HK1105368A1 - Non-fibrous transdermal therapeutic system and method for its production - Google Patents

Non-fibrous transdermal therapeutic system and method for its production

Info

Publication number
HK1105368A1
HK1105368A1 HK07113641A HK07113641A HK1105368A1 HK 1105368 A1 HK1105368 A1 HK 1105368A1 HK 07113641 A HK07113641 A HK 07113641A HK 07113641 A HK07113641 A HK 07113641A HK 1105368 A1 HK1105368 A1 HK 1105368A1
Authority
HK
Hong Kong
Prior art keywords
transdermal therapeutic
fibrous
therapeutic system
production
methods
Prior art date
Application number
HK07113641A
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Reinhold Meconi
Klaus Schumann
Original Assignee
Lohmann Therapie Syst Lts
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Family has litigation
First worldwide family litigation filed litigation Critical https://patents.darts-ip.com/?family=36538846&utm_source=google_patent&utm_medium=platform_link&utm_campaign=public_patent_search&patent=HK1105368(A1) "Global patent litigation dataset” by Darts-ip is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Application filed by Lohmann Therapie Syst Lts filed Critical Lohmann Therapie Syst Lts
Publication of HK1105368A1 publication Critical patent/HK1105368A1/xx

Links

Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
    • A61K9/70—Web, sheet or filament bases ; Films; Fibres of the matrix type containing drug
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
    • A61K9/70—Web, sheet or filament bases ; Films; Fibres of the matrix type containing drug
    • A61K9/7023—Transdermal patches and similar drug-containing composite devices, e.g. cataplasms
    • A61K9/703—Transdermal patches and similar drug-containing composite devices, e.g. cataplasms characterised by shape or structure; Details concerning release liner or backing; Refillable patches; User-activated patches
    • A61K9/7038—Transdermal patches of the drug-in-adhesive type, i.e. comprising drug in the skin-adhesive layer
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K47/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient
    • A61K47/30—Macromolecular organic or inorganic compounds, e.g. inorganic polyphosphates
    • A61K47/32—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds, e.g. carbomers, poly(meth)acrylates, or polyvinyl pyrrolidone
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K47/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient
    • A61K47/30—Macromolecular organic or inorganic compounds, e.g. inorganic polyphosphates
    • A61K47/34—Macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds, e.g. polyesters, polyamino acids, polysiloxanes, polyphosphazines, copolymers of polyalkylene glycol or poloxamers
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
    • A61K9/70—Web, sheet or filament bases ; Films; Fibres of the matrix type containing drug
    • A61K9/7023—Transdermal patches and similar drug-containing composite devices, e.g. cataplasms
    • A61K9/703—Transdermal patches and similar drug-containing composite devices, e.g. cataplasms characterised by shape or structure; Details concerning release liner or backing; Refillable patches; User-activated patches
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
    • A61K9/70—Web, sheet or filament bases ; Films; Fibres of the matrix type containing drug
    • A61K9/7023—Transdermal patches and similar drug-containing composite devices, e.g. cataplasms
    • A61K9/703—Transdermal patches and similar drug-containing composite devices, e.g. cataplasms characterised by shape or structure; Details concerning release liner or backing; Refillable patches; User-activated patches
    • A61K9/7038—Transdermal patches of the drug-in-adhesive type, i.e. comprising drug in the skin-adhesive layer
    • A61K9/7046—Transdermal patches of the drug-in-adhesive type, i.e. comprising drug in the skin-adhesive layer the adhesive comprising macromolecular compounds
    • A61K9/7053—Transdermal patches of the drug-in-adhesive type, i.e. comprising drug in the skin-adhesive layer the adhesive comprising macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon to carbon unsaturated bonds, e.g. polyvinyl, polyisobutylene, polystyrene
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
    • A61K9/70—Web, sheet or filament bases ; Films; Fibres of the matrix type containing drug
    • A61K9/7023—Transdermal patches and similar drug-containing composite devices, e.g. cataplasms
    • A61K9/703—Transdermal patches and similar drug-containing composite devices, e.g. cataplasms characterised by shape or structure; Details concerning release liner or backing; Refillable patches; User-activated patches
    • A61K9/7038—Transdermal patches of the drug-in-adhesive type, i.e. comprising drug in the skin-adhesive layer
    • A61K9/7046—Transdermal patches of the drug-in-adhesive type, i.e. comprising drug in the skin-adhesive layer the adhesive comprising macromolecular compounds
    • A61K9/7053—Transdermal patches of the drug-in-adhesive type, i.e. comprising drug in the skin-adhesive layer the adhesive comprising macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon to carbon unsaturated bonds, e.g. polyvinyl, polyisobutylene, polystyrene
    • A61K9/7061—Polyacrylates
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
    • A61K9/70—Web, sheet or filament bases ; Films; Fibres of the matrix type containing drug
    • A61K9/7023—Transdermal patches and similar drug-containing composite devices, e.g. cataplasms
    • A61K9/703—Transdermal patches and similar drug-containing composite devices, e.g. cataplasms characterised by shape or structure; Details concerning release liner or backing; Refillable patches; User-activated patches
    • A61K9/7084—Transdermal patches having a drug layer or reservoir, and one or more separate drug-free skin-adhesive layers, e.g. between drug reservoir and skin, or surrounding the drug reservoir; Liquid-filled reservoir patches
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
    • A61K31/185—Acids; Anhydrides, halides or salts thereof, e.g. sulfur acids, imidic, hydrazonic or hydroximic acids
    • A61K31/19—Carboxylic acids, e.g. valproic acid
    • A61K31/195—Carboxylic acids, e.g. valproic acid having an amino group
    • A61K31/196—Carboxylic acids, e.g. valproic acid having an amino group the amino group being directly attached to a ring, e.g. anthranilic acid, mefenamic acid, diclofenac, chlorambucil
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
    • A61K31/21—Esters, e.g. nitroglycerine, selenocyanates
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
    • A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
    • A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
    • A61K31/435—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with one nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom
    • A61K31/465—Nicotine; Derivatives thereof
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
    • A61K31/56—Compounds containing cyclopenta[a]hydrophenanthrene ring systems; Derivatives thereof, e.g. steroids
    • A61K31/565—Compounds containing cyclopenta[a]hydrophenanthrene ring systems; Derivatives thereof, e.g. steroids not substituted in position 17 beta by a carbon atom, e.g. estrane, estradiol
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
    • A61K9/70—Web, sheet or filament bases ; Films; Fibres of the matrix type containing drug
    • A61K9/7023—Transdermal patches and similar drug-containing composite devices, e.g. cataplasms
    • A61K9/703—Transdermal patches and similar drug-containing composite devices, e.g. cataplasms characterised by shape or structure; Details concerning release liner or backing; Refillable patches; User-activated patches
    • A61K9/7038—Transdermal patches of the drug-in-adhesive type, i.e. comprising drug in the skin-adhesive layer
    • A61K9/7046—Transdermal patches of the drug-in-adhesive type, i.e. comprising drug in the skin-adhesive layer the adhesive comprising macromolecular compounds

Landscapes

  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Bioinformatics & Cheminformatics (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Dermatology (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Pharmacology & Pharmacy (AREA)
  • Epidemiology (AREA)
  • Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
  • Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Proteomics, Peptides & Aminoacids (AREA)
  • Medicinal Preparation (AREA)
  • Pharmaceuticals Containing Other Organic And Inorganic Compounds (AREA)
  • Medicines That Contain Protein Lipid Enzymes And Other Medicines (AREA)
HK07113641A 2005-03-07 2007-12-13 Non-fibrous transdermal therapeutic system and method for its production HK1105368A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE200510010255 DE102005010255A1 (de) 2005-03-07 2005-03-07 Faserfreies transdermales therapeutisches System und Verfahren zu seiner Herstellung
PCT/EP2006/001840 WO2006094681A1 (de) 2005-03-07 2006-02-28 Faserfreies transdermales therapeutisches system und verfahren zu seiner herstellung

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
HK1105368A1 true HK1105368A1 (en) 2008-02-15

Family

ID=36538846

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
HK07113641A HK1105368A1 (en) 2005-03-07 2007-12-13 Non-fibrous transdermal therapeutic system and method for its production

Country Status (18)

Country Link
US (2) US11311495B2 (ja)
EP (1) EP1855660B2 (ja)
JP (1) JP5308149B2 (ja)
KR (1) KR20070110093A (ja)
CN (1) CN101137355B (ja)
AT (1) ATE517616T1 (ja)
AU (1) AU2006222242B2 (ja)
BR (1) BRPI0608067B1 (ja)
CA (1) CA2598353C (ja)
DE (1) DE102005010255A1 (ja)
ES (1) ES2368940T5 (ja)
HK (1) HK1105368A1 (ja)
IL (1) IL185686A (ja)
MX (1) MX2007010900A (ja)
NZ (1) NZ561219A (ja)
RU (1) RU2386435C2 (ja)
WO (1) WO2006094681A1 (ja)
ZA (1) ZA200706885B (ja)

Families Citing this family (20)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
IL177071A0 (en) * 2005-08-01 2006-12-10 Nitto Denko Corp Method of preparing a nicotine transdermal preparation
DE102006054732B4 (de) * 2006-11-21 2010-12-30 Lts Lohmann Therapie-Systeme Ag Transdermales therapeutisches System mit Ionenpaar-Mikroreservoiren
CA2738524C (en) 2008-10-02 2013-11-26 Mylan Inc. Method for making a multilayer adhesive laminate
CN101956005B (zh) * 2010-08-13 2012-07-25 司法部司法鉴定科学技术研究所 一种荧光标记的插入缺失遗传多态性位点复合扩增系统及其应用
EP2457565A1 (de) * 2010-11-29 2012-05-30 Ratiopharm GmbH Transdermales therapeutisches System enthaltend Rotigotin
EP2646009A1 (en) * 2010-12-02 2013-10-09 Ratiopharm GmbH Rotigotine ionic liquid
US11058793B2 (en) 2011-05-16 2021-07-13 Avery Dennison Corporation Adhesive containing microparticles
MX2015010327A (es) 2013-02-07 2016-06-07 Avery Dennison Corp Adhesivos antimicrobianos que tienen propiedades mejoradas .
WO2014151355A1 (en) 2013-03-15 2014-09-25 Avery Dennison Corporation Transparent cover dressing application system and inclusion of label strip
WO2014193190A1 (ko) * 2013-05-30 2014-12-04 에스케이케미칼 (주) 로티고틴과 지방산 및 스티렌 점착제를 함유한 경피치료시스템
EP2946775A1 (de) * 2014-05-20 2015-11-25 LTS LOHMANN Therapie-Systeme AG Lavendelöl enthaltendes transdermales therapeutisches System
EP3151813B1 (en) 2014-06-05 2020-12-09 Avery Dennison Corporation Articles with active agent concentrated at the substrate contacting surface and related methods
DE102015200705A1 (de) 2015-01-19 2016-07-21 Zf Friedrichshafen Ag Hydropneumatische Federung mit passiv lastabhängiger Dämpfventilverstellung
CN105147642B (zh) * 2015-07-31 2018-02-16 大连理工大学 一种含福莫特罗或其富马酸盐的透皮贴剂
CN105505308A (zh) * 2015-12-19 2016-04-20 仇颖超 一种纯天然热熔压敏胶的制备方法
DE102017104026A1 (de) * 2017-02-27 2018-08-30 Lts Lohmann Therapie-Systeme Ag Nicotin enthaltendes transparentes transdermales therapeutisches System
DE102017127433A1 (de) * 2017-11-21 2019-05-23 Lts Lohmann Therapie-Systeme Ag TTS auf Basis von klebenden Weichmacher-Polymer-Matrices
DE102019117310A1 (de) * 2019-06-27 2020-12-31 Lts Lohmann Therapie-Systeme Ag Verfahren zur Herstellung von Wirkstoffverabreichungssystemen mittels Tampondruckverfahren
IL303390A (en) 2020-12-03 2023-08-01 Battelle Memorial Institute Compositions of polymer nanoparticles and DNA nanostructures and methods for non-viral transport
AU2022253899A1 (en) 2021-04-07 2023-10-26 Battelle Memorial Institute Rapid design, build, test, and learn technologies for identifying and using non-viral carriers

Family Cites Families (17)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US500461A (en) 1893-06-27 Clothes-pounder
DE3315272C2 (de) * 1983-04-27 1986-03-27 Lohmann Gmbh & Co Kg, 5450 Neuwied Pharmazeutisches Produkt und Verfahren zu seiner Herstellung
JPS61251619A (ja) * 1985-04-30 1986-11-08 Nitto Electric Ind Co Ltd ニコチン含有テ−プ製剤
DE3629304A1 (de) * 1986-08-28 1988-03-24 Lohmann Gmbh & Co Kg Transdermales therapeutisches system, seine verwendung und verfahren zu seiner herstellung
US5820876A (en) 1986-08-28 1998-10-13 Lts Lohmann Therapie-Systeme Gmbh & Co. Kg Transdermal therapeutic system
US6126963A (en) * 1986-08-28 2000-10-03 Lts Lohmann Therapie-Systeme Gmbh & Co. Kg Transdermal therapeutic system, its use and production process
DE3727232A1 (de) * 1987-08-14 1989-02-23 Lohmann Therapie Syst Lts Verfahren zur herstellung einer darreichungs- und/oder dosierungsform fuer arzneimittelwirkstoffe
US5004610A (en) 1988-06-14 1991-04-02 Alza Corporation Subsaturated nicotine transdermal therapeutic system
DE4400769C2 (de) 1994-01-13 1996-07-18 Lohmann Therapie Syst Lts Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Herstellung einer flächigen Darreichungsform mit einer Arzneimittelwirkstoffe enthaltenden Zubereitung
DE69531488T2 (de) * 1994-03-07 2004-06-17 Theratech Inc., Salt Lake City Medikament enthaltende, adhesive, zusammenbaubare, transdermale abgabevorrichtung
DE19826592A1 (de) 1998-06-15 1999-12-16 Lohmann Therapie Syst Lts Verfahren zur Herstellung eines aus einzelnen Schichten bestehenden Laminats
CN1331586A (zh) * 1998-12-18 2002-01-16 阿尔扎有限公司 透明的透皮烟碱输送装置
DE19918106A1 (de) * 1999-04-22 2000-10-26 Lohmann Therapie Syst Lts Transdermales therapeutisches System mit neutralisierten Acrylathaftklebern
DE10018834A1 (de) 2000-04-15 2001-10-25 Lohmann Therapie Syst Lts Transdermale oder transmucosale Darreichungsformen mit einer nicotinhaltigen Wirkstoffkombination zur Raucherentwöhnung
DE10053375C1 (de) 2000-10-27 2002-01-24 Lohmann Therapie Syst Lts Transdermale therapeutische Systeme mit lichtempfindlichen Wirkstoffen
DE10110391A1 (de) * 2001-03-03 2002-09-26 Lohmann Therapie Syst Lts Hochflexibles Nikotin transdermales therapeutisches System mit Nikotin als Wirkstoff
DE10317692A1 (de) * 2003-04-17 2004-11-11 Lts Lohmann Therapie-Systeme Ag Medizinische Wirkstoffpflaster mit veringerter optischer Auffälligkeit auf der Haut

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE102005010255A1 (de) 2006-09-14
CA2598353C (en) 2013-07-09
NZ561219A (en) 2010-09-30
JP5308149B2 (ja) 2013-10-09
CN101137355B (zh) 2012-10-10
US11478434B2 (en) 2022-10-25
EP1855660B1 (de) 2011-07-27
KR20070110093A (ko) 2007-11-15
IL185686A0 (en) 2008-01-06
JP2008531742A (ja) 2008-08-14
MX2007010900A (es) 2007-12-06
ES2368940T3 (es) 2011-11-23
US11311495B2 (en) 2022-04-26
CN101137355A (zh) 2008-03-05
WO2006094681A1 (de) 2006-09-14
AU2006222242A1 (en) 2006-09-14
ES2368940T5 (es) 2020-04-20
US20080233177A1 (en) 2008-09-25
AU2006222242B2 (en) 2011-03-31
CA2598353A1 (en) 2006-09-14
ATE517616T1 (de) 2011-08-15
BRPI0608067A2 (pt) 2010-11-09
EP1855660A1 (de) 2007-11-21
RU2007135599A (ru) 2009-04-10
ZA200706885B (en) 2008-06-25
US20200009073A1 (en) 2020-01-09
IL185686A (en) 2012-02-29
EP1855660B2 (de) 2019-10-16
BRPI0608067B1 (pt) 2022-05-10
RU2386435C2 (ru) 2010-04-20

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
HK1105368A1 (en) Non-fibrous transdermal therapeutic system and method for its production
MXPA04012150A (es) Sistema terapeutico transdermico para administrar rotigotina.
PH12013500772A1 (en) Transdermal therapeutic system
BRPI0511072A (pt) derivados de alquinila como moduladores dos receptores de glutamato metabotróbico
WO2008009415A3 (de) 4-heteroaryl-substituierte 1-aminocyclohexan-1- und cyclohexen-1-derivate mit wirkung auf das opiod rezeptor system
TW200627594A (en) A method to form a passivation layer
MX337361B (es) Sistema de entrega de medicamento transdermico que comprende una capa de liberacion recubierta.
MX2008008050A (es) Suministro transdermico de meptazinol.
MX2009012273A (es) Dispositivos de suministro transd?rmico que aseguran la liberaci?n mejorada de un principio activo a trav?s de una interfaz biol?gica.
WO2010053337A3 (ko) 서방성 미립자 및 이의 제조방법
MX2010009955A (es) Derivados de ciclohexano espirociclicos sustituidos.
HRP20050828A2 (en) Uv stable transdermal therapeutic plaster
BRPI0606574A2 (pt) métodos de ativação de um revestimento orgânico e de preparação de um tratamento de ativação, substrato revestido e tratamento de ativação para um revestimento orgânico
CL2007001885A1 (es) Compuestos derivados de urea de tropano, moduladores de la actividad de la 11betahsd1; procedimiento de preparacion; composicion farmaceutica; y uso para el tratamiento de enfermedades tales como obesidad, diabetes, hipertension, aterosclerosis, demencia y osteoporosis.
WO2007025547A3 (en) Layered product with adhesive dressing for non-touch application
ATE415153T1 (de) Pharmazeutische zusammensetzung zur perkutane absorption unter verwendung von einem metalchlorid, vorzugsweise natriumchlorid, zur vorbeugung von kohäsionsschwäche
MX2012000947A (es) Proceso para la manufactura continua de un parche transdermico basado en polisobutileno.
NZ599914A (en) Selective heterocyclic sphingosine 1 phosphate receptor modulators
MX2010009969A (es) Sistema terapeutico transdermico que tiene membrana estabilizada.
DK2257526T3 (da) Spiro(5,5)undecan-derivater
WO2008059339A3 (en) Isoquinoline derivatives as vanilloid receptor modulators
ATE415154T1 (de) Pharmazeutische zusammensetzung zur perkutane absorption unter verwendung von einem metalchlorid, vorzugsweise natriumchlorid, zur vorbeugung von kohäsionsschwäche
MX2015007611A (es) Parche para tratamiento de enfermades del parpado que contiene clobetasol.
ATE403420T1 (de) Transdermalsystem mit fentanyl
MX2009013197A (es) Derivados terapeuticos de pirazolonaftiridina.

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
PC Patent ceased (i.e. patent has lapsed due to the failure to pay the renewal fee)

Effective date: 20240227