HK14093A - Method for the economical melting of glass and a glass-melting furnace used therefor - Google Patents
Method for the economical melting of glass and a glass-melting furnace used thereforInfo
- Publication number
- HK14093A HK14093A HK140/93A HK14093A HK14093A HK 14093 A HK14093 A HK 14093A HK 140/93 A HK140/93 A HK 140/93A HK 14093 A HK14093 A HK 14093A HK 14093 A HK14093 A HK 14093A
- Authority
- HK
- Hong Kong
- Prior art keywords
- section
- melting
- glass
- burners
- clarifying
- Prior art date
Links
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03B—MANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
- C03B5/00—Melting in furnaces; Furnaces so far as specially adapted for glass manufacture
- C03B5/16—Special features of the melting process; Auxiliary means specially adapted for glass-melting furnaces
- C03B5/235—Heating the glass
- C03B5/237—Regenerators or recuperators specially adapted for glass-melting furnaces
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03B—MANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
- C03B3/00—Charging the melting furnaces
- C03B3/02—Charging the melting furnaces combined with preheating, premelting or pretreating the glass-making ingredients, pellets or cullet
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03B—MANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
- C03B3/00—Charging the melting furnaces
- C03B3/02—Charging the melting furnaces combined with preheating, premelting or pretreating the glass-making ingredients, pellets or cullet
- C03B3/023—Preheating
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03B—MANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
- C03B5/00—Melting in furnaces; Furnaces so far as specially adapted for glass manufacture
- C03B5/02—Melting in furnaces; Furnaces so far as specially adapted for glass manufacture in electric furnaces, e.g. by dielectric heating
- C03B5/027—Melting in furnaces; Furnaces so far as specially adapted for glass manufacture in electric furnaces, e.g. by dielectric heating by passing an electric current between electrodes immersed in the glass bath, i.e. by direct resistance heating
- C03B5/03—Tank furnaces
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03B—MANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
- C03B5/00—Melting in furnaces; Furnaces so far as specially adapted for glass manufacture
- C03B5/02—Melting in furnaces; Furnaces so far as specially adapted for glass manufacture in electric furnaces, e.g. by dielectric heating
- C03B5/027—Melting in furnaces; Furnaces so far as specially adapted for glass manufacture in electric furnaces, e.g. by dielectric heating by passing an electric current between electrodes immersed in the glass bath, i.e. by direct resistance heating
- C03B5/03—Tank furnaces
- C03B5/031—Cold top tank furnaces
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03B—MANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
- C03B5/00—Melting in furnaces; Furnaces so far as specially adapted for glass manufacture
- C03B5/04—Melting in furnaces; Furnaces so far as specially adapted for glass manufacture in tank furnaces
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03B—MANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
- C03B5/00—Melting in furnaces; Furnaces so far as specially adapted for glass manufacture
- C03B5/16—Special features of the melting process; Auxiliary means specially adapted for glass-melting furnaces
- C03B5/18—Stirring devices; Homogenisation
- C03B5/182—Stirring devices; Homogenisation by moving the molten glass along fixed elements, e.g. deflectors, weirs, baffle plates
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03B—MANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
- C03B5/00—Melting in furnaces; Furnaces so far as specially adapted for glass manufacture
- C03B5/16—Special features of the melting process; Auxiliary means specially adapted for glass-melting furnaces
- C03B5/18—Stirring devices; Homogenisation
- C03B5/193—Stirring devices; Homogenisation using gas, e.g. bubblers
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03B—MANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
- C03B5/00—Melting in furnaces; Furnaces so far as specially adapted for glass manufacture
- C03B5/16—Special features of the melting process; Auxiliary means specially adapted for glass-melting furnaces
- C03B5/20—Bridges, shoes, throats, or other devices for withholding dirt, foam, or batch
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03B—MANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
- C03B5/00—Melting in furnaces; Furnaces so far as specially adapted for glass manufacture
- C03B5/16—Special features of the melting process; Auxiliary means specially adapted for glass-melting furnaces
- C03B5/225—Refining
- C03B5/2257—Refining by thin-layer fining
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P40/00—Technologies relating to the processing of minerals
- Y02P40/50—Glass production, e.g. reusing waste heat during processing or shaping
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- Glass Melting And Manufacturing (AREA)
- Furnace Details (AREA)
- Glass Compositions (AREA)
- Nitrogen And Oxygen Or Sulfur-Condensed Heterocyclic Ring Systems (AREA)
- Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
- Measuring Temperature Or Quantity Of Heat (AREA)
- Laminated Bodies (AREA)
- Thermally Actuated Switches (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE19873718276 DE3718276A1 (de) | 1987-05-30 | 1987-05-30 | Glasschmelzofen |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
HK14093A true HK14093A (en) | 1993-02-26 |
Family
ID=6328775
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
HK140/93A HK14093A (en) | 1987-05-30 | 1993-02-18 | Method for the economical melting of glass and a glass-melting furnace used therefor |
Country Status (28)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US4882736A (es) |
EP (2) | EP0293545B1 (es) |
JP (2) | JPS63310734A (es) |
KR (1) | KR920003221B1 (es) |
CN (1) | CN1021039C (es) |
AT (2) | ATE75706T1 (es) |
AU (1) | AU603194B2 (es) |
BG (1) | BG49381A3 (es) |
CA (1) | CA1335535C (es) |
CZ (1) | CZ278070B6 (es) |
DD (1) | DD272290A5 (es) |
DE (3) | DE3718276A1 (es) |
ES (2) | ES2032876T3 (es) |
FI (1) | FI86985C (es) |
HK (1) | HK14093A (es) |
HU (1) | HU208412B (es) |
IN (1) | IN171025B (es) |
LT (2) | LT3654B (es) |
LV (2) | LV11169B (es) |
MY (1) | MY102814A (es) |
PL (1) | PL153827B1 (es) |
PT (1) | PT87600B (es) |
RU (2) | RU1836303C (es) |
SG (1) | SG101492G (es) |
SK (1) | SK277753B6 (es) |
TR (1) | TR25215A (es) |
UA (1) | UA11070A (es) |
ZA (1) | ZA882900B (es) |
Families Citing this family (89)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE3903016A1 (de) * | 1989-02-02 | 1990-08-09 | Sorg Gmbh & Co Kg | Diskontinuierlicher glasschmelzofen |
GB8822093D0 (en) * | 1988-09-20 | 1988-10-19 | Toledo Eng Co Inc | Improvements relating to melting of glass |
DE3836763A1 (de) * | 1988-10-28 | 1990-05-03 | Sorg Gmbh & Co Kg | Verfahren zur verringerung des stickoxidgehaltes im abgas von glasschmelzoefen |
US4906272A (en) * | 1989-04-17 | 1990-03-06 | Corning Incorporated | Furnace for fining molten glass |
US5194081A (en) * | 1989-06-13 | 1993-03-16 | Pilkington Plc | Glass melting process |
GB8913539D0 (en) * | 1989-06-13 | 1989-08-02 | Pilkington Plc | Glass melting |
US5370723A (en) * | 1989-06-13 | 1994-12-06 | Pilkington Plc | Glass melting furnace with control of the glass flow in the riser |
NL8902935A (nl) * | 1989-11-28 | 1991-06-17 | Leonardus Mathijs Marie Nevels | Werkwijze voor het verwerken van asresten alsmede daarbij te gebruiken verglazingsoven. |
US5057133A (en) * | 1990-07-02 | 1991-10-15 | Air Products And Chemicals, Inc. | Thermally efficient melting and fuel reforming for glass making |
DE4225257B4 (de) * | 1992-07-28 | 2006-03-16 | Software & Technologie Glas Gmbh (Stg) | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum stickoxidmindernden Betrieb von Industrieöfen |
DE4327237C1 (de) * | 1993-08-13 | 1994-08-25 | Sorg Gmbh & Co Kg | Verfahren zum Schmelzen von Glas in einem Wannenofen und Wannenofen hierfür |
EP0643019B1 (en) * | 1993-09-09 | 1998-11-25 | Praxair Technology, Inc. | Method for processing niter-containing glassmaking materials |
FR2711077B1 (fr) * | 1993-10-11 | 1996-01-05 | Delot Int Fours | Procédé de vitrification de déchets, et four de vitrification. |
FR2711981B1 (fr) * | 1993-11-02 | 1996-01-05 | Saint Gobain Vitrage | Dispositif pour la fusion du verre. |
FR2720737A1 (fr) * | 1994-06-06 | 1995-12-08 | Stein Heurtey | Perfectionnements apportés aux fours de verrerie. |
CH688325A5 (de) * | 1994-11-25 | 1997-07-31 | Holderbank Financ Glarus | Verfahren zur Aufbereitung von festen Rueckstaenden aus Muellverbrennungsanlagen und Vorrichtung zur Drchfuehrung des Verfahrens. |
DE4446575C2 (de) * | 1994-12-25 | 1996-11-28 | Sorg Gmbh & Co Kg | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Abtrennen von Galle bei Schmelzprozessen von Glas |
DE4446576C1 (de) * | 1994-12-25 | 1996-04-25 | Sorg Gmbh & Co Kg | Wannen-Schmelzofen zum Inertisieren von Schadstoffen durch Verglasen |
DE19524215C2 (de) * | 1995-07-03 | 2003-04-17 | Alstom | Schmelzofen zur thermischen Behandlung von schwermetallhaltigen und/oder dioxinhaltigen Sonderabfällen |
US5807418A (en) † | 1996-05-21 | 1998-09-15 | Praxair Technology, Inc. | Energy recovery in oxygen-fired glass melting furnaces |
DE19710351C1 (de) * | 1997-03-13 | 1998-05-20 | Sorg Gmbh & Co Kg | Verfahren und Glasschmelzofen zum Herstellen von hochschmelzenden Gläsern mit verdampfbaren Komponenten |
US6085551A (en) * | 1997-03-14 | 2000-07-11 | Beteiligungen Sorg Gmbh & Co. Kg | Method and apparatus for manufacturing high melting point glasses with volatile components |
FR2774085B3 (fr) * | 1998-01-26 | 2000-02-25 | Saint Gobain Vitrage | Procede de fusion et d'affinage de matieres vitrifiables |
DE19815326C2 (de) * | 1998-04-06 | 2001-05-03 | Sorg Gmbh & Co Kg | Glasschmelzofen mit Brennern für fossile Brennstoffe und mit inneren Strahlungsschutzwänden |
DE19924521C2 (de) | 1999-05-28 | 2003-04-30 | Schott Glas | Verfahren zum Schmelzen von Glas |
GB2352024A (en) * | 1999-07-15 | 2001-01-17 | Glaverbel | Glass making furnace |
FR2832704B1 (fr) * | 2001-11-27 | 2004-02-20 | Saint Gobain Isover | Dispositif et procede de fusion de matieres vitrifiables |
US20050186526A1 (en) * | 2002-11-01 | 2005-08-25 | Bas Medical, Inc. | Methods and systems for enabling and stabilizing tooth movement |
CN100372789C (zh) * | 2006-04-13 | 2008-03-05 | 同济大学 | 日池式y型全电熔玻璃窑 |
DE102007008299B4 (de) * | 2006-08-12 | 2012-06-14 | Schott Ag | Verfahren zur Herstellung von Gläsern, wobei die chemische Reduktion von Bestandteilen vermieden wird |
KR20090089349A (ko) * | 2006-11-30 | 2009-08-21 | 아사히 가라스 가부시키가이샤 | 글래스 용융 장치 |
US8113018B2 (en) * | 2006-12-14 | 2012-02-14 | Ocv Intellectual Capital, Llc | Apparatuses for controlling the temperature of glass forming materials in forehearths |
DE102007027044B3 (de) * | 2007-06-12 | 2008-09-04 | Beteiligungen Sorg Gmbh & Co. Kg | Glasschmelzofen und Verfahren für das Erschmelzen von Gläsern |
WO2009005067A1 (ja) * | 2007-07-02 | 2009-01-08 | Asahi Glass Co., Ltd. | ガラス溶解窯及びガラス製品の製造方法 |
US8925353B2 (en) * | 2007-11-08 | 2015-01-06 | Corning Incorporated | Process and system for fining glass |
JP5454810B2 (ja) * | 2008-03-25 | 2014-03-26 | エージーシー グラス ユーロップ | ガラス溶融炉 |
JP5265975B2 (ja) * | 2008-06-30 | 2013-08-14 | 株式会社オハラ | ガラス成形体の製造方法及び製造装置 |
US20100081103A1 (en) * | 2008-09-26 | 2010-04-01 | Hisashi Kobayashi | Furnace with multiple heat recovery systems |
US8973405B2 (en) | 2010-06-17 | 2015-03-10 | Johns Manville | Apparatus, systems and methods for reducing foaming downstream of a submerged combustion melter producing molten glass |
US8707739B2 (en) * | 2012-06-11 | 2014-04-29 | Johns Manville | Apparatus, systems and methods for conditioning molten glass |
US9032760B2 (en) | 2012-07-03 | 2015-05-19 | Johns Manville | Process of using a submerged combustion melter to produce hollow glass fiber or solid glass fiber having entrained bubbles, and burners and systems to make such fibers |
US8973400B2 (en) | 2010-06-17 | 2015-03-10 | Johns Manville | Methods of using a submerged combustion melter to produce glass products |
US8997525B2 (en) | 2010-06-17 | 2015-04-07 | Johns Manville | Systems and methods for making foamed glass using submerged combustion |
US8707740B2 (en) | 2011-10-07 | 2014-04-29 | Johns Manville | Submerged combustion glass manufacturing systems and methods |
US8769992B2 (en) | 2010-06-17 | 2014-07-08 | Johns Manville | Panel-cooled submerged combustion melter geometry and methods of making molten glass |
US9021838B2 (en) | 2010-06-17 | 2015-05-05 | Johns Manville | Systems and methods for glass manufacturing |
US8650914B2 (en) | 2010-09-23 | 2014-02-18 | Johns Manville | Methods and apparatus for recycling glass products using submerged combustion |
US10322960B2 (en) | 2010-06-17 | 2019-06-18 | Johns Manville | Controlling foam in apparatus downstream of a melter by adjustment of alkali oxide content in the melter |
US8991215B2 (en) | 2010-06-17 | 2015-03-31 | Johns Manville | Methods and systems for controlling bubble size and bubble decay rate in foamed glass produced by a submerged combustion melter |
US8875544B2 (en) | 2011-10-07 | 2014-11-04 | Johns Manville | Burner apparatus, submerged combustion melters including the burner, and methods of use |
US9776903B2 (en) * | 2010-06-17 | 2017-10-03 | Johns Manville | Apparatus, systems and methods for processing molten glass |
US9096452B2 (en) | 2010-06-17 | 2015-08-04 | Johns Manville | Methods and systems for destabilizing foam in equipment downstream of a submerged combustion melter |
CN102372415B (zh) * | 2011-08-11 | 2013-07-10 | 华尔润玻璃产业股份有限公司 | 一种玻璃混合料的传输装置 |
CN102503078A (zh) * | 2011-11-01 | 2012-06-20 | 河南国控宇飞电子玻璃有限公司 | 两槽式玻璃池炉 |
US9533905B2 (en) | 2012-10-03 | 2017-01-03 | Johns Manville | Submerged combustion melters having an extended treatment zone and methods of producing molten glass |
EP2903941A4 (en) | 2012-10-03 | 2016-06-08 | Johns Manville | METHOD AND SYSTEMS FOR DESTABILIZING FOAM IN A DEVICE HAVING BEEN SWITCHED DOWN UNDERWATER COMBUSTION FURNACE |
CN102875010A (zh) * | 2012-10-31 | 2013-01-16 | 中国建材国际工程集团有限公司 | 一种有关生产超薄玻璃的浮法玻璃熔窑 |
US9227865B2 (en) | 2012-11-29 | 2016-01-05 | Johns Manville | Methods and systems for making well-fined glass using submerged combustion |
WO2014189504A1 (en) | 2013-05-22 | 2014-11-27 | Johns Manville | Submerged combustion burners |
US11142476B2 (en) | 2013-05-22 | 2021-10-12 | Johns Manville | Burner for submerged combustion melting |
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US9777922B2 (en) | 2013-05-22 | 2017-10-03 | Johns Mansville | Submerged combustion burners and melters, and methods of use |
US9731990B2 (en) | 2013-05-30 | 2017-08-15 | Johns Manville | Submerged combustion glass melting systems and methods of use |
EP3003997B1 (en) | 2013-05-30 | 2021-04-28 | Johns Manville | Submerged combustion burners with mixing improving means for glass melters, and use |
US10858278B2 (en) | 2013-07-18 | 2020-12-08 | Johns Manville | Combustion burner |
US9751792B2 (en) | 2015-08-12 | 2017-09-05 | Johns Manville | Post-manufacturing processes for submerged combustion burner |
CN105217932B (zh) * | 2015-08-24 | 2017-08-25 | 王立臣 | 一种平板玻璃熔窑的多氧斜焰燃烧方法及燃烧装置 |
US10041666B2 (en) | 2015-08-27 | 2018-08-07 | Johns Manville | Burner panels including dry-tip burners, submerged combustion melters, and methods |
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US9815726B2 (en) | 2015-09-03 | 2017-11-14 | Johns Manville | Apparatus, systems, and methods for pre-heating feedstock to a melter using melter exhaust |
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US9982884B2 (en) | 2015-09-15 | 2018-05-29 | Johns Manville | Methods of melting feedstock using a submerged combustion melter |
US10837705B2 (en) | 2015-09-16 | 2020-11-17 | Johns Manville | Change-out system for submerged combustion melting burner |
US10081563B2 (en) | 2015-09-23 | 2018-09-25 | Johns Manville | Systems and methods for mechanically binding loose scrap |
US10144666B2 (en) | 2015-10-20 | 2018-12-04 | Johns Manville | Processing organics and inorganics in a submerged combustion melter |
US10246362B2 (en) | 2016-06-22 | 2019-04-02 | Johns Manville | Effective discharge of exhaust from submerged combustion melters and methods |
US10337732B2 (en) | 2016-08-25 | 2019-07-02 | Johns Manville | Consumable tip burners, submerged combustion melters including same, and methods |
US10301208B2 (en) | 2016-08-25 | 2019-05-28 | Johns Manville | Continuous flow submerged combustion melter cooling wall panels, submerged combustion melters, and methods of using same |
US10196294B2 (en) | 2016-09-07 | 2019-02-05 | Johns Manville | Submerged combustion melters, wall structures or panels of same, and methods of using same |
US10233105B2 (en) | 2016-10-14 | 2019-03-19 | Johns Manville | Submerged combustion melters and methods of feeding particulate material into such melters |
CN109896725A (zh) * | 2019-04-23 | 2019-06-18 | 蚌埠中光电科技有限公司 | 一种玻璃液澄清装置 |
GB201906745D0 (en) | 2019-05-13 | 2019-06-26 | Fives Stein Ltd | Hybrid horizontal glass melting furnace with high flexibility in energy input |
EP3760595A1 (en) * | 2019-07-04 | 2021-01-06 | International Partners in Glass Research (IPGR) e.V. | Glass melting furnace |
US11912608B2 (en) | 2019-10-01 | 2024-02-27 | Owens-Brockway Glass Container Inc. | Glass manufacturing |
CN110922028B (zh) * | 2019-10-18 | 2020-10-23 | 中材科技股份有限公司 | 一种用于生产玻璃、玄武岩纤维或岩棉的窑炉装置 |
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CN114014523A (zh) * | 2021-11-17 | 2022-02-08 | 湖北三峡新型建材股份有限公司 | 一种浮法玻璃熔窑及其零号炉的燃烧控制系统、方法 |
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IT1138425B (it) | 1981-06-16 | 1986-09-17 | Stigler Otis S P A | Complesso elettro-fluidodinamico per l'azionamento di una cabina di un impianto ascensore |
US4549895A (en) | 1981-09-03 | 1985-10-29 | Hoya Corporation | Method and apparatus for melting glass |
EP0086859A1 (de) * | 1982-02-24 | 1983-08-31 | Sorg GmbH & Co. KG | Verfahren zum Schmelzen von Glas und Glasschmelzofen zur Durchführung dieses Verfahrens |
EP0086858A1 (de) * | 1982-02-24 | 1983-08-31 | Sorg GmbH & Co. KG | Verfahren zum Schmelzen von Glas mit Hilfe von elektrischer Energie und Ofen zur Durchführung dieses Verfahrens |
DE3330183A1 (de) | 1983-08-20 | 1985-03-07 | Philips Patentverwaltung Gmbh, 2000 Hamburg | Glasschmelzwanne |
GB8402297D0 (en) * | 1984-01-28 | 1984-02-29 | Asahi Glass Co Ltd | Glass |
GB8402298D0 (en) * | 1984-01-28 | 1984-02-29 | Asahi Glass Co Ltd | Glass |
GB8430312D0 (en) * | 1984-11-30 | 1985-01-09 | Pilkington Brothers Plc | Glass melting tanks |
ATE53564T1 (de) * | 1986-01-23 | 1990-06-15 | Sorg Gmbh & Co Kg | Glasschmelzofen mit verbessertem wirkungsgrad. |
SU1395590A1 (ru) | 1986-06-27 | 1988-05-15 | Государственный научно-исследовательский институт стекла | Стекловаренна ванна печь |
-
1987
- 1987-05-30 DE DE19873718276 patent/DE3718276A1/de active Granted
-
1988
- 1988-02-01 ES ES198888101382T patent/ES2032876T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1988-02-01 AT AT89100638T patent/ATE75706T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1988-02-01 ES ES198989100638T patent/ES2031286T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1988-02-01 DE DE89100638T patent/DE3870817D1/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1988-02-01 AT AT88101382T patent/ATE77354T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1988-02-01 EP EP88101382A patent/EP0293545B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1988-02-01 EP EP89100638A patent/EP0317551B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1988-02-01 DE DE88101382T patent/DE3872056D1/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1988-03-14 RU SU884355316A patent/RU1836303C/ru active
- 1988-03-14 UA UA4355316A patent/UA11070A/uk unknown
- 1988-03-17 AU AU13395/88A patent/AU603194B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1988-03-18 MY MYPI88000273A patent/MY102814A/en unknown
- 1988-03-18 SK SK1801-88A patent/SK277753B6/sk unknown
- 1988-03-18 CZ CS881801A patent/CZ278070B6/cs not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1988-03-24 IN IN191/MAS/88A patent/IN171025B/en unknown
- 1988-04-13 PL PL1988271802A patent/PL153827B1/pl unknown
- 1988-04-25 ZA ZA882900A patent/ZA882900B/xx unknown
- 1988-04-29 KR KR1019880004901A patent/KR920003221B1/ko not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1988-05-18 US US07/195,514 patent/US4882736A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1988-05-26 BG BG084284A patent/BG49381A3/xx unknown
- 1988-05-27 DD DD88316147A patent/DD272290A5/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1988-05-27 HU HU882713A patent/HU208412B/hu not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1988-05-27 PT PT87600A patent/PT87600B/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1988-05-27 CN CN88103288A patent/CN1021039C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1988-05-30 JP JP63132538A patent/JPS63310734A/ja active Granted
- 1988-05-30 CA CA000568092A patent/CA1335535C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1988-05-30 FI FI882530A patent/FI86985C/fi not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1988-05-30 TR TR88/0378A patent/TR25215A/xx unknown
-
1989
- 1989-12-06 RU SU894742522A patent/RU2013383C1/ru active
-
1990
- 1990-11-29 JP JP2336944A patent/JPH03183624A/ja active Granted
-
1992
- 1992-10-06 SG SG1014/92A patent/SG101492G/en unknown
-
1993
- 1993-02-18 HK HK140/93A patent/HK14093A/xx not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1993-11-12 LT LTIP1465A patent/LT3654B/lt not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1993-12-21 LV LVP-93-1355A patent/LV11169B/lv unknown
- 1993-12-21 LV LVP-93-1360A patent/LV11168B/lv unknown
-
1994
- 1994-01-31 LT LTIP1833A patent/LT3759B/lt not_active IP Right Cessation
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