EP0051592B1

EP0051592B1 - Building

Info

Publication number: EP0051592B1
Application number: EP81900296A
Authority: EP
Inventors: Äke KNUTSSON
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 1980-01-25
Filing date: 1981-01-26
Publication date: 1988-01-07
Also published as: IT1221478B; CH662849A5; FI69674B; FI69674C; NL8120014A; GB2089395A; IT8247640A0; AU6708081A; NO813269L; SE440674B; SE8000599L; WO1981002175A1; AU553760B2; FI820646L; SE440674C; GB2089395B; EP0051592A1; JPS57500158A; BR8108695A; DK424481A

Abstract

Procedure to produce a building with well insulating capacity. The building is raised on a base (2) and comprises a frame (1) including wall studs (3) of metal, preferably consisting of steel profiles and wall panels (4), which are arranged between the wall studs and made of plastic material having well insulating properties against heat and cold, whereby the plastic material preferably consists of foam plastic, as polyurethane. On the frame (1) is arranged a system of joists made of corresponding material and whenever further wall panels for a first floor and roof trusses and roof. The wall panels (4) surround the wall studs (3) and the wall panels indicate the necessary thickness of the wall and form the necessary insulating capacity, as well as the arranged system of joists. The wall studs (3) are anchored to the base (2) and are surrounded by the wall panels in their full length. The walls raised in said manner are arranged to enclose one or more rooms, which are covered with system of joists shaped as panels. Roof trusses are arranged on the wall studs or to the system of joists. The system of joists are resting on the frame and are held to the frame by locking devices (16, 28 or 77, 78) and thereby rigid the frame. Instead the frame is rigided by bolted connecting rods (87, 89) arranged in the roof trusses or in the system of joists.

Description

The invention relates to buildings. More particularly, the invention relates to a well insulated building where the building is erected upon a foundation. The foundation can hereby consist of a base of reinforced concrete, a cellar or a system of joists, plinths or other permanent base. The building comprises a framework comprising metal uprights and wall panels of plastics material having good insulation properties against heat and cold. Said uprights being anchored to a sill attached to the foundation. An upper floor or ceiling comprising load bearable panels or ceiling section blocks comprising material having good insulation properties against heat and cold. Members are provided between two opposed walls of the framework to rigidify it.
There is a need for a building which insulates the inner space from external temperature. There is also a further need to be able to reduce the cost of a building and of course even to reduce the now heavy cost of raising and erecting a building. It is well known how one tries to meet the requirements specified when building today where one, to achieve better insulation, applies additional insulation to the building or increases the thickness of the insulation material. Furthermore even mechanical devices are often utilized nowadays for heat recovery.
These measures naturally.can not reduce the cost of a building and neither of course the cost of the building process, which must therefore be considered as having become more complicated despite increased prefabrication of building sections. If one has to any great extent succeeded in meeting the demands for the insulation and sealing of buildings, one has instead, after utilizing the buildings a while, got other problems such as rot and mildew, especially in buildings of wooden construction, which in turn give heavy restoration costs such as for the replacment of windows and doors and even wall beams and wall panels. Despite increased efforts with the insulation and sealing of buildings it has in fact been shown that the buildings are often surprisingly badly sealed, which depends upon the material in the buildings and is accentuated by short building times with immediate use of the buildings after they are raised and also often due to the buildings being erected during the wrong time of the year. With regard to the present development within the building industry one must perhaps realize that the material used in buildings is the decisive problem. Here one thinks mainly of wooden members such as wooden beams and posts, wood fibre panels and buildings constructed of other living materials. In order to avoid these problems and meet the requirements specified a new way of thinking as regards the erection of buildings is apparently necessary. It is prior known a building or more particularly a building panel structure comprising wall panels of plastics material being situated between posts consisting of tubular steel. Said panel structure is described in EP-A-0 006 756 and showing wall panels with a pair of recesses being disposed along each of the longitudinal side edges of the panels to define a tongue projecting outwardly from a mid-thickness region of the panel. The panels are disposed in side by side relation with the tongues of the respective panels being in opposed abutting relationship and the adjacent recesses together defining opposed grooves located at the junctions between the panels. A post or rigid framing member is disposed in each of these grooves with the opposing pairs of framing members serving to "sandwich" the abutting tongues of the adjacent panels therebetween. Each of the opposing ends of the panel structure has a pair of perimeter framing metal strips connected to the framing members and comprising a cap and a sill respectively. Besides said panel structure forming side walls the panel structure is usable to form roof and interior partitions. This structure means tightening difficulties. The connections between wall panels and roof panels and all panel corners involve also tightening problems. The only thermal barrier herewith is angle members or the like of metal strips. The panel structure does not result in a complete solution of an insulated building according to the invention, and gives no solution of constructing a joist, not either insulation of an inner space defining a flat.
A building in accordance with one aspect of the invention includes wall panels having recessed edges such that adjacent wall panels enclose longitudinally an upright, the adjacent wall panels abutting each other on the inwardly and outwardly facing surfaces of the upright, a lower recessed edge of each wall panel receiving a portion of the sill to enclose the portion between the panel and the foundation, an upper recessed edge of the wall panels receiving capping plates or hooking devices which reach between uprights, the capping plates or hooking devices being enclosed longitudinally between respective load bearable panels or ceiling section blocks and the upper recessed edges of respective wall panels, the arrangement being such that the inner space of the building is insulated from the outside and from the uprights and sill.
The load bearable panels form a floor of an upper room and may be formed of plastics material which may include joists per se, in a known manner.
Members are provided between two opposed walls of the building structure to rigidify the framework, whereby the members comprise beams, a lower frame of roof trusses, a joist system, load bearable panels, ceiling blocks or locking devices extending into the joist system or the ceiling, said locking devices having a length which exceeds the distance between the said opposed walls.
Preferably, the load bearable panels or ceiling section blocks have a recessed edge, whereby a first side of the recess engages with an upper edge of a respective wall panel and a second side of the recess engages with the inward facing surface of the panel.
Preferably, the wall panels, the load bearable panels or the ceiling section blocks provide the necessary insulation of the walls and the joist system or the ceiling.
The present invention aims to remove the inconveniences with known types of buildings even constructed of said known panel structure whilst at the same time meeting the requirements specified. Thus one starts from the principle of achieving structural precision and a building which can be built in a simple manner and in such short time that the cost of erecting the building can be considerably reduced. In addition the building is so simnple to raise that it can be done by anybody, this being also facilitated by the low weight of the structural parts of the building, requiring only the use of manual labour. Here it is also important that the framework of the building can be raised without the use of any tools or complicated devices whatsoever, and the raising of the rest of the building is achieved with the aid of uncomplicated tools. The most important thing with this procedure in accordance with the invention is perhaps that the building structure is designed with materials other than wood or wood based building materials. Instead a material with high insulation properties is used extensively, and for certain structural parts of the building a material with low or aimostno conductive ability. This in combination with the ability of erecting the. building with the materials in question, designed in such a manner that the inner space will be tightly sealed and that heat loss by conduction can be avoided, is basis for the invention. The supporting structure furthermore is designed with strong material having a low coefficient of thermal expansion.
Further preferred features and advantages will be apparent from the following exemplary description of the invention, whereby at the same time reference will be made to the appended diagrammatic drawings of which Fig. 1 shows diagrammatically and in perspective a building framework, Fig. 2 shows partly in enlarged scale the upper portion of a wall according to section A-A in Fig. 1 and partly a lower portion of a wall according to section B-B in Fig. 1, Fig. 3 shows a portion of a wall according to section C-C in Fig. 1 and a corner portion of a building according to section D-D in Fig. 1, Fig. 4 shows a cross-section through a joist system according to section E-E in Fig. 2, Fig. 5 shows a perspective view of a portion of an upright and a sill prior to securing of the upright, Fig. 6 shows an upright and a sill when anchoring the upright to the sill, Fig. 7 shows a perspective view of an upper portion of an upright and parts of a capping plate prior to attachment and fixing of the capping plate, Fig. 8 shows a perspective view of an upper portion of a wall prior to mounting a joist system or ceiling, Fig. 9 shows a persective view according to Fig. 8 with the mounted joist system or ceiling, Fig. 10 shows a cross-section of part of a building, Fig. 11 shows a part of a building section according to section F-F in Fig. 10, Fig. 12 shows diagrammatically part of an eave according to section G-G in Fig. 10, Fig. 13 shows a cross-section through part of a building with building panels and sections, Fig. 14 shows part of a partially raised building, Fig. 15 shows part of a foundation on which a framework is raised, Fig. 16 shows in enlarged scale part of an upright. Fig. 17 shows in enlarged scale part of an upright and a sill prior to fitting of the upright to the sill, Fig. 18 shows in enlarged scale part of a hooking device, Figs. 19-21 show in vertical section part of a building, Fig. 22 shows in horizontal section part of a framework, Fig. 23 shows a perspective view of a framework and joist system, Fig. 24 shows a perspective view of part of an intermediate supporting wall, Fig. 25 shows a roof truss and in perspective roof truss details, Fig. 26 shows part of a roof section, ceiling section, wall section and floor or joist section, Fig. 27 shows a roof truss from the side, Fig. 28 shows part of a tie bar, Fig. 29 shows part of a roof truss, and Fig. 30 shows a light upright.
Reference 1 in Fig. 1 indicates a building framework where the framework is raised upon a foundation 2 consisting of e.g. a base of reinforced concrete, a cellar, a system of cellar joists, plinths or similar. The framework consists of wall panels 4 and flanking uprights 3 arranged in the middle of a thickened part 14 of the wall panel, uprights 3 in two opposite wall sections of the building have anchoring devices 13 for anchoring roof trusses 10 thereto, see also Figs. 2 and 14. The anchoring device 13 consists of flanges arranged in pairs with e.g. a hole 33 for fixing the anchoring device.
Uprights 3 are made of metal, preferably in the form of steel profiles while the wall panels 4 are made of plastics material giving good insulation from both heat and cold, and consisting preferably of aerated plastics such as polyurethane. The wall panels are provided with windows, doors, ventilators, ventilation channels and other wall openings as required.
Uprights 3 are anchored in the foundation 2. For this purpose the foundation has sills 7. As the building and its structural sections are precision designed and optimally prefabricated, it is important that sill 7 has a secure anchorage and is correctly positioned upon the foundation. Therefore foundation 2 is provided with plates 17 of e.g. steel which are moulded into the foundation, see also Fig. 10. The sill is secured to foundation 2 by welding to the moulded-in steel plates.
Figs. 15, 16 and 19 show sills 7 with ears 61. With foundations of croft, cellar or bottom plate type on the ground having a base layer of insulation material the sill has tie irons 62 located in concrete 63. The bottom section 65 also has a tie iron 64 located in the concrete 63. A wall beam 66 can be arranged as reinforcement against wind loading and external pressures. When casting, the ears 61 hold the sill in position while the concrete sets. The ears can be secured with pins, nails, bolts or the equivalent 67. If a base with insulation underneath is utilized, or during cold weather, sill 7 can be secured by bolts or the equivalent through the ears 61.
A sill 7 for an inner supporting wall 44 can be attached to the foundation in a similar manner, see Figs. 21 and 24. Bottom connecting section 65 is anchored with tie irons 64 to the concrete 63 and can be hooked into reinforcement 68 in foundation 2. The sill 7 here consists of a horizontal U-profile, preferably with ears 61. The uprights have a groove or recess 69 and can be slid onto the sill to lie against the adjacent wall panel 4 and into its groove 70, then the next wall panel with a groove is fitted into the upright to enclose the upright between the two panel edges.

Fig. 20 shows the joining of bottom section 65 and an intermediate wall 71. Here, two Y-shaped plates 72 are attached to the joint and e.g. V-shaped tie irons 73 are inserted through joint section 72 and moulded into the concrete.
Fig. 17 shows that uprights 3 can be provided with protruding ears 75 with which the upright can be anchored to the sill 7.

With further reference to Fig. 5 is seen the shape of the lower part of an upright 3 and a sill 7. The upright has an aperture 23 so that it can be placed astride the sill. Furthermore there is shown an anchoring device 25 on the upright in the form of a hook which is intended to enter the hole 27 in the sill. To facilitate hooking-in of the upright its lower edge is rounded off, see reference 26. By means of this design the upright can be anchored to the foundation without the aid of tools. The hook is entered into the sill by leaning the upright toward the sill and thereafter raising it against a previously positioned adjacent wall panel which the upright is to secure. For locking the upright the hook can have an upright tongue 31 which is inserted into another hote 29 in the sill.
Wall panel 4 situated between two uprights 3 has a recess in the joint edge 15 thereof whereby two adjacent wall panels are arranged to enclose an upright longitudinally, see Figs. 3,14, 5 and 22. Furthermore the lower edge of the wall has an aperture 24, see Fig. 10 and 21, whereby the wall panel can sit astride the sill 7. To ensure sealing between the lower edge of the wall panel and the foundation, a sealing strip 51 of e.g. aerated plastic can be placed on each side of the sill prior to mounting the upright. As can be seen in Fig. 2 a space 52 arises between the inner surface of wall panel and the foundation. This space can be filled with e.g. sealing compound of polyester or similar material and can be carried out e.g. in connection with floor levelling. Reference 53 shows diagrammatically that the foundation can be provided with heating coils.
The upper edge of wall panel 4 has a recess 18, see Figs. 8,14 and 15, for receiving capping plate 8 or hooking device 74. In Fig. 7 it can be seen that capping plate 8 is arranged or connection with other adjacent or closely situated uprights by means of the aperture or hole 30 as shown. The ends of capping plate 8 are connected by insertion into openings 30 and are locked together with locking pin 32, in the form of a shackle, in holes 36. As can be seen in Fig. 7 upright 3 has no anchoring device 13, i.e. this upright is intended for use in a wall not having roof trusses raised upon it.
The capping plate also shows attaching device 28 consisting of a hole whereby the attaching device is intended for attachment of load bearable panel or joist system 6 or ceiling to the framework. The load bearable panel or joist system or ceiling are mainly designed as panels or blocks and consist of plastics material giving good insulation preferably of the same type as for wall panels 4. Panels or blocks are therefore provided with protruding pins 16, see Fig. 2, for location of the panel or block and with which the pins are brought into engagement with the attaching device 28 when mounting the block so that it rests on the free edge of the framework and inner supporting walls 44 where such are available, see Fig. 13. The spine wall has a similar connection where the two locating pins meet. The joist system rigidifies the framework 1.
With reference to Figs. 14 and 15, a hooking device 74 can be arranged in the upper edge recess 18 in the wall panel 4, see also Fig. 18. The hooking device reaches into the recess 18 between two adjacent uprights 3 to hook into the uprights. A hooking device 45, see Fig. 14. is arranged at the corner of.the_building to reach from the adjacent upright in the first wall and around the connecting wall panel in the other wall.

Fig. 23 shows how a joist system block 6 is connected to an upright 3 or to upright 3 when a roof truss 10 is not to be attached to an upright with flanges 13. A hook 77 is hereby utilized preferably shaped as a figure 5. One end of the hook is entered into an aperture 78 in the upright and is then folded back against and around the joist system panel or block and is thereafter secured with a pin 79 or a hook, bent and punched out of hook material, or some similar device. The joist system is anchored via hook, upright and sill to the foundation. In the joist system panel or block a groove 76 is provided into which is fitted a male joist 9 or lower frame of a roof truss 10, when the roof section is arranged. Thereafter a new joist system panel or block is arranged with its groove located around the lower member of the roof truss. New roof sections with grooves are arranged connecting to the remaining roof truss members and enclose the roof trusses between the roof sections. A tie bar 87 is inserted into the base or tie beam of the roof truss 9 (male joist) and holds the roof truss strongly together.
Figs. 25 and 27 show a roof truss and roof section plus the aforementioned tie bar. By means of roof truss sections 81-85 and connecting plate 86, roof truss 10 is erected and strongly secured with tie bar 87, whereby the roof truss and roof is made rigid. Tie bar 87 reaches in through the joist 9 in roof truss 10 and with the aid of anchor plate 88 and nuts 89 is drawn tight and holds the roof truss and roof section securely.

Roof trusses 10 or truss sections 81-85 can in general consist of thin plate with reinforcing plates 90. Upright 91 for intermediate walls can instead consist of U or Z shaped metal profiles covered with some other material e.g. block units of plastics material as previously mentioned. Hereby is achieved a rational superstructure with gables and roof section 80 which can be produced with both inside and outside surfaces ready for use, i.e. the outside weather resistant and the inside e.g. as a ready painted ceiling.
For flat roofs, roof trusses 10 or male joist 9 can be attached with flanges 13 protruding from wall beams 3.
In Fig. 3 is shown a corner pillar 5 which is connected to an adjacent wall panel 4 and uprights 3. The free upper edge of the corner pillar in the framework is provided with a plate 56 having a locking function.
In Fig. 4 is shown a cross-section through two erected joist systems 6 according to section E-E in Fig. 2, and it can be seen here that the panel or block has a recess against the adjacent panel or block which, when both blocks are placed together form a recess 19 toward the inner space, see also Fig. 9. In this recess is fitted the lower frame 9 of a roof truss 10. For mounting the lower frame the recess can be filled with e.g. polyurethane compound or some other compound after which the frame is placed in the recess. Member 9 or beam locks the joist system panel or block 6 and furthermore holds the opposite outer walls or parallel situated walls mutually secured, i.e. the lower frame or beam locks the walls in the framework 1, see arrows 11 in Fig. 1.
The aforementioned sills 7, capping plates 8, members 9 and roof trusses 10 are made of metal e.g. metal profiles such as square steel profiles. As previously stated uprights 3 can also be produced in square profiles.
The inner space of the first floor of a building is surrounded by joist systems, gables, pitched roof sections, standing block sections and/or ceiling stations, or at least those parts of gables and sections which face toward and limit the insulated inner space 40, see e.g. Fig. 13. Gables, blocks and sections are therefore made of plastics material giving good insulation, preferably of the sort of which the aforementioned wall panels and joist system panels or blocks are made. The necessary thickness and the necessary insulation of the building is achieved by means of plastic wall panels 4 and preferably, where applicable, joist system panels or blocks 6 and preferably, where applicable, gables and even for first floors in buildings with arrangements of standing block sections 37, pitched roof sections 38 and ceiling sections 39. These blocks, gables and sections are self-supporting by means of which the required sealing and insulation is obtained due to the material properties and its low conductive ability. In addition the blocks, gables and sections give the necessary wall and roof thicknesses and therefore can e.g. wall panels 4 and even joist system panels or blocks 6, on one or both sides, be produced in material with an external wall surface or an inner wall surface e.g. a ceiling or floor surface with suitable shape or pattern. The surfaces of blocks, gables and sections can therefore be produced in finished condition and can thereby be designed so that they are ready for painting, wallpapering etc. or present a complete decorated surface. This can be achieved by producing them in a single moulded material which in itself, through choice of material, contains the necessary properties. Due to the self-supporting design a large choice is obtained for planning and inner spaces and it can be mentioned that inner supporting walls 44 and other inner walls, freely positionable can be produced in the aforementioned plastics material, but here one does not need to take into consideration insulation when dimensioning the inner walls. As a further example it can be seen in Fig. 3 that corner pillar 5 is provided with decoration 55.
A supporting inner wall 44 can be arranged in the building positioned for the support of joist systems 6. For the erection of other inner walls 71 the ceiling can be provided with e.g. a border, a pipe or other similar items whereby the upper edge of the intermediate wall has an equivalent recess 47 which straddles the ceiling border.
Gables and sections in the building's first floor are designed to enclose surrounding and adjacent roof truss parts or at least to enclose these parts of roof trusses which face the insulated inner space 40. Therefore where blocks and sections occur for limiting the inner space of the building's first floor, they are designed with block joint edges for receiving or enclosing connecting parts of roof trusses. In those cases where gables, and gables together with connecting blocks and sections, arise, they have a recess 76 for receiving connecting roof trusses, i.e. at that side of gables which face the inner space there are recesses for receiving at least those parts of roof trusses bordering onto the insulated inner space. Gables and building sections on the first floor of the building can even be provided with doors, windows, ventilation channels, ventilators, hatches, attic windows and other items which are directly moulded in the building material. Gables, blocks and sections provide the required thickness and the necessary insulation.
In Figs. 10 and 12 the erecting device 20 is shown consisting of e.g. an L-shaped laminated unit with a protruding flange 21. The erecting devices 20 are arranged in pairs and include an attachment for a prefabricated eave 22 or part of an eave. Here the eave is designed as a female connector, i.e. with a recess or groove by means of which the eave or part of an eave can be attached to the erecting device 20 via the female connection. Consequently the eave with its recess can be slid into the protruding flange 21 of the erecting flange. The eave can herewith be designed to at least include a fixing or gutter suspension or similar devices.
In a typical method of achieving such a wall insulated building includes consequently the utilization of the aforementioned material or similar building sections. The foundation is prepared with a sill. The prefabricated building parts for the framework are easily erected manually whereby the uprights are anchored to the foundation. A wall panel is anchored to the foundation and made to connect with an upright at its edge. A second upright is anchored to the foundation and is connected to the erected wall panel's edge thus fixing the wall panel. A second wall panel is then anchored to the foundation and connected with the second upright etc. The framework is built up in this manner until the last wall panel forming the horizontal extent of the building is anchored to the foundation. The last wall panel is anchored to the foundation with its edges connected with the first raised upright. Alternatively, the last wall panel can be connected to the last upright and the first upright with a hooking device. Walls thus raised and any possible inner walls are provided with capping plates or hooking devices, and joist system blocks are positioned and engaged with walls or uprights and rest upon the walls, and where applicable on inner supporting walls.
In those cases where the building is to have a first floor, a first roof joist or tie and a first gable are erected for connection to the joist or at least to a part thereof. The joist system or floor is provided with guide strips, if such are missing, where the inner space of the first floor is to have standing blocks, it is connected to the gable or at least part of the roof truss. Where applicable pitched roof sections and ceiling sections are erected against standing block sections connected to the gable and erected roof truss, which hereby at least partly borders the inner space surrounded by gables and sections. Hereafter is erected a second roof truss connected to the aforementioned sections etc. in order to complete erection of the first floor's inner space with connection of the other gable section to the last erected roof truss.
Raising of the roof and roof trusses for a gable roof is preferably done as previously described with roof truss parts 81-86, roof sections 80 and tie bars 87.
In accordance with a special construction the ceiling sections, pitched roof sections, or ceilings and pitched roof sections connected to standing blocks are erected with a first block edge joint connected to an erected roof truss whereafter the ceiling or pitched roof section is anchored to the roof truss or, by means of a connecting device 60 brought into connection with the erected gable, roof truss and section. When utilizing such connecting devices a simple tool can be used.
When erecting a particular roof, its roof sections can be made of plastic insulating material in question as also the nock tiles 50.
When calculating and preparing a trial project for a two floor private house a concrete foundation was chosen. The thickness of the wall sections was 150 mm made of polyurethane with λ=0.017, Mi + Mu = 0.20, Kw = 0.13. The foundation was provided with a thin levelling of cement and was laid upon a 70 mm thick ground layer of mineral wool. The joist system block had a rigidifying effect due to the protruding pins which engage with the capping plate. The block was of polyurethane with a thickness of 300 mm and λ = 0.017, Mi + Mu = 0.3, Kw = 0.06. The walls against the pitched roof and male joist system had a thickness and other properties similar to the aforementioned joist block system. The trial project has shown that it is hardly necessary to provide any additional heating as the insulation and sealing are so good that one should only require heating to give additional heat during extreme weather conditions. The building is designed for mechanical ventilation. By utilizing a heat recovery unit it should be possible to meet the entire heating requirement.
When using the building in accordance with the invention in countries with warm climates, a pleasant and normal inner temperature is obtainable in a simple manner with less energy consumption for the addition of cold air to the inner space of the building.
Without exceeding the invention principles, modifications to the procedure and devices may be possible. Thus the building can have other designs, size, floor layout and roof angle and other roofs. It is also possible from other view points than that shown and described to complement the building structure with several floors. Wall beams and other supporting parts of the framework can be included in wall panels and sections thereby constituting a reinforcement or a framework which can be moulded.into the blocks and sections, and for wall panels the framework can protrude from the lower and upper edges of the wall panels for anchorage to a foundation or to permit continuation of the building above the ground floor. The building is initially intended to maintain existing module dimensions for buildings and as an example its roof trusses can be restricted to 1200 mm. There is therefore no reason to deviate from existing building standards as regards dimensions, strength, insulation and sealing. The foundation itself can be of any suitable type and can consist e.g. of blocks filled with concrete. Likewise the floor on the foundation cellar joist system can utilize sections made of the plastics material in question, produced with desired pattern and ornamentation. There is, however, free choice in the utilization of other floor, roof and wall coverings as also with the surfaces of panels, plates, wallpaper, paint etc. If special external facades are required e.g. as shown in Figs. 10, 19 and 22 reference 57, a brick wall can be built, preferably with a ventilating air space 58 between the facade and the framework. The air space can be 20 mm whilst the brick facade can have a thickness of e.g. 120 mm. The foundation can even be provided with an edge insulation 12 e.g. of lightweight concrete with a thickness of 100 mm. Even other roof and roof coverings can of course be utilized, but in accordance with the exemplary embodiment the roof is provided with roof sections of the plastic material in question. Here an air space 59 is arranged between the roof and the pitched roof. In Fig. 13 is shown a securing device or equivalent e.g. in the form of a hole passing through the roof and sections for anchoring, or a connecting device for diametrical connection of the upper part of the building or gables and intermediately situated building sections. Thus the invention is limited only by the accompanying claims.

Claims

1. A building, erected upon a foundation (2) and comprising a framework (1) comprising metal uprights (3) and wall panels (4) of plastics material having good insulation properties against heat and cold, said uprights being anchored to a sill (7) attached to the foundation, an upper floor or ceiling comprising load bearable panels (6) or ceiling section blocks comprising material having good insulation properties against heat and cold, wherein members are provided between two opposed walls of the framework to rigidify it, characterized in that the wall panels (4) have recessed edges such that adjacent wall panels enclose longitudinally an upright (3), the adjacent wall panels abutting each other on the inwardly and outwardly facing surfaces of the upright, a lower recessed edge (24) of each wall panel (4) receiving a portion of the sill (7) to enclose the portion between the panel (4) and the foundation (2), an upper recessed edge (18) of the wall panels (4) receiving capping plates (8) or hooking devices (74) which reach between uprights (3), the capping plates or hooking devices being enclosed longitudinally between respective load bearable panels (6) or ceiling section blocks and the upper recessed edges (18) of respective wall panels (4), the arrangement being such that the inner space (40) of the building is insulated from the outside and from the uprights and sill.

2. A building in accordance with claim 1, characterized in that the members extending between the two opposed walls comprise beams (9), a lower frame of roof trusses (10), a joist system, load bearable panels (6), ceiling blocks, or locking devices (87) extending into the joist system or the ceiling, the locking devices having a length which exceeds the distance between the said opposed walls.

3. A building in accordance with claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the load bearable panels (6) or ceiling section blocks have a recessed edge, whereby first side of the recess engages with a upper edge of a respective wall panel (4) and a second side of the recess engages with the inward facing surface of the panel.

4. A building in accordance with claim 1, 2 or 3, characterized in that the wall panels (4), the load bearable panels (6) or the ceiling section blocks provide the necessary insulation of the walls and the joist system or the ceiling.

5. A building in accordance with claim 1, 2 or 3, characterized in that the building having an upper floor showing roof trusses (10), at least those parts of the roof trusses which are adjacent an inner space (40) of the building are enclosed by applicable gables, standing block sections (37), pitched ceiling or roof sections (38, 80) and/or ceiling (39) or roof sections (80) or enclosed at least by those parts of gables and sections which face insulated inner space and which gables and sections are made of a plastics material giving good insulation against both heat and cold.

6. A building in accordance with claim 5, characterized in that said gables and sections provide the necessary insulation and the necessary wall and joist system and ceiling and roof thicknesses.

7. A building in accordance with claim 1 or 5, characterized in that a wall panel (4) and/or in applicable cases a gable and a roof has a window, door, venilator, venthole or duct, shutter or other wall or ceiling or roof opening.

8. A building in accordance with claim 1, 2 or 3, characterized in that the capping plates (8) or the hooking devices (74) reach between and engage with adjacent pairs of uprights (3).

9. A building in accordance with claim 1, 2 or 8, characterized in that the capping plates (8) consist of a metal profile and have engaging devices (28) for engaging with a load bearable panel (6) or a ceiling section block, whereby the joist system or ceiling rigidifies or stiffens the framework (1). 10. A building in accordance with claim 9, characterized in that the load bearable panels (6) or the ceiling section blocks have protruding pins (16) or corresponding engagement means, which project into the engaging devices (28) of the capping plates, the engaging devices being formed as holes.

11. A building in accordance with claim 1 and 2, characterized in that joining parts of the capping plates (8) or the hooking devices (74) are firmly connected with respective uprights (3) or beams (9) or lower frames of roof trusses (10) where provided.

12. A building in accordance with claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the load bearable panels (6) or ceiling section blocks have shaped grooves (76) for receiving beams (9), lower frames of roof trusses (10) or locking devices (87), whereby the beams, said lower frames or locking devices being arranged to hold said opposed walls in a mutually fixed position.

13. A building in accordance with claim 2 or 12, characterized in that the locking devices (87) extend into the lower frames of roof trusses (10) and lock the load bearable panels (6) or the ceiling section blocks to rigidify the framework (1).

14. A building in accordance with claim 1, characterized in that the sill (7) is firmly anchored in the foundation (2) and forms a positioning device for the wall panels (4) and for the raising of the building and the uprights (3) are anchored to the sill.

15. A building in accordance with claim 1 or 14, characterized in that the uprights (3) are provided with an anchoring device (25, 69 or 75) by means of which the uprights (3) are secured to the sill (7) and with which the uprights can be located when being raised.

16. A building in accordance with claim 1, characterized in that uprights (3) have fastening devices (13) for fastening to roof trusses (10).

17. A building in accordance with-claim 16, characterized in that the fastening devices (13) comprise one or two flanges protruding from the upright (3).

18. A building in accordance with claim 2 or 16, characterized in that the lower frames of the roof trusses (10) are connected with fastening devices (13) on the uprights (3), whereby two opposed walls are held in a mutually fixed position and whereby the walls of the framework (1) are locked.

19. A building in accordance with claim 2 or 18, characterized in that said lower frames are connected by a respective roof truss (10) by means of mounting devices (20).

20. A building in accordance with claim 1 or 19, having roof trusses (10) having lower frames connected therein by mounting devices, characterized in that the mounting devices (20) are formed as plate-shaped units, for example in the shape of an L, and have a protruding flange (21) whereby the mounting devices are arranged in pairs and include an attachment for a prefabricated eave (22).

21. A building in accordance with claim 20, characterized in that each eave (22) is a preformed unit and is arranged to be attached to the mounting devices (20) by means of a cassette- setting, whereby each eave has holders for suspending gutters or similar devices.

22. A building in accordance with claim 1 or 2, having roof trusses (10), characterized in that each roof truss (10) consists of several parts (81-85) which are arranged to form a roof truss, whereby the roof truss is held securely together with a tightening tie bar (87) which reaches into and through a lower frame of the roof truss.

23. A building in accordance with claim 2 or 22, characterized in that the locking device is a tie bar (87) having an anchor plate for fastening a prefabricated eave (22).

24. A building in accordance with claim 1 or 5, characterized in that applicable gables where provided or the gables together with joined blocks and sections (37-39) have a recess (76) receiving an adjoining roof truss (10), whereby the recess in the gable faces toward the inner space (40).

25. A building in accordance with claim 1, characterized in that at least one side of a wall panel is shaped in the material of the external surface of an outer wall or the internal surface of an inner wall having a suitable shape or pattern.