GB1291019A - Improved process for preparing ionomers - Google Patents
Improved process for preparing ionomersInfo
- Publication number
- GB1291019A GB1291019A GB21285/71A GB2128571A GB1291019A GB 1291019 A GB1291019 A GB 1291019A GB 21285/71 A GB21285/71 A GB 21285/71A GB 2128571 A GB2128571 A GB 2128571A GB 1291019 A GB1291019 A GB 1291019A
- Authority
- GB
- United Kingdom
- Prior art keywords
- copolymers
- per cent
- cross
- acid
- linking
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
- 229920000554 ionomer Polymers 0.000 title 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title 1
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 abstract 6
- 238000004132 cross linking Methods 0.000 abstract 3
- VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethene Chemical compound C=C VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 2
- 239000005977 Ethylene Substances 0.000 abstract 2
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-OWOJBTEDSA-N Fumaric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)\C=C\C(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-OWOJBTEDSA-N 0.000 abstract 2
- OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Malonic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(O)=O OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 2
- XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc monoxide Chemical compound [Zn]=O XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 2
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N acrylic acid group Chemical group C(C=C)(=O)O NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 2
- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 abstract 2
- 229920006242 ethylene acrylic acid copolymer Polymers 0.000 abstract 2
- 239000000314 lubricant Substances 0.000 abstract 2
- 229920003145 methacrylic acid copolymer Polymers 0.000 abstract 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 abstract 2
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N trans-butenedioic acid Natural products OC(=O)C=CC(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 2
- 235000014692 zinc oxide Nutrition 0.000 abstract 2
- XOOUIPVCVHRTMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc stearate Chemical compound [Zn+2].CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O.CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O XOOUIPVCVHRTMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 abstract 2
- XLYMOEINVGRTEX-ONEGZZNKSA-N (e)-4-ethoxy-4-oxobut-2-enoic acid Chemical compound CCOC(=O)\C=C\C(O)=O XLYMOEINVGRTEX-ONEGZZNKSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- JAHNSTQSQJOJLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(3-fluorophenyl)-1h-imidazole Chemical compound FC1=CC=CC(C=2NC=CN=2)=C1 JAHNSTQSQJOJLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- OEPOKWHJYJXUGD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(3-phenylmethoxyphenyl)-1,3-thiazole-4-carbaldehyde Chemical group O=CC1=CSC(C=2C=C(OCC=3C=CC=CC=3)C=CC=2)=N1 OEPOKWHJYJXUGD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- WROUWQQRXUBECT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-ethylacrylic acid Chemical compound CCC(=C)C(O)=O WROUWQQRXUBECT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- NLHHRLWOUZZQLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acrylonitrile Chemical group C=CC#N NLHHRLWOUZZQLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 abstract 1
- 229920000089 Cyclic olefin copolymer Polymers 0.000 abstract 1
- IMROMDMJAWUWLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethenol Chemical group OC=C IMROMDMJAWUWLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- 235000021314 Palmitic acid Nutrition 0.000 abstract 1
- BZHJMEDXRYGGRV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Vinyl chloride Chemical group ClC=C BZHJMEDXRYGGRV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 150000008064 anhydrides Chemical class 0.000 abstract 1
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 235000012255 calcium oxide Nutrition 0.000 abstract 1
- UUAGAQFQZIEFAH-UHFFFAOYSA-N chlorotrifluoroethylene Chemical group FC(F)=C(F)Cl UUAGAQFQZIEFAH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000000295 complement effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- -1 erucic Chemical class 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000001530 fumaric acid Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- XLYMOEINVGRTEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N fumaric acid monoethyl ester Natural products CCOC(=O)C=CC(O)=O XLYMOEINVGRTEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000026030 halogenation Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000005658 halogenation reaction Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical group 0.000 abstract 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-] XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 abstract 1
- 150000004679 hydroxides Chemical class 0.000 abstract 1
- 235000020778 linoleic acid Nutrition 0.000 abstract 1
- OYHQOLUKZRVURQ-HZJYTTRNSA-N linoleic acid group Chemical class C(CCCCCCC\C=C/C\C=C/CCCCC)(=O)O OYHQOLUKZRVURQ-HZJYTTRNSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- 235000012245 magnesium oxide Nutrition 0.000 abstract 1
- AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium;oxygen(2-) Chemical class [O-2].[Mg+2] AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UPHRSURJSA-N maleic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)\C=C/C(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UPHRSURJSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000011976 maleic acid Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- FPYJFEHAWHCUMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N maleic anhydride Chemical compound O=C1OC(=O)C=C1 FPYJFEHAWHCUMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 229910052751 metal Chemical class 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000002184 metal Chemical class 0.000 abstract 1
- 150000002736 metal compounds Chemical class 0.000 abstract 1
- 229910000000 metal hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 abstract 1
- 229940117841 methacrylic acid copolymer Drugs 0.000 abstract 1
- 125000005395 methacrylic acid group Chemical group 0.000 abstract 1
- XJRBAMWJDBPFIM-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl vinyl ether Chemical group COC=C XJRBAMWJDBPFIM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- LVHBHZANLOWSRM-UHFFFAOYSA-N methylenebutanedioic acid Natural products OC(=O)CC(=C)C(O)=O LVHBHZANLOWSRM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-KTKRTIGZSA-N oleic acid group Chemical class C(CCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC)(=O)O ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-KTKRTIGZSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- 150000002943 palmitic acids Chemical class 0.000 abstract 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 abstract 1
- 229920001567 vinyl ester resin Polymers 0.000 abstract 1
- 125000000391 vinyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])=C([H])[H] 0.000 abstract 1
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000011787 zinc oxide Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000004711 α-olefin Substances 0.000 abstract 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L23/00—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
- C08L23/02—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after-treatment
- C08L23/025—Copolymers of unspecified olefins with monomers other than olefins
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K5/00—Use of organic ingredients
- C08K5/04—Oxygen-containing compounds
- C08K5/09—Carboxylic acids; Metal salts thereof; Anhydrides thereof
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L23/00—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
- C08L23/02—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after-treatment
- C08L23/04—Homopolymers or copolymers of ethene
- C08L23/08—Copolymers of ethene
- C08L23/0846—Copolymers of ethene with unsaturated hydrocarbons containing atoms other than carbon or hydrogen
- C08L23/0869—Copolymers of ethene with unsaturated hydrocarbons containing atoms other than carbon or hydrogen with unsaturated acids, e.g. [meth]acrylic acid; with unsaturated esters, e.g. [meth]acrylic acid esters
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/00—Use of inorganic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/18—Oxygen-containing compounds, e.g. metal carbonyls
- C08K3/20—Oxides; Hydroxides
- C08K3/22—Oxides; Hydroxides of metals
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L2312/00—Crosslinking
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Addition Polymer Or Copolymer, Post-Treatments, Or Chemical Modifications (AREA)
- Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
- Processes Of Treating Macromolecular Substances (AREA)
- Manufacture Of Porous Articles, And Recovery And Treatment Of Waste Products (AREA)
- Organic Insulating Materials (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US22692A US3649578A (en) | 1970-03-25 | 1970-03-25 | Process for preparing ionomers |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| GB1291019A true GB1291019A (en) | 1972-09-27 |
Family
ID=21810935
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB21285/71A Expired GB1291019A (en) | 1970-03-25 | 1971-04-19 | Improved process for preparing ionomers |
Country Status (6)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US3649578A (enExample) |
| JP (1) | JPS5341173B1 (enExample) |
| DE (1) | DE2114326C2 (enExample) |
| FR (1) | FR2085006A5 (enExample) |
| GB (1) | GB1291019A (enExample) |
| NL (1) | NL168861C (enExample) |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB2173805A (en) * | 1985-04-01 | 1986-10-22 | Nat Res Dev | Coating processes |
| WO2015048266A1 (en) * | 2013-09-27 | 2015-04-02 | Rohm And Haas Chemicals Llc | Water dispersible films for packaging high water containing formulations |
| US10400114B2 (en) | 2013-09-27 | 2019-09-03 | Rohm And Haas Company | Ionic strength triggered disintegration of films and particulates |
Families Citing this family (38)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS5318544B2 (enExample) * | 1971-10-11 | 1978-06-15 | ||
| JPS49111905A (enExample) * | 1973-02-27 | 1974-10-24 | ||
| US3969434A (en) * | 1973-10-29 | 1976-07-13 | E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Process for preparing ionically crosslinked copolymers |
| JPS52114609U (enExample) * | 1976-02-26 | 1977-08-31 | ||
| JPS5598242A (en) * | 1979-01-17 | 1980-07-26 | Mitsui Petrochem Ind Ltd | Preparing aqueous dispersion |
| US4373068A (en) * | 1980-03-24 | 1983-02-08 | The Firestone Tire & Rubber Company | Thermally reversible copolymers and process for the preparation thereof |
| US4307210A (en) * | 1980-03-24 | 1981-12-22 | The Firestone Tire & Rubber Company | Thermally reversible copolymers and process for the preparation thereof |
| US4363897A (en) * | 1980-03-24 | 1982-12-14 | The Firestone Tire & Rubber Company | Thermally reversible copolymers and process for the preparation thereof |
| US4414359A (en) * | 1980-03-24 | 1983-11-08 | The Firestone Tire & Rubber Company | Diene-containing rubber compositions having improved green strength |
| US4366291A (en) * | 1980-03-24 | 1982-12-28 | The Firestone Tire & Rubber Company | Thermally reversible copolymers and process for the preparation thereof |
| US4381376A (en) * | 1980-12-29 | 1983-04-26 | Allied Corporation | Preparation of low molecular weight copolymer salts |
| JPS5837005A (ja) * | 1981-08-31 | 1983-03-04 | Mitsui Toatsu Chem Inc | 熱可塑性樹脂より揮発性物質を除去する方法 |
| US4420580A (en) * | 1982-02-08 | 1983-12-13 | The Dow Chemical Company | Method for preparing filled polyolefin resins and the resin made therefrom |
| DE3374319D1 (en) * | 1982-08-04 | 1987-12-10 | Allied Corp | Preparation of salts of low molecular weight copolymers using metal oxides |
| US4774290A (en) * | 1984-10-18 | 1988-09-27 | The Dow Chemical Company | Ethylene copolymers reacted with metal oxides |
| US4666988A (en) * | 1984-10-18 | 1987-05-19 | The Dow Chemical Company | Ethylene copolymers reacted with metal oxides |
| US4716202A (en) * | 1986-08-22 | 1987-12-29 | E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Preparation of aluminum ionomers of carboxylic acid copolymers |
| US4884814A (en) * | 1988-01-15 | 1989-12-05 | Spalding & Evenflo Companies, Inc. | Golf ball |
| JP2635354B2 (ja) * | 1988-03-02 | 1997-07-30 | 住友ゴム工業株式会社 | 変性アイオノマー樹脂の製法 |
| US5516847A (en) * | 1991-09-03 | 1996-05-14 | Lisco, Inc. | Golf ball cover having an ionic copolymer/non-ionic copolymer blend |
| JP3065398B2 (ja) * | 1991-09-25 | 2000-07-17 | 住友ゴム工業株式会社 | ゴルフボール |
| US5306760A (en) * | 1992-01-09 | 1994-04-26 | Lisco, Inc. | Improved golf ball cover compositions containing high levels of fatty acid salts |
| US5312857A (en) * | 1992-01-09 | 1994-05-17 | Lisco, Inc. | Golf ball cover compositions containing high levels of metal stearates |
| EP0699707B1 (en) * | 1994-08-30 | 2003-05-14 | Sartomer Company, Inc. | Curable elastomer compositions with improved mold release |
| US6777472B1 (en) * | 1998-10-21 | 2004-08-17 | E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Highly-neutralized ethylene copolymers |
| US20050267240A1 (en) * | 1999-10-21 | 2005-12-01 | Chen John C | Moisture resistant highly-neutralized ethylene copolymers and their use in golf balls |
| US6653382B1 (en) * | 1999-10-21 | 2003-11-25 | E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Highly-neutralized ethylene copolymers and their use in golf balls |
| US6953820B2 (en) * | 1999-10-21 | 2005-10-11 | E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Highly-neutralized ethylene copolymers and their use in golf balls |
| US7175543B2 (en) * | 2005-01-26 | 2007-02-13 | Callaway Golf Company | Golf ball and thermoplastic material |
| US7156755B2 (en) * | 2005-01-26 | 2007-01-02 | Callaway Golf Company | Golf ball with thermoplastic material |
| US7612134B2 (en) * | 2005-02-23 | 2009-11-03 | Callaway Golf Company | Golf ball and thermoplastic material |
| US7312267B2 (en) * | 2005-02-23 | 2007-12-25 | Callaway Golf Company | Golf ball and thermoplastic material |
| US7612135B2 (en) | 2006-02-17 | 2009-11-03 | Callaway Golf Company | Golf ball and thermoplastic material |
| JP5599613B2 (ja) * | 2006-11-02 | 2014-10-01 | ダウ グローバル テクノロジーズ エルエルシー | 高品質アイオノマーの製造方法 |
| US8044136B2 (en) | 2007-11-01 | 2011-10-25 | E.I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Golf balls with cores or intermediate layers prepared from highly-neutralized ethylene copolymers and organic acids |
| US8202925B2 (en) | 2009-05-26 | 2012-06-19 | E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Golf balls with cores or intermediate layers prepared from highly-neutralized ethylene terpolymers and organic acids |
| WO2025096217A1 (en) | 2023-10-31 | 2025-05-08 | Dow Global Technologies Llc | Ionomers of ethylene acid copolymers with improved ultraviolet stability |
| WO2025106369A1 (en) | 2023-11-15 | 2025-05-22 | Dow Quimica Mexicana S.A.De C.V. | Thick parts and profiles with stone appearance using ionomer resins and bio-fillers |
Family Cites Families (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| BE621846A (enExample) * | 1961-08-31 | 1900-01-01 | ||
| NL137201C (enExample) * | 1965-05-27 | |||
| DE1255305B (de) * | 1966-05-31 | 1967-11-30 | Bayer Ag | Thermoplastische Formmassen zur Herstellung von Formkoerpern oder Beschichtungen aus Mischpolymerisaten |
| US3437718A (en) * | 1967-01-23 | 1969-04-08 | Du Pont | Polymer blends |
-
1970
- 1970-03-25 US US22692A patent/US3649578A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1971
- 1971-03-23 FR FR7110119A patent/FR2085006A5/fr not_active Expired
- 1971-03-24 JP JP1658371A patent/JPS5341173B1/ja active Pending
- 1971-03-24 DE DE2114326A patent/DE2114326C2/de not_active Expired
- 1971-03-25 NL NLAANVRAGE7104038,A patent/NL168861C/xx not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1971-04-19 GB GB21285/71A patent/GB1291019A/en not_active Expired
Cited By (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB2173805A (en) * | 1985-04-01 | 1986-10-22 | Nat Res Dev | Coating processes |
| GB2173805B (en) * | 1985-04-01 | 1989-06-21 | Nat Res Dev | Coating processes |
| US4873130A (en) * | 1985-04-01 | 1989-10-10 | National Research Development Corporation | Coating process for the preparation of coherent protective layer |
| WO2015048266A1 (en) * | 2013-09-27 | 2015-04-02 | Rohm And Haas Chemicals Llc | Water dispersible films for packaging high water containing formulations |
| CN105518069A (zh) * | 2013-09-27 | 2016-04-20 | 罗门哈斯化学品有限责任公司 | 用于包装高含水制剂的水可分散膜 |
| CN105518069B (zh) * | 2013-09-27 | 2018-02-06 | 罗门哈斯公司 | 用于包装高含水制剂的水可分散膜 |
| AU2014326617B2 (en) * | 2013-09-27 | 2018-06-14 | Rohm And Haas Company | Water dispersible films for packaging high water containing formulations |
| US10047329B2 (en) | 2013-09-27 | 2018-08-14 | Rohm And Haas Chemicals Llc | Water dispersible films for packaging high water containing formulations |
| US10400114B2 (en) | 2013-09-27 | 2019-09-03 | Rohm And Haas Company | Ionic strength triggered disintegration of films and particulates |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| NL168861C (nl) | 1982-05-17 |
| DE2114326C2 (de) | 1982-09-16 |
| JPS5341173B1 (enExample) | 1978-10-31 |
| FR2085006A5 (enExample) | 1971-12-17 |
| NL168861B (nl) | 1981-12-16 |
| US3649578A (en) | 1972-03-14 |
| DE2114326A1 (de) | 1971-10-14 |
| JPS463443A (enExample) | 1971-10-30 |
| NL7104038A (enExample) | 1971-09-28 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PS | Patent sealed [section 19, patents act 1949] | ||
| PE20 | Patent expired after termination of 20 years |