IE51048B1 - Improvements in solid fuel stoves - Google Patents
Improvements in solid fuel stovesInfo
- Publication number
- IE51048B1 IE51048B1 IE1065/81A IE106581A IE51048B1 IE 51048 B1 IE51048 B1 IE 51048B1 IE 1065/81 A IE1065/81 A IE 1065/81A IE 106581 A IE106581 A IE 106581A IE 51048 B1 IE51048 B1 IE 51048B1
- Authority
- IE
- Ireland
- Prior art keywords
- combustion chamber
- combustion
- stove
- primary
- air
- Prior art date
Links
- 239000004449 solid propellant Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 9
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 133
- 239000000567 combustion gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000571 coke Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005192 partition Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000000197 pyrolysis Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 8
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000021715 photosynthesis, light harvesting Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000005485 electric heating Methods 0.000 description 2
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000003284 rhodium compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23B—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING ONLY SOLID FUEL
- F23B5/00—Combustion apparatus with arrangements for burning uncombusted material from primary combustion
- F23B5/04—Combustion apparatus with arrangements for burning uncombusted material from primary combustion in separate combustion chamber; on separate grate
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23B—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING ONLY SOLID FUEL
- F23B10/00—Combustion apparatus characterised by the combination of two or more combustion chambers
- F23B10/02—Combustion apparatus characterised by the combination of two or more combustion chambers including separate secondary combustion chambers
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23B—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING ONLY SOLID FUEL
- F23B90/00—Combustion methods not related to a particular type of apparatus
- F23B90/04—Combustion methods not related to a particular type of apparatus including secondary combustion
- F23B90/08—Combustion methods not related to a particular type of apparatus including secondary combustion in the presence of catalytic material
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23L—SUPPLYING AIR OR NON-COMBUSTIBLE LIQUIDS OR GASES TO COMBUSTION APPARATUS IN GENERAL ; VALVES OR DAMPERS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR CONTROLLING AIR SUPPLY OR DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; INDUCING DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; TOPS FOR CHIMNEYS OR VENTILATING SHAFTS; TERMINALS FOR FLUES
- F23L17/00—Inducing draught; Tops for chimneys or ventilating shafts; Terminals for flues
- F23L17/005—Inducing draught; Tops for chimneys or ventilating shafts; Terminals for flues using fans
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24B—DOMESTIC STOVES OR RANGES FOR SOLID FUELS; IMPLEMENTS FOR USE IN CONNECTION WITH STOVES OR RANGES
- F24B1/00—Stoves or ranges
- F24B1/006—Stoves or ranges incorporating a catalytic combustor
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24B—DOMESTIC STOVES OR RANGES FOR SOLID FUELS; IMPLEMENTS FOR USE IN CONNECTION WITH STOVES OR RANGES
- F24B1/00—Stoves or ranges
- F24B1/02—Closed stoves
- F24B1/026—Closed stoves with several combustion zones
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24B—DOMESTIC STOVES OR RANGES FOR SOLID FUELS; IMPLEMENTS FOR USE IN CONNECTION WITH STOVES OR RANGES
- F24B5/00—Combustion-air or flue-gas circulation in or around stoves or ranges
- F24B5/02—Combustion-air or flue-gas circulation in or around stoves or ranges in or around stoves
- F24B5/021—Combustion-air or flue-gas circulation in or around stoves or ranges in or around stoves combustion-air circulation
- F24B5/025—Supply of secondary air for completing combustion of fuel
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/90—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in food processing or handling, e.g. food conservation
- Y02A40/924—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in food processing or handling, e.g. food conservation using renewable energies
- Y02A40/928—Cooking stoves using biomass
Abstract
A stove for combustion of solid fuel comprises a primary combustion chamber (1) and a secondary combustion chamber (6) with separate supply of combustion air to both chambers. Both chambers (1, 6) are thermally insulated in such a manner that the secondary combustion chamber is better heat insulated than the primary combustion chamber. The secondary combustion chamber is a two-stage chamber. There is provided a heat exchanger surface (9) between an inlet passage (8) for the secondary combustion air and the outlet (10) for the hot combustion gases from the secondary combustion chamber (6).
Description
Price 90p
The present invention relates to stoves for combustion of solid fuel for example wood, coke and coal, comprising a primary combustion chamber and a secondary combustion chamber.
Attempts have been made with previously known stoves of this type to achieve an after combustion of incompletely burned gases by supplying secondary air to same in the combustion .chamber. Tests have, however, shown that the effect aimed at very rarely is obtained in small stoves and that if the result is obtained, it is due to particularly advantageous circumstances.
Due to the signs of a -future shortage of energy, present interest has increased in util-ization of forest products as a source for domestic heating. There will then be a demand for a stove which, without pollution of the environment is able to burn forest products and similar fuels with the highest possible efficiency and the best possible degree of controlled combustion
It is a feature of this type of stoves that the
2o fuel undergoes an incomplete (pyrolytic) combustion at a comparatively low temperature in a primary combustion chamber. In this process, inflammable gases (pyrolytic gases), inter alia, carbon monoxide, are liberated at a rate which is dependent on the temperature and the form and composition of the fuel. The temperature in the primary combustion chamber is dependent on the rate of combustion which takes place therein, and consequently is dependent on the supply of primary combustion air and the heat insulation of the primary combustion chamber. The total latent energy dissipation will consequently be the sum of the intensity of the primary combustion and the heating value of the dO pyrolytic gases. A controlled dissipation of energy requires at all times an adjustment of the quantity of primary air and the insulation of the primary combustion chamber, to the fuel which is in use.
In order to secure complete combustion of the
Ί5 pyrolytic gases and thereby obtain a high effeciency it will be necessary to supply combustion secondary air to the gases under controlled conditions concerning quantity, temperature and residence time. The combustion can in an effective manner take place in a separate secondary combustion chamber with suitable heat insulation and supply of air.
An object of the present invention is consequently to provide a stove for the combustion of solid fuel in which the combustion takes place in two stages, viz., firstly in a primary combustion chamber and thereafter in a secondary combustion chamber in such a manner that
1048 a high efficiency of the stove is obtained, and the stove should further be so designed that a controlled combustion is obtained.
According to the present invention a stove for the combustion of solid fuel such as wood, coke or coal comprises a combustion section which has a primary combustion chamber for the solid fuel, a primary air inlet for admitting combustion air to the primary combustion chamber, an exit section which includes a secondary combustion chamber and which is connected to to the outlet of the primary combustion chamber to receive the combustion gases therefrom, and a secondary air inlet for admitting further combustion air to the secondary combustion chamber, the primary and secondary combustion chambers being provided with heat insulation such that the secondary combustion chamber is better heat insulated than the primary combustion chamber whereby to enable the temperature of the combustion gases in the exit section to be raised to complete the combustion thereof.
The size of an optimal secondary combustion chamber will be dependent on the energy dissipation of the stove. The secondary combustion chamber is therefore preferably designed to ensure good secondary combustion over a wide range of adjustment, so that the combustion with low dissipation will take place in a first stage and at higher dissipations the combustion will be completed in a second stage.
It is advantageous to provide a heat exchanger surface between an inlet passage for secondary combustion air, and an outlet passage for the hot combustion gases from the secondary.......................
combustion chamber in order to preheat the combustion air admitted to the secondary combustion chamber.
It is to be recommended that the secondary air passage opens out in the space between the primary and secondary combustion chambers.
In a preferred embodiment of the invention the secondary combustion air passage is located in a partition between the primary combustion chamber and the secondary combustion chamber and this passage is insulated relative to the primary combustion chamber and defines a heat exchanger surface adjacent the secondary combustion chamber. The result is a pre-heating of the secondary combustion air.
A source of heat may be located in the secondary combustion chamber or in the air supply passage to the secondary combustion chamber, the source of heat being supplied with external energy and may, for example be an electric heating element. The energy dissipated by this source of heat can be controlled by
a) the temperature in the secondary combustion chamber, or by
b) the temperature rise in the secondary combustion chamber or by
c) the temperature in the primary combustion chamber or by
d) a combination of the parameters (a, b, c).
In order to lower the ignition temperature for the gases in the secondary combustion chamber, the secondary combustion chamber can be provided with a
048 catalyst. An alternative to this feature is to provide the secondary combustion chamber with plates, rods or similar means having a large thermal inertia so that ignition cf combustion gases will take place more easily than with a free gas atmosphere.
Tn order to ensure a self-controlled combustion process with high efficiency under all conditions independent of the type of fuel or form or varying draft conditions, a fan may be provided to ensure a uniform air supply for combustion. In an advantageous embodiment, the fan is driven by a thermoelectric element positioned on one of the walls in one of the combustion chambers, preferably the secondary combustion chamber.
The fan can be controlled by a thermostat.
The invention will be further described., by way of example, with reference to the diagramatic drawing which is a section of one embodiment of combustion stove according to the invention.
The stove shown as an example, comprises a primary combustion chamber 1 of which at least the top wall 2 is insulated. It is, however, possible to insulate also the side walls if this should prove necessary in order to'increase the temperature in the primary combustion, chamber when a predetermined rate of combustion is desired. Combustion air to the primary chamber 1 is drawn through draft openings 4 in the front of the stove.
The combustion gases from the primary- chamber 1 are conveyed through an opening 5 ab the rear wall 3 into secondary combustion chamber 6. This chamber is constructed as a two-stage chamber in which the combustion when the energy dissipation is low, takes place in stage I, while the combustion will be completed in stage II when the energy dissipation is high. Combustion air for the secondary chamber 6 is drawn in through a draft opening 7 ia the front of the stove to a passage 8 in the top wall 2 of the primary chamber 1. The . supply of combustion air is adjusted by controlling the primary air and secondary air simultaneously. The passage 8 is inshlated from the primary chamber 1 as shown on the drawing, but is provided with a heat exchanger surface 9 towards an outlet passage 10 from the secondary chamber 6. The secondary chamber 6 has a good, thermal insulation, so that sufficiently high temperatures (750 to 1000°C) are obtained therein. To ensure ignition with a complete combustion of the combustion gases in the secondary chamber 6, viz. that the temperature will be higher than the ignition temperature for the gases, a heating element 12 with an external supply of energy can be used. The heating element 12 can be an electric heating element, as in the shown embodiment, or the heating element can be an oil burner, gas burner, etc. The heating element can be located in the supply passage 8 for the secondary combustion air instead of in the secondary chamber 6 proper. As mentioned above the secondary chamber 6 may have a catalytic surface, for example a platinum or rhodium compound, so that the ignition temperature for the combustion gases is lowered. The secondary chamber 6 can also be provided with plates, rods or similar means having a certain thermal inertia, so that the ignition of the combustion gases will take place easier than in a free gas atmosphere. It should be pointed out that the provision of heating element, catalyst or rod or similar means with thermal inertia can be used alone or in combination.
The hot gases from the secondary chamber 6 are conveyed out through the outlet passage 10,re-enters at the forward edge of the top wall 2 and. flow through a passage 15 on the upper side of a top wall 11 to the flue 14. From the outlet of the passage 10 to the flue, the combustion gases dissipate the largest possible quantity of heat, and the passage 15 is therefore provided with a heat exchanger for transfer of the heat to the environment.
The flue 14 may be provided with a fan 15 which could be supplied with electric current from a thermocouple 16 located on the hot wall surface of-the passage
13. The thermocouple will generate an electric current which is dependent on the temperature difference between the hot side of the wall and the environment. The fan 15 can be controlled by a thermostat so that the supply of combustion air is made dependent on a desired room temperature. The starting of a cold stove can be made with a booster battery as the thermocouple does not then generate any .current, or natural draft through the flue can be utilized.
The external supply of energy to the secondary chamber 6 will not be required at all times. To control this supply of energy the following parameters should be taken into account:
. (a) the temperature in the secondary combustion chamber. If this temperature falls below 800°C, supply of external energy is required if combustion gas still is flowing from the primary combustion chamber, A temperature sensor could then be provided in the secondary combustion chamber;
(b) Temperature rise from inlet to outlet in the secondary combustion zone. A positive value which is not due .to supply of energy, indicates that combustion gas to be burned still is flowing;
(c) The temperature in the primary combustion chamber. A low limiting value indicates that the stove has no more fuel and therefore there is no need for
S1048 ίο external supply of energy.
3y combination of two or more of these parameters in the form of, for example, electrical signals from thermocouples, thermistors or similar means, it is possible to achieve a fully automatic and complete combustion of all inflammable gas.
Claims (14)
1. A stove for the combustion of solid fuel, such as wood, coke or coal, comprising a combustion section which has a primary combustion chamber for the solid fuel, a S primary air inlet for admitting combustion air to the primary combustion chamber, an exit section which includes a secondary combustion chamber and which is connected to the outlet of the primary combustion chamber to receive the combustion gases therefrom, and a secondary air inlet jg for admitting further combustion air to the secondary combustion chamber, the primary and secondary combustion chambers being provided with heat insulation such that the secondary combustion chamber is better heat insulated than the primary combustion chamber, whereby to enable 15 the temperature of the combustion gases in the exit section to be raised to complete the combustion thereof.
2. A stove as claimed in claim 1, in which the volume of, the insulation of, and the supply of primary air to the primary combustion chamber, are such as to 20 result in a uniform rate of combustion and pyrolysis in order to_produce a correctly adapted quantity of unburned gases, inter alia CO, which are supplied to the secondary combustion chamber.
3. A stove as claimed in claim 1 or 2, in which the 25 volume of, the insulation of, and the supply of secondary 5 ί 048 air to the secondary combustion chamber are such as to achieve ignition and complete combustion of the pyrolytic gases.
4. A stove as claimed in any of claims 1 to 3, in 5 which an air passage for supply of the secondary air to the secondary combustion chamber opens into a space between the primary combustion chamber and the secondary combustion chamber.
5. A stove as claimed in any of claims 1 to 3, 10 in which an air passage for supply of the secondary air to the secondary combustion chamber is provided in a partition between the primary combustion chamber and the secondary combustion chamber and an outlet from the secondary combustion chamber, and the partition defines 15 a heat exchanger surface adjacent the latter outlet.·
6. A stove as claimed in any of claims 1 to 4, in which a heat exchanger surface is provided between an inlet passage for the secondary air and an outlet passage for the hot combustion gases from the secondary 20 combustion chamber in order to preheat the secondary air flowing to the secondary combustion chamber.
7. A stove as claimed in any of claims 1 to 6, in which the secondary combustion chamber is designed to enable complete combustion to take place. 25
8. A stove as claimed in any preceding claim, in which the secondary combustion chamber or the supply passage for secondary Sir is provided with a heat source with a supply of external energy.
9. A stove as claimed in claim 8, in which the heat source is controlled by the temperature in the' secondary combustion chamber or by the temperature rise in the secondary combustion chamber or by the temperature in the primary combustion chamber or by a combination of two or more of the above parameters.
10. A stove as claimed in any preceding claim, in which the secondary combustion chamber is provided with a catalyst, so that the ignition temperature for the gases in this chamber is lowered.
11. A stove as claimed in any preceding claim, in which the secondary combustion chamber is provided with plates, rods or similar means having a certain · thermal inertia so that the ignition of combustion ga-ses will take place more easily than with free gas atmosphere.
12. A stove as claimed in any preceding claim, in which a fan is provided to ensure uniform air supply for combustion, so that controlled combustion is achieved.
13. A stove as claimed in claim 12, in which the fan is driven by a thermocouple provided at one of the wails in one of the combustion chambers or at ihe outlet from the secondary combustion chamber
14. A stove for combustion of solid fuel constructed and adapted to operate substantially as herein described with reference to and as illustrated in the drawing.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| NO801421A NO146444C (en) | 1980-05-13 | 1980-05-13 | DEVICE BY OVEN. |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| IE811065L IE811065L (en) | 1981-11-13 |
| IE51048B1 true IE51048B1 (en) | 1986-09-17 |
Family
ID=19885484
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| IE1065/81A IE51048B1 (en) | 1980-05-13 | 1981-05-12 | Improvements in solid fuel stoves |
Country Status (17)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPS576205A (en) |
| BE (1) | BE888739A (en) |
| CA (1) | CA1155017A (en) |
| CH (1) | CH654645A5 (en) |
| DE (1) | DE3117290A1 (en) |
| DK (1) | DK210481A (en) |
| ES (1) | ES502191A0 (en) |
| FI (1) | FI65666C (en) |
| FR (1) | FR2482702B1 (en) |
| GB (1) | GB2081888B (en) |
| IE (1) | IE51048B1 (en) |
| IT (1) | IT1137009B (en) |
| LU (1) | LU83344A1 (en) |
| NL (1) | NL8102249A (en) |
| NO (1) | NO146444C (en) |
| PT (1) | PT73025B (en) |
| SE (1) | SE446904B (en) |
Families Citing this family (15)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4651709A (en) * | 1982-12-23 | 1987-03-24 | Hellmut Schnetker | Fuel burning stove |
| JPS6068301U (en) * | 1983-10-14 | 1985-05-15 | 株式会社テクロツク | stove |
| GB8519577D0 (en) * | 1985-08-03 | 1985-09-11 | Nova Stove Ltd | Heating apparatus |
| FR2641056A1 (en) * | 1988-12-23 | 1990-06-29 | Fondis Sa | Improved postcombustion method with rapid triggering for solid fuels and means intended for implementing it |
| RU2134838C1 (en) | 1999-01-14 | 1999-08-20 | Скроцкий Виктор Георгиевич | Furnace |
| WO2006103613A2 (en) * | 2005-03-29 | 2006-10-05 | Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. | Improvements in cooking stoves |
| AT503815B1 (en) * | 2006-09-27 | 2008-01-15 | Gs Components Handelsgmbh | Power regulator for solid fuel heated chimney ovens and stoves in combination with oxidation catalyst, comprises combustion air that is divided in two air channels using regulators |
| GB2466229A (en) * | 2008-12-15 | 2010-06-16 | Graham Thornhill | Fuel burning stove with directed air vents to produce air rotation in combustion chamber |
| JP5985995B2 (en) * | 2013-01-16 | 2016-09-06 | 株式会社岡本 | Wood-burning stove |
| DE102014104778A1 (en) * | 2014-04-03 | 2015-10-08 | Mayr Heiztechnik E.K. | wood stove |
| JP6334298B2 (en) * | 2014-07-04 | 2018-05-30 | 株式会社ダイセル | Smoke generator |
| GB201417050D0 (en) * | 2014-09-26 | 2014-11-12 | Island Pellet Stoves Ltd | Stove |
| FR3033625B1 (en) * | 2015-03-09 | 2018-10-19 | Supra | SOLID FUEL BURNER AND HEATING APPARATUS COMPRISING SUCH A BURNER |
| USD982445S1 (en) | 2021-01-21 | 2023-04-04 | Graham Packaging Company, L.P. | Grooved container |
| CN113339846B (en) * | 2021-06-03 | 2023-07-21 | 韩宇泉 | Heating structure of heating furnace and heating furnace |
Family Cites Families (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB1077373A (en) * | 1900-01-01 | |||
| DE385496C (en) * | 1922-09-26 | 1923-11-23 | Heinrich Tritschler Herd Und O | Half gas firing for ovens, stoves, etc. Like. With suction of the carbonization gases formed in the filling chamber after the flame has been extracted |
| GB1059345A (en) * | 1962-11-22 | 1967-02-15 | Kenneth Richardson Morton | Improvements in or relating to incinerators |
| US4196713A (en) * | 1978-03-06 | 1980-04-08 | Atlanta Stove Works, Inc. | Fuel burning heater |
-
1980
- 1980-05-13 NO NO801421A patent/NO146444C/en unknown
-
1981
- 1981-04-30 DE DE19813117290 patent/DE3117290A1/en active Granted
- 1981-05-06 LU LU83344A patent/LU83344A1/en unknown
- 1981-05-08 NL NL8102249A patent/NL8102249A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1981-05-08 BE BE0/204739A patent/BE888739A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1981-05-11 FI FI811442A patent/FI65666C/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1981-05-11 CA CA000377324A patent/CA1155017A/en not_active Expired
- 1981-05-11 FR FR8109333A patent/FR2482702B1/en not_active Expired
- 1981-05-12 IT IT21659/81A patent/IT1137009B/en active
- 1981-05-12 SE SE8102975A patent/SE446904B/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1981-05-12 IE IE1065/81A patent/IE51048B1/en unknown
- 1981-05-12 DK DK210481A patent/DK210481A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1981-05-12 PT PT73025A patent/PT73025B/en unknown
- 1981-05-12 CH CH3071/81A patent/CH654645A5/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1981-05-12 GB GB8114407A patent/GB2081888B/en not_active Expired
- 1981-05-13 JP JP7208481A patent/JPS576205A/en active Pending
- 1981-05-13 ES ES502191A patent/ES502191A0/en active Granted
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| ES8204131A1 (en) | 1982-04-01 |
| NO146444B (en) | 1982-06-21 |
| NO146444C (en) | 1985-10-08 |
| FI65666C (en) | 1984-06-11 |
| SE8102975L (en) | 1981-11-14 |
| DE3117290A1 (en) | 1982-03-25 |
| FI65666B (en) | 1984-02-29 |
| BE888739A (en) | 1981-08-28 |
| GB2081888A (en) | 1982-02-24 |
| CA1155017A (en) | 1983-10-11 |
| FR2482702B1 (en) | 1988-01-29 |
| NO801421L (en) | 1981-11-16 |
| IE811065L (en) | 1981-11-13 |
| IT1137009B (en) | 1986-09-03 |
| DK210481A (en) | 1981-11-14 |
| IT8121659A0 (en) | 1981-05-12 |
| JPS576205A (en) | 1982-01-13 |
| CH654645A5 (en) | 1986-02-28 |
| FR2482702A1 (en) | 1981-11-20 |
| GB2081888B (en) | 1985-01-30 |
| SE446904B (en) | 1986-10-13 |
| NL8102249A (en) | 1981-12-01 |
| DE3117290C2 (en) | 1990-10-31 |
| ES502191A0 (en) | 1982-04-01 |
| FI811442L (en) | 1981-11-14 |
| PT73025A (en) | 1981-06-01 |
| PT73025B (en) | 1982-06-17 |
| LU83344A1 (en) | 1981-07-24 |
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