EP0051592A1

EP0051592A1 - Building.

Info

Publication number: EP0051592A1
Application number: EP81900296A
Authority: EP
Inventors: Ake Knutsson
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 1980-01-25
Filing date: 1981-01-26
Publication date: 1982-05-19
Also published as: AU6708081A; FI820646L; AU553760B2; NO813269L; SE440674B; EP0051592B1; FI69674B; FI69674C; CH662849A5; NL8120014A; GB2089395A; IT1221478B; SE440674C; IT8247640A0; GB2089395B; SE8000599L; DK424481A; WO1981002175A1; JPS57500158A; BR8108695A

Abstract

Procede de construction d'un batiment possedant de bonnes caracteristiques d'isolation. Le batiment est construit sur une base (2) et se compose d'un cadre (1) comprenant des montants (3) de paroi metalliques, composes de preference de profiles d'acier, et de panneaux de paroi (4), disposes entre les montants de paroi et fabriques en un materiau plastique possedant de bonnes caracteristiques d'isolation contre la chaleur et le froid, le materiau plastique etant compose de preference de mousse plastique, telle que du polyurethane. Sur le cadre (1) est dispose un systeme de solives fabrique en un materiau correspondant et eventuellement d'autres panneaux de paroi pour la construction d'un premier etage, une charpente et une toiture. Le panneaux de paroi (4) entourent les montants de paroi (3) et panneaux de paroi indiquent l'epaisseur necessaire de la paroi et forment la capacite d'isolation necessaire, ainsi que le systeme de solives. Les montants de paroi (3) sont ancrees a la base (2) et sont entourees par les panneaux de paroi sur toute leur longueur. Les parois elevees de cette facon sont disposees de maniere a definir une ou plusieurs salles, qui sont couvertes avec un systeme de solives en forme de panneau. Une charpente est disposee sur les montants de paroi ou sur le systeme de solives. Le systeme de solives repose sur le cadre et est accroche a celui-ci par des dispositifs de blocage (16, 28) ou (77, 78) ce qui permet de rigidifier le cadre. Le cadre peut aussi etre rigidifie par des barres de connexion boulonnees (87, 89) disposees dans la charpente ou dans le systeme de solives.Method of constructing a building having good insulation characteristics. The building is constructed on a base (2) and consists of a frame (1) comprising uprights (3) of metal wall, preferably composed of steel profiles, and wall panels (4), arranged between the wall studs and made of a plastic material having good characteristics of insulation against heat and cold, the plastic material preferably being composed of plastic foam, such as polyurethane. On the frame (1) is a system of joists made of a corresponding material and possibly other wall panels for the construction of a first floor, a frame and a roof. The wall panels (4) surround the wall studs (3) and wall panels indicate the necessary thickness of the wall and form the necessary insulation capacity, as well as the joist system. The wall uprights (3) are anchored to the base (2) and are surrounded by the wall panels over their entire length. The high walls in this way are arranged to define one or more rooms, which are covered with a system of panel-shaped joists. A frame is placed on the wall studs or on the joist system. The joist system rests on the frame and is attached to it by blocking devices (16, 28) or (77, 78) which makes it possible to stiffen the frame. The frame can also be stiffened by bolted connection bars (87, 89) arranged in the frame or in the joist system.

Description

PROCEDURETO RAISEABUILDINGANDANARRANGEMENT CARRYINGOUTTHEPROCEDURE

Technical field:

The invention submitted relates to a procedure for producing a well insulated building where the building is raised upon a foundation. The foundation can hereby consist of a base of e.g. reinforced concrete, a cellar or a system of joists, plinths or other permanent base.

Background:

There is a need for a building which in a conclusive manner insulates the inner space from external temperature. There is also a further need to be able to reduce the cost of a building and of course even to reduce the now heavy cost of raising and erecting a building. It is well known how one tries to meet the requirements specified when building today where one, to achieve better insulation, applies additional insulation to the building or increases the thickness of the insulation material. Furthermore even mechanical devices are often utilized nowadays for heat recovery.

Technical problems: These measures naturally cannot reduce the cost of a building and neither of course the cost of the building process, which must therefore be considered as having become more complicated despite increased prefabrication of building sections. If one has to any great extent succeeded in meeting the demands for the insulation and sealing of buildings, one has instead, after utilizing the buildings a while, got other problems such as rot and mildew, especially in buildings of wooden construction, which in turn give heavy restoration costs such as for the replacement of windows and doors and even wall beams and wall panels. Despite increased efforts with the insulation and sealing of buildings it has in fact been shown that the buildings are often surprisingly badly sealed, which depends upon the material in the buildings and is accentuated by short building times with immediate use of the buildings after they are raised and also often due to the buildings being erected during the wrong time cf the year. With regard to the present development within the building industry one must perhaps realize that the material used in buildings is the decisive problem. Here one thinks mainly of wooden members such as wooden beams, wood fibre panels and buildings constructed of other living materials. In order to avoid these problems and meet the requirements specified a ne way of thinking as regards the erection of buildings is apparently necessary.

The solution:

The procedure in accordance with the invention submitted removes however the inconveniences with known types of buildings whilst at the same time meeting the requirements specified. Thus one starts from the principle of achieving structural precision. Furthermore the building can be raised and erected in a simple manner and in such short time that the cost of raising the building can be considerably reduced. In addition the building is so simple to raise that it can be done by anybody, this being also facilitated by the low weight of the structural parts of the building, requiring only the use of manual labour. Here it is also important that the framework of the building can be raised without the use of any tools or complicated devices whatsoever, and the raising of ^"•^■> the rest of the building is achieved with the aid of uncomplicated tools. The most important thing with this procedure in accordance with the invention is perhaps that the building structure is designed with other materials than wood or wood based building materials. Instead a material with high insulation properties is used extensively, and for certain structural parts of the building a material with low or almost no conductive ability. This in combination with the ability of erecting the building with the materials in question, designed in such a manner that the inner space will be tightly sealed and that heat loss by conduction can be avoided, is basic for the invention. The supporting structure furthermore is

, -, I designed with strong material having a low coefficient of thermal expansion. The procedure in accordance with the invention is characterized by the beams, such as wall beams being made in metal, preferably in the form of steel profiles or steel joists and that the wall panels, which are situated between the wall beams, are of a plastic material giving good insulation against both heat and cold and consisting mainly of aerated plastic such as polyuret ane, and the wall beams are anchored to the foundation and are enclosed longitudinally by the wall panels, and the walls raised in this manner can be made to surround one or several inner spaces which are covered with a system of joists made of plastic material giving good insulation, and the roof trusses are attached to the wall beams or the system of joists by securing devices. In certain cases when the building is to include a first floor the procedure is further characterized by gables, standing sections, pitched roof sections and/or ceiling sections or at least those parts of gables and named sections which will face toward insulated spaces, are made of plastic material giving good insulation and to which gables and sections are connected with each other and surround the arrangement of roof trusses or those parts of the roof trusses which face toward the insulated inner space. Another characteristic for the procedure in accordance with the invention is that the roof trusses and other parts of the supporting structure, and which are at least adjacent to the insulated inner space, are made of metal such as steel and preferably in the form of steel profiles. A further characteristic for the procedure in accordance with the invention is that the necessary thickness of the walls adjacent to the insulated inner space and the necessary insulation of the building is achieved by means of the wall panels, gables and preferably even the joist systems which are made of plastic material and/or, where applicable building sections which surround the insulated inner space of the building's first floor.

The invention submitted applies for the carrying out of the procedure where the building is intended to be built upon a foundation such as a base, a celler or similar and the buildi consists hereby of a framework with walls, windows, doors, ventilators and other wall openings for a ground floor, ceili roof trusses and roof and where applicable joist systems, standing blocks, pitched roof, hatches and roof openings, windows, doors for a first floor plus necessary insulation material. The building is characterized by the framework and walls having metal wall beams and plastic wall panels in whic the wall beams are designed with anchoring devices for anchoring to a sill attached to the foundation, or another securing and controlling device, and that the wall panel is designed to enclose the wall beams longitudinally and to determine the necessary wall thickness and provide the necessary insulation, that a joist system, roof or equivalent is mounted upon the wall panels and arranged for attachment to the attaching device on the wall panels or secured to the wall beams with a hooking device, and including the necessary insulation, plus that in the joist systems is arranged lower frames or in the roof trusses, that the wall beams in at least two opposite walls are designed with protuding securing devices for securing the roof trusses, or that the roof trusse are secured to the joist systems. In those cases where the building is to have a first floor the building is further characterized by the inner space of the first floor being surrounded by gables, panels, sections and floor of plastic material, wherewith gables, panels and sections comprise the necessary insulation and gables, panels and sections provide the necessary wall thickness and ceiling thickness, and are designed to be able to surround adjacent roof truss parts.

That which especially characterizes the building in accordance with the invention is that the framework supports the joist system blocks with securing device stabilizes the framework and the tie bars in the joist system blocks brace the framework and the building, whereby one utilizes the tie bar technique and lamination effect in the framework, joist system and roof which together provide support. Another new idea in the building in accordance with the invention is that the building is firmly secured from the foundation up to the highest part of the building or roof nock, whereby the tie bar principle is utilized.

Brief description of drawings:

Further characteristics for and advantages with the procedure and arrangements in accordance with the invention will be apparent from the following description of the invention, whereby at the same time reference will be made to the appended diagrammatic drawings of which Fig. 1 shows diagrammatically and in perspective a building framework. Fig. 2 shows partly in enlarged scale the upper portion of a wall according to section A-A in Fig. 1 and partly a lower portion of a wall according to section B-B in Fig. 1. Fig. 3 shows a portion of a wall according to section C-C in Fig. 1 and a corner portion of a building according to section D-D in Fig. 1. Fig. 4 shows a cross-section through a joist system according to section E-E in Fig. 2. Fig. 5 shows a perspective view of a portion of a wall beam and a sill prior to securing of the wall beam. Fig. 6 shows a wall beam and a sill when anchoring the wall beam to the sill. Fig. 7 shows a perspective view of an upper portion of a wall beam and parts of a capping plate prior to attachment and fixing of the capping plate. Fig. 8 shows a perspective view of an upper portion of a wall prior to mounting a joist system or ceiling. Fig. 9 shows a perspective view according to Fig. 8 with the mounted joist system or ceiling. Fig. 10 shows a cross-section of part of a building with building panels and building sections shaded. Fig. 11 shows in enlarged scale part of a building section according to section F-F in Fig. 10. Fig. 12 shows diagrammatically part of an eave according . to section G-G in Fig. 10. Fig. 13 shows a cross-section through part of a building with building panels and sections. Fig. 14 shows part of a partially raised building. Fig. 15 shows part of a foundation on which a framework is raised. Fig. 16 shows in enlarged scale part of a wall beam. Fig. 17 shows in enlarged scale part of a wall beam and a sill prior to fitting of the wall beam to the sill. Fig. 18 shows in enlarged scale part of a hooking device. Figs.

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OMPI \ / V/IPO 19 - 20 show in vertical section part of a building. Fig. 22 shows in horizontal section part of a framework. Fig. 23 shows a perspective view of a framework and joist system. Fig. 24 shows a perspective view of part of an intermediate supporting wall. Fig. 25 shows a roof truss and in perspectiv roof truss details. Fig. 26 shows part of a roof section, ceiling section, wall section and floor or joist section. Fig. 27 shows a roof truss from the side. Fig. 28 shows part of a tie bar. Fig. 29 shows part of a roof truss. Fig. 30 shows a light wall beam.

Mode of carrying out the invention:

Reference 1 in Fig. 1 indicates a building framework where th framework is raised upon a foundation 2 consisting of e.g. a base of reinforced concrete, a cellar, a system of cellar joists, plinths or similar. The framework consists of wall panels 4 and flanking wall beams 3 which can be arranged in front of a thickened part 14 of the wall panel, wall beams 3 in two opposite wall sections of the building can have anchoring devices 13 for anchoring the roof trusses 10, see also Figs 2 and 14. The anchoring device 13 can consist of flanges arranged in pairs with e.g. a hole 33 for fixing the anchoring device.

Wall beams 3 are made of metal, mainly in the form of steel profiles or steel joists, while the wall panels 4 are made of plastic material giving good insulation from both heat and cold, and consisting mainly of aerated plastic such as polyurethane. The wall panels can be provided with windows, doors, ventilators, ventilation channels and other wall openings as required.

Wall beams 3 are intended for anchoring in foundation 2 for this purpose the foundation has sills 7 or similar device As the building and its structural sections are precision designed and optimally prefabricated, it is important that si 7 has a secure anchorage and correct position upon the foundation. Therefore foundation 2 is provided with plates of

Q1 e.g. steel which are moulded into the foundation, see also Fig. 10. The sill 7 is hereby secured to foundation 2 by welding to the moulded-in steel plates.

5 Figs. 15, 16 and 19 show that sill 7 has ears 61. With foundations of croft, cellar or bottom plate type on the ground with a base layer of insulation material the sill has tie irons as shown for moulding into the concrete 63. The bottom section 65 also shows a tie iron 64 moulded into the

10 concrete 63. A wall beam 66 can be arranged as reinforcement against wind loading and external pressures. When moulding, the ears 61 hold the sill in position while the concrete sets. The ears can be secured with pins, nails, bolts or the equivalent 67. If a base with insulation underneath is

15 utilized, or during cold weather, sill 7 can be secured bolts or the equivalent through the ears.

Sill 7 for intermediate supporting wall 44 can be attached to the foundation in a similar manner, see Figs. 21 and 24.

20. Bottom connecting section 65 is anchored with tie irons 64 to the concrete 63 and can be hooked into the reinforcement 68 in foundation 2. Sill 7 here consists of a horizontal U-profile possibly with ears 61. The wall beams have a groove or recess 69 and can be slid onto the sill to lie against the adjacent

25 wall panel 3 and into its groove 70, then the next wall panel with a groove is fitted into the wall beam and made to enclose the wall beam.

Fig. 20 shows the joining of bottom section 65 and an 30 intermediate wall 71. Herewith two Y-shaped plates 72 are attached to the joint and e.g. V-shaped tie irons 73 are inserted through joint section 72 and moulded into the concrete.

Fig. 17 shows that wall beams 3 can be provided with protruding 5 ears 75 with which the wall beam can be anchored to the sill 7.

With further reference to Fig. 5 is seen the shape of the lower part of a wall beam 3 and a sill 7. The wall beam has an aperture 23 so that it can be placed astride the sill. Furthermore there is shown an anchoring device 25 on the wall beam in the form of a hook which is intended to enter the hol 27 in the sill. To facilitate hooking-in of the wall beam its lower edge is rounded off, see reference 26. By means of this design the wall beam can be anchored to the foundation withou the aid of tools. The hook is entered into the sill by leanin the wall beam toward the sill and thereafter raising it again a previously positioned adjacent wall panel which the wall be is to secure. For locking the wall beam the hook can have an upright tongue 31 which is inserted into another hole 29 in the sill.

Wall panel 4 situated between two wall beams 3 shows a recess in the joint edge of the wall panel 15 whereby two adjacent wall panels are arranged to enclose a wall beam longitudinall see Figs. 3, 14, 15 and 22. Furthermore the lower edge of the wall shows an aperture 24, see Figs. 10 and 21, whereby the wall panel can sit astride the sill 7. To ensure sealing between the lower edge of the wall panel and the foundation, sealing strip 51 of e.g. aerated plastic can be placed on eac side of the sill prior to mounting the wall beam. As can be seen in Fig. 2 a space 52 arises between the inner surface of wall panel and the foundation. This space can be filled with e.g. sealing compound of polyester or similar material and ca be carried out e.g. in connection with floor levelling. Reference 53 shows diagrammatically that the foundation can b provided with heating coils.

The upper edge of wall panel 4 shows a recess 18, see Figs. 8, 14 and 15, for receiving capping plate 8 or hooking device 74. With further reference to Fig. 7 can be seen that capping pla 8 is arranged for connection with other adjacent or closely situated wall beams by means of the aperture or hole 30 as shown. The ends of capping plate 8 are connected by insertion into openings 30 and are locked together with locking pin 32, in the form of a schackle, which is entered into holes 36, apertures similar arrangements in the capping plates. As can be seen in Fig. 7 wall beam 3 has no anchoring device i.e this wall beam is intended for use in a wall not having roof trusses raised upon it.

The capping plate also shows attaching device 28 e.g. consisting of a hole whereby the attaching device is intended for attachment of a joist system 6 or ceiling to the framework. The joist system 6 or ceiling are mainly designed as joist system blocks and consist of plastic material giving good insulation prefereably of the same type as for wall panels 4. Joist sytems 6 are therefore provided with protruding pins 16, see Fig.2, for location of the block and with which the pins are brought into engagement with the attaching device 28 when mounting the block so that it rests on the free edge of the framework and inner supporting walls 44 where such are available, see Fig.13. The spine wall has a similar connection where the two locating pins meet. The joist system rigidifies the framework 1.

With reference to Figs. 14 and 15, a hooking device 74 can be arranged in the upper edge recess 18 in the wall panel 4,. see also Fig. 18. The hooking device reaches into the recess 18 between two adjacent wall beams 3 to hook into the wall beams. A hooking device 45, see Fig. 14, is arranged at the corner of the building to reach from the adjacent wall beam in the^"first wall and around the connecting wall panel in the other wall.

In Fig. 23 is shown how a joist system block 6 is connected to a wall beam 3 or to wall beam 3 when a roof truss 10 is. not to be attached to a wall beam with flanges 13. A hook 77 is hereby utilized preferably shaped as a figure 5. One end of the hook is entered into an aperture 78 in the wall beam and is then folded back against and around the joist system block and is thereafter secured with a pin 79, a hook, bent and punched out of hook material or some similar device. The joist system is anchored via hook, wall beam and sill to the foundation. In the joist system a groove 76 is provided into which is fitted a male joist 9 or base part of a roof truss, after the roof section has been arranged. Thereafter a new joist system bloc is arranged with a groove connecting to the roof truss, and comprising the male joist of the roof truss, between the jois system block. New roof sections with grooves are arranged connecting to the remaining roof truss parts and enclose the roof trusses between the roof sections. A tie bar 87 is inserted into the base of the roof truss 9, male joist and holds the roof truss strongly together.

Refering to Figs. 25 and 27 which show a roof truss and roof section plus the aforementioned tie bar. By means of roof tru sections 81 - 85 and connecting plate 86, roof truss 10 is erected and strongly secured with tie bar 87, whereby the roo truss and roof is made rigid. Tie bar 87 reaches in through the male joist 9 in roof truss 10 and with the aid of anchor plate 88 and nuts 89 is drawn tight and holds the roof truss and roof section securely.

Roof trusses 10 or roof sections 81 - 85 can in general consi of thin plate with reinforcing plates 90. Wall beams 91 in intermediate walls can instead consist of U or Z shaped metal profiles covered with some other material e.g. block units of plastic material as previously mentioned. Hereby is achieved rational superstructure with gables and roof section 80 which can be produced with both inside and outside surfaces ready for use i.e. the outside weather resistant and the inside e.g. as a ready painted ceiling.

For flat roofs, roof trusses 10 or male joists 9 can be attached with flanges 13 protruding from wall beams 3.

In Fig. 3 is shown a corner pillar 5 which is connected to an adjacent wall panel 4 and wall beams 3. The free upper edge of the corner pillar in the framework is provided with a plate 56 having a locking function.

In Fig. 4 is shown a cross-section through two erected joist systems 6 according to section E-E in Fig. 2, and it can be

^OM ^v1P seen here that the block hasa recess against the adjacent block which, when both blocks are placed together for a recess 19 toward the inner space, see also Fig. 9. In this recess is fitted the lower frame 9 of a roof truss 10. For mounting the lower frame the recess can be filled with e.g. polyurethane compound or some other compound after which the frame is placed in the recess. Lower frame 9 locks the joist system block 6. Furthermore the lower frame holds the opposite outer walls or parallel situated walls mutually secured i.e. the lower frame locks the walls in the framework 1, see arrows 11 in Fig. 1.

The aforementioned sills 7, capping plates 8, lower frames 9 and roof trusses 10 are made of metal e.g. metal profiles such as square steel profiles. As previously stated wall beams 3 can also be produced in square profiles.

The inner space of the frist floor of a building is surrounded by joist systems, gables, pitched roof sections, standing block sections and/or ceiling sections, or at least of those parts of gables and sections which face toward and limit the insulated inner space 40, see e.g. Fig. 13. Gables, blocks and sections are therefore made of plastic material giving good insulation, preferably of the sort of which the aforementioned wall sections and joist system blocks are made of. The necessary thickness and the necessary insulation of the building is achieved by means of plastic wall panels 3 and preferably where applicable joist system blocks 6 and preferably where applicable gables and even for first floors in buildings with arrangements of standing block sections 37, pitched roof sections 38 and ceiling sections 39. These blocks, gables and sections are self-supporting by means of which the required sealing and insulation is obtained due to the material properties and its low conductive ability. In addition the blocks, gables and sections give the necessary wall and roof thicknesses and therefore can e.g. wall panels 3 and even joist system blocks 6, on one or both sides, be produced in material with an external wall surface or an inner wall surface e.g. a ceiling or floor surface with suitable shape or pattern. The surfaces of blocks, gables and sections can therefore be produced in finished condition and can thereby be designed so that they are ready for painting, wallpapering etc. or presen a complete decorated surface. This can be achieved by produci them in a single moulded material which in itself, through choice of material, contains the necessary properties. Due to the self-supporting design a large choice is obtained for planning inner spaces and herewith can be mentioned that inne supporting walls 44 and other inner walls with free positioni possibilities can be produced in the aforementioned plastic material, but here one does not need to take into considerati insulation when dimensioning the inner walls. As a further example can be seen in Fig. 3 that corner pillar 5 is provide with decorations 55.

A supporting inner wall 44 can be arranged in the building wi positioning priority for the support of joist systems 6. For the erection of other inner walls 71 the ceiling can be provided with e.g. a border, a pipe or other similar items whereby the upper edge of the intermediate wall has an equivalent recess 47 which straddles the ceiling border.

Gables and sections in the building's first floor are designe toenclose surrounding and adjacent roof truss parts or at leas to enclose those parts of roof trusses which face the insulat inner space 40. Therefore where blocks and sections occur for limiting the inner space of the building's first floor, they are designed with block joint edges for receiving or enclosin connecting parts of roof trusses. In those cases where gables, and gables together with connecting blocks and sections, aris they have a recess 76 for receiving connecting roof trusses i.e. at that side of gables which face the inner space there are recesses for receiving at least those parts of roof truss bordering onto the insulated inner space. Gables and building sections on the first floor of the building can even be provided with doors, windows, ventilation channels,ventilators hatches, attic windows and other items which are directly

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joint. Otherwise the last wall panel can be connected to the last wall beam and the first wall beam with a hooking device. Walls thus raised and any eventual inner walls are provided with capping plates or hooking devices, and joist system bloc are positioned and engaged with walls or wall beams and rest upon the walls, and where applicable on the free edges of inner supporting walls.

In those cases where the building is to have a first floor a first roof truss and a first gable are erected for connection to the roof truss or at least to parts of the roof truss. The joist system or floor is provided with guide strips, if such are missing, where the inner space of the first floor is to have standing blocks, it is connected to the gable or at least part of the roof truss. Where applicable pitched roof sections and ceiling sections are erected against standing block sections connected to the gable and erected roof truss, which hereby at least partly borders the inner space surrounded by gables and sections. Hereafter is erected a second roof truss connected to the aforementioned sections etc. in order to complete erection of the first floor's inner space with connection of the other gable section to the last erected roof truss.

Raising of the roof and roof trusses for a gable roof is preferably done as previously described with roof truss parts 81 - 86, roof sections 80 and tie bars 87.

In accordance with a special procedure the ceiling sections, pitched roof sections, or ceilings and pitched roof sections connected to standing blocks are erected with a first block edge joint connected to an erected roof truss whereafter the ceiling or pitched roof section is anchored to the roof truss or, by means of a connecting device brought into connection withthe erected gable, roof truss and section. When utilizing such connecting devices a simple tool can be necessary.

When erecting a particular roof, its roof sections can be made

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<_- ty .. WW11PP of the plastic insulating material in question as also the nock tiles.

Industrial applicability: When calculating and preparing a trial project for a two floor private house a concrete foundation was chosen. The thickness of the wall sections was 150 mm made of polyurethane with ?-= 0.017, Mi + Mu = 0.20, Kw = 0.13. The foundation was provided with a thin levelling of cement and was laid upon a 70 mm thick ground layer of mineral wool. The joist system block had a rigidifying effect due to the protruding pins which engage with the capping plate. The block was of polyurethane with a thickness of 300 mm and ^*λ.= 0.017, Mi + Mu = 0.3, Kw = 0.06. The walls against the pitched roof and male joist system had a thickness and other properties similar to the aforementioned joist block system. The trial project has shown that it is hardly necessary with any extra additional heating as the insulation and sealing are so good that one should only require a heating source to give additional heat during extreme weather conditions. The building is designed for mechanical ventilation. By utilization of a recovery unit it should be possible to meet the entire heating requirement.

When using the building in accordance with the invention in countries with warm climates, a pleasant and normal inner temperature is obtainable in a simple manner with less energy consumption for the addition of cold air to the inner space of the building.

Without exceeding the invention principles, modifications to the procedure and devices should, in accordance with the invention, be possible. Thus the building can have other designs, size, floor layout and roof angle and other roofs. It is also possible from other view points than that shown and described to complement the building structure with several floors. Wall beams and other supporting parts of the framework can be included in wall panels and sections thereby constituting a reinforcement or a framework which can be

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° moulded into the blocks and sections and as regards wall panels here the framework can here protrude from the lower an upper edges of the wall panels for anchorage tp a foundation or to permit continuation of the building above the ground floor. The building is initially intended to maintain existing module dimensions for buildings and as an example it can be advised that roof trusses are restricted to 1200 mm. There is therefore no reason to deviate from existing buildin standards as regards dimensions, strength, insulation and sealing. The foundation itself can be of any suitable type an can consist e.g. of blocks filled with concrete. Likewise the floor on the foundation or cellar joist system can utilize sections made in the plastic material in question, produced with desired pattern and ornamentation. There is however free choice in the utilization of other floor, roof and wall coverings as also with the surfaces of panels, plates, wallpaper, paint etc. If special external facades are required e.g. as shown in Figs. 10, 19 and 22 reference 57, a brick wal can be built, preferably with a ventilating air space between the facade and the framework. The air space can hereby be 20 m whilst the brick facade can have a thickness of e.g. 120 mm. The foundation can even be provided with an edge insulation 12 e.g. of lightweight concrete with a thickness of 100 mm. Even other roof and roof coverings can of course be utilized, but i accordance with the procedure example the roof must be provide with roof sections of the plastic material in question. Here a air space 59 is arranged between the roof and the pitched roof In Fig. 13 is shown a securing device or equivalent e.g. in th form of a hole passing through the roof and sections for anchoring, or a connecting device for diametral connection of the upper part of the building or gables and intermediately situated building sections. Thus the invention is not limited to that which is apparent from the procedure example but only by the following patent claims.

Claims

Patent claims:

1. The procedure for producing a well insulated building raised upon a foundation, and characterized by metal wall beams (3) consisting preferably of steel profiles or joists, and that the wall panels (4) which are situated between the wall beams are made of plastic material giving good insulation, preferably of aerated plastic such as polyurethane, and that the wall beams are anchored to the foundation (2) and enclosed longitudinally by the wall panels, that the walls raised in this manner are made to surround one or several inner spaces which are covered by joist system blocks produced in the plastic material giving good insulation, that the roof trusses (10) are anchored to the wall beams (3) with securing devices (13) or to the joist system blocks (6) , that in applicable cases when the building is to have a first floor, the gables, standing block sections (37) , pitched roof sections (38) , and/ or the ceiling sections or at least those parts of the gables and sections which face the insulated inner space shall be made of plastic material giving good insulation, and to which the gables and sections are connected together to enclose the arrangement of roof trusses or at least those parts of the roof trusses which face and are adjacent to the insulated inner space.

2. The procedure in accordance with patent claim 1, . characterized thereby of the roof trusses (10) as also other structural parts (9, 81 - 85, 90, 91) for the supporting structure, and which at least enclose the insulated inner space shall consist of metal profiles, such as square, Z or U shaped steel profiles, thin plates or other plates.

3. The procedure in accordance with patent claim 1, characterized thereby of roof sections (38, 80) and preferably even nock tiles (51) produced in plastic material giving good insulation.

4. The procedure in accordance with patent claim 1, characterized thereby of the necessary thickness and the necessary insulation of the building and achieved by means of wall panels (4) and gables where applicable and preferably ev joist system blocks (6) and/or other eventual sections produced in plastic material.

5. The procedure in accordance with patent claim 1, characterized thereby of the wall beams (3) being anchored to the foundation (2) , a wall panel (4) anchored to the foundati is made to connect at the first block edge joint with the wal beam, a second wall beam is anchored to the foundation and connected to the edge joint of the wall panel. A second wall panel is anchored to the foundation and made to connect with its first block edge joint to the second wall beam and so on until the last wall panel forming the horizontal extent of th building is anchored to the foundation and made to connect with wherewith the last wall panel constitutes e.g. a corner pillar (5) anchored to the foundation and made to connect wit its first or only block edge joint to the last wall beam and that the last wall panel connects to the first aforementioned wall beam, that the thus raised wall is provided with joist system blocks (6) which rest on the free edge of the walls as likewise the roof trusses (80) and/or the pitched roof sectio (38).

6. The procedure in accordance with patent claim 5, characterized thereby in that the adjacent wall beams (3) in each wall connect with each other by means of a hooking devic (74) and that the wall beam near a corner connects with the aid of a hooking device (45) to the adjacent wall panel (4) i the wall at right angles.

7. The procedure in accordance with patent claim 6, characterized thereby in that the aforementioned wall's free edge is provided with a capping plate (8) and that the joist system block (6) upon erection is brought into engagement with the capping plate.

8. The procedure in accordance with patent claim 7,

C characterized thereby in that the joist system block (6) is provided with lower frames (9) to the respective roof truss > (10) and also that the lower frames and roof trusses are brought into fixed contact with each other, or that a part of the roof trusses are anchored to the joist system block of which part is held together with a tensioning tie bar (87) in the joist system block.

9. The procedure in accordance with patent claim.5, characterized thereby in that the wall beams (3) are connected to the joist system block (6) by means of hooks (77) which are brought into engagement with the wall beams and also engage with the adjacent joist system edge.

10. The procedure in accordance with patent claim 1 or 9, characterized thereby in that the ceiling section (39) or the pitched roof section (38) or the ceiling or pitched roof section connected to the standing block (37) are erected with the first block edge joint connected to an erected roof truss (10) , whereafter the ceiling or pitched roof section is anchored to the roof truss by means of a connecting device brought into connection with the erected gable and the erected roof trusses and sections.

11. Carrying out of building procedure in accordance with any of the patent claims 1 - 10, for a building intended for erection upon a foundation (2) such as a base, a cellar or similar and comprising a framework (1) with walls and where applicable windows, doors, ventilators and other wall openings on a ground floor, ceiling (39) , roof trusses (10) , and roof (80) and where applicable joist systems (6) , standing blocks (37) pitched roof (38) , hatches and roof openings plus necessary insulation material, characterized thereby in that the framework (1) with walls are comprised of metal wall beams (3) and wall panel (4) of plastic material, and where the wall beams are designed with anchoring devices (25, 69 or 74) for anchoring to the foundation (2) by means of a sill (7) or other anchoring and controlling device, plus that the wall panels are designed to enclose the wall beams longitudinally and provide the necessary wall thickness and the necessary insulation, that a joist system situated upon the wall panels (4) , ceiling or equivalent are arranged to engage with the wa panel's securing device or are secured to the wall beams by means of hooking devices (77) , and comprise the necessary insulation and that in applicable cases when the building is to have a first floor, the inner space (40) of the first floo is enclosed by gables, roof sections, blocks, sections and floor of plastic material, whereby the gables, roof sections, blocks and sections provide the necessary insulation and that the roof sections, blocks and sections provide the necessary wall and roof thicknesses and that they are designed to enclo adjacent roof truss parts (10, 81 - 86) .

12. Building in accordance with patent claim 11, characterized thereby in that the sill (7) consists of a controlling device for the raising of the building and is firmly anchored in the foundation (2) and that it is designed as an anchoring unit for the wall beams (3) .

13. Building in accordance with patent claim 12, characterized thereby in that the wall beams (3) are provided with an anchoring device (25, 69 or 74) by means of which the wall beams can be secured to the sill (7) and with which the wall beams can be anchored and raised.

14. Building in accordance with patent claim 11 or 13, characterized thereby in that the wall beams (3) consist of metal profiles, preferably square which in applicable cases are provided with securing devices (13) for roof trusses (10) and thereby preferably in the form of one or two flanges protruding from the wall beam.

15. Building in accordance with patent claim 11, characterized thereby in that the edge joints of the wall panels (4) have apertures (70) whereby two adjacent wall panels can be arranged to enclose the wall beam (3) .

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16. Building in accordance with patent claim 11, characterized thereby in that the upper edge of the wall panels (4) have a recess (18) for rceiving capping plate (8) or hooking device (74) .

17. Building in accordance with patent claim 16, characterized thereby in that the capping plate or equivalent (8, 9) consists of a metal profile and has an engaging device (16) for engaging with the block shaped joist system or ceiling, whereby the joist system or ceiling section strengthen the framework (1) .

18. Building in accordance with patent claim 11, characterized thereby in that the joist system (6) or ceiling has, facing from the inner space (40) , a groove or similar for receiving the lower frame (9) of the roof truss whereby the lower frame is arranged to fix the joist system or ceiling or those blocks of which the joist system is designed, and that the lower frame is arranged to hold two opposite walls in a mutually fixed position.

19. Building in accordance with patent claim 17, characterized thereby in that capping plates (8) are arranged to be able to be connected to each other when connecting to an adjacent wall beam (3) .

20. Building in accordance with patent claim 11, characterized thereby in that the hooking device (74) is arranged to reach between and engage with two wall beams (3) or at a corner of the building between a wall beam and a wall and a wall panel (4) in another wall.

21. Building in accordance with patent claim 11, characterized thereby in that each roof truss (10) consists of several parts (81 - 85) which are arranged to be able to be erected to form a roof truss whereby the roof truss is held securely together with a tie bar (87) which is arranged to reach into and through the male joist (9) or base part of the roof truss, whereby rigidifying of the framework or building achieved by means of the tie bar.

22. Building in accordance with patent claim 21, characterized thereby in that tie bar (87) has an anchor plat (88) for securing a prefabricated eave (22) whereby the eave in the form of a recepticle with an attachment for gutter suspension or similar device.

23. Building in accordance with patent claim 11, characterized thereby in that where applicable gables or gabl together with connected blocks and sections have an aperture (76) for receiving a connecting roof truss (10) whereby the aperture in the gable faces toward the inner space.

24. Building in accordance with patent claim 11, characterized thereby in that where applicable blocks and sections for enclosing the inner space (40) on the first floo of the building are provided with block edge joints (76) for receiving the connecting parts of adjacent roof trusses (10) .

25. Building in accordance with patent claim 11, characterized thereby in that at least one side or both sides of the wall panels (4) have, formed in the material of the external surface of the outer wall, respectively the internal surface of the inner wall, suitable shape or pattern.

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