HRP20050277A2 - Medicament containing disorazoles and derivativesthereof for the treatment of benign and malignanttumoral diseases - Google Patents
Medicament containing disorazoles and derivativesthereof for the treatment of benign and malignanttumoral diseases Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- HRP20050277A2 HRP20050277A2 HR20050277A HRP20050277A HRP20050277A2 HR P20050277 A2 HRP20050277 A2 HR P20050277A2 HR 20050277 A HR20050277 A HR 20050277A HR P20050277 A HRP20050277 A HR P20050277A HR P20050277 A2 HRP20050277 A2 HR P20050277A2
- Authority
- HR
- Croatia
- Prior art keywords
- alkyl
- disorazole
- treatment
- general formula
- cancer
- Prior art date
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Description
Tijekom sljedećih nekoliko godina u čitavom se svijetu očekuje dramatičan porast onkoza i bolesti povezanih s tumorima. U 2001. godini, u cijelom svijetu je otprilike 10 milijuna ljudi bolovalo od karcinoma, a preko 6 milijuna ljudi je od te bolesti i umrlo. Razvoj i rast tumora je temeljna bolest viših organizama u biljnom i životinjskom svijetu, te kod ljudi. Općenito prihvaćeni mnogostupni model karcinogeneze pretpostavlja da se, kao posljedica nakupljanja većeg broja mutacija u pojedinačnoj stanici, mijenja ponašanje te iste stanice u proliferaciji i diferencijaciji na takav način da se u konačnici, preko benignih međustadija, dosiže maligno stanje s metastazom. Termin karcinom ili tumor obuhvaćaju kliničku sliku s više od 200 različitih odjelitih bolesti. Onkoze se mogu razvijati na benigni ili maligni način. Najvažniji tumori su tumori pluća, dojke, želuca, grla maternice, prostate, glave i vrata, debelog i tankog crijeva, jetre i krvotvornog sustava. Postoje velike razlike glede tijeka, prognoze i terapijskog ponašanja. Više od 90 % prepoznatih slučajeva se odnose na krute tumore koji se pogotovu u uznapredovalom stadiju ili u metastazi teško liječe ili se uopće ne mogu liječiti. Tri noseća stupa liječenja karcinoma su uklanjanje kirurškim putem, radioterapija i kemoterapija. Usprkos velikom napretku, još uvijek nije moguće razviti lijekove koji osiguravaju značajno produljenja života ili čak potpuno izlječenje u slučaju krutog tumora koji se znatno raširio. Prema tome, postoje razlozi za pronalaženje novih lijekova u području liječenja karcinoma.
Predmetni se izum odnosi na disorazol – uz izuzetak disorazola A1 – i derivate disorazolā, kao i na njihovu uporabu kao lijekova, posebice u liječenju benignih i malignih tumora kod ljudi i sisavaca.
Nedavno je neočekivano otkriveno kako posebice disorazoli E1 i D1 posjeduju izvanredno citotoksičko djelovanje na različite stanične linije humanih tumora. U nano- i pikomolarnim koncentracijama, inhibira se dioba, među ostalim, stanica karcinoma jajnika, karcinoma prostate, glioblastoma, karcinoma pluća i karcinoma dojke. Djelovanje disorazola E1 i D1 je u ovom slučaju ovisno o staničnom ciklusu, a čak i u nanomolarnim koncentracijama stanični se ciklus zadržava u G2/M fazi i stanice karcinoma su natjerane u apoptozu. Nadalje, moguće je pokazati kako se antiproliferativno djelovanje disorazola koje se želi zaštiti temelji, između ostalog, na učinkovitoj inhibiciji polimerizacije tubulina. Disorazol E1 je osim toga posebice visoko djelatan protiv staničnih linija koje su otporne na paklitaksel i vindesin. Također je moguće na inovativan način pokazati kako disorazol E1 posjeduje visoko potentno biološko djelovanje, pa je tako moguća i njegova uporaba kao djelatnog spoja u lijekovima za nadzor karcinoma.
To je posebice bitno, budući da je disorazol A1 neprikladan za uporabu kao citostatik (G. Hoefle, Annual report 1999/2000 of the Gesellschaft für Biotechnologische Forschung [Association for Biotechnological Research], GBF, p. 103).
U terapijskom pokusu uporabom, primjerice, golih miševa koji nose ksenograft tumora NC1-H460 – ali bez ograničenja na isto – uočeno je kod disorazola E1 koji je primijenjen in vivo značajno smanjenje rasta tumora čak i pri dozama koje nisu uzrokovale nikakvo smanjenje težine ili pak uginuće.
Prirodne tvari su važan izvor za nove vodeće strukture u farmaceutskom istraživanju, a u nekim su slučajevima izravno prikladne za razvoj novih lijekova (Y.-Z. Shu, J. Nat. Prod., 1998, 61, 1053-1071). Poznato je kako mnoge prirodne tvari posjeduju snažno citotoksično djelovanje (V. J. Ram, S. Kumari, DNP, 2001, 14(8), 465-482).
Poznato je kako su prirodne tvari iz skupine koju čine disorazoli izdvojeni iz bakterije soja Sorangium cellulosum So ce12 (R. Jansen, H. Irschik, H. Reichenbach, V. Wray, G. Höfle, Liebigs Ann. Chem., 1994, (8), 759-773). Ukupno je dosad izdvojeno i fizikalno-kemijski definirano 29 disorazola. Za disorazol A1 je objavljeno kako posjeduje antiproliferativno djelovanje u modelima stanica (H. Irschik, R. Jansen, K. Gerth, G. Höfle, H. Reichenbach, J. Antibiot. 1995, 48(1), 31-35; Y. A. Elnakady, Dissertation, Brunswick Technical University, 2001). Međutim, uporaba za liječenje onkoza nije ni opisana niti navedena. Biološko ispitivanje drugih disorazola nije izvršeno.
Spojevi sukladno predmetnom izumu su prikladni za uporabu, bez ograničavanja na istu, kao lijekovi u liječenju benignih i malignih onkoza ili drugih antiproliferativnih poremećaja kod ljudi i životinja. U principu su spojevi sukladno predmetnom izumu prikladni za nadzor svih poremećaja koji se temelje na nekontroliranoj i brzoj diobi stanica i time uzrokuju patološka stanja. Spojevi sukladno predmetnom izumu se mogu koristiti kao odvojene tvari ili u kombinaciji s drugim citotoksičnim tvarima, npr. cisplatinom, karboplatinom, doksorubicinom, ifosfamidom, ciklofosfamidom, 5-FU, metotreksatom, a posebice u kombinaciji s inhibitorima transdukcije signala, poput primjerice, Herceptina, Gliveca ili Iressa-e, ali bez ograničavanja na iste.
Sintetički i polu-sintetički analozi disorazolā također posjeduju antiproliferativno djelovanje. Putem specifične prilagodbe oblika molekule, mogu se modulirati važna svojstva, poput biološkog inhibicijskog djelovanja, postojanosti i biofizikalnih svojstava. Na taj se način mogu dobiti terapijski vrijedni derivati početnih spojeva. Daljnji je cilj derivacije ublažavanje eventualnih toksičnih nuspojava.
Spojevi sukladno predmetnom izumu se mogu davati u obliku tekućih farmaceutskih pripravaka. Primjena se vrši na način koji je prikladan za svaki konkretni slučaj u obliku otopina ili suspenzija.
Spojevi sukladno predmetnom izumu mogu se primjenjivati u prikladnom obliku, poželjno je u arteriju, intraarterijski kao injekcija; u venu, intravenski kao injekcija ili infuzija; u kožu, intrakutano kao injekcija; pod kožu, subkutano kao injekcija; u mišić, intramuskularno kao injekcija; u abdominalnu šupljinu, intraperitonealno kao injekcija ili infuzija.
Ako spojevi opće formule I sukladno predmetnom izumu imaju najmanje jedno asimetrično središte, oni se mogu pojavljivati u obliku racemata, u obliku čistih enantiomera i/ili dijastereomera ili u obliku smjesa rečenih enantiomera i/ili dijastereomera, bilo kao čisti spojevi ili kao njihove farmaceutski prihvatljive soli. Smjese se mogu pojavljivati u bilo kojem poželjnom omjeru stereoizomera.
Ako je to moguće, konfiguracije svake od dvostrukih veza u spojevima sukladno predmetnom izumu mogu neovisno jedna o drugoj u svakom pojedinačnom slučaju biti E ili Z.
Ako je to moguće, spojevi sukladno predmetnom izumu mogu se nalaziti u obliku tautomera.
Sukladno jednom od utjelovljenja, predmetni se izum odnosi na spojeve opće formule I:
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Formula I
kod kojih, neovisno jedan o drugom,
R1 predstavlja:
i) vodik
ii) OR4
iii) dio dvostruke veze na C5’
R2, R3 i R4 predstavljaju:
i) vodik
ii) nesupstituirani ili supstituirani (C1-C6)-alkil,
iii) (C1-C4)-alkil supstituiran s jednim ili više atoma fluora, poželjno je s trifluormetilnom skupinom,
iv) nesupstituirani ili supstituirani (C1-C4)-alkil-(C6-C14)-aril, nesupstituirani ili supstituirani (C1-C4)-alkilheteroaril,
v) (C1-C4)-alkoksikarbonil, (C1-C4)-alkilaminokarbonil, (C1-C4)-alkilamino-tiokarbonil, (C1-C6)-alkilkarbonil ili (C1-C6)-alkoksikarbonil-(C1-C6)-alkil,
a pri tom je moguće jednokratna supstitucija alkilnog radikala s F, Cl, Br, I, CN, NH2, NH-(C1-C20)-alkil, NH-(C3-C12)-cikloalkil, OH, O-(C1-C20)-alkil ili, na istim ili različitim atomima, višestruka s istovjetnim ili različitim supstituentima, a pri tom je moguće jednokratna supstitucija arilnog radikala s F, Cl, Br, I, CN, NH2, NH-(C1-C20)-alkil, OH, O-(C1-C20)-alkil i/ili (C3-C6)-heterociklil koji ima 1 do 5 heteroatoma, poželjno dušik, kisik, sumpor, ili, na istim ili različitim atomima, višestruka s istovjetnim ili različitim supstituentima,
a
X, Y predstavljaju: u svakom pojedinačnom slučaju, neovisno jedan o drugom ili zajedno, kisik, sumpor, dvije vicinalne hidroksilne skupine, dvije vicinalne metoksi skupine, dio dvostruke veze,
isključen je spoj kod kojeg je R1 metoksi, R2, R3 su vodik, X je kisik, a Y je dio dvostruke veze.
Izraz “aril” kako se koristi u predmetnom izumu označava aromatske ugljikovodike, između ostalog fenile, naftile i antracenile. Radikali također mogu biti stopljeni na druge zasićene, (djelomično) nezasićene ili aromatske prstenaste sustave.
Izraz “heteroaril” označava 5-, 6- ili 7-eročlani aromatski radikal, koji sadrži najmanje 1, po izboru 2, 3, 4 ili 5 heteroatoma, pri čemu su heteroatomi istovjetni ili različiti. Heterocikl također može biti dio bi- ili policikličkog sustava. Poželjni heteroatomi su dušik, kisik i sumpor. Poželjno je da heteroarilni radikal bude odabran iz skupine koju čine pirolil, furil, tienil, tiazolil, oksazolil, izoksazolil, pirazolil, imidazolil, piridinil, pirimidinil, pirazinil, indolil, indolizinil, kinolinil, izokinolinil, kinazolinil, kinoksalinil, karbazolil, fenazinil, fenotiazinil, akridinil.
Najpoželjniji spojevi sukladno općoj formuli I su oni koji su navedeni u sljedećem odabiru:
1) Disorazol E1
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Formula II: disorazol E1
2) Disorazol D1
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Formula III: disorazol D1
3) Disorazol A1 izričito nije predmet ovog izuma.
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Formula IV: disorazol A1
Sintetički i polusintetički analozi disorazola opće formule Ia, I b i Ic sukladno predmetnom izumu se mogu pripraviti prema shemi 1:
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Shema 1
Disorazoli opće formule I se mogu pretvoriti na uobičajeni način u derivate sukladno predmetnom izumu slijedom formula Ia, Ib i Ic i zamjenom vodika na R2, R3 i R4.
Na primjer, ako se želi pripraviti supstituirane disorazole po formuli Ic, kod koje R2, R3 i R4 = alkil ili alkilaril, prikladni disorazol opće formule I se izloži reakciji s prikladnim alkilirajućim halidom ili alkilaril halidom i prikladnom lužinom, poželjno je s trietilaminom, piridinom, alkoksidom, natrijevim hidridom ili kalijevim karbonatom, u prikladnom otapalu, primjerice u diklormetanu, dietil eteru, acetonitrilu, NN-dimetilformamidu, na temperaturi između 0 oC i 100 oC (J. Org. Chem. 1971, 36, 284-294).
Na primjer, ako se želi pripraviti supstituirane disorazole po formuli Ib, kod koje R2, R3 i R4 = karbamat, tiokarbamat, prikladni disorazol opće formule I se izloži reakciji s prikladnim izocijanatima ili izotiocijanatima u nazočnosti prikladne lužine, poželjno je trietilamina, piridina, natrijevog hidrida, nekog alkoksida, NaOH u vodi ili kalijevog karbonata te u prikladnom otapalu, primjerice u diklormetanu, dietil eteru, acetonitrilu, NN-dimetil-formamidu ili smjesama otapala, primjerice smjese dioksan-voda ili THF-voda na temperaturi između 0 oC i 100 oC (DE2040175, Rocz. Chem. 1972, 46, 717; Tetrahedron Lett. 1993, 34, 3745).
Ako se želi pripraviti supstituirane disorazole po formuli Ia, gdje su R2, R3 i R4 = alkilkarbonil ili alkoksikarbonil, prikladni disorazol opće formule I se izloži reakciji s prikladnim alkilkarbonil kloridima, alkilkarboksil anhidridima ili kloroformatima u nazočnosti prikladne lužine, poželjno je trietilamina, piridina, natrijevog hidrida, nekog alkoksida, NaOH u vodi ili kalijevog karbonata te u prikladnom otapalu, primjerice u diklormetanu, dietil eteru, acetonitrilu, NN-dimetilformamidu ili smjesama otapala, poput primjerice smjesa dioksan-voda ili THF-voda na temperaturi između 0 oC i 100 oC (J. Org. Chem, 1957, 22, 1551; Synth. Commun. 1997, 27, 2777; J. Org. Chem. 1959, 24, 774).
Predmetni će se izum podrobnije prikazati uz pomoć sljedećih primjera, bez ikakvog ograničenja na iste.
Primjeri
Mogućnosti uporabe
Primjer 1
Disorazoli, poput primjerice, disorazola E1, poželjni su kao djelatni spojevi u gotovom lijeku za liječenje malignih onkoza poput karcinoma dojke, karcinoma pluća, karcinoma jajnika, karcinoma kože, karcinoma prostate, karcinoma kolona, karcinoma bubrežnih stanica, karcinoma jetre, karcinoma gušterače i različitih karcinoma mozga. U poželjnom obliku primjene, djelatni je spoj nazočan u obliku liofilizata zajedno s ekscipijensima, poznatim stručnjaku u predmetnom području, u staklenki za injekcije, a otapaju se uporabom fiziološke otopine prije uporabe, potom razrijede u jastučiću za injekcije i daju bolesniku pomoću cjevčice u venu. Doza, koja ovisi o stadiju onkoze i zdravstvenom stanju bolesnika, iznosi između 0,1 mg i 100 mg djelatnog spoja po m2. Trajanje infuzije ovisi o objektivnim kriterijima same bolesti.
Primjer 2
Uporaba disorazolā poput, primjerice, disorazola E1 kao djelatog spoja u gotovom lijeku za liječenje upalnih oboljenja. Ista uključuju, primjerice, upalne bolesti dišnih putova, poput bronhalne astme, alergijskog rinitisa, alergijskog konjunktivitisa, atopijskog dermatitisa, ekcema, alergijskog angiitisa, upala posredovanih eozinofilima, poput eozinofilne upale pluća i PIE sindroma (infiltracija pluća s eozinofilijom), urtikarije, ulcerativnog kolitisa, Chronove bolest i proliferativna oboljenja kože, poput psorijaze i keratoze.
Primjer 3
Uporaba disorazolā poput, primjerice, disorazola E1 kao djelatog spoja u gotovom lijeku koji posjeduje imunomodulatorsko djelovanje za liječenje imunih i autoimunih bolesti. Takove bolesti mogu uključivati, primjerice, upale zglobova, poput artritisa i reumatoidnog artritisa, te druga artritična oboljenja, poput reumatoidnog spondilitisa i osteoartritisa. Daljnje mogućnosti uporabe su u liječenju bolesnika koji su pate od sepse, septičnom šoku, gram-negativnoj sepse, sindroma toksičkog šoka, sindroma dišnih tegoba, astme ili drugih kroničnih plućnih bolesti, bolesti resorpcije kostiju ili reakcijama odbacivanja usadka, te drugih autoimunih bolesti, poput lupus erythematosus, multipla skleroze, glomerulonefritisa i uveitisa, inzulin-ovisnog diabetes mellitusa i kronične demijelinacije.
Primjer 4
Uporaba disorazolā poput, primjerice, disorazola E1 kao djelatog spoja u gotovom lijeku koji se može koristiti u terapiji protiv infekcija, poput virusnih infekcija i infekcija uzrokovanih parazitima, primjerice u terapiji protiv malarije, groznice povezane s infekcijom, bola u mišićima povezanog s infekcijom, infekcijama HIV-om (AIDS) i kaheksijama.
Proizvodnja
U primjeni spojeva sukladno predmetnom izumu poželjna je uporaba parenteralnih, transdermalnih, lokalnih, inhalacijskih i intranazalnih pripravaka.
Proizvodnja, punjenje i hermetičko zatvaranje pripravaka se vrši pod uobičajenim protumikrobnim i aseptičnim uvjetima.
Osim najmanje jednog sastojka sukladno predmetnom izumu, farmaceutski oblici, ovisno o farmaceutskom obliku koji se rabi, po izboru mogu sadržavati ekscipijense, poput, između ostalog, otapala, ubrzivače otapanja, solubilizatore, emulzifikatore, sredstva za vlaženje, sredstva za sprječavanje nastanka pjene, sredstva za tvorbu gela, sredstva za zgušnjavanje, pufere, sredstva za tvorbu soli, konzervanse, antioksidanse, sredstva za bojanje, sredstva za poboljšavanje okusa i mirisa. Odabir ekcipijensa i količina koja će se rabiti ovise o odabiru farmaceutskog oblika i prilagođava se pripravcima koji su poznati stručnjacima u predmetnom području.
Lijekovi sukladno predmetnom izumu se mogu davati u prikladnom obliku za primjenu na kožu, epikutano u obliku otopine, suspenzije, emulzije, pjene, masti, paste ili naljepka; preko nazalne mukoze, nazalno u obliku kapljica, masti ili raspršivača; preko bronhalnog ili alveolarnog epitela, plućno ili putem inhalacije u obliku aerosola ili sredstva za inhalaciju; preko spojnice oka, konjunktivalno kao kapi za oči, masti za oči, tablete za oči, pločice ili losioni za oči; u arteriju, intraarterijski u obliku injekcije; u venu, intravenski u obliku injekcije ili infuzije, paravenski, u obliku injekcije ili infuzije; u kožu, intrakutano u obliku injekcije ili usadka; pod kožu, subkutano u obliku injekcije ili usadka; u mišić, intramuskularno u obliku injekcije ili usadka; u trbušnu šupljinu, intraperitonealno u obliku injekcije ili infuzije.
U terapiji protiv tumora, spojevi opće formule I sukladno predmetnom izumu se mogu koristiti kao odvojene tvari ili u kombinaciji s drugim citotoksičnim tvarima, poput, primjerice, paklitaksela, vinkristina, vindesina, cisplatina, karboplatina, doksorubicina, ifosfamida, ciklofosfamida, 5-FU, metotreksata ili u kombinaciji s imunomodulatorima ili protutijelima, a posebice u kombinaciji s inhibitorima transdukcije signala, poput, primjerice, Herceptina, Gliveca ili Iressa-e.
Primjer 5
Pripravci za parenteralnu primjenu disorazolā poput, primjerice, disorazola E1, mogu se nalaziti u pojedinačnim oblicima za doziranje poput, primjerice, ampula ili bočica. Poželjna je uporaba otopina djelatnog spoja, poželjne su vodene otopine, a posebice izotonične otopine ili, alternativno, suspenzije. Takvi oblici za davanje injekcijom mogu biti gotovi pripravci ili se pripravljaju neposredno prije uporabe miješanjem djelatnog spoja, primjerice liofilizata, ako je to prikladno s drugim krutim nosačima, sa željenim otapalom ili sredstvom za suspendiranje.
Primjer 6
Pripravci za intranazalnu primjenu disorazola poput, primjerice, disorazola E1, mogu se nalaziti u obliku vodenih ili uljnih otopina ili u obliku vodenih ili uljnih suspenzija. Također se mogu nalaziti u obliku liofilizata, koji se pripravljaju prije uporabe uporabom prikladnog otapala ili sredstva za suspenziju.
Biološko djelovanje spojeva sukladno predmetnom izumu
Primjer 7 Antiproliferativno djelovanje na različite linije stanica tumora
Ispitani su spojevi sukladno predmetnom izumu glede njihova antiproliferativnog djelovanja u testu proliferacije na utvrđenim tumorskim staničnim linijama (D. A. Scuderio i dr., Cancer Res. 1988, 48, 4827-4833). Korištenim testom se određuje djelovanje stanične dehidrogenaze i omogućuje određivanje vitalnosti stanice, te posredno i broja stanica. Primjerično korištene linije stanica su linija stanica humanog karcinoma grla maternice KB/HeLa (ATTC CCL17), linija stanica adenokarcinoma jajnika SKOV-3 (ATCC HTB77), linija stanica humanog glioblastoma SF-268 (NCI 503138), linija stanica karcinoma pluća NC1-H460 (NCI 503473) i linija stanica humanog adenokarcinoma kolona RKOP27.
Citotoksičko djelovanje ili djelovanje na sprječavanje rasta opisanih spojeva, kao i referentnih spojeva, prikazano je u Tablici 1. Rezultati prikazuju vrlo jaku inhibiciju proliferacije odabranih tumorskih linija stanica od strane tvari sukladno predmetnom izumu.
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Tablica 1: Inhibicija proliferacije tvarima sukladno predmetnom izumu u XTT testu citotoksičnosti na linijama stanica humanih tumora
Primjer 8 Antiproliferativno djelovanje na linije stanica MDR tumora
U svrhu daljnje karakterizacije, ispitivano je djelovanje tvari sukladno predmetnom izumu na multirezistentnim linijama stanica (MDR, multi-drug resistent) u usporedbi s nerezistentnim divlji-tip linijama stanica.
Ispitivane linije stanica su linija stanica akutne mijeloidne leukemije LT12 i rezistentna linija LT12/mdr. Osim toga, kao testni sustavi korištene su mišja linija stanica P388 (metilkolantrenom izazvana limfoidna neoplazma) i doksorubicin rezistentna P388.
Dobiveni su rezultati sažeto prikazani u Tablici 2 dolje:
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Tablica 2: Inhibicijsko djelovanje disorazola E1 i referentnih tvari u XTT testu proliferacije na nerezistentne i rezistentne linije stanica tumora
Disorazol E1 pokazuje vrlo snažno inhibicijsko djelovanje na sve testirane linije stanica, dok je kod klasičnih inhibitora tubulina, poput paklitaksela ili vinkristina, uočeno znatno smanjeno djelovanje i ukrižena rezistentnost kod MDR1 linija stanica.
Primjer 9 Inhibicija polimerizacije tubulina
Tvari su testirane u in-vitro testu inhibicije polimerizacije goveđeg β-tubulina (D. M. Bollag i dr., Cancer Res. 1995, 55, 2325-2333). U tom se testu rabi tubulin pročišćen ciklusima polimerizacije i depolimerizacije, a polimerizira se dodavanjem GTP i zagrijavanjem. EC50 vrijednosti inhibicije polimerizacije β-tubulina s 30 % povezanih proteina (MAPS) su navedene u Tablici 3.
[image]
Broj pokusa: n = 2
Tablica 3 Inhibicija polimerizacije β-tubulina s 30 % MAP
Rezultati pokazuju kako disorazoli E1 i D1 inhibiraju polimerizaciju tubulina pri niskim koncentracijama.
Primjer 10 Analiza staničnog ciklusa
Stanični ciklus obuhvaća razvoj stanice od jedne generacije stanica do iduće.
Tijekom faze mirovanja (G0) i predmitotičke faze (G1), stanica posjeduje diploidni skup kromosoma (2c). U fazi sinteze (S), količina DNA se povećava replikacijom. Faza S se okončava dosizanjem predmitotičke faze (G2M), u kojoj stanica posjeduje reduplicirani komplement kromosoma (4c) i podvostručeni sadržaj DNA. U sljedećoj fazi prijelazne mitoze (M) dolazi do ravnomjerne podjele redupliciranih kromosoma na dvije stanice kćeri, od kojih svaka ponovno posjeduje diploidni sadržaj DNA i nalaze se u fazi G01, tako da stanični ciklus može krenuti ispočetka.
U svrhu analize staničnog ciklusa, KB/HeLa stanice se tretiraju testnim tvarima u različitim koncentracijama (0,1 – 1000 nM) tijekom 24 sata na 37 oC.
Postotni udio stanica koje su zaustavljene u fazi G2/M staničnog ciklusa nakon tretmana s referentnim tvarima ili probranim testnim tvarima prikazan je u Tablici 4 dolje. Rezultati su procijenjeni uporabom specijalnog analitičkog računalnog programa (ModFit™).
[image]
Tablica 4: Koncentracija pri kojoj je 50 % stanica zaustavljeno u G2/M fazi
Spojevi sukladno predmetnom izumu posjeduju najviše djelovanje u usporedbi s referentnim spojevima. Posebice disorazol E1 inhibira stanični ciklus u fazi G2/M pri ekstremno niskim koncentracijama.
Primjer 11 In vivo rezultati
In-vivo djelovanje spojeva sukladno predmetnom izumu testirano je na humanim i mišjim modelima ksenografta.
U terapijskom pokusu s golim miševima koji nose ksenograft tumora NC1-H460, in vivo primjenom disorazola E1 omogućeno je značajno smanjenje rasta tumora čak i pri dozama koje nisu uzrokovale nikakvo značajno gubljenje težine ili čak uginuće.
Slika 1: Pokus in-vivo tretmana s disorazolom E kod ksenografta NC1-H460 tumora
Model na golim miševima dani
[image]
Disorazol E1 (D-42805): 0,25 mg/kg; i.v.; dan 0, 7; 8 uginuća (dan 11, 12,13)
Disorazol E1 (D-42805): 0,1 mg/kg; i.v.; dan 0, 7, 14; nema slučajeva uginuća
Disorazol E1 (D-42805): 0,05 mg/kg; i.v.; dan 0, 7, 14; nema slučajeva uginuća
Kontrola: 0,9 %-tna fiziološka otopina koja sadrži 3,3 % DMSO, 10 ml/kg;
n = 8 životinja /skupini
Primjer 12 AMES test
Kako bi se procijenile moguće nuspojave, ispitan je disorazol E1 glede mutageneze u fluktuacijskom testu na mutantne sojeve TA98 i TA100 bakterije Salmonella typhimurium pri 3 koncentracije (2,5; 5 i 10 μM). Ispitivanja mutageneze su zatim dodatno izvršena u nazočnosti enzima E9 jetre štakora.
Rezultati su sabrani u Tablici 5 dolje:
[image]
Tablica 5: Ispitivanje disorazola E1 na mutagenezu
Disorazol ne pokazuje nikakve učinke pod testnim uvjetima koji su opisani za gore spomenute koncentracije, prema tome je neaktivan u AMES testu.
Primjer 13 Utjecaj na biosintezu proteina i neproliferativne stanice
U svrhu procjene potencijala mogućih nuspojava, ispitan je utjecaj disorazola E1 na neproliferativne stanice i na biosintezu proteina (Tablica 6).
[image]
1) Testirano s alamarBlue, humani primarni hepatociti, n = 3;
Testirano putem uključivanja 14C-metionina, stanice humanog hepatocelularnog karcinoma (HepG2), n= 2;
Tablica 6: Utjecaj disorazola E1 na neproliferativne stanice i na biosintezu proteina
Rezultati iz Tablice 6 pokazuju kako disorazol E1 ne utječe negativno na biosintezu proteina niti na preživljavanje neproliferativnih stanica.
Claims (12)
1. Lijek koji sadrži najmanje jedan derivat disorazola opće formule I
[image]
Formula I
naznačen time, da neovisno jedan o drugom
R1 predstavlja:
i) vodik
ii) OR4
iii) dio dvostruke veze na C5’
R2, R3 i R4 predstavljaju:
i) vodik
ii) nesupstituirani ili supstituirani (C1-C6)-alkil,
iii) (C1-C4)-alkil supstituiran s jednim ili više atoma fluora, poželjno s trifluormetilnom skupinom,
iv) nesupstituirani ili supstituirani (C1-C4)-alkil-(C6-C14)-aril, nesupstituirani ili supstituirani (C1-C4)-alkilheteroaril,
v) (C1-C4)-alkoksikarbonil, (C1-C4)-alkilaminokarbonil, (C1-C4)-alkilamino-tiokarbonil, (C1-C6)-alkilkarbonil ili (C1-C6)-alkoksikarbonil-(C1-C6)-alkil,
uz moguću jednostruku supstituciju alkilnog radikala s F, Cl, Br, I, CN, NH2, NH-(C1-C20)-alkil, NH-(C3-C12)-cikloalkil, OH, O-(C1-C20)-alkil
ili, na istovjetnim ili različitim atomima, višestruku supstituciju istovjetnim ili različitim supstituentima, a isto tako je moguća jednostruka supstitucija arilnog radikala s F, Cl, Br, I, CN, NH2, NH-(C1-C20)-alkil, OH, O-(C1-C20)-alkil i/ili (C3-C8)-heterociklil s 1 do 5 atoma, poželjno je dušik, kisik, sumpor ili, na istovjetnim ili različitim atomima, višestruka supstitucija istovjetnim ili različitim supstituentima,
a
X, Y predstavljaju: u svakom slučaju pojedinačno i neovisno jedan o drugom ili
zajedno kisik, sumpor, dvije vicinalne hidroksilne skupine, dvije vicinalne metoksi skupine, dio dvostruke veze,
isključen je spoj kod kojeg je R1 metoksi, R2, R3 su vodik, X je kisik, a Y je dio dvostruke veze,
njegovi tautomeri, E/Z izomeri, stereoizomeri, uključujući dijastereomere i enantiomere, te fiziološki podnošljive soli istih.
2. Lijek prema patentnom zahtjevu 1, naznačen time, da sadrži derivat disorazola i farmaceutski uporabljive nosače i/ili razrjeđivače i ekscipijense u primjenjivom obliku otopina, suspenzija, emulzija, pjena, masti, pasti, naljepaka ili usadaka.
3. Uporaba derivata disorazola opće formule I
[image]
Formula 1
pri čemu neovisno jedan o drugom
R1 predstavlja:
i) vodik
ii) OR4
iii) dio dvostruke veze na C5’
R2, R3 i R4 predstavljaju:
i) vodik
ii) nesupstituirani ili supstituirani (C1-C6)-alkil,
iii) (C1-C4)-alkil supstituiran s jednim ili više atoma fluora, poželjno s trifluormetilnom skupinom,
iv) nesupstituirani ili supstituirani (C1-C4)-alkil-(C6-C14)-aril, nesupstituirani ili supstituirani (C1-C4)-alkilheteroaril,
v) (C1-C4)-alkoksikarbonil, (C1-C4)-alkilaminokarbonil, (C1-C4)-alkilamino-tiokarbonil, (C1-C6)-alkilkarbonil ili (C1-C6)-alkoksikarbonil-(C1-C6)-alkil,
uz moguću jednostruku supstituciju alkilnog radikala s F, Cl, Br, I, CN, NH2, NH-(C1-C20)-alkil, NH-(C3-C12)-cikloalkil, OH, O-(C1-C20)-alkil ili, na istovjetnim ili različitim atomima, višestruku supstituciju istovjetnim ili različitim supstituentima, a isto tako je moguća jednostruka supstitucija arilnog radikala s F, Cl, Br, I, CN, NH2, NH-(C1-C20)-alkil, OH, O-(C1-C20)-alkil i/ili (C3-C8)-heterociklil s 1 do 5 atoma, poželjno je dušik, kisik, sumpor ili, na istovjetnim ili različitim atomima, višestruka supstitucija istovjetnim ili različitim supstituentima,
a
X, Y predstavljaju: u svakom slučaju pojedinačno i neovisno jedan o drugom ili
zajedno kisik, sumpor, dvije vicinalne hidroksilne skupine, dvije vicinalne metoksi skupine, dio dvostruke veze,
isključen je spoj kod kojeg je R1 metoksi, R2, R3 su vodik, X je kisik, a Y je dio dvostruke veze,
njegovi tautomeri, E/Z izomeri, stereoizomeri, uključujući dijastereomere i enantiomere, te fiziološki podnošljive soli istih, naznačena time, da su za proizvodnju lijeka namijenjenog liječenju benignih ili malignih onkoza kod ljudi ili životinja.
4. Uporaba derivata disorazola opće formule I prema patentnom zahtjevu 3 za liječenje onkoza, naznačena time, da se isti koriste sami ili u kombinaciji s citotoksičnim tvarima i/ili inhibitorima transdukcije signala.
5. Uporaba derivata disorazola opće formule I, naznačena time, da su namijenjeni proizvodnji lijeka za liječenje bolesti ljudi ili životinja koja se temelji na brzoj i nekontroliranoj proliferaciji endogenih stanica.
6. Uporaba derivata disorazola opće formule I, naznačena time, da su namijenjeni proizvodnji lijeka za liječenje bolesti koje reagiraju na imunomodulatorno djelovanje, poput psorijaze, arterioskleroze, artritisa, keratoze, multipla skleroze i karcinoma.
7. Uporaba derivata disorazola opće formule I, naznačena time, da su namijenjeni proizvodnji lijeka za liječenje infektivnih bolesti, poput kaheksije, malarije, AIDS-a i groznice i boli koje su izazvane infekcijom.
8. Uporaba derivata disorazola opće formule I, naznačena time, da su namijenjeni proizvodnji lijeka za liječenje upalnih i alergijskih oboljenja, eozinofilnih upala ili proliferativnih oboljenja, poput bolesti dišnih putova, bronhalne astme, alergijskog rinitisa, alergijskog konjunktivitisa, ekcema ili Chronove bolesti.
9. Uporaba derivata disorazola E1 opće formule I, kod koje R1 i R2 predstavljaju vodik, R3 predstavlja metil, a X i Y predstavljaju kisik, prema patentnom zahtjevu 3, naznačena time, da je namijenjen proizvodnji lijeka za liječenje benignih ili malignih onkoza u ljudi ili životinja.
10. Uporaba derivata disorazola opće formule I, prema patentom zahtjevu 9, naznačena time, da je namijenjen proizvodnji lijeka za liječenje karcinoma dojke, karcinoma jajnika, karcinoma pluća, karcinoma kože, karcinoma prostate, karcinoma bubrega, karcinoma jetre, karcinoma gušterače, karcinoma kolona i različitih karcinoma mozga u ljudi.
11. Uporaba derivata disorazola opće formule I, prema patentnim zahtjevima 9 i 10, naznačena time, da su namijenjeni proizvodnji lijeka za liječenje benignih ili malignih onkoza u ljudi ili životinja u kombinaciji s drugim protutumorskim sredstvima.
12. Uporaba derivata disorazola opće formule I, prema patentnim zahtjevima 9 do 11, naznačena time, da su namijenjeni proizvodnji lijeka za liječenje benignih ili malignih onkoza u ljudi ili životinja u kombinaciji s paklitakselom, docetaksleom, vinkristinom, vindesinom, cisplatinom, karboplatinom, doksorubicinom, ifosfamidom, ciklofosfamidom, 5-FU, metotreksatom ili u kombinaciji s imunomodulatorima ili antitijelima, a posebice u kombinaciji s inhibitorima transdukcije signala, poput Herceptina, Gliveca, Iressa-e i drugih.
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CA2438001A1 (en) | 2004-02-24 |
UA79480C2 (en) | 2007-06-25 |
EP1536789A1 (de) | 2005-06-08 |
TW200404537A (en) | 2004-04-01 |
RU2322236C2 (ru) | 2008-04-20 |
NZ538926A (en) | 2006-03-31 |
AR042617A1 (es) | 2005-06-29 |
IL166588A0 (en) | 2006-01-15 |
CN1678310A (zh) | 2005-10-05 |
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US20040106662A1 (en) | 2004-06-03 |
AU2003296872B2 (en) | 2008-02-14 |
WO2004024149A1 (de) | 2004-03-25 |
AU2003296872A1 (en) | 2004-04-30 |
JP2006500398A (ja) | 2006-01-05 |
US20090311264A1 (en) | 2009-12-17 |
BR0313789A (pt) | 2005-07-05 |
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