ITRM970367A0 - - Google Patents

Info

Publication number
ITRM970367A0
ITRM970367A0 ITRM970367A ITRM970367A ITRM970367A0 IT RM970367 A0 ITRM970367 A0 IT RM970367A0 IT RM970367 A ITRM970367 A IT RM970367A IT RM970367 A ITRM970367 A IT RM970367A IT RM970367 A0 ITRM970367 A0 IT RM970367A0
Authority
IT
Italy
Application number
ITRM970367A
Other languages
Italian (it)
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Family has litigation
First worldwide family litigation filed litigation Critical https://patents.darts-ip.com/?family=11405132&utm_source=google_patent&utm_medium=platform_link&utm_campaign=public_patent_search&patent=ITRM970367(A0) "Global patent litigation dataset” by Darts-ip is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Application filed filed Critical
Priority to IT97RM000367A priority Critical patent/IT1291931B1/it
Publication of ITRM970367A0 publication Critical patent/ITRM970367A0/it
Priority to MYPI98002724A priority patent/MY120045A/en
Priority to BR9810193-5A priority patent/BR9810193A/pt
Priority to ES98929636T priority patent/ES2255731T3/es
Priority to SK1814-99A priority patent/SK285274B6/sk
Priority to CA002294333A priority patent/CA2294333C/en
Priority to AT98929636T priority patent/ATE313402T1/de
Priority to JP50410099A priority patent/JP3522770B2/ja
Priority to CNB988063301A priority patent/CN1244422C/zh
Priority to AU79314/98A priority patent/AU744196B2/en
Priority to DE69832886T priority patent/DE69832886T2/de
Priority to PCT/IT1998/000168 priority patent/WO1998057767A1/en
Priority to KR1019997011971A priority patent/KR20010013946A/ko
Priority to ZA985359A priority patent/ZA985359B/xx
Priority to UA2000010303A priority patent/UA61113C2/uk
Priority to CZ19994650A priority patent/CZ293823B6/cs
Priority to US09/446,242 priority patent/US6502626B1/en
Priority to PL98337500A priority patent/PL186657B1/pl
Priority to EP98929636A priority patent/EP1007248B1/en
Priority to TR1999/03146T priority patent/TR199903146T2/xx
Priority to RU2000101274/02A priority patent/RU2212976C2/ru
Priority to HU0004812A priority patent/HU222856B1/hu
Publication of ITRM970367A1 publication Critical patent/ITRM970367A1/it
Publication of IT1291931B1 publication Critical patent/IT1291931B1/it
Application granted granted Critical

Links

Classifications

    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22DCASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D11/00Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths
    • B22D11/06Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths into moulds with travelling walls, e.g. with rolls, plates, belts, caterpillars
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22DCASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D11/00Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths
    • B22D11/06Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths into moulds with travelling walls, e.g. with rolls, plates, belts, caterpillars
    • B22D11/0622Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths into moulds with travelling walls, e.g. with rolls, plates, belts, caterpillars formed by two casting wheels
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21DMODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D8/00Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
    • C21D8/02Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips
    • C21D8/021Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips involving a particular fabrication or treatment of ingot or slab
    • C21D8/0215Rapid solidification; Thin strip casting
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21DMODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D8/00Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
    • C21D8/02Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips
    • C21D8/0221Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips characterised by the working steps
    • C21D8/0226Hot rolling
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21DMODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D8/00Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
    • C21D8/02Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips
    • C21D8/0247Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips characterised by the heat treatment
    • C21D8/0263Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips characterised by the heat treatment following hot rolling
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22CALLOYS
    • C22C38/00Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/001Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing N
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22CALLOYS
    • C22C38/00Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/02Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing silicon
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22CALLOYS
    • C22C38/00Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/04Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing manganese
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22CALLOYS
    • C22C38/00Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/06Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing aluminium
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22CALLOYS
    • C22C38/00Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/18Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
    • C22C38/40Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21DMODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D2211/00Microstructure comprising significant phases
    • C21D2211/005Ferrite
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21DMODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D2211/00Microstructure comprising significant phases
    • C21D2211/009Pearlite

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • Heat Treatment Of Sheet Steel (AREA)
  • Continuous Casting (AREA)
  • Heat Treatment Of Steel (AREA)
IT97RM000367A 1997-06-19 1997-06-19 Procedimento per la produzione di nastri grezzi di colaggio in acciaio a basso contenuto di carbonio e nastri cosi' ottenibili IT1291931B1 (it)

Priority Applications (22)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
IT97RM000367A IT1291931B1 (it) 1997-06-19 1997-06-19 Procedimento per la produzione di nastri grezzi di colaggio in acciaio a basso contenuto di carbonio e nastri cosi' ottenibili
MYPI98002724A MY120045A (en) 1997-06-19 1998-06-18 Continuous casting porcess for producing low carbon steel strips and strips so obtainable with good as cast mechanical properties
HU0004812A HU222856B1 (hu) 1997-06-19 1998-06-19 Folyamatos öntési eljárás kis széntartalmú acélszalagok gyártására és kis széntartalmú öntött acélszalag
PCT/IT1998/000168 WO1998057767A1 (en) 1997-06-19 1998-06-19 Continuous casting process for producing low carbon steel strips and strips so obtainable with good as cast mechanical properties
ZA985359A ZA985359B (en) 1997-06-19 1998-06-19 Continuous casting process for producing low carbon steel strips and strips so obtainable with good as cast mechanical properties
SK1814-99A SK285274B6 (sk) 1997-06-19 1998-06-19 Spôsob výroby pásu z nízkouhlíkovej ocele a pás vyrobiteľný týmto spôsobom
CA002294333A CA2294333C (en) 1997-06-19 1998-06-19 Continuous casting process for producing low carbon steel strips and strips so obtainable with good as cast mechanical properties
AT98929636T ATE313402T1 (de) 1997-06-19 1998-06-19 Kontinuierlicher giessprozess zur herstellung von niedrig kohlenstoffhaltigen stahlbändern und so erzeugte stahlbänder mit so guten wie im guss hergestellten mechanischen eigenschaften
JP50410099A JP3522770B2 (ja) 1997-06-19 1998-06-19 低炭素鋼帯片を製造する連続鋳造法と鋳放し状態での良好な機械的特性を伴って製造可能な帯片
CNB988063301A CN1244422C (zh) 1997-06-19 1998-06-19 用于生产低碳钢带材的连铸方法及如此得到具有良好铸造机械性质的带材
AU79314/98A AU744196B2 (en) 1997-06-19 1998-06-19 Continuous casting process for producing low carbon steel strips and strips so obtainable with good as cast mechanical properties
DE69832886T DE69832886T2 (de) 1997-06-19 1998-06-19 Kontinuierlicher giessprozess zur herstellung von niedrig kohlenstoffhaltigen stahlbändern und so erzeugte stahlbänder mit so guten wie im guss hergestellten mechanischen eigenschaften
BR9810193-5A BR9810193A (pt) 1997-06-19 1998-06-19 Processo para a produção de tiras de aço de carbono inferior, e, tira de aço de carbono inferior
KR1019997011971A KR20010013946A (ko) 1997-06-19 1998-06-19 저탄소강 스트립을 제조하기 위한 연속주조공정과 그공정으로 얻을 수 있는 양호한 주조 기계적 성질을 가진스트립
ES98929636T ES2255731T3 (es) 1997-06-19 1998-06-19 Proceso de colada continua para producir flejes de acero de bajo contenido de carbono y flejes obtenidos segun el procedimiento, con buenas caracteristicas mecanicas.
UA2000010303A UA61113C2 (en) 1997-06-19 1998-06-19 Method for continuous casting for production of low-carbon steel strips and strips produced by this method with high mechanical properties in cast condition
CZ19994650A CZ293823B6 (cs) 1997-06-19 1998-06-19 Způsob výroby pásu z nízkouhlíkové oceli a odlitý pás z nízkouhlíkové oceli
US09/446,242 US6502626B1 (en) 1997-06-19 1998-06-19 Continuous casting process for producing low carbon steel strips and strips so obtainable with good as cast mechanical properties
PL98337500A PL186657B1 (pl) 1997-06-19 1998-06-19 Taśma ze stali niskowęglowej i sposób odlewania ciągłego taśmy ze stali niskowęglowej
EP98929636A EP1007248B1 (en) 1997-06-19 1998-06-19 Continuous casting process for producing low carbon steel strips and strips so obtainable with good as cast mechanical properties
TR1999/03146T TR199903146T2 (xx) 1997-06-19 1998-06-19 D���k karbonlu �elik �eritler �retmek i�in s�rekli d�k�m prosesi ve bu sayede iyi mekanik d�k�m �zelliklerine sahip �eritler elde edilmesi.
RU2000101274/02A RU2212976C2 (ru) 1997-06-19 1998-06-19 Способ непрерывной разливки для получения полосы из низкоуглеродистой стали и полоса, имеющая высокие свойства в литом состоянии

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
IT97RM000367A IT1291931B1 (it) 1997-06-19 1997-06-19 Procedimento per la produzione di nastri grezzi di colaggio in acciaio a basso contenuto di carbonio e nastri cosi' ottenibili

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
ITRM970367A0 true ITRM970367A0 (instruction) 1997-06-19
ITRM970367A1 ITRM970367A1 (it) 1998-12-19
IT1291931B1 IT1291931B1 (it) 1999-01-21

Family

ID=11405132

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
IT97RM000367A IT1291931B1 (it) 1997-06-19 1997-06-19 Procedimento per la produzione di nastri grezzi di colaggio in acciaio a basso contenuto di carbonio e nastri cosi' ottenibili

Country Status (22)

Country Link
US (1) US6502626B1 (instruction)
EP (1) EP1007248B1 (instruction)
JP (1) JP3522770B2 (instruction)
KR (1) KR20010013946A (instruction)
CN (1) CN1244422C (instruction)
AT (1) ATE313402T1 (instruction)
AU (1) AU744196B2 (instruction)
BR (1) BR9810193A (instruction)
CA (1) CA2294333C (instruction)
CZ (1) CZ293823B6 (instruction)
DE (1) DE69832886T2 (instruction)
ES (1) ES2255731T3 (instruction)
HU (1) HU222856B1 (instruction)
IT (1) IT1291931B1 (instruction)
MY (1) MY120045A (instruction)
PL (1) PL186657B1 (instruction)
RU (1) RU2212976C2 (instruction)
SK (1) SK285274B6 (instruction)
TR (1) TR199903146T2 (instruction)
UA (1) UA61113C2 (instruction)
WO (1) WO1998057767A1 (instruction)
ZA (1) ZA985359B (instruction)

Families Citing this family (31)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
AUPP811399A0 (en) * 1999-01-12 1999-02-04 Bhp Steel (Jla) Pty Limited Cold rolled steel
AUPP964499A0 (en) * 1999-04-08 1999-04-29 Bhp Steel (Jla) Pty Limited Casting strip
DE10046181C2 (de) * 2000-09-19 2002-08-01 Krupp Thyssen Nirosta Gmbh Verfahren zum Herstellen eines überwiegend aus Mn-Austenit bestehenden Stahlbands oder -blechs
AUPR047900A0 (en) 2000-09-29 2000-10-26 Bhp Steel (Jla) Pty Limited A method of producing steel
DE60139491D1 (de) * 2000-09-29 2009-09-17 Nucor Corp Herstellung von dünnem stahlblech
AUPR046000A0 (en) * 2000-10-02 2000-10-26 Bhp Steel (Jla) Pty Limited A method of producing steel strip
DE60125562T2 (de) * 2000-09-29 2007-10-11 Nucor Corp. Herstellungsverfahren von angeforderten stahlbändern
US7591917B2 (en) 2000-10-02 2009-09-22 Nucor Corporation Method of producing steel strip
DE10060948C2 (de) * 2000-12-06 2003-07-31 Thyssenkrupp Stahl Ag Verfahren zum Erzeugen eines Warmbandes aus einem einen hohen Mangan-Gehalt aufweisenden Stahl
US20030111206A1 (en) * 2001-09-14 2003-06-19 Blejde Walter N. Casting steel strip
US7485196B2 (en) * 2001-09-14 2009-02-03 Nucor Corporation Steel product with a high austenite grain coarsening temperature
EP1680245B1 (en) * 2003-10-10 2018-12-05 Nucor Corporation Casting steel strip
US20060124271A1 (en) * 2004-12-13 2006-06-15 Mark Schlichting Method of controlling the formation of crocodile skin surface roughness on thin cast strip
US9999918B2 (en) 2005-10-20 2018-06-19 Nucor Corporation Thin cast strip product with microalloy additions, and method for making the same
US9149868B2 (en) 2005-10-20 2015-10-06 Nucor Corporation Thin cast strip product with microalloy additions, and method for making the same
US10071416B2 (en) * 2005-10-20 2018-09-11 Nucor Corporation High strength thin cast strip product and method for making the same
JP4203508B2 (ja) * 2006-03-08 2009-01-07 株式会社神戸製鋼所 アルミニウム合金鋳造板の製造方法
AT504225B1 (de) * 2006-09-22 2008-10-15 Siemens Vai Metals Tech Gmbh Verfahren zur herstellung eines stahlbandes
NZ581424A (en) * 2007-05-06 2012-05-25 Bluescope Steel Ltd A thin cast strip product with microalloy additions, and method for making the same
KR20150127739A (ko) * 2007-05-06 2015-11-17 누코 코포레이션 미소합금 첨가물을 갖는 박판 주조 스트립 제품과 그 제조 방법
US20100215981A1 (en) * 2009-02-20 2010-08-26 Nucor Corporation Hot rolled thin cast strip product and method for making the same
US20110277886A1 (en) 2010-02-20 2011-11-17 Nucor Corporation Nitriding of niobium steel and product made thereby
CN102398003B (zh) * 2010-09-16 2015-01-21 攀钢集团钢铁钒钛股份有限公司 一种连铸用结晶器保护渣以及中低碳钢圆坯连铸的方法
RU2455105C1 (ru) * 2011-05-12 2012-07-10 Открытое акционерное общество "Магнитогорский металлургический комбинат" Способ производства толстолистового проката из свариваемой хромомарганцевой стали
CN102837945B (zh) * 2012-09-26 2015-12-16 贵州宏狮煤机制造有限公司 一种刮板机机尾滚筒
CN104164619B (zh) * 2014-08-29 2016-05-04 东北大学 一种无屈服平台的低碳钢钢板的短流程制造方法
CN104959561B (zh) * 2015-07-09 2017-12-01 东北大学 一种提高双辊连铸低碳微合金钢针状铁素体含量的方法
CN104962829B (zh) * 2015-07-09 2017-06-20 东北大学 一种含针状铁素体的双辊连铸低碳微合金钢及其制造方法
KR101941877B1 (ko) * 2015-09-24 2019-01-25 (주)포스코 주편의 연속 주조 방법
RU2722550C1 (ru) * 2017-02-23 2020-06-01 Прайметалс Текнолоджис Джапан, Лтд. Устройство непрерывного литья полосы
CN113976847A (zh) * 2021-10-29 2022-01-28 中天钢铁集团有限公司 一种改善低碳钢小方坯中心缩孔和裂纹的生产方法

Family Cites Families (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
ATE81042T1 (de) * 1988-07-14 1992-10-15 Thyssen Stahl Ag Verfahren zum herstellen eines stahlbandes mit einer dicke von weniger als 10 mm.
JPH06271984A (ja) * 1993-03-22 1994-09-27 Nippon Steel Corp 耐疲労伝播特性とアレスト性の優れた鋼板およびその製造方法
JPH06335706A (ja) * 1993-05-26 1994-12-06 Nippon Steel Corp 表面品質の優れた熱延鋼板の製造方法
JPH09504740A (ja) * 1993-11-08 1997-05-13 石川島播磨重工業株式会社 鋳造鋼ストリップ
JPH07197195A (ja) * 1993-12-28 1995-08-01 Nkk Corp 耐時効性に優れた鋼材およびその製造方法
KR100187553B1 (ko) * 1994-03-25 1999-06-01 다나카 미노루 박판주조스트립의 제조방법
EP0707908B1 (en) * 1994-04-04 2001-11-28 Nippon Steel Corporation Twin-roll type continuous casting method
JP2792834B2 (ja) 1995-04-18 1998-09-03 新日本製鐵株式会社 薄鋳帯からの強度500MPa 以下の炭素鋼薄鋼帯の製造方法
JPH09122839A (ja) * 1995-08-29 1997-05-13 Mitsubishi Heavy Ind Ltd 薄帯鋼板の製造方法

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
US6502626B1 (en) 2003-01-07
CA2294333C (en) 2004-10-05
MY120045A (en) 2005-08-30
CZ293823B6 (cs) 2004-08-18
BR9810193A (pt) 2000-08-08
AU7931498A (en) 1999-01-04
CN1260740A (zh) 2000-07-19
EP1007248A1 (en) 2000-06-14
SK181499A3 (en) 2001-03-12
JP2001502974A (ja) 2001-03-06
TR199903146T2 (xx) 2000-07-21
SK285274B6 (sk) 2006-10-05
WO1998057767A1 (en) 1998-12-23
ES2255731T3 (es) 2006-07-01
CN1244422C (zh) 2006-03-08
KR20010013946A (ko) 2001-02-26
AU744196B2 (en) 2002-02-21
CZ9904650A3 (cs) 2000-10-11
ITRM970367A1 (it) 1998-12-19
IT1291931B1 (it) 1999-01-21
HUP0004812A3 (en) 2001-07-30
ZA985359B (en) 1999-02-23
UA61113C2 (en) 2003-11-17
DE69832886D1 (de) 2006-01-26
ATE313402T1 (de) 2006-01-15
EP1007248B1 (en) 2005-12-21
CA2294333A1 (en) 1998-12-23
PL337500A1 (en) 2000-08-28
HUP0004812A2 (hu) 2001-05-28
JP3522770B2 (ja) 2004-04-26
RU2212976C2 (ru) 2003-09-27
HU222856B1 (hu) 2003-12-29
PL186657B1 (pl) 2004-02-27
DE69832886T2 (de) 2006-08-24

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
ITPN970029A0 (instruction)
ITRM970367A0 (instruction)
ITMI971430A0 (instruction)
IN188725B (instruction)
IN183696B (instruction)
ITVI970035V0 (instruction)
ITPD970144A0 (instruction)
ITPD970112A0 (instruction)
ITMI971048A0 (instruction)
ITMI971024A0 (instruction)
IN192604B (instruction)
IN188396B (instruction)
CN3058000S (instruction)
CN3057229S (instruction)
CN3058923S (instruction)
CN3058533S (instruction)
CN3058531S (instruction)
CN3058162S (instruction)
CN3058462S (instruction)
CN3058449S (instruction)
CN3058320S (instruction)
CN3058269S (instruction)
CN3058088S (instruction)
CN3058025S (instruction)
CN3058057S (instruction)

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
0001 Granted