GB1604829A

GB1604829A - Method of erecting building walls wall panel units building walls and buildings

Info

Publication number: GB1604829A
Application number: GB3363677A
Authority: GB
Original assignee: NELLEMANN OG PARTNERE AS N
Current assignee: NELLEMANN OG PARTNERE AS N
Priority date: 1977-08-11
Filing date: 1977-08-11
Publication date: 1981-12-16
Also published as: DK352378A

Description

(54) A METHOD OF ERECTING BUILDING WALLS, WALL PANEL UNITS, BUILDING WALLS, AND BUILDINGS (71) We, AKTIESELSKABET N. NELLE MANN OG PARTNERE, trading as NELLEMANN RADGIVENDE 1NGENIoRER, a Danish Com- pany of 11 Digtervejen, DK-9200 Aalborg SV, Denmark, do hereby declare the invention, for which we pray that a patent may be granted to us, and the method by which it is to be performed, to be particularly described in and by the following statement: The present invention relates to a method of erecting building walls, to wall panels, to building walls and to buildings.

Within traditional prefabricated wall buildings, the most predominant practice is that wall panel units of concrete with reinforcement and, if desired, with embedded insulation are manufactured in a factory whereupon the finished units are transported to the various building sites and erected in their final positions of use. This conven tional method has the well-known advantage that the construction and concreting of the units may be standardized and rationalized to a high degree, since the manufacture takes place in a factory.

However, the fact that the finished and relatively heavy concrete prefabricated elements have to be transported from the fac tory to the building site will necessitate heavy and rather expensive transportation and handling equipment, such as lorries or .trucks and crane equipment, not only for loading and unloading the units, but also for their erection on the building sites. This transport is, consequently, a considerably complicating and cost-increasing factor within conventional prefabricated buildings, especially when the transport has to take place over long distances.

It is the object of the present invention to provide an improved method of wall building, and an improved wall panel unit for the erection of buildings, and by which difficulties and costs involved by the transportation and handling of the elements may be minimized.

According to the invention there is provided a method of erecting building walls comprising the steps of transporting prefabricated wall panel units to a building site, each unit including a frame supporting or framing at least one panel and having separate plaster tie means at least one one side of the unit; erecting the wall panel units on site in their final positions of use; and - plying plaster to the side or sides of the erected wall panels units to such an extent as to form a plaster layer thereon embedding and retained by the tie means.

The invention also provides a wall constructed by the method as aforesaid.

Furthermore, the invention provides a prefabricated wall panel unit for use in erecting building walls on site and comprising a frame supporting or framing at least one panel therein, and separate plaster tie means carried on at least one side of the unit whereby, when the unit is erected in its filial position of use on site, the unit presents at said at least one side a surface in front af which are tie means though which plaster may be sprayed to build up a layer of plaster on said side embedding and retained by said tie means.

Finally, the invention relates to a building and/or a wall structure including building units according to the invention.

In the following, the invention is explained in more detail with reference to the drawing showing two embodiments, and in which: Figure 1 is a perspective and partly ex- ploded view of a section of a wall erected according to the invention and using panel units according to a first embodiment of the invention; Figure 2 is an illustration on a larger scale of a horizontal section though a wall panel unit as that shown in Figure 1; and Figure 3 is an illustration of a horizontal section corresponding to that of in Figure 2, but taken through a wall section having a plaster layer on each side, and including wall panels according to a second embo & ment of the invention.

The section of wall shown in figure 1 com- prises three panel units 2, 4 and 6, accord- ing to the invention. Each of these units includes a frame structure having at least a lower beam 7, two side beams 8 and an upper beam 9. These beams are rigidly connected at the corners to form a rectangular outer frame which, if desired, may include one or more cross beams 10.

This frame structure is the load bearing element of the panel unit according to the invention and as shown in Figure 1, truss rafter or the like may be mounted directly on the upper beam of the frame structure, or additional panel units may be erected on top of the shown elements, 2, 4 and 6. The frame structure is, preferably, a welded steel structure in which the length of the side beams preferably corresponds to the usual wall height in one storey buildings.

The interior of the frame structure is filled up with blanking panels 12, preferably consisting of insulating material, such as mineral wool bats framed by the structure.

For this purpose, the beams of the frame structure are preferably U-section beams in which the edges of the panels are inserted and secured. Besides, U-sections are well suited because of their rigidity and the possibility of forming rigid corner joints without special stiffening measures. The lower beam 7 and/or the upper beam 9 of the frame structure may, however, have other sections, e.g. with a view to securement to other parts in a building, or in order to simplify the insertion of panels.

On one side (the inner side) of the building elements in Figure 1, anchoring bars 14, preferably in the shape of round iron, are provided, arranged across the building element and spaced from the surface of the insulation panels 12, e.g. as illustrated in Figures 2 and 3. These bars 14 serve as the tie or keying means for a plaster layer 18 which according to the invention is applied to the building panel units after the erection thereof, preferably by spraying.

Furthermore, the bars 14 may be combined with a net 16 arranged across the frame structure. The net 16, may, in addition, be spot connected to the transverse bars 14 and the net may be a wire netting or expanded metal.

When carrying out the method according to the invention, the wall panels are manufactured in a factory, i.e. the frame structure with the insulation panels 12 inserted and provided with the tie means 14 and the net 16. Such panels units are then transported to the place of use where they are erected in the final position of use. Thereafter, a plaster layer 18 is applied in such a thickness that the tie means comprising bars 14 and the net 16 is completely embedded therein.

The application of plaster is, preferably performed by spraying mortar of a suitable consistency, and the net 16, in particular, serves to retain the mortar until it has hardened sufficiently. Conscquently ,the net 16 should have such a mesh size which allows the mortar to be sprayed through the net during the building up of the mortar layer.

The mortar or plaster layer may, however, also be applied manually.

After the hardening, the transverse bars 14 and the net 16 serve to support and reinforce the motor or plaster layer 18.

In connection with the invention, cement mortar is most appropriate, since lime mortar may give rise to corrosion of the steel portions of the building element. In connection with the invention, other plaster layer materials, such as concrete, gypsum or clay may, however, also be used.

In the embodiment of Figures 1 and 2 only one side of the panel unit is provided with a plaster layer 18, whereas the other side--i.e.. generally the outer side-is covered with cladding plates 20, e.g. corrugated aluminium plates. Such cladding plates may be secured directly to the beams and/or the cross beams 10 in the frame structure which may, however, also be provided with special anchoring means for such cladding plates. As illustrated in Figure 3, a wall section or a building may, however, also be provided with a plaster layer 22 on the outer side, and in this case the panel units 2, 4, and 6 are provided with supporting members on both sides as shown in Figure 3.

The plaster layers 18 and 22 may be applied as continuous surfaces, i.e. across the joints between adjacent building elements, or the layers may be applied separately to the individual panel units. In the latter case, sealing means may be inserted in the joints between the panel units as indicated in Figures 2 and 3. Flexible joint sealing means are preferred, in particular if large temperature fluctuations occur.

If necessary, the transverse bars 14 may be supplemented or combined with longitudinal bars 15, e.g. as indicated in Figure 3.

The panel units according to the invention may be provided with window and door frames or apertures to receive window and door frames.

By using the building technique of the invention, considerably less difficulties and costs in connection with transportation, handling and final erection of the building elements are obtained. Thus, the panel units can be manufactured industrially with the panels 12 inserted and the tie means 14, 16 mounted. These lighweight, portable units can then be transported over even very long distances, and the transport costs per unit are low.

The panel units of the invention may be handled and erected manually on the building site and, in fact, there is no need for special auxiliary equipment such as cranes on the building sites.

Furthermore, the erection of the panel units and the application of the cover layers, i.e. the spraying of the plaster layers 18 and 22 or the mounting of the cladding layer 20, may be executed by a minimum of skilled labour.

On the whole, the building technique of the invention is consequently well-suited for use in connection with house building in developing countries, as the panel units themselves may be manufactured rationally in an industrial country having the necessary facilities. Because of the low weight of the units, they may thereafter be transported even very far away without the carrying charges being economically unjustifiable. On the building sites the units may be erected and the buildings finished almost exclusively by use of local manpower.

WHAT WE CLAIM IS:- 1. A method of erecting building walls comprising the steps of transporting prefabricated wall panel units to a building site, each unit including a frame supporting or framing at least one panel and having separate plaster tie means at least on one side of the unit; erecting the wall panel units on site in their final positions of use; and applying plaster to the side or sides of the erected wall panel units to such an extent as to form a plaster layer thereon embedding and retained by the tie means.

2. A method according to Claim 1 wherein the plaster is applied by spraying.

3. A method according to Claim 1 or Claim 2 wherein wall panel units having plaster tie means on only one side are used, the other side being provided with cladding plate means.

4. A method of erecting building walls according to Claim 1 and substantially as herebefore described with reference to the accompanying drawings.

5. A building wall constructed in accordance with any one of Claims 1 to 4.

6. A prefabricated wall panel unit for use in erecting building walls on site and comprising a frame supporting or framing at least one panel therein, and separate plaster tie means carried on at least one side of the unit whereby, when the unit is erected in its final position of use on site, the unit presents at said at least one side a surface in front of which are ties means through which plaster may be sprayed to build up a layer of plaster on said side embedding and retained by said tie means.

7. A panel unit according to Claim 6 wherein the frame comprises two side bars, a top bar and lower bar, the side bars being U-sectioned and receiving the edges of said at least one panel.

8. A panel unit according to Claim 6 or Claim 7 wherein the tie means comprise bars extending from side to side of the frame.

9. A panel unit according to Claim 8, wherein the said bars are spaced from said at least one panel.

10. A panel unit according to Claim 8 or Claim 9 wherein the tie means includes a net structure located over and supported by the said bars.

11. A panel unit substantially as hereinbefore described with reference to Figs. 1 and 2 or Fig. 3 of the accompanying drawings.

12. A building wall including prefabricated wall panel units according to any one of Claims 6 to 11.

13. A building including a wall according to Claim 12.

**WARNING** end of DESC field may overlap start of CLMS **.

Claims

**WARNING** start of CLMS field may overlap end of DESC **. special auxiliary equipment such as cranes on the building sites. Furthermore, the erection of the panel units and the application of the cover layers, i.e. the spraying of the plaster layers 18 and 22 or the mounting of the cladding layer 20, may be executed by a minimum of skilled labour. On the whole, the building technique of the invention is consequently well-suited for use in connection with house building in developing countries, as the panel units themselves may be manufactured rationally in an industrial country having the necessary facilities. Because of the low weight of the units, they may thereafter be transported even very far away without the carrying charges being economically unjustifiable. On the building sites the units may be erected and the buildings finished almost exclusively by use of local manpower. WHAT WE CLAIM IS:-

1. A method of erecting building walls comprising the steps of transporting prefabricated wall panel units to a building site, each unit including a frame supporting or framing at least one panel and having separate plaster tie means at least on one side of the unit; erecting the wall panel units on site in their final positions of use; and applying plaster to the side or sides of the erected wall panel units to such an extent as to form a plaster layer thereon embedding and retained by the tie means.

2. A method according to Claim 1 wherein the plaster is applied by spraying.

5. A building wall constructed in accordance with any one of Claims 1 to 4.

13. A building including a wall according to Claim 12.