GB2585583A - Intelligent device for implementing thermal expansion principle-based separation between walnut kernels and red coats by means of heat radiation - Google Patents

Abstract

An intelligent device for implementing thermal expansion principle-based separation between walnut kernels and red coats by means of heat radiation during belt transportation, comprising: a continuous material feeding mechanism (III), which comprises a rotatable indented cylinder (III-02) provided with a plurality of discharging grooves in a circumferential direction, wherein a pin (III-04) is provided in each discharging groove, the pin (III-04) is connected to a spring (III-06), the spring (III-06) is provided facing the interior of the indented cylinder (III-02), the pin (III-04) is able to move along the discharging groove, and the bottom of a charging box (III-10) is hollow and is provided above or at the bottom of the indented cylinder (III-02) and is fixedly connected to the indented cylinder (III-02); a delivery mechanism (II), above a side of which the continuous material feeding mechanism (III) is provided; and an electromagnetic heating mechanism (I), comprising a support frame, the delivery mechanism (II) being provided in the support frame, and an electromagnetic coil (I-02) being provided outside the support frame in a circumferential direction.

Description

INTELLIGENT DEVICE FOR SEPARATING RED SKIN FROM

WALNUT KERNEL THROUGH BELT CONVEYING AND

THERMAL RADIATION BY USING PRINCIPLE OF THERMAL

EXPANSION AND COLD CONTRACTION

BACKGROUND

Technical Field

The present invention relates to a short-term heating and red skin peel-off system for a walnut kernel, and in particular, to an intelligent device for separating a red skin from a walnut kernel through belt conveying and thermal radiation by using a principle of thermal expansion and cold contraction.

Related Art With the rapid development of the society, people's living standard is increasingly improved, and people have an increasingly greater demand for healthy cooking oil. Therefore, many oil production companies begin to produce walnut oil rich in unsaturated fatty acids. However, a red seed coat commonly known as a red skin of a walnut kernel has a great impact on quality of the walnut oil. In order to press high-quality walnut oil, the red skin on a surface of the walnut kernel needs to be peeled off first. At present, most walnut oil production enterprises achieve the objective in a method of hot alkali soaking or boiling water stewing. However, both the hot alkali soaking and boiling water stewing have a certain impact on the quality of the walnut kernel, and a subsequent treatment process is complicated, which is described in detail below. Therefore, the red skin of the walnut kernel is peeled off in a physical method to effectively improve production efficiency and be adapted to market demands without damaging the quality of the walnut kernel. At present, there is no intelligent device that peels off the red skin of the walnut kernel in the physical method in the market. Therefore, we borrowed and improved other methods for heating and peeling off seed coats from nuts, and developed an intelligent device for peeling off a red skin of a walnut kernel by using continuous feeding electromagnetic heating.

After retrieval, Zhao Xizhou invented an alkaline immersion method (patent number: CN204707949U) to peel off the red skin of the walnut kernel through alkaline immersion. The alkaline immersion method is mainly a chemical method in which the walnut kernel is immersed for a certain period of time by using a certain concentration of diluted lye at a certain temperature to dissolve pectin connecting the seed coat to the walnut kernel, thereby peeling off the red skin. This method is highly efficient but has the following disadvantages: first, the walnut kernel is to be washed with clean water after the red skin is peeled off, to prevent the lye from remaining, causing a subsequent treatment process to be complicated; second, the lye itself dissolves oil and protein, etc. in the walnut kernel, reducing the quality of the walnut kernel; next, an excessively high or low temperature reduces a peel-off rate of the red skin, and it is difficult to automatically control a temperature of the lye; and finally, if a washing process is not well controlled, the lye may remain, harming the quality of oil and human health. Therefore, this peel-off method has great disadvantages, so that a high-quality walnut kernel cannot be produced efficiently.

After retrieval, Yang Weiming invented a heating roller apparatus for baking torreya (patent number: 201420222962.7). The heating roller apparatus includes: a main shaft, a support frame, a one-sided open circular cylinder, a heating resistance wire, and a furnace door, etc. The main shaft is driven by a motor, the circular cylinder is fixedly connected to the main shaft, the main shaft and an axis of the circular cylinder coincide, and the support frame is located between the main shaft and the circular cylinder to support the cylinder. A circular wave pattern is disposed on an outer wall of the cylinder, so that a heating resistance wire is evenly wound on the outer wall of the cylinder. A furnace door is mounted at the opening of the cylinder, so that a material is fed from the furnace door, and the furnace door is closed during heating. Such heating apparatus is relatively simple and can achieve uniform heating of the material, but also has many disadvantages: first, because there is no heat insulation apparatus outside the resistance wire, heat loss is too large; second, the main shaft is relatively long, and if there arc too many materials, the main shaft needs to have greater rigidity; and finally, the apparatus has no continuity and low efficiency. Therefore, this apparatus is also not selectable.

Chen Zhang invented a heating roller apparatus for frying peppers (patent number: 201620051206.1). A working process of the heating roller apparatus may be mainly divided into three processes: feeding, stir-frying, impurity separation, and discharging. The mechanism mainly includes a feed port, a discharge port, an impurity discharge port, a separation fan, and a heating roller with an internal thread. During feeding, through spiral forward rotation in the heating roller, a spiral thrust is generated in the roller to rotate the material into the roller. Similarly, during discharging, the heating roller is rotated backward, so that the internal thread of the heating roller rotates the material out. The apparatus implements the stir-frying and separation of the material through combination of the internal thread with the separation fan. The internal thread may stir and fry and lift the material, and the pressure gas generated by the separation fan simultaneously blows away impurities in the material. Some tiny impurities may be separated through small holes in the wall of the cylinder, and some large impurities may be discharged and collected through the impurity discharge port driven by the spiral rotation. At the same time, steam generated when the peppers are stir-fried may be discharged through air holes on the roller. Although a heat insulation layer is added to an outer layer of the apparatus to improve a utilization rate of heat, because the feed port, the discharge port, and the impurity discharge port of the apparatus are in communication with the outside, a heat insulation effect of the apparatus is reduced greatly. The internally threaded roller used in the apparatus causes the material to be accumulated on a baffle plate when the material is stir-fried. If a to-be-stir-fried object is a soft walnut, the walnut kernel is pressed, and the walnut kernel is unevenly heated, so that efficiency of peeling off the red skin is reduced. Therefore, the apparatus cannot be directly configured to directly heat the walnut kernel.

After retrieval, a blanching method is also a common method for peeling off the red skin from the walnut kernel. A principle of the blanching method is actually very simple. In the method, water content of the walnut kernel and the red skin are changed by soaking or braising in boiling water, causing the red skin to be more easily separated from and peeled off from the walnut kernel. However, the method also has the same problem as that of the alkaline immersion method. While the efficiency of peeling off the red skin from the walnut kernel, it is necessary to appropriately increase the time of soaking and braising in boiling water. However, as time increases, the water content in the walnut kernel also increases, and a high temperature denatures some proteins in the walnut kernel, thereby changing the composition and quality of the walnut kernel. Through analysis of test data, while the efficiency of peeling off the red skin from the walnut kernel is ensured, optimal time of soaking and braising in the boiling water is 6 min and 5 min, respectively. However, even at the optimal soaking time and an optimal soaking temperature, in the method, post-processability of the walnut kernel may still be reduced by changing the water content of the walnut kernel. Tn addition, efficiency of peeling off the red skin in this method is not very high. Tn the case where there are gullies on a surface of the walnut kernel, manual cleaning is still needed later, greatly reducing the efficiency of peeling off the red skin from the walnut kernel and an automation degree of the device. Similarly, a high temperature of the boiling water changes the quality of the protein in the walnut kernel, increases the water content, and causes the walnut kernel to be softer, so that a chance of damaging the walnut kernel in the secondary processing is greatly damaged, a processing range of the walnut kernel is limited, not facilitating deep processing of the walnut kernel and guarantee of the quality of the walnut kernel.

Based on the foregoing, alkaline liquid in the alkaline immersion method may dissolve a part of the proteins and oil in the walnut kernel, reduce the quality of the walnut kernel, and a residual of the alkaline liquid also causes a harm to the human body, greatly reducing a food safety factor of the processed walnut kernel. The high temperature in the immersion method may destroy a part of the proteins in the walnut kernel. In this case, the water content in the walnut kernel is also increased in the immersion method, greatly affecting the secondary processing of the walnut kernel and reducing the quality of the walnut kernel.

The stir-fry and heating apparatus for roasted Chinese torreya and fried chili also has a plurality of problems such as uneven stir-fry and heating of the material, low stir-fry efficiency, complicated and time-consuming feeding and discharging of the stir-fry apparatus, a poor effect of separation of the material from the impurities, and secondary damage due to material accumulation. For soft walnut kernels, if the walnut kernels are directly processed according to a principle of the existing heating and stir-frying apparatus for nuts, it will undoubtedly cause an irreparable damage to the quality of the walnut kernel. Therefore, it is not feasible to directly apply the stir-fry and heating apparatus.

SUMMARY

In order to overcome shortcomings of the prior art, the present invention provides an intelligent device for separating a red skin from a walnut kernel through belt conveying and thermal radiation by using a principle of thermal expansion and cold contraction. The device separates a radiant heating mechanism from a red skin peel-off mechanism. First, the red skin is initially separated from a walnut kernel by using different themral expansion coefficients of the walnut kernel and the red skin through electromagnetic heating. The present invention resolves problems of easy damage to the walnut kernel, uneven heating of the walnut, and low efficiency of peeling off the red skin.

A specific solution of an intelligent device for separating a red skin from a walnut kernel through belt conveying and thermal radiation by using a principle of thermal expansion and cold contraction is shown in the following: The intelligent device for separating a red skin from a walnut kernel through belt conveying and thermal radiation by using a principle of thermal expansion and cold contraction includes: an electromagnetic heating mechanism including a support frame, a conveying mechanism being disposed in the support frame, and an electromagnetic coil being disposed in a circumferential direction outside the support frame; and the conveying mechanism passing through the support frame to convey the walnut kernel into the support frame and out of the electromagnetic heating mechanism.

Further, a feeding mechanism is further disposed on one side of the conveying mechanism.

Further, the feeding mechanism includes an inclined feeding plate, a rotating shaft with a material pushing groove being disposed in a middle of the feeding plate, the rotating shaft being connected to a grooved wheel disposed on a side of the feeding plate, and a plurality of material dividing plates being disposed at a lower half section of the feeding plate; or the material dividing plate being disposed along a length direction of the feeding plate, and a longitudinal section of the material dividing plate being a herringbone structure; and the rotating shaft being disposed in a width direction of the feeding plate.

In another embodiment of the present invention, the electromagnetic heating mechanism may be replaceable with a resistance heating mechanism or other heating mechanisms.

A longitudinal section of the support frame is ring-shaped, both sides of the support frame are supported by a support plate, and a radiant liner is disposed in the support frame, a heat insulation layer being disposed between the radiant liner and the electromagnetic coil. The heat insulation layer being disposed to keep a temperature of the liner and protect the electromagnetic coil from being affected by a radiation source. The electromagnetic coil itself does not generate heat, greatly improving a service life of the coil and ensuring stability and accuracy of the heating power.

Further, a heat insulation housing is disposed at an outer sidc of the electromagnetic coil.

Further, a temperature sensor is disposed in the radiant liner and is connected to a controller, the controller being separately connected to a control switch of the electromagnetic coil and the conveying mechanism; or the temperature sensor may monitor a heating temperature in real time, and then control a conveying speed of the conveying mechanism to control the heating time, so that the conveying speed of the conveying mechanism may be controlled to change in a set proportion to the heating temperature of the electromagnetic heating mechanism, thereby achieving uniformly heating of the walnut kernel.

Alternatively, a longitudinal section of the radiant liner is a rectangular ring to help the conveying mechanism pass.

Further, the conveying mechanism is a conveyor belt. In order to prevent an alternating magnetic field generated by the electromagnetic coil from becoming a new radiation source and causing a surface of the walnut kernel close to a crawler belt to be overheated, the conveyor belt is made of a high temperature resistant material with poor magnetic permeability (such as zirconia ceramic, stainless steel, molybdenum, titanium, etc.) with a mesh structure. In this way, the conveyor belt is not directly heated due to electromagnetic induction when placed in a magnetic field. The conveyor belt is supported by conveying rollers provided on an upper support frame and a lower support frame, the conveying rollers being driven by a belt conveying component to rotate, a plurality of connecting rods being disposed between the upper support frame and the lower support frame for support, and the support frame being disposed around the upper support frame.

Further, the feeding mechanism includes a rotatable indented cylinder, and a plurality of material receiving grooves are provided in a circumferential direction, a pin being disposed in each of the material receiving grooves, and a pushing element in contact with the pin being disposed in the indented cylinder, the pushing element being capable of pushing the pin to move along the material receiving groove, that is, to reciprocate along a radial direction of the indented cylinder.

Further, the pushing element includes a rotating adjustment shall disposed in the indented cylinder and disposed coaxially with the indented cylinder, an eccentric sleeve being disposed in a circumferential direction of the rotating adjustment shaft, and a positioning sleeve with a slider being disposed on a periphery of the rotating adjustment shaft, where the slider is in contact with the eccentric sleeve, and is in contact with a spring under a normal condition, the spring being connected to the pin, the indented cylinder being rotated to drive the pin and the spring to rotate around the positioning sleeve, and after the pin is rotated by a specific angle, the spring being in contact with the slider, and the slider pushing the pin with the spring out to push out materials in the material receiving groove; Or a feeding box is disposed on a top of the indented cylinder, a bottom of the feeding box being hollow and being disposed above the indented cylinder or being fixedly connected to the indented cylinder.

The rcd skin peel-off apparatus may realize uniform discharge through the uniform rotation of the indented cylinder, and then achieve uniform feeding of the material to the conveying mechanism. The eccentric sleeve may be rotated through the rotating adjustment shaft to change a position of the slider, a variable volume of the material receiving grove may be adjusted to adjust an amount of a thrown material each time, and then adjust a feed rate of the material. Alternatively, a speed of the feed amount of the material may be adjusted by adjusting a rotation speed of the indented cylinder. An alternating magnetic field is generated by using an alternating current, so that the radiant liner heats up under the action of the alternating magnetic field to become a heat radiation source, thereby radiantly heating the walnut kernel of the conveying mechanism. Therefore, the heating temperature is controlled and the walnut kernel is uniformly heated by the conveying mechanism.

In addition, after the electromagnetic heating, the walnut kernel is basically separated from its red skin, laying a foundation for a fundamental separation in a next step. The intelligent device for separating a red skin from a walnut kernel through belt conveying and heat radiation by using a principle of thermal expansion and cold contraction uses different thermal expansion coefficients of the walnut kernel and the red skin, and uses a heating apparatus to heat the walnut kernel in a certain temperature range to achieve separation of the walnut kernel from the red skin The heating mechanism may perform heating in a plurality of manners such as electromagnetic heating as shown in the apparatus. In a case that a part of the mechanism is changed, a plurality of heating methods such as resistance heating may also be used.

The present invention provides a continuous feeding mechanism to continuously and uniformly feed the material, and adjust an amount of the material.

A continuous feeding mechanism, including: a rotary indented cylinder, a plurality of material receiving grooves being provided thereon in a circumferential direction, a pin being disposed in each of the plurality of material receiving grooves and being connected to a spring, the spring being disposed toward the inside of the indented cylinder, and the pin being capable of moving along the material receiving groove; a feeding box, a bottom of the feeding box being hollow and being provided above the indented cylinder or being fixedly connected to the indented cylinder; a positioning sleeve provided in the indented cylinder, a slider being disposed thereon; and a rotating adjustment shaft, an eccentric sleeve being disposed thereon in a circumferential direction, and the rotating adjustment shaft being provided in the positioning sleeve, wherein the slider is in contact with the eccentric sleeve, and is in contact with a spring under a normal condition, the indented cylinder being rotated to drive the pin and the spring to rotate around the positioning sleeve, and after the pin is rotated by a specific angle, the spring being in contact with the slider, and the slider pushing the pin with the spring out to push out materials in the material receiving groove.

By disposing the foregoing mechanism, the walnut kernels may be uniformly and densely conveyed to the conveying mechanism. The dense and uniform arrangement of the walnut kernels in the heating mechanism and the conveying mechanism may achieve uniform heating of the walnut kernels by the heating apparatus and improve processing efficiency of the heating mechanism on the walnut kernels.

Further, when the slider is not in contact with a spring, an end of the spring may be disposed to abut against the positioning sleeve.

Further, an end of the spring in contact with the slider is in a shape of a circular arc, and the material receiving groove is evenly disposed on the indented cylinder.

Further, a seed guard plate is disposed on a side of the indented cylinder and is disposed in a circular arc to prevent sundries from entering the material receiving groove.

Compared to the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects.

(1) The present invention has advantages of uniform heating, a good heat insulation effect, a high automation degree, and high peel-off efficiency. During heating of the walnut kernel, moisture in the walnut kernel may be released in time, to effectively reduce moisture content of the walnut kernel, effectively increasing a flavor of the walnut kernel.

(2) The electromagnetic coil is evenly wound on the support frame, and the eddy current is generated on the radiant liner by using the electromagnetic heating and becomes a radiation source. Compared to heating by a resistance wire, the electromagnetic coil performs heating more evenly with less energy consumption and is not easy to be damaged. In addition, compared to heating by the resistance wire, the electromagnetic coil has high heating efficiency, less heat loss, and the electromagnetic coil itself does not generate heat, reducing a loss to the coil.

(3) By using the conveying mechanism of the conveyor belt, the walnut kernels may be continuously conveyed to the heating mechanism, improving production efficiency of the device and an automation degree of the apparatus, avoiding a series of problems brought by the intermittent stir-fry by the traditional nut stir-fry heating mechanism. The conveyor belt and the electromagnetic heating mechanism are made into an integrated mechanism through the external support plate, ensuring the stability of the conveyor belt when entering and leaving the heating mechanism and the heating uniformity of the walnut kernels when passing through the heating apparatus.

(4) By disposing the temperature sensor, temperatures of the radiant liner, heated air in contact with the walnut kernels, and the surface of the conveyor belt may be monitored in real time, and then the temperatures are fed back to an external circuit system to adjust the conveying speed of the conveyor belt, to ensure that the walnut kernels are at a reasonable temperature in a reasonable time, improving an intelligence degree of the overall system.

(5) The conveyor belt itself uses stainless steel with poor magnetic permeability, effectively reducing heating of a conveying crawler belt in an alternating magnetic field and reducing an impact of other heat sources on the uniform heating of the walnut kernels.

(6) By using the indented cylinder structure, the material may be evenly and stably thrown on the conveyor belt, the adjustable indented cylinder structure may further adjust a speed of a discharge amount of the material, facilitating subsequent uniform heating of the material.

I5 BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

The accompanying drawings constituting a part of this application arc used for providing further understanding for this application. Exemplary embodiments of this application and descriptions thereof arc used for explaining this application and do not constitute any inappropriate limitation to this application.

FIG. I is an axonometric view of an intelligent device for separating a red skin from a walnut kernel through belt conveying and thermal radiation by using a principle of thermal expansion and cold contraction. (an overall axonomctric view of the device) FIG. 2 is an exploded view of an intelligent device for separating a red skin from a walnut kernel through belt conveying and thermal radiation by using a principle of thermal expansion and cold contraction.

FIG. 3 (a) is a left side view of an electromagnetic-heating square tube. FIG. 3 (b) is a sectional view of the electromagnetic-heating square tube. FIG. 4 (a) is an axonomctric view of a conveying apparatus.

FIG. 4 (b) is a left side view of the conveying apparatus.

FIG. 4 (c) is a top view of the conveying apparatus.

FIG. 5 (a) is a left side view of a continuous feeding mechanism. FIG. 5 (b) is a sectional view of the continuous feeding mechanism.

FIG. 5 (c) is an axonometric view of a continuous feeding mechanism wheel.

FIG. 6 is an axonometric view of a grooved wheel.

1-01-heat insulation housing, 1-02-electromagnetic coil, 1-03-heat insulation layer, 1-04-right end cover, 1-05-washer, 1-06-bolt, 1-07-radiant liner, 1-08-support plate 1, 1-09-left end cover, 1-10-support plate 2, 1-1 1-temperature sensor, II-01 -stepper motor, II-02-button I, 11-03-button 2, 11-04-button 3, II-05-button 4, 11-06-conveying belt 1, 11-07-conveying belt 2, 11-08-belt pulley 1, 11-09-belt pulley 2, TT-10-belt pulley 3, II-I I -belt pulley 4, II-1 2-conveying shaft I, II-I 3-conveying shaft 2, II-1 4-support shaft 1, 1I-15-support shaft 2, II-1 6-support shaft 3, II-1 7-conveying bearing, II-1 8-support bearing, II-1 9-material conveying belt, 11-20-support angle steel, 11-21-support 1-steel.

III-01 -seed guard plate, 1U-02-indented cylinder, III-03-slider, III-04-pin, 111-05-positioning sleeve, Ill-Oh-spring, 111-07-eccentric sleeve, III-08-rotating adjustment shaft, 111-09-button, III-1 0-feeding box, III-1 1 -feeding plate, III-1 2-rotating plate, III-13 -material divi ding plate, III-14-grooved wheel, III-1 5-grooved wheel core.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

It should be noted that the following detailed descriptions are all exemplary and are intended to provide a further understanding of this application. Unless otherwise specified, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by those of ordinary skill in the art to which this application belongs.

It should be noted that terms used herein are only for describing specific implementations and are not intended to limit exemplary implementations according to this application. As used herein, the singular form is intended to include the plural form, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. In addition, it should further be understood that terms "comprise" and/or "include" used in this specification indicate that there are features, steps, operations, devices, components, and/or combinations thereof.

As described in the background art, for deficiencies in the prior art, in order to resolve the foregoing technical problems, the present application provides an intelligent device for separating a red skin from a walnut kernel through belt conveying and thermal radiation by using a principle of thermal expansion and cold contraction.

In a typical implementation of the present application, as shown in FIG. 1, an intelligent device for separating a red skin from a walnut kernel through belt conveying and thermal radiation by using a principle of thermal expansion and cold contraction includes three parts of an electromagnetic heating mechanism 1, a conveying mechanism II, and a continuous feeding mechanism III (a spreading mechanism for short).

As shown in FIG. 2, FIG. 2 is an exploded view of an intelligent device for separating a red skin from a walnut kernel through belt conveying and thermal radiation by using a principle of thermal expansion and cold contraction, components thereof being shown in the figure.

As shown in FIG. 3 (a) and FIG. 3 (b), a left end cover 1-09 and a right end cover 1-04 are fixed to both ends of a support frame by a bolt 1-06 and a washer 1-05 to preserve heat to a certain extent. A heat insulation housing I-01 is disposed at an outer side of the support frame, and the left end cover 1-09 and the right end cover 1-04 have rectangular openings to facilitate material conveying. A radiant liner 1-07 is rectangular and is sheathed in a cylindrical heat insulation layer 1-03, and an electromagnetic coil 1-02 is wound around the heat insulation layer 1-03. A temperature sensor I-11 is disposed inside the radiant liner, to facilitate monitoring of a temperature inside a heating apparatus. A support plate 1 1-08 and a support plate 2 I-10 support the heating mechanism, and play a role of fixing and supporting.

A walnut kernel is heated through heat radiation. First, an eddy current is generated on the radiant liner by using a principle of electromagnetic induction, and then a temperature of the walnut kernel is increased through a radiation heat exchange process between the liner and the walnut kernel. Because the heat radiation occurs on a surface of an object, when a temperature of a red skin rises obviously, a temperature of the walnut kernel does not rise obviously.

Assuming that the temperature of the liner is the same everywhere, both the liner and the red skin on the surface of the walnut kernel may be regarded as gray bodies. Numbers of sides of the liner are 1, 2, 3, 4 and a material number is 5, and then G,F, = JIFt491,5+ tLF202,5 + J3F3P3,5 +J4F4494,3 (1) Q5 = J5F5 -G5F5 = J5F5 J2F2C°2,5 J3F3493,5 J4F4945 (2) IsFs= 15E",-( -1) Qs (3) is obtained by using an effective radiation expression I,F+ 512F+ 51,14; + 5141;4= + FE"+ FE",+ F,E"-(-1) Q (4) Because Qs = -Q, FsEb, -451,5FIEb1 -02,5F2Eb2 -03,5F3E),3-54.1,5F4E6 it may be derived that Qs = + 01,5 + (15215 (/55,5 04 -E2 Still because 0 (5F t = "IF 5, the equation is substituted into the above formula to obtain (5) Q5= F5 Fs F5 (6).

F5Ebs (F1EbtF. 05-1 -I-F-)Ebc 52 + F3E 1c 05,3 i F 05/1) P4 El( Ls 0 25 + 03,5+ 04.0(E2 1) Because 1, 2, 3, 4 are a same material, E;,1 = Eh?. = FIR = Em.

Still because 05,1 + 05,2 + 05,3 + 054 FsEbs -F5E1,0231) Q5= 1 1 (7) + ( 01,5 + 02,5 + 03,5 + 04,0072 -1) Because a material on a surface of the material is not a gray body, a correction factor K is multiplied, a heat flow s multiplied by time t to obtain a result of heat H transferred in time t, A risen temperature per unit mass in a time t is Kt( -F540.'134)) T = c 1 (8), -+ ( 01,5 02,5 + 031" 04 5)(---1)C (9), and ( 1 0). E2

A risen temperature of a single walnut kernel is To=T xmo an average volume expansion coefficient is /3=1 x -dV V dt Linear expansion coefficients of the walnut kernel and the red skin are different. When unit heat for the walnut kernel and the red skin is the same, expansion volumes of the two are different. In this case, the walnut kernel is separated from the red skin sticking to a surface of the walnut kernel.

An effective heating length of a conveyor belt is a, a width thereof is b, a heating rate thereof is v, and a heated mass of the walnut kernels per unit area is m, and then heating m efficiency of the walnut kernels is a= riT. a

In the foregoing formulas: c-specific heat capacity of a material, ,I/(kg K); G-projected radiation force, W/m2; F area, m2; (p-angle coefficient, %; 1-effective radiation force, W/m2; Q-heat flow, W; c I -emissivity of the material, %; c2-emissivity of a cylinder wall, °//ii; E-radiation force, W/m2; t-time, S; H-heat, J; T-temperature, °C; mo-quality of a single walnut kernel, Kg; fl-average volume expansion coefficient; a -heating efficiency of the walnut kernel, one/second; and v-heating rate, m/s.

Assuming that an AC electromotive force used in the heating apparatus is ci = niBScosimat (12), an induced electromotive force on the electromagnetic coil is e2 = n2BSwcoswt (13), and an induced electromotive force generated by the eddy current is e3 = ei nBS Therefore, the eddy current I - R s mot (14) n2B1S2,,z power of the eddy current is P = sin2cot fi a calorific value Q = f Pitt a risen temperature in the time t is T = Q/c In the foregoing formulas: c-specific heat capacity of a liner wall, J/(kg * K); e-electromotive force, V; m-a number of turns per coil of a generator; nz-a number of turns per electromagnetic coil; B-magnetic induction intensity, T; S-area; co-AC angular frequency; 1-eddy current intensity, A; P-eddy current power, W; Q-heat, ,1; R-liner wall resistance, Q; and t-time, S. In an electromagnetic heating technology (EH for short), an alternating magnetic field is generated through an electromagnetic coil 1-02 wound on a heat insulation layer 1-03. In this case, a radiant liner made of metal 1-07 is wrapped in an electromagnetic coil, a surface of a liner wall may be regarded as an alternating current (that is, eddy current) generated by cutting the alternating magnetic lines of force. The eddy current causes metal atoms on the surface of the liner wall to move irregularly in a high speed. The atoms collide and rub against each other to generate heat energy, thereby heating the material. The wound electromagnetic coil 1-02 is characterized in that the wound electromagnetic coil may directly radiate a material in the liner wall at 360°. Compared to resistance heating, electromagnetic heating has high heat conversion efficiency and a low loss, and may achieve conversion efficiency of 95%. Compared to microwave heating, the electromagnetic heating does not destroy an internal structure of the heated material, reduces loss of nutrients, and produces no radiation that causes a harm to the human body. In addition, the electromagnetic heating achieves electrical isolation between a heating body and a main circuit, avoids electric leakage caused due to the insulation damage, greatly improving safety.

Sizes of the eddy currents are related to electrical conductivity, magnetic permeability, and geometric dimensions of a metal material. The eddy currents consume electric energy. In an induction heating apparatus, the metal may be heat by using the eddy currents. The sizes of the eddy currents are related to resistivity p, magnetic permeability p, and a thickness of the metal, a distance 6 between the metal and the coil, and the angular frequency (1) of an excitation current. A formula for calculating the eddy current is shown in the following: 1,1i ttl) (18) r dt in the formula: J is an eddy current formed on a surface of a heating body by an alternating magnetic flux in a circle of a radius r; CY is electric conductivity of the heating body metal; (Dm is magnetic flux in a circle of a radius r.

A heated body and an electromagnetic induction heating coil are combined together with a gap of 2 mm to 4 mm between the two. When the magnetic lines of force in the magnetic field pass through the liner wall, the magnetic lines of force arc cut to generate countless small eddy currents, causing the linear wall to locally and instantly generate heat.

A theoretical depth of the eddy current is 8.

S = I p (19) 27r I in the formula, P is the electric conductivity (1() t2 -mm); f is a frequency (HT); and ft is magnetoconductivity (47r x 10' T / A). In a practical application, it is stipulated that a depth by which 1(x) is reduced to of an eddy current of the surface is a "Current penetration depth". It is proved that a heat of 86.5 exists in a thin layer with a depth of S. It is considered that a circular metal plate with a thickness of h, electric resistivity of P, and a radius of a is placed in a magnetic field having magnetic induction intensity of B and alternating as time goes by. In order to calculate thermal power, along a direction of the current, the circular metal plate is divided into a number of thin metal cylinders having a width of dr, , a circumference of 2gr, and a thickness of h. An induced electromotive force of any thin cylinder is d0 dB (20) = = Ti Resistance of the thin cylinder is is metal plate is (21) 2gt- 7 dB\ gh " circular (22), R = - co' a4 (23) (24) p h * dr Therefore, instant thermal power of the thin cylinder trhr3 * dr dp- dt, 2p cot, instant thermal power of the eddy current of the whole is dB cotdt It is = Bo assumed that B B sin cot, then - cos dt average thermal power of the eddy current in a cycle - 1 gha4 n 1 n Bo'co2 j-r p = - pdt = -I cos' Bo-T 0 Sp T lop As can be seen from the above formula, if a larger thermal power output is to be obtained, a high-frequency alternating electromagnetic field needs to be selected to produce greater magnetic induction intensity, and resistivity of the metal needs to be smaller.

Through theoretical analysis and data searching, a solution for optimizing a thickness of a radiant liner 1-07 is determined. It is assumed that Ql-leat. loss = QUissipation Q.ke.cumulation (25), then (26), In the formula, A --thermal conductivity of a material, kJ/((m.h.cc. ) At --a difference between a temperature of the radiant liner and the room temperature, °C S--a thickness of the radiant line F --an average heat dissipation area of the radiant liner, ir? p --volume weight of a material of the radiant liner kg/ /1113 C --specific heat capacity of the material of the radiant liner, and kj4 g.

1---heating time. When dQ140., loss _ 0 ds then (27), (28).

FIG. 4 (a), FIG. 4 (b), and FIG. 4 (c) are an axonometric view, a left side view, and a top view of a conveying apparatus, respectively. The conveying apparatus mainly plays a role of material conveying, auxiliary heating, and sundries separation after the auxiliary heating. The conveying apparatus drives the material to be conveyed in a square barrel structure, and heats, by using an electromagnetic heating technology, the walnut kernel through heat generated by an angle steel at both ends of an II-19-material conveying belt. After heating, due to different thermal expansion coefficients of the walnut kernel and the red skin, the red skin on a surface of the walnut kernel is basically peeled off, and is fundamentally separated in a subsequent step. A plurality of support shafts such as a support shaft 3 IT-16 are fixed to a face of the material conveying belt II-I9 away from the material through the angle steel and are evenly arranged to ensure that the material conveying belt 11-19 remains stable during movement, so that the walnut kernel passes through the heating apparatus smoothly, thereby achieving uniform heating to a certain extent. A conveying shaft 1 II-12 and a conveying shaft 2 II-13 are fixed to an upper end and a lower end at a certain angle and having a certain height difference with a vertical direction, so that the heated material is kept at a certain distance from the conveyor belt when the heated material is conveyed downward, increasing a movement space of the walnut kernels and the sundries, facilitating subsequent procedures. Power output by a stepper motor 11-01 is transmitted to a belt pulley 111-08 through a button 111-02. The belt pulley 1 11-08 drives the conveying belt 1 11-06 to move, and the conveying belt drives the belt pulley 2 TT-09 to move, further transmitting the power to the belt pulley 3 II-10. A belt pulley 3 IT-10 sequentially transmits power to a button 2 11-03, a button 3 11-04, and a button 3 11-04 to drive the belt pulley 3 II-10 to rotate, which in turn drives the conveying belt 2 11-07 to move. The conveying belt 2 11-07 sequentially transmits power to a belt pulley 4 II-11 and a button 4 II-05, and a button 4 11-05 to drive a conveying shaft 2 IT-13 to rotate. A button 2 11-03 drives the conveying shaft 1 11-12 to rotate, thereby driving the material conveying belt 11-19 to move, and further achieving material conveying. Less energy consumption and has high energy utilization efficiency are achieved in this implementation. The material conveying belt II-19 surrounds a support shaft 1 11-14, a support shaft 2 II-15, and a support shaft II-16. Through movement of the conveying shaft 1 and the conveying shaft 2, the material conveying belt II-19 is driven to move. The material conveying belt is made of stainless steel. The walnut kernels are evenly distributed on the material conveying belt after passing through a feeding apparatus. Meshes are evenly distributed on the belt. A stainless steel material does not produce heat during electromagnetic heating, to ensure that the walnut kernels are heated evenly and avoid scalding. Support angle steels 11-20 are disposed in order at both ends of the material conveying belt 11-19, to be connected to the support shaft to support and fix an apparatus, and arc evenly arranged at both ends of the conveyor belt, and generates, during the electromagnetic heating, heat to heat the walnut kernels evenly. A support angle steel 11-21 is mounted at a lower end of the conveyor belt and around an electric motor through the angle steel, to fix a support mechanism.

It is assumed that an effective heating length of the conveyor belt is a, a width thereof is b, and a conveying speed is c.

FIG. 5 (a), FIG. 5 (b), and FIG. 5 (c) are a left side view, a sectional view, and an axonometric view of a continuous feeding mechanism wheel, respectively. An adjustable continuous feeding mechanism wheel is an embodiment of a feeding solution, and the wheel is placed at a feeding end of the material conveying belt II-19. A feeding box ill-I 0 is placed above a continuous feeding mechanism wheel I11-02, so that a material in the feeding box 111-10 enters a continuous feeding mechanism including a pin 111-04 and a hole of the continuous feeding mechanism wheel under the action of gravity. Driven by rotation of the continuous feeding mechanism wheel 111-02, the material in the continuous feeding mechanism is conveyed out of the feeding box III-10. Because sizes of the walnut kernels are different, the continuous feeding mechanism is to be designed according to a largest walnut kernel, and the walnut kernel is to be prevented from Hocking a gap in the continuous feeding mechanism. When the pin 111-04 passes through an internal slider 111-03 of the continuous feed mechanism wheel, the pin 111-04 moves outward along the continuous feed mechanism to eject the material in the continuous feed mechanism. The pin is designed to be in cooperation with the continuous feeding mechanism and facilitate reciprocating movement of a plunger to reduce friction, and prevent a smaller walnut kernel from blocking a gap and making it difficult to clean. After the pin 111-04 passes through the slider HI-03, the pin 111-06 is reset under the action of the spring 111-06, and forms a continuous feeding mechanism again with the continuous feeding mechanism wheel 111-02 again. Through uniform rotation of the continuous feeding mechanism wheel 111-02, the material in the feeding box III-10 may be evenly spread on the material conveying belt 11-19. A position of the slider III-03 may be adjusted by adjusting the eccentric sleeve 111-07, to change a volume of the continuous feeding mechanism, that is, changing a feeding amount of the continuous feeding mechanism wheel. The eccentric sleeve is adjusted by a rotating adjustment shaft 111-08. The rotating adjustment shaft 111-08 generates torque, and transmits the torque to the eccentric sleeve 111-07 through the button 111-09, thereby achieving adjustment. During rotation, the pin 111-04 rubs against a positioning sleeve 111-05 through the action of a spring 111-06. In order to ensure that the pin 111-04 may smoothly pass the slider 111-03 during rotation without stagnation, a shape of a part that the slider 111-03 contacts the pin 111-04 is made into an arc and friction resistance is minimized. In addition, a friction force between the pin 111-04 and the positioning sleeve III-05 is to be reduced as much as possible, requiring that an elastic force of the spring to be smaller, to reduce a pressure between the pin 111-04 and the positioning sleeve 111-05. A seed guard plate not only prevents the material brought out by the continuous feeding mechanism from splashing under the action of centripetal force, but also ensures that the material brought out by the continuous feeding mechanism wheel may accurately and smoothly fall on the material conveying belt II-I 9, to guide the material.

In FIG. 6, an axonometric view of a grooved wheel is shown. The apparatus is another embodiment of the feeding solution and is placed at a feeding port to feed a material to a crawler belt uniformly. The material is first put on a feeding plate ITT-1l. Because the feeding plate is inclined, the material slides downward under the action of gravity. When the material is accumulated in front of a material dividing plate, a grooved wheel core 111-15 is rotated to drive the grooved Wheel 111-14 to rotate intermittently. When the grooved wheel 111-14 is rotated, a rotating plate 111-12 is driven to stir and convey the material downward. During a time interval when the grooved wheel 111-14 stops rotation, the material is accumulated before the rotating plate 111-12 to prepare for rotatably feeding by the grooved wheel. When the material is stirred downward by the rotating plate 111-12, the material is evenly spread along an axial direction of the rotating plate 111-12 and slides downward under the action of gravity again. The rotating plate III-12 is mainly to spread an unevenly spread material on the feeding plate III-11 along an axial direction of the rotating plate III-12. In order to prevent the material from being accumulated in a middle during the sliding, the feeding plate is divided into different regions by using the material dividing plate III-13 along a material flow direction, so that the stirred and conveyed material enters different divided sliding regions and falls on to the material conveying belt 11-1 9. The apparatus mainly spreads the material evenly on the material conveying belt 11-1 9, and conveys, when the grooved wheel 111-14 is rotated, the material to the material conveying belt 11-19 through the rotating plate 111-12 by using the intermittent rotation of the grooved wheel. Due to rotation of the material conveying belt 11-19, when the grooved wheel is rotated to feed the material again, a feeding speed of the material conveying belt 11-19 is adjusted to cause all of a last material is transported. Therefore, the material is continuously evenly spread on the material conveying belt 11-19. An inclination angle of the whole apparatus is 45°, ensuring that after the rotating plate 111-12 is rotated once, a next plate is horizontal, ensuring that the material falls on the plate and does not slide.

It should be noted that, under the inspiration of the working principle of the present invention, those skilled in the art replaces the electromagnetic coil with a heating apparatus in other forms, such as a resistance wire that directly contacts the material for heating. Such heating apparatus is characterized with high energy consumption, uneven heating, and easy heat loss, so that the material is directly burnt if not processed properly. Microwave heating in which the material is indirectly contacted destroys an internal structure of the heated material, increases loss of nutrients such as fat and protein, so that a resulting material has low nutrients. In addition, the microwave heating has a radiation effect, causing a health threat to an operator to a certain extent. The foregoing heating mechanism belongs to a simple replacement without making creative efforts, and should fall within the protection scope of the present invention. The electromagnetic heating mechanism of the present invention is the optimal solution.

By using the apparatus disclosed in the present invention, the walnut kernel is uniformly heated through electromagnetic heating and the conveyor belt, and the red skin thereof and the walnut kernel are deformed to different degrees and arc no longer closely attached. Through the ventilated cylinder mechanism, the red skin is completely separated from the walnut kernel. Under the action of the subsequent blowing cylinder, the peeled-off red skin is blown away, leaving only the final product-walnut kernel. In addition, the device of the present application can be used for peeling off and processing other materials, such as a peanut, an almond, and other thin-skinned nuts. An application scope of the device is expanded, and a practical value of the device is improved.

I5 The foregoing descriptions are merely preferred embodiments of this application but are not intended to limit this application. This application may include various modifications and changes for a person skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made without departing from the spirit and principle of this application shall fall within the protection scope of this application.

Claims (10)

1. CLAIMSWhat is claimed is: I. An intelligent device for separating a red skin from a walnut kernel through belt conveying and thermal radiation by using a principle of thermal expansion and cold contraction, comprising: an electromagnetic heating mechanism comprising a support frame, a conveying mechanism being disposed in the support frame, and an electromagnetic coil being disposed in a circumferential direction outside the support frame; and the conveying mechanism passing through the support frame to convey the walnut kernel into the support frame and out of the electromagnetic heating mechanism.
2. 2. The intelligent device for separating a red skin from a walnut kernel through belt conveying and thermal radiation by using a principle of thermal expansion and cold contraction according to claim 1, wherein a feeding mechanism is further disposed on one side of the conveying mechanism.
3. 3. The intelligent device for separating a red skin from a walnut kernel through belt conveying and thermal radiation by using a principle of thermal expansion and cold contraction according to claim 2, wherein the feeding mechanism comprises an inclined feeding plate, a rotating shaft with a material pushing groove being disposed in a middle of the feeding plate, the rotating shaft being connected to a grooved wheel disposed on a side of the feeding plate, and a plurality of material dividing plates being disposed at a lower half section of the feeding plate; or the material dividing plate being disposed along a length direction of the feeding plate, and a longitudinal section of the material dividing plate being a herringbone structure; and the rotating shaft being disposed in a width direction of the feeding plate.
4. 4. The intelligent device for separating a red skin from a walnut kernel through belt conveying and thermal radiation by using a principle of thermal expansion and cold contraction according to claim 1, wherein the electromagnetic heating mechanism is replaceable with a resistance heating mechanism.
5. 5. The intelligent device for separating a red skin from a walnut kernel through belt conveying and thermal radiation by using a principle of thermal expansion and cold contraction according to claim 1, wherein a longitudinal section of the support frame is ring-shaped, both sides of the support frame are supported by a support plate, and a radiant liner is disposed in the support frame, a heat insulation layer being disposed between the radiant liner and the electromagnetic coil; and ftirther, a heat insulation housing being disposed at an outer side of the electromagnetic coil.
6. 6. The intelligent device for separating a red skin from a walnut kernel through belt conveying and thermal radiation by using a principle of thermal expansion and cold contraction according to claim 5, wherein a temperature sensor is disposed in the radiant liner and is connected to a controller, the controller being separately connected to a control switch of the electromagnetic coil and the conveying mechanism; or a longitudinal section of the radiant liner is a rectangular ring.
7. 7. The intelligent device for separating a red skin from a walnut kemel through belt conveying and thermal radiation by using a principle of thermal expansion and cold contraction according to claim 1, wherein the conveying mechanism is a conveyor belt supported by conveying rollers provided on an upper support frame and a lower support frame, the conveying rollers being driven by a belt conveying component to rotate, a plurality of connecting rods be disposed between the upper support frame and the lower support frame for support, and the support frame being disposed around the upper support frame.
8. 8. The intelligent device for separating a red skin from a walnut kernel through belt conveying and thermal radiation by using a principle of thermal expansion and cold contraction according to claim 2, wherein the feeding mechanism comprises a rotatable indented cylinder, and a plurality of material receiving grooves are provided in a circumferential direction, a pin being disposed in each of the material receiving grooves, and a pushing element in contact with the pin being disposed in the indented cylinder, the pushing element being capable of pushing the pin to move along the material receiving groove, that is, to reciprocate along a radial direction of the indented cylinder.
9. 9. The intelligent device for separating a red skin from a walnut kernel through belt conveying and thermal radiation by using a principle of thermal expansion and cold contraction according to claim 8, wherein the pushing element comprises a rotating adjustment shaft disposed in the indented cylinder and disposed coaxially with the indented cylinder, an eccentric sleeve being disposed in a circumferential direction of the rotating adjustment shaft, and a positioning sleeve with a slider being disposed on a periphery of the rotating adjustment shaft, wherein the slider is in contact with the eccentric sleeve, and is in contact with a spring under a normal condition, the spring being connected to the pin, the indented cylinder being rotated to drive the pin and the spring to rotate around the positioning sleeve, and after the pin is rotated by a specific angle, the spring being in contact with the slider, and the slider pushing the pin with the spring out to push out materials in the material receiving groove; or a feeding box is disposed on a top of the indented cylinder, a bottom of the feeding box being hollow and being disposed above the indented cylinder or being fixedly connected to the indented cylinder.
10. 10. A continuous feeding mechanism, comprising: a rotary indented cylinder, a plurality of material receiving grooves being provided thereon in a circumferential direction, a pin being disposed in each of the plurality of material receiving grooves and being connected to a spring, the spring being disposed toward the inside of the indented cylinder, and the pin being capable of moving along the material receiving groove; a feeding box, a bottom of the feeding box being hollow and being provided above the indented cylinder or being fixedly connected to the indented cylinder; a positioning sleeve provided in the indented cylinder, a slider being disposed thereon; and a rotating adjustment shaft, an eccentric sleeve being disposed thereon in a circumferential direction, and the rotating adjustment shaft being provided in the positioning sleeve, wherein the slider is in contact with the eccentric sleeve, and is in contact with a spring under a normal condition, the indented cylinder being rotated to drive the pin and the spring to rotate around the positioning sleeve, and after the pin is rotated by a specific angle, the spring being in contact with the slider, and the slider pushing the pin with the spring out to push out materials in the material receiving groove.