EP0090473B1 - Building, wall sections and profiles for the same - Google Patents

Building, wall sections and profiles for the same Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0090473B1
EP0090473B1 EP83200437A EP83200437A EP0090473B1 EP 0090473 B1 EP0090473 B1 EP 0090473B1 EP 83200437 A EP83200437 A EP 83200437A EP 83200437 A EP83200437 A EP 83200437A EP 0090473 B1 EP0090473 B1 EP 0090473B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
building
sections
plates
walls
vertical
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Expired
Application number
EP83200437A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0090473A1 (en
Inventor
Rudolf Richard Hollander
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Staalframe BV
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Staalframe BV
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Publication date
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Priority to AT83200437T priority Critical patent/ATE20933T1/en
Publication of EP0090473A1 publication Critical patent/EP0090473A1/en
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Publication of EP0090473B1 publication Critical patent/EP0090473B1/en
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    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04BUILDING
    • E04BGENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/02Structures consisting primarily of load-supporting, block-shaped, or slab-shaped elements
    • E04B1/08Structures consisting primarily of load-supporting, block-shaped, or slab-shaped elements the elements consisting of metal

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a building according to the introductory part of claim 1.
  • Such a building is known from US-A-2 073 781 and is constructed in accordance with the wood skeleton building method.
  • the wood skeleton building method all supporting and non- supporting elements above the foundation, that is to say, the walls, the floors and the roof are made from wood with the exception of any coating and insulating materials.
  • the skeleton of the walls comprises horizontal and vertical members of standardized dimensions, which are joined by simple nail joints.
  • the resistance to deformation of the building is obtained by the plates arranged on the frameworks and, of course, by the bond of the walls with one another.
  • a conventional mode of construction consists in that the storey floor is disposed on the erected walls of the first floor, then the storey walls are disposed on the storey floor and on these storey walls are again arranged the storey floors for the higher storey or the rafters.
  • the wood skeleton building method has several important advantages.
  • One particularly important advantage is that this method usually does not impose any limitation on the designer and that any desired construction can be carried into effect by this method.
  • the building height is usually limited to three or four storeys.
  • a building constructed by the wood skeleton building method is relatively cheap and a high insulating value can be obtained in a simple manner.
  • a further advantage is that such a building has materially lower weight than a building of bricks or concrete. Owing to these advantages buildings are frequently erected in accordance with the wood skeleton building method in the U.S.A. and in Canada. In other countries too this method is progressing, since the highly increased building costs result in a growing interest in building methods by which high-grade buildings can be made, but which involve reasonable costs.
  • the advantages of the wood skeleton building method can be obtained by using cold-rolled steel sheet profiles, instead of wooden beams for the walls. Further by composing the walls of separate sections, building can be done more economically, as these sections can be made in a standard range.
  • standardization in this known building method is only possible in a limited way, so that still a great number of separate units and a complicated construction results.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a building of the kind set forth above constructed by a system which combines the most important advantages of the wood building method with the industrial possibilities of the usage of cold-rolled steel sheet profiles.
  • the members are provided at equal intervals with perforations for passing conduits and fastening means. Because of the flat edge faces, conduits can be easily passed through these perforations.
  • the sections are delivered on the building site provided with outer plates or as the case may be, with a temporary strut so that after the erection of the walls and the floors of the building the conduits can be arranged in place in a very simple manner. Subsequently the inner plates are mounted.
  • the horizontal peripheral members have a U-section profile and the vertical peripheral members have an open-box profile, the width of the open-box profile corresponding to the inner distance between the limbs of the U-profile.
  • the vertical peripheral members can be fitted by their ends in the horizontal peripheral members and in this structure the vertical members may be very thin whilst maintaining sufficient rigidity.
  • the horizontal and vertical members may be advantageously interconnected by a known cold- riveting method which is a very fast method requiring little effort.
  • the vertical peripheral members are provided for this purpose in their side faces with depressions around the perforations for the passage of rivets passed through corresponding perforations in the horizontal peripheral members.
  • the material of the horizontal peripheral members is slightly drawn inwardly into the depression of the vertical peripheral member concerned.
  • the head of the rivet can be drawn inside the plane of the framework so that the plates can be smoothly mounted on the framework.
  • the span elements are made from cold-rolled steel plate profiles. As stated above, they are relatively rigid in reasonable sizes so that the distance between two neighbouring span elements may be large. Since the span elements are disposed above the vertical peripheral members of the sections, these sections may consequently have a large module size.
  • the floor comprises girders being formed by two identical, substantially U-shaped profiles mounted web to web, the webs comprising each a profile part re-entrant in the direction towards the associated limbs.
  • the re-entrant profile parts thus constitute a long cavity in the mounted state of the two identical profiles matching high rigidity with very low weight.
  • the building according to the invention may be provided with any desired outer coating, for example bricks, natural stone, plaster and so on.
  • the outer coating is formed by asbestos-cement boards or a similar material.
  • the plates on the inner side of the building are preferably gypsum boards.
  • a suitable thickness for the sections is, for example, 10 cms.
  • the building 1 comprises walls, for example, a ground floor wall 2, a storey wall 3, a loft wall 4 and front walls 5 and 6 at the first floor and the ground floor respectively.
  • These walls 2 to 6 are formed by vertical members 8 and horizontal members 9.
  • each wall is constructed from separate sections 7 having a circumferential framework 12 of cold-rolled steel plate profiles so that adjacent sections 7 are mounted to one another by the vertical peripheral members 8.
  • the sections are provided on at least one side with plates, for example, an inner plate 10 and/or an outer plate 11.
  • the ground floor walls such as 2 and 6 are erected on a foundation 15 consisting of foundation beams 16, which may be arranged on piles, and a system floor 17 of known type arranged between the foundation beams.
  • the storey floor comprises girders 19, between which joists 20 are arranged.
  • the girders 19 are disposed on the sections 7 of the walls above the vertical peripheral members thereof. Consequently not any vertical effort is exerted on the upper horizontal peripheral member of each section.
  • On the floor beams 19, 20 is then arranged a floor slab 21.
  • the floor slabs 21 are preferably made from multi-plywood; they also contribute to the deformation-resistance of the construction.
  • the wall sections 7 for the first-floor walls such as 3 and 5 are erected on the storey floor that is to say on the slabs 21.
  • a loft floor 22 is placed on these first-floor walls in the same manner as the first floor 18.
  • the loft floor 22 is also provided with floor slabs 23.
  • a flat roof 24 which also consists of girders and joists, said roof having a structure corresponding with that of the storey floor 18 and the loft floor 22 and thus also being provided with slabs 26.
  • the roof plates 25 for the inclined roof faces are arranged in a manner to be described more fully hereinafter.
  • a window 30 in a section without the need for further precautions such as lintels and the like by connecting a window profile 31 with the vertical intermediate members and by providing the inner and outer plates with a recess.
  • a window frame can be mounted as is shown in Fig. 5.
  • Fig. 2 shows that in accordance with the invention perforations 32 are provided at equal intervals in the members of the sections 7.
  • the girders 19 also have perforations 32 at equal intervals. These perforations can be effectively made prior to cold-rolling of the profiles.
  • the perforations 32 serve to pass conduits through the walls and the floor construction.
  • a socket 34 is arranged in the perforation 32.
  • Other conduits such as the conduit 35 may be directly passed through the perforations concerned.
  • Fig. 2 furthermore shows that the horizontal members of each section 7 are formed by C-section profiles and the vertical members 8 by open-box profiles.
  • the width of the open-box profile 8 corresponds to the distance between the limbs of the horizontal members 9 so that the vertical members can fit in the horizontal members.
  • the members 8 of two adjacent sections 7 are interconnected, for example, by a cold rivet joint.
  • the girder 19 shown disposed on the vertical peripheral members 8 is formed by two identical, substantially U-shaped profiles mounted web-to-web. The webs each have a profiled part re-entrant in the direction of the associated limbs so that in the composed state a hollow cylinder 28 is formed.
  • the girder thus constructed has a very high rigidity and an indifferent behaviour to buckling.
  • the webs of the profiles 27 may again be interconnected by a cold rivet joint.
  • a number of profile parts 36 on which the joists 20 are mounted are arranged on the 'side face of the girder 19 .
  • the joists preferably have an open-box profile.
  • the profile parts 36 are fastened with the aid of rivets 37 to the girder 19.
  • the holes for the rivets as well as the perforations 32 for passing ducts are provided in an operation preceding the profile formation of the material.
  • the horizontally extending upper limb of the profile part 36 has a bore through which extends a bolt 39 which is engaged in the screwthread of a clamping piece 38.
  • the clamping piece 38 When mounting the joist 20 the clamping piece 38 is turned for about one quarter stroke with respect to the position shown in Fig. 3 and the bolt 39 is tightened so that the inwardly folded limbs of the profile of the joist 20 are clamped tight between the clamping piece 38 and the upper limb of the profile part 36. Since the holes for the rivet 37 are previously accurately positioned in the girder 19, the upper face of the joist 20 will lie on the same level as the upper face of the girder 19 without the need for further means. At its front end the joist 20 has a recess 40 so that it can engage the girder 19 in the manner shown in Fig. 2. The ceiling plates 45 are suspended in known manner by means of hangers 46 to the joists 20.
  • the inner plates 10, 45 are preferably gypsum plates, which are also satisfactorily resistant to fire.
  • double plates may be arranged on the inner side rather than the plates on the cavity side. In this way the resistance to collapsing of the walls is appreciably raised.
  • Fig. 4 shows that between two opposite storey floors, in the cavity between two separating walls an insulation 49 is arranged. This insulation serves to prevent fire from passing to the adjacent house through said interspace. Above at the wall, where the roof plate 25 is lying on the section concerned there is also provided the insulation 50. Otherwise it is apparent that the storey wall 3 is disposed on the floor slab 21 of the storey floor.
  • a window frame 54 is mounted on the boundary of the profile 31.
  • the window frame 54 is milled from a material in such a manner that a ridge 60 is formed, which covers the outer plate 11.
  • a finishing fillet 55 is provided on the inner side.
  • insulation tape of synthetic foam may be arranged between the outer plates 11 and the framework 12 of the section concerned.
  • This tape 52 not only reduces transfer of heat but also limits sound transmission.
  • the tape is applied to the members at least near the areas where the plates are fastened. This is shown in detail in Fig. 10.
  • a plate 53 is arranged for bridging the interspace caused by the storey floor.
  • Fig. 6 shows the construction in the area of the ridge of the roof.
  • a girder 19 On the normal section 7 and the triangular section 64 of the loft wall 4 is disposed in known manner a girder 19.
  • a plate 26 To the girder 19 and the joist 20 connected with the former is fastened a plate 26.
  • a triangular profile 61 is fastened around the plate 26.
  • a filling piece 62 On the upright side of the triangular profile 61 is arranged a filling piece 62.
  • the roof plate 25, which is formed in this embodiment by two relatively spaced aluminium plates with polyurethane foam sandwiched between, is fastened to the triangular profile 61.
  • the building shown in the Figures represents only one potential design.
  • the construction embodying the invention has the advantage that the freedom of design is hardly limited. Owing to the systematics of the structure a highly economic building method is obtained.
  • the sections and the inner and outer walls have each a length lying in a range including a full module size, half a module size and a full and half a module size minus once or twice the thickness of the section.
  • Sections having lengths in this range are shown in Fig. 8.
  • the section 71 shown has a length equal to half a module size 76.
  • the section 70 has a length equal to a full module size, that is to say, twice half the module size 76. With regard to commercially available sizes of sheet materials an appropriate module size is 2.50 ms.
  • the section 70 has four interspaces between vertical members 8 so that the interspace between two neighbouring members is each time 60 cms in this module size.
  • the section 73 has a length equal to half the module size 76 minus once the thickness of a section. This size is designated by 77.
  • the section 72 has a length equal to a full module size minus the wall thickness.
  • section 75 has a length 78 equal to half the module size minus twice the wall thickness and the section 74 has a length equal to the full module size minus twice the wall thickness.
  • FIG. 7 shows a sectional plan view of the ground floor of the building 1, in which the various sections are designated by the reference numerals of Fig. 8. It should be noted that the door openings are each arranged inside a section so that the sections extend on both sides of the door openings.
  • the sections in order to have the required resistance to deformation, have to be provided during transport with at least one stiffening element, for example, a plate or a strut. It is particularly interesting to provide the sections to be used in the outer walls previously with the outer plates so that the building is closed within a very short time. In those cases in which it is more effete to mount the plates afterwards, which may apply in particular to the inner walls, the sections can be transported and erected whilst being provided with a temporary strut. In Fig. 8 these temporary struts are indicated by broken lines 80.
  • Fig. 10 shows further details of the manner in which frameworks 12 of the sections are mounted.
  • the vertical profiles 8 are preferably formed by open-box profiles and the horizontal members 9 preferably by U-profiles.
  • the vertical members 8 have around the holes 85 depressions 86.
  • a horizontal member 9 is connected with a vertical member 8 by means of a rivet 87, the material of the horizontal member 9 is drawn inwardly into the depression 86 during the riveting operation, preferably a cold riveting operation so that a depression is also formed in the material of the member 9.
  • the head of the bolt 87 will lie within the side face of the framework.
  • the strut 80 is preferably fastened temporarily with the aid of a plate screw 89. When the framework is set up the strut 80 can be rapidly removed by loosening the screws 89.
  • the insulation tape 52 Prior to mounting the plates 11 the insulation tape 52 is applied in the manner described above.
  • the plates 11 are preferably fastened also with the aid of plate screws 90. These plate screws may effectively be of the self-fixing type.
  • Fig. 10 the wall thicknesses of the profiles are represented on an exaggerated scale. It has been found that for a building 1 as shown in Fig. 1 a thickness of the material of the profiles 8 and 9 of about 1.5 mm is sufficient.
  • the building shown in Figs. 11 and 12 (92) also comprises walls composed of the sections 7 described in the foregoing.
  • the rafters 93 are formed by open-box profiles 94 and 95.
  • the head plate 96 is fastened by means of rivets 97.
  • the members 91 are inserted into the open side of the profiles and fixed in place by rivets.
  • girders 98 are aranged across the rafters 93.
  • These girders 98 are preferably fastened to the rafters 93 in the manner corresponding to the fastening mode of the joists 20 to the girders 19.
  • the girders 98 also have an open-box profile and clamped to the rafters by means of a clamping plate 99 in which a screwthreaded bolt 100 is engaged.
  • a roofing plate On the girders 98 is arranged a roofing plate in known manner.
  • a building 92 of the kind shown in Figs. 11 and 12 may very effectively serve as a temporary dwelling or as a barn, a shed or the like.

Abstract

A building (1) comprising walls (2-6) consisting of frameworks (12) of horizontal (9) and vertical (8) posts provided at least on one side with plates (10, 11) ensuring resistance to deformation and span elements disposed on said walls such as floor beams (19) or rafters (93). Each wall is composed of separate sections (7) having at least one circumferential framework (12) of cold-rolled steel plate profiles, adjacent sections being mounted to one another by their vertical peripheral posts (8) and the span elements (19) being disposed above the vertical peripheral posts (8).

Description

  • The invention relates to a building according to the introductory part of claim 1.
  • Such a building is known from US-A-2 073 781 and is constructed in accordance with the wood skeleton building method. In the wood skeleton building method all supporting and non- supporting elements above the foundation, that is to say, the walls, the floors and the roof are made from wood with the exception of any coating and insulating materials. The skeleton of the walls comprises horizontal and vertical members of standardized dimensions, which are joined by simple nail joints. The resistance to deformation of the building is obtained by the plates arranged on the frameworks and, of course, by the bond of the walls with one another. A conventional mode of construction consists in that the storey floor is disposed on the erected walls of the first floor, then the storey walls are disposed on the storey floor and on these storey walls are again arranged the storey floors for the higher storey or the rafters.
  • The wood skeleton building method has several important advantages. One particularly important advantage is that this method usually does not impose any limitation on the designer and that any desired construction can be carried into effect by this method. However, the building height is usually limited to three or four storeys. In addition, a building constructed by the wood skeleton building method is relatively cheap and a high insulating value can be obtained in a simple manner. A further advantage is that such a building has materially lower weight than a building of bricks or concrete. Owing to these advantages buildings are frequently erected in accordance with the wood skeleton building method in the U.S.A. and in Canada. In other countries too this method is progressing, since the highly increased building costs result in a growing interest in building methods by which high-grade buildings can be made, but which involve reasonable costs.
  • According to the US patent specification mentioned above, the advantages of the wood skeleton building method can be obtained by using cold-rolled steel sheet profiles, instead of wooden beams for the walls. Further by composing the walls of separate sections, building can be done more economically, as these sections can be made in a standard range. However, standardization in this known building method is only possible in a limited way, so that still a great number of separate units and a complicated construction results.
  • The object of the present invention is to provide a building of the kind set forth above constructed by a system which combines the most important advantages of the wood building method with the industrial possibilities of the usage of cold-rolled steel sheet profiles.
  • In a building of the kind set forth in the preamble this is achieved in that vertical loads are transmitted directly via the span elements to the vertical members without being absorbed by the horizontal members. Whereas in the known method the vertical loads are divided over the upper side of the walls, according to the invention only the vertical peripheral members of the sections absorb vertical forces. Consequently the construction is much more simple and inside each section door or window openings can be quite freely made without the need for providing lintels laterally deflecting the vertical loads. This simplification of the construction very much enhances the possibilities for industrial production.
  • It has surprisingly been found that practically without detracting from the full freedom of design any desired construction can be carried into effect, with the span elements adequately spaced, when the sections have flat circumferential edge faces perpendicular to the sides and these sections in inner and outer walls have each a length lying in a range including: a complete module size, half the module size and the full and half module size minus once or twice respectively the thickness of the section. Therefore the industrial manufacture of at least the frameworks for the sections becomes interesting in view of the comparatively small number of different sections. For any building no or only very few specific sections need be made. For example, when the buiding to be erected has an inclined roof only few sections having an inclined side are required.
  • Preferably during manufacture the members are provided at equal intervals with perforations for passing conduits and fastening means. Because of the flat edge faces, conduits can be easily passed through these perforations. The sections are delivered on the building site provided with outer plates or as the case may be, with a temporary strut so that after the erection of the walls and the floors of the building the conduits can be arranged in place in a very simple manner. Subsequently the inner plates are mounted.
  • An advantageous construction is obtained when the horizontal peripheral members have a U-section profile and the vertical peripheral members have an open-box profile, the width of the open-box profile corresponding to the inner distance between the limbs of the U-profile. In this way the vertical peripheral members can be fitted by their ends in the horizontal peripheral members and in this structure the vertical members may be very thin whilst maintaining sufficient rigidity.
  • The horizontal and vertical members may be advantageously interconnected by a known cold- riveting method which is a very fast method requiring little effort. According to the invention the vertical peripheral members are provided for this purpose in their side faces with depressions around the perforations for the passage of rivets passed through corresponding perforations in the horizontal peripheral members. When the rivets are clamped, the material of the horizontal peripheral members is slightly drawn inwardly into the depression of the vertical peripheral member concerned. Thus the head of the rivet can be drawn inside the plane of the framework so that the plates can be smoothly mounted on the framework.
  • Preferably the span elements are made from cold-rolled steel plate profiles. As stated above, they are relatively rigid in reasonable sizes so that the distance between two neighbouring span elements may be large. Since the span elements are disposed above the vertical peripheral members of the sections, these sections may consequently have a large module size. This applies in particular when in accordance with the invention the floor comprises girders being formed by two identical, substantially U-shaped profiles mounted web to web, the webs comprising each a profile part re-entrant in the direction towards the associated limbs. The re-entrant profile parts thus constitute a long cavity in the mounted state of the two identical profiles matching high rigidity with very low weight.
  • As in the wood skeleton construction the building according to the invention may be provided with any desired outer coating, for example bricks, natural stone, plaster and so on. Preferably the outer coating is formed by asbestos-cement boards or a similar material. In order to ensure satisfactory rsistance to fire the plates on the inner side of the building are preferably gypsum boards.
  • A suitable thickness for the sections is, for example, 10 cms. By filling out the sections in accordance with the invention with mineral wool a very satisfactory thermal and sound insulation of the building can be obtained.
  • Further features and advantages of the invention will become apparent from the following description with reference to the Figures showing embodiments of the building in accordance with the invention.
    • Fig. 1 is a perspective view of a schematic building embodying the invention, with vertically disconnected and fragmentary parts.
    • Fig. 2 is a perspective view with fragmentary parts in the direction of the arrow II in Fig. 1.
    • Fig. 3 is a perspective view of a detail in the direction of the arrow III in Fig. 2.
    • Fig. 4 is a vertical sectional view of two adjacent walls between houses.
    • Fig. 5 is a sectional view taken on the line V-V in Fig. 1.
    • Fig. 6 shows in detail the construction at the place of the ridge of the roof in the direction of the arrow VI in Fig. 1.
    • Fig. 7 is a sectional plan view of the ground floor.
    • Fig. 8 schematically shows a number of sections embodying the invention of a length lying in a given range.
    • Fig. 9 is a scheme to illustrate the systematic in the range of sections of Fig. 8.
    • Fig. 10 is a fragmentary perspective view of the framework of a section embodying the invention.
    • Fig. 11 is a perspective view of a further form of a building embodying the invention.
    • Fig. 12 is an elevational view in the direction of the arrow XII in Fig. 11.
  • The building 1 comprises walls, for example, a ground floor wall 2, a storey wall 3, a loft wall 4 and front walls 5 and 6 at the first floor and the ground floor respectively. These walls 2 to 6 are formed by vertical members 8 and horizontal members 9. According to the invention each wall is constructed from separate sections 7 having a circumferential framework 12 of cold-rolled steel plate profiles so that adjacent sections 7 are mounted to one another by the vertical peripheral members 8. In order to obtain the deformation-resistance required for a wall the sections are provided on at least one side with plates, for example, an inner plate 10 and/or an outer plate 11.
  • The ground floor walls such as 2 and 6 are erected on a foundation 15 consisting of foundation beams 16, which may be arranged on piles, and a system floor 17 of known type arranged between the foundation beams.
  • When the bulding 1 is erected, first the ground floor walls are first formed from the sections 7. Subsequently the storey floor 18 is arranged on the ground floor walls. According to the invention the storey floor comprises girders 19, between which joists 20 are arranged. The girders 19 are disposed on the sections 7 of the walls above the vertical peripheral members thereof. Consequently not any vertical effort is exerted on the upper horizontal peripheral member of each section. On the floor beams 19, 20 is then arranged a floor slab 21. The floor slabs 21 are preferably made from multi-plywood; they also contribute to the deformation-resistance of the construction.
  • When the storey floor 18 is arranged in place, the wall sections 7 for the first-floor walls such as 3 and 5 are erected on the storey floor that is to say on the slabs 21. On these first-floor walls is placed a loft floor 22 in the same manner as the first floor 18. The loft floor 22 is also provided with floor slabs 23.
  • On the loft floor 22 are erected the loft walls such as 4 and thereon is placed a flat roof 24, which also consists of girders and joists, said roof having a structure corresponding with that of the storey floor 18 and the loft floor 22 and thus also being provided with slabs 26.
  • The roof plates 25 for the inclined roof faces are arranged in a manner to be described more fully hereinafter.
  • Since in accordance with the invention only the vertical peripheral members absorb vertical load, there is full freedom in designing the wall between the two verncal peripheral members of a section 7. As is shown in Fig. 1, it is therefore possible to provide a window 30 in a section without the need for further precautions such as lintels and the like by connecting a window profile 31 with the vertical intermediate members and by providing the inner and outer plates with a recess. As a matter of course, apart from the windows, doors and other openings can be provided. In the window opening 30 a window frame can be mounted as is shown in Fig. 5.
  • Fig. 2 shows that in accordance with the invention perforations 32 are provided at equal intervals in the members of the sections 7. The girders 19 also have perforations 32 at equal intervals. These perforations can be effectively made prior to cold-rolling of the profiles. The perforations 32 serve to pass conduits through the walls and the floor construction. For passing a synthetic resin conduit 33 first a socket 34 is arranged in the perforation 32. Other conduits such as the conduit 35 may be directly passed through the perforations concerned.
  • Fig. 2 furthermore shows that the horizontal members of each section 7 are formed by C-section profiles and the vertical members 8 by open-box profiles. The width of the open-box profile 8 corresponds to the distance between the limbs of the horizontal members 9 so that the vertical members can fit in the horizontal members. The members 8 of two adjacent sections 7 are interconnected, for example, by a cold rivet joint. The girder 19 shown disposed on the vertical peripheral members 8 is formed by two identical, substantially U-shaped profiles mounted web-to-web. The webs each have a profiled part re-entrant in the direction of the associated limbs so that in the composed state a hollow cylinder 28 is formed. The girder thus constructed has a very high rigidity and an indifferent behaviour to buckling. The webs of the profiles 27 may again be interconnected by a cold rivet joint. On the 'side face of the girder 19 are arranged a number of profile parts 36 on which the joists 20 are mounted. As is shown, the joists preferably have an open-box profile. The profile parts 36 are fastened with the aid of rivets 37 to the girder 19. The holes for the rivets as well as the perforations 32 for passing ducts are provided in an operation preceding the profile formation of the material. The horizontally extending upper limb of the profile part 36 has a bore through which extends a bolt 39 which is engaged in the screwthread of a clamping piece 38. When mounting the joist 20 the clamping piece 38 is turned for about one quarter stroke with respect to the position shown in Fig. 3 and the bolt 39 is tightened so that the inwardly folded limbs of the profile of the joist 20 are clamped tight between the clamping piece 38 and the upper limb of the profile part 36. Since the holes for the rivet 37 are previously accurately positioned in the girder 19, the upper face of the joist 20 will lie on the same level as the upper face of the girder 19 without the need for further means. At its front end the joist 20 has a recess 40 so that it can engage the girder 19 in the manner shown in Fig. 2. The ceiling plates 45 are suspended in known manner by means of hangers 46 to the joists 20. It is thus possible to arrange an insulation blanket of mineral wool on the entire surface of the ceiling and hence right below the girders. It is thus ensured that in the event of fire the girders will not become too hot soon which would result in sagging. This effect could give rise to warping of the sidewalls due to sagging girders. In order to prevent the insulation blanket from disengaging when the ceiling boards are collapsing, it is fastened to the joists 20.
  • As stated above, the inner plates 10, 45 are preferably gypsum plates, which are also satisfactorily resistant to fire. In the walls separating houses, one of which is shown in Fig. 2 and two adjacent walls are shown in Fig. 4, double plates may be arranged on the inner side rather than the plates on the cavity side. In this way the resistance to collapsing of the walls is appreciably raised. After the ceiling 45 is arranged, a finishing fillet 48 is mounted.
  • Between the inner plates 10 and the framework 12 of the section 7 is sandwiched a moist-inhibiting foil 14.
  • Fig. 4 shows that between two opposite storey floors, in the cavity between two separating walls an insulation 49 is arranged. This insulation serves to prevent fire from passing to the adjacent house through said interspace. Above at the wall, where the roof plate 25 is lying on the section concerned there is also provided the insulation 50. Otherwise it is apparent that the storey wall 3 is disposed on the floor slab 21 of the storey floor.
  • In the window opening 30 a window frame 54 is mounted on the boundary of the profile 31. The window frame 54 is milled from a material in such a manner that a ridge 60 is formed, which covers the outer plate 11. On the inner side a finishing fillet 55 is provided.
  • In order to avoid cold bridges insulation tape of synthetic foam may be arranged between the outer plates 11 and the framework 12 of the section concerned. This tape 52 not only reduces transfer of heat but also limits sound transmission. The tape is applied to the members at least near the areas where the plates are fastened. This is shown in detail in Fig. 10.
  • Between the outer plates 11 of the superposed wall sections 7 a plate 53 is arranged for bridging the interspace caused by the storey floor.
  • Fig. 6 shows the construction in the area of the ridge of the roof. On the normal section 7 and the triangular section 64 of the loft wall 4 is disposed in known manner a girder 19. To the girder 19 and the joist 20 connected with the former is fastened a plate 26. Above the girder 19 a triangular profile 61 is fastened around the plate 26. On the upright side of the triangular profile 61 is arranged a filling piece 62. The roof plate 25, which is formed in this embodiment by two relatively spaced aluminium plates with polyurethane foam sandwiched between, is fastened to the triangular profile 61. Near the loft floor 22 and the storey floor 18 are aranged profiles corresponding with the triangular profile 61 on which the roof plates 25 are lying. For finishing purposes a covering profile 63 is provided and in known manner several layers of roofing material 65 are arranged on the resultant construction.
  • The building shown in the Figures represents only one potential design. As stated above, the construction embodying the invention has the advantage that the freedom of design is hardly limited. Owing to the systematics of the structure a highly economic building method is obtained.
  • According to an important aspect of the invention the sections and the inner and outer walls have each a length lying in a range including a full module size, half a module size and a full and half a module size minus once or twice the thickness of the section. Sections having lengths in this range are shown in Fig. 8. The section 71 shown has a length equal to half a module size 76. The section 70 has a length equal to a full module size, that is to say, twice half the module size 76. With regard to commercially available sizes of sheet materials an appropriate module size is 2.50 ms. The section 70 has four interspaces between vertical members 8 so that the interspace between two neighbouring members is each time 60 cms in this module size.
  • The section 73 has a length equal to half the module size 76 minus once the thickness of a section. This size is designated by 77. The section 72 has a length equal to a full module size minus the wall thickness. Also section 75 has a length 78 equal to half the module size minus twice the wall thickness and the section 74 has a length equal to the full module size minus twice the wall thickness. By means of this range of sections 70 to 75 substantially any structural problem can be solved. This is illustrated in Fig. 9 from which it is apparent that for a square room having an outer size equal to half the module size the sections 71, 73 and 75 are sufficient.
  • For further illustration Fig. 7 shows a sectional plan view of the ground floor of the building 1, in which the various sections are designated by the reference numerals of Fig. 8. It should be noted that the door openings are each arranged inside a section so that the sections extend on both sides of the door openings.
  • It will be obvious that by using sections having lengths in the range mentioned above the great advantage is obtained that a building 1 as shown in Fig. 1 can be erected by an exceptionally small number of different objects. For this building apart from the sections of said range six triangular sections 64 of the same size are employed. By including also these triangular sections 64 in the system the system becomes substantially universal.
  • As described in the foregoing the sections, in order to have the required resistance to deformation, have to be provided during transport with at least one stiffening element, for example, a plate or a strut. It is particularly interesting to provide the sections to be used in the outer walls previously with the outer plates so that the building is closed within a very short time. In those cases in which it is more efective to mount the plates afterwards, which may apply in particular to the inner walls, the sections can be transported and erected whilst being provided with a temporary strut. In Fig. 8 these temporary struts are indicated by broken lines 80.
  • Fig. 10 shows further details of the manner in which frameworks 12 of the sections are mounted. As described above the vertical profiles 8 are preferably formed by open-box profiles and the horizontal members 9 preferably by U-profiles. The vertical members 8 have around the holes 85 depressions 86. When a horizontal member 9 is connected with a vertical member 8 by means of a rivet 87, the material of the horizontal member 9 is drawn inwardly into the depression 86 during the riveting operation, preferably a cold riveting operation so that a depression is also formed in the material of the member 9. Thus the head of the bolt 87 will lie within the side face of the framework. As is shown the strut 80 is preferably fastened temporarily with the aid of a plate screw 89. When the framework is set up the strut 80 can be rapidly removed by loosening the screws 89.
  • Prior to mounting the plates 11 the insulation tape 52 is applied in the manner described above. The plates 11 are preferably fastened also with the aid of plate screws 90. These plate screws may effectively be of the self-fixing type.
  • It should be noted that in Fig. 10 the wall thicknesses of the profiles are represented on an exaggerated scale. It has been found that for a building 1 as shown in Fig. 1 a thickness of the material of the profiles 8 and 9 of about 1.5 mm is sufficient.
  • Apart from the building 1 described above the system embodying the invention permits of erecting any. other building. The building shown in Figs. 11 and 12 (92) also comprises walls composed of the sections 7 described in the foregoing. On the walls above the vertical peripheral members of the sections are disposed rafters 93 instead of girders 19. The rafters 93 are formed by open- box profiles 94 and 95. The head plate 96 is fastened by means of rivets 97. The members 91 are inserted into the open side of the profiles and fixed in place by rivets. In the longitudinal direction girders 98 are aranged across the rafters 93. These girders 98 are preferably fastened to the rafters 93 in the manner corresponding to the fastening mode of the joists 20 to the girders 19. The girders 98 also have an open-box profile and clamped to the rafters by means of a clamping plate 99 in which a screwthreaded bolt 100 is engaged. On the girders 98 is arranged a roofing plate in known manner.
  • A building 92 of the kind shown in Figs. 11 and 12 may very effectively serve as a temporary dwelling or as a barn, a shed or the like.
  • Owing to the far-reaching system design the various elements can be effectively manufactured on an industrial scale which results in that at relatively low costs any desired building can be constructed in small or large numbers without markedly affecting the freedom of design.

Claims (14)

1. A building (1) comprising walls (2-7) composed of separate sections (7) having a circumferential framework (12) of horizontal (9) and vertical (8) members of cold-rolled steel sheet profiles, provided at least on one side with plates (10, 11) ensuring resistance to deformation, adjacent sections being mounted to one another by their vertical peripheral members, and span elements (19) such as floor beams or rafters disposed on said walls, being laid up on the horizontal peripheral members (9) of the sections (7) directly above the vertical peripheral members (8) thereof, characterized in that the vertical loads are transmitted directly via the span elements (19) to the vertical members (8) without being absorbed by the horizontal members (9).
2. A building as claimed in Claim 1 characterized in that the sections (7) have flat circumferential edge faces perpendicular to the sides and in that the sections (7) in the inner and outer walls have each a length lying in a range including a full module size, half a module size and a full and a half module size minus once or twice the thickness of the section respectively (Fig. 8).
3. A building as claimed in Claim 1 or 2 characterized in that the vertical members (8) have perforatiens (32, 85) at equal intervals for passing conduits (33, 35) and fastening means (37, 87).
4. A building as claimed in any one of the preceding Claims characterized in that the horizontal peripheral members (9) have a U-profile and the vertical peripheral members (8) an open-box profile, the width of the open-box profile corresponding to the inner distance between the limbs of the U-profile.
5. A building as claimed in Claim 4 characterized in that the vertical peripheral members (8) have, in their side faces, depressions (86) around the perforation (85) for passing rivets (87) passed through registering perforations in the horizontal peripheral members (9).
6. A building as claimed in any one of the preceding -Claims characterized in that the span elements are made from cold-rolled steel plate profiles.
7. A building as claimed in Claim 6 characterized in that the floor beams comprise girders (19) disposed on the walls and joists (20) aranged between adjacent girders and in that the girders are formed by two identical, substantially U-shaped profiles (27) mounted web-to-web, the webs having each a profile part re-entrant in the direction of the associated limbs.
8. A building as claimed in any one of the preceding Claims characterized in that the plates (10) of the inner walls are formed by gypsum plates.
9. A building as claimed in any one of the preceding Claims characterized in that the outer wall plates (11) are formed by plates of asbestos-cement or a similar material.
10. A building as claimed in any one of the preceding Claims characterized in that plates (22, 23) formed by multi-plywood slabs are arranged on the floor beams.
11. A building as claimed in any one of the preceding Claims characterized in that each framework is mainly filled out with mineral wool (13).
12. A building as claimed in any one of the preceding Claims characterized in that the separation walls of two houses having a cavity (51) between them comprise sections having plates exclusively on the side of the house.
13. A building as claimed in Claim 12 characterized in that the plates of the separation wall sections are double plates (Fig. 4).
14. A building as claimed in any one of the preceding Claims, characterized by being provided in the form of a construction kit, consisting of separate parts, ready for assembling.
EP83200437A 1982-03-29 1983-03-28 Building, wall sections and profiles for the same Expired EP0090473B1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT83200437T ATE20933T1 (en) 1982-03-29 1983-03-28 BUILDINGS, WALL ELEMENTS AND PROFILES FOR THE SAME.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
NL8201299 1982-03-29
NL8201299A NL8201299A (en) 1982-03-29 1982-03-29 BUILDING, WALL SECTIONS AND PROFILES THEREFOR.

Publications (2)

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EP0090473A1 EP0090473A1 (en) 1983-10-05
EP0090473B1 true EP0090473B1 (en) 1986-07-23

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EP83200437A Expired EP0090473B1 (en) 1982-03-29 1983-03-28 Building, wall sections and profiles for the same

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EP (1) EP0090473B1 (en)
AT (1) ATE20933T1 (en)
DE (1) DE3364630D1 (en)
NL (1) NL8201299A (en)

Families Citing this family (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB8329626D0 (en) * 1983-11-05 1983-12-07 Ash & Lacy Plc Wall/roof assemblies
FR2624158A1 (en) * 1987-12-07 1989-06-09 Sercca LIGHT FACADE BUILDING DEVICE
DE19606857C2 (en) * 1996-02-23 2001-07-05 Chiemgauer Holzhaus Siemer & Z Prefabricated wall element for a building
DE19620296C1 (en) * 1996-05-21 1997-11-27 Adolf Imhoff Compound system for building purposes with self-supporting panel elements
DE19854401A1 (en) * 1998-11-25 2000-06-15 Compaktbau Flohr Raumsysteme G Structural kit for producing single or multi-storey buildings has prefabricated structural elements with steel support structure and parallel horizontal supports and vertical supports with insulating and cladding elements
DE10012483A1 (en) * 2000-03-15 2001-09-27 Christoph Bornebusch Buildings made of prefabricated building elements and methods for the construction of the same
CN117468610B (en) * 2023-12-27 2024-03-22 中国建筑设计研究院有限公司 Buckling-restrained box plate type enclosure wall plate structure and design method thereof

Family Cites Families (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2073781A (en) * 1932-07-06 1937-03-16 Salvator S Calafati Jr Building construction
US2356309A (en) * 1941-05-09 1944-08-22 Gustav W Garbe Construction unit
FR1528620A (en) * 1966-09-09 1968-06-14 Prefabricated load-bearing panels and construction using such panels
US4161089A (en) * 1977-12-14 1979-07-17 Omansky Martin B Modular building structure system
FR2486565A1 (en) * 1980-07-09 1982-01-15 Lacoste Maurice Frame for wind-bracing walls - has wooden ring beams and metal bracing frames reducing differential cracking

Also Published As

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NL8201299A (en) 1983-10-17
DE3364630D1 (en) 1986-08-28
EP0090473A1 (en) 1983-10-05
ATE20933T1 (en) 1986-08-15

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