13 bacterial suspension are uniformly mixed according to the proportion of 1: 2, then the mixture is inoculated into the material according to the inoculation amount of 3 percent (V/W) and is uniformly mixed, and the mixture is fermented for 8 days under the condition of the temperature lower than 45 ℃.
Example 2:
the method comprises the following steps: fermenting the excrement with biogas, and taking biogas residues;
step two: stirring the biogas residue mixed chaff, the straws and the bran, putting the mixture into a fermentation tank, linearly increasing the temperature in the tank to 45 ℃ within 48 hours, keeping constant stirring in the temperature increasing process, ensuring ventilation, and discharging the gas after the gas is treated by a deodorization device;
step three: linearly increasing the temperature in the tank body from 45 ℃ to 65 ℃ within 5 days, and simultaneously keeping stirring at a constant speed and ventilating;
step four: linearly reducing the temperature in the tank body from 65 ℃ to 40 ℃ within 2 days, and simultaneously keeping constant stirring and ventilation;
step five: the temperature in the tank body is kept at 40 ℃ for 24 hours, so that ventilation and uniform stirring are ensured;
step six: uniformly mixing the bacterial suspensions of the bacillus amyloliquefaciens CM3, the bacillus amyloliquefaciens Lh-1 and the streptomyces albidoflavus G-13 according to the proportion of 1: 2, then inoculating the mixture into vinasse according to the inoculation amount of 3 percent (V/W), uniformly mixing, and fermenting for 8 days at the temperature lower than 45 ℃, wherein the total bacterial amount is more than 109 cfu/G for later use.
Step seven: and (5) simultaneously adding 0.9% of lime powder into the materials in the fifth step and the vinasse in the sixth step, mixing, taking out and composting for three days.
Further, in the second step: the mixed parts by weight of the biogas residues, the chaffs, the straws and the bran are as follows: 50-60 parts of biogas residues, 80-90 parts of chaff, 15-20 parts of straws and 30-40 parts of bran.
Further, the rotation speed in the second step is 50 revolutions per minute.
Further, 30 parts by mass of wine lees in the seventh step.
And further, controlling the composting temperature to be 28-36 ℃ in the seventh step.
And further, processing the husk, the straw and the bran into powder.
Further, the microorganism bacterium in the sixth step is inoculated into a slant culture medium for activation, the Bacillus amyloliquefaciens CM3 and the Bacillus amyloliquefaciens Lh-1 are activated by using an NA culture medium, and the streptomyces albidoflavus G-1 is activated by using a PDA culture medium; inoculating the activated strain into a liquid culture medium for propagation culture, and fermenting for 36 h under the culture conditions of 30 ℃ and 200 r/min for bacillus amyloliquefaciens CM3 and bacillus amyloliquefaciens Lh-1; the culture conditions of the streptomyces albidoflauvs G-1 are 30 ℃, 200 r/min and 48 h of fermentation.
Example 3:
the method comprises the following steps: fermenting the feces with biogas, and taking biogas residues;
step two: stirring the biogas residue mixed chaff, the straws and the bran, putting the mixture into a fermentation tank, linearly increasing the temperature in the tank to 45 ℃ within 48 hours, keeping constant stirring in the temperature increasing process, ensuring ventilation, and discharging the gas after the gas is treated by a deodorization device;
step three: linearly raising the temperature in the tank body from 45 ℃ to 65 ℃ within 5 days, and simultaneously keeping stirring at a constant speed and ventilating;
step four: linearly reducing the temperature in the tank body from 65 ℃ to 40 ℃ within 2 days, and simultaneously keeping constant stirring and ventilation;
step five: the temperature in the tank body is kept at 40 ℃ for 24 hours, so that ventilation and uniform stirring are ensured;
step six: and adding 0.9% of lime powder into the materials in the step five, and mixing.
Step seven: taking out and composting for three days.
Further, in the second step: the mixed parts by weight of the biogas residues, the chaffs, the straws and the bran are as follows: 50-60 parts of biogas residues, 80-90 parts of chaff, 15-20 parts of straws and 30-40 parts of bran.
Further, the rotation speed in the second step is 50 revolutions per minute.
Further, the temperature of the compost in the sixth step is controlled to be 28-36 ℃.
And further, processing the husk, the straw and the bran into powder.
TABLE 1 microbial diversity assay
TABLE 2 physical and chemical index detection of organic fertilizer
As shown in Table 1, the microbial community structure of example 2 is significantly changed, and the number of bacteria and the number of actinomycetes are significantly increased compared with example 1 and become an absolute dominant community; the number of fungi in example 2 is significantly reduced because the complex microbial inoculum is free of fungi.
As shown in Table 2, the water content in example 2 was lower than that in example 1. This is because water is one of important indicators of the activity level of a microbial community in the fermentation process, and water is continuously consumed by activities such as propagation and metabolism of microorganisms, thereby reducing water. The pH value is one of important indexes influencing the growth of crops, and the material is changed from neutral to alkaline after the compound microbial inoculum is added for secondary fermentation, so that the pH value requirement of the decomposed fertilizer is met. The conductivity (EC) is an index reflecting the contents of organic acid salts and inorganic salts in the fertilizer leaching liquor, generally speaking, the conductivity of the fertilizer is less than 9.0 mS/cm, the germination of seeds is not inhibited, and the conductivity is obviously reduced compared with the treatment of example 1 in the treatment of example 2. The value of the absorbance (OD 665) can be used as a reference index of the humification degree of the fertilizer, and the OD665 of the decomposed organic fertilizer is less than 0.008. As can be seen from Table 2, the absorbance values of example 1 did not meet the criteria for rotting, while the absorbance values of example 2 met the criteria for rotting fertilizers. The Germination Index (GI) of the seeds is an authoritative standard reflecting whether the fertilizer is thoroughly decomposed or not in agricultural production, GI < 50% indicates that the content of toxic substances in the fertilizer exceeds the range which can be born by plants, GI value is 50% -85% indicates that the fertilizer is not completely decomposed, partial harmful substances in the fertilizer can influence the growth of the plants, and GI > 85% indicates that the fertilizer reaches the completely decomposed state and can be applied. The GI value of example 1 is that the lees were not rotten and had an effect on plant growth; the GI value of example 2 indicates that the organic fertilizer of distiller's grains after the secondary fermentation has reached a fully decomposed state.
The working principle of the fermentation tank is as follows:
when the fermentation tank is used, a worker injects fermentation raw materials into the fermentation tank shell 101 through the feed inlet 103, the motor 108 is started, the motor 108 drives the central rotating shaft 109 to rotate, the stirring fan blades 201 fixedly connected to the central rotating shaft 109 stir the raw materials in the fermentation tank shell 101, the upper teeth 303 at the bottom of the first rotating disc 205 and the lower teeth 304 at the top of the second rotating disc 206 are staggered, the upper teeth 303 push the lower teeth 304 to move downwards when the first rotating disc 205 rotates, namely, the second rotating disc 206 moves downwards, when the upper teeth 303 and the lower teeth 304 are staggered again, the spring 207 pushes the second rotating disc 206 to move upwards and reset, namely, the second rotating disc 206 reciprocates up and down, meanwhile, when the second rotating disc 206 moves downwards, the air pressure in the air cavity 204 rises, the air in the air cavity 204 enters the fermentation tank shell 101 through the second one-way air valve 301, and when the second rotating disc 206 moves upwards, the air pressure in the air cavity 204 falls, external air enters the air cavity 204 through the first one-way air valve 209 to supplement air pressure, namely, the second rotary disc 206 does not stop supplying oxygen for fermentation to the fermentation tank shell 101 along with the continuous rotation of the central rotary shaft 109 and the first rotary disc 205, so that the fermentation efficiency is improved, and meanwhile, waste gas in the fermentation tank shell 101 is discharged through the exhaust port 102;
when the motor 108 rotates reversely, namely the central rotating shaft 109 drives the first rotating disc 205 to rotate reversely, at the moment, upper teeth 303 on the lower end face of the first rotating disc 205 are matched with lower teeth 304 on the upper end face of the second rotating disc 206 and are limited mutually, at the moment, the second rotating disc 206 rotates reversely along with the rotation of the first rotating disc 205, at the moment, four movable plates 203 which are connected to the side wall of the second rotating disc 206 in a sliding mode rotate along with the movable plates 203, namely, the scraper blades 202 fixed on the movable plates 203 rotate along the central rotating shaft 109, at the moment, the scraper blades 202 scrape the inner wall of the fermentation tank shell 101, and fermentation raw materials adhered to the inner wall of the fermentation tank shell 101 are cleaned;
after fermentation is finished, the discharge hole 104 is opened, and the raw materials in the fermentation tank shell 101 are discharged along the discharge hole 104.
Finally, it should be noted that: although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that modifications may be made to the embodiments or portions thereof without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.
Claims (5)
1. A production process of an organic fertilizer comprises the following steps: excrement is dirty, its characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: fermenting the feces with biogas, and taking biogas residues;
step two: stirring the biogas residue mixed chaff, the straws and the bran, putting the mixture into a fermentation tank, linearly increasing the temperature in the tank to 45 ℃ within 48 hours, keeping constant stirring in the temperature increasing process, ensuring ventilation, and discharging the gas after the gas is treated by a deodorization device;
step three: linearly increasing the temperature in the tank body from 45 ℃ to 65 ℃ within 5 days, and simultaneously keeping stirring at a constant speed and ventilating;
step four: linearly reducing the temperature in the tank body from 65 ℃ to 40 ℃ within 2 days, and simultaneously keeping constant stirring and ventilation;
step five: the temperature in the tank body is kept at 40 ℃ for 24 hours, so that ventilation and uniform stirring are ensured;
step six: uniformly mixing bacillus amyloliquefaciens CM3, bacillus amyloliquefaciens Lh-1 and streptomyces albidoflavus G-13 bacterial suspensions according to the proportion of 1: 2, then inoculating the mixture into vinasse according to the inoculation amount of 3 percent (V/W), uniformly mixing, and fermenting for 8 days at the temperature lower than 45 ℃, wherein the total bacterial amount is more than 109 cfu/G for later use;
step seven: and (5) simultaneously adding 0.9% of lime powder into the materials in the fifth step and the vinasse in the sixth step, mixing, taking out, and composting for three days.
2. The organic fertilizer production process according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the second step: the mixed parts by weight of the biogas residues, the chaffs, the straws and the bran are as follows: 50-60 parts of biogas residues, 80-90 parts of chaff, 15-20 parts of straws and 30-40 parts of bran, and the second step comprises the following steps: the rotating speed is 50 revolutions per minute, and in the seventh step: 30 parts of vinasse by mass, and the seventh step is as follows: controlling the composting temperature to be 28-36 ℃, and in the second step: processing the chaff, the straws and the bran into powder, and in the sixth step: the microbial strain is inoculated into a slant culture medium for activation, the bacillus amyloliquefaciens CM3 and the bacillus amyloliquefaciens Lh-1 are activated by using an NA culture medium, and the streptomyces albidoflavus G-1 is activated by using a PDA culture medium; inoculating the activated strain into a liquid culture medium for propagation culture, and fermenting for 36 h under the culture conditions of 30 ℃ and 200 r/min for bacillus amyloliquefaciens CM3 and bacillus amyloliquefaciens Lh-1; the culture conditions of the streptomyces albidoflauvs G-1 are 30 ℃, 200 r/min and 48 h of fermentation.
3. The organic fertilizer production process according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the second step: the fermentation cylinder specifically includes: the fermentation tank comprises a fermentation tank shell (101), wherein a sleeve ring (105) is fixedly connected to the outer wall of the fermentation tank shell (101), support legs (106) are fixedly connected to the sleeve ring (105), a fixing frame (107) is fixedly connected to the top of the fermentation tank shell (101), a motor (108) is fixedly connected to the fermentation tank shell (101) through the fixing frame (107), a central rotating shaft (109) is rotatably connected to the motor (108), the central rotating shaft (109) penetrates through the top of the fermentation tank shell (101) to be communicated with the interior of the fermentation tank shell (101), an exhaust port (102) and a feed port (103) are arranged at the top end of the fermentation tank shell (101), the exhaust port (102) and the feed port (103) are communicated with the interior of the fermentation tank shell (101), a plurality of stirring fan blades (201) are fixedly connected to the central rotating shaft (109), and a discharge port (104) is communicated with the bottom of the fermentation tank shell (101), the bottom of the central rotating shaft (109) is fixedly connected with a first rotating disc (205), the bottom of the fermentation tank shell (101) is provided with an air cavity (204), the air cavity (204) is connected with a second rotating disc (206) in a sliding manner, the lower end face of the first rotating disc (205) is provided with a plurality of upper teeth (303), the upper end face of the second rotating disc (206) is provided with a plurality of lower teeth (304), the upper teeth (303) and the lower teeth (304) are matched and correspond to each other one by one, an air inlet cavity (208) is arranged in the fermentation tank shell (101), the air inlet cavity (208) is communicated with the air cavity (204), a first one-way air valve (209) is arranged in the air inlet cavity (208), a second one-way air valve (301) is arranged on the second rotating disc (206), the air inlet cavity (208) is communicated with the interior of the fermentation tank shell (101) through the air cavity (204) and the second one-way air valve (301), and a spring (207) is arranged in the air cavity (204), and two ends of the spring (207) are respectively and fixedly connected to the inner walls of the second turntable (206) and the air cavity (204).
4. The organic fertilizer production process according to claim 3, characterized in that: the side wall of the second rotary table (206) is provided with four sliding grooves (302), a movable plate (203) is connected in each sliding groove (302) in a sliding mode, one end, far away from the second rotary table (206), of each movable plate (203) is fixedly connected with a scraper (202), and each scraper (202) is connected to the inner wall of the fermentation tank shell (101) in a sliding mode.
5. The organic fertilizer production process according to claim 3, characterized in that: and a sealing O-shaped ring is arranged on the contact surface of the second turntable (206) and the air cavity (204).
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