FR3094781A1 - COMBUSTION HEATING DEVICE TO FIGHT AGAINST LATE FREEZING OR ANY OTHER THREAT IN VINES, ORCHARDS AND CROPS - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to a combustion heating device (1) intended for a growing or arboricultural zone. The heating device comprises a combustion chamber (2), a receptacle (8) arranged in the combustion chamber (2) and comprising an enclosure (80) intended to receive a fuel and an exhaust duct (3). According to the invention, the combustion chamber (2) comprises a first air exchange zone (41) between the outside and the inside of the heater (1). The receptacle (8) comprises an upstream face (81) and a downstream face (82), the upstream face (81) facing the first air exchange zone (410). The receptacle (8) further includes a surface defining at least one side of an air channel through which air flows from the first air exchange zone (41). Figure for abstract: 1

Description

COMBUSTION HEATER TO FIGHT AGAINST LATE FROST OR ANY OTHER THREATS IN VINEYARDS, ORCHARDS AND CROPS

Technical field of the invention

The present invention relates to a combustion heater. The invention also relates to a use and a method of igniting the heating device to generate heat from a fuel, preferably a biomass-based fuel.

In particular, the heating device according to the invention and the use of this device are intended to fight against late frost or any other threat in vineyards, orchards and crops.

Presentation of the technical problem

Each time spring arrives, in the vineyards, market gardens or areas of fruit trees, spring frosts cause havoc during the sap rise period, also called the "budding" period, i.e. in April and May. for the Western Europe zone (Germany, Spain, France, Italy, Switzerland and Portugal). The phenomenon is similar in the countries of the southern hemisphere of the temperate zone in October and November.

Most farms, to protect themselves from an event that is difficult to cover for insurance, use protection techniques.

The existing devices at the present time are the mixing of air by wind turbine, the use of helicopters, intensive watering (1m ³ of water per second), the installation of paraffin cans on fire (400 to 500 cans of 15 kg per hectare) and traditional gas burners and other fuel heaters. These are all systems which, independently of their quite relative efficiency, are very expensive to operate.

In view of these problems, an objective of the invention is to propose a design making it possible to effectively protect cultivation or arboriculture areas from the risks of seasonal frost, while being inexpensive and simple to set up.

With this object in view, the invention proposes a combustion heating device comprising:
- a combustion chamber,
- a receptacle disposed in the combustion chamber and comprising an enclosure intended to contain a combustible material, said enclosure forming a hearth of the heating device, and
- an exhaust duct communicating with the combustion chamber.

In the heating device, a combustion gas formed from the combustion of combustible material flowing from the hearth to the exhaust duct in a flow direction from upstream to downstream.

According to the invention, the receptacle comprises an upstream face and a downstream face and each of said faces comprising through openings. In addition, the combustion chamber comprises a first wall arranged opposite the upstream face and comprising a first air exchange zone between the outside and the inside of the heating device. Finally, the receptacle comprises a surface defining at least one side of an air channel in which the air coming from the first air exchange zone circulates.

In other words, the first air exchange zone here is an air inlet making it possible to introduce oxygen into the heating device, in particular into the combustion chamber. In other words, thanks to this first exchange zone, oxygen is supplied in sufficient quantity to the heating device to carry out combustion.

In addition, the presence of the air channel increases the circulation of air in the heating device, which guarantees a good quality combustion allowing to generate a strong protective heat of the zones of culture or arboriculture. Such combustion also makes it possible to reduce smoke and reduce harmful molecules present in the combustion gases into harmless molecules and/or having little impact on the environment.

In addition, the exhaust duct allows the heat generated by the combustion to be widely diffused in the cultivation or arboriculture area to combat the risk of frost, present in particular at the onset of spring.

Finally, the heating device as described is simple to set up and does not require expensive means for its manufacture and its implementation.

By way of example, the receptacle is made of metal which resists high temperatures, for example temperatures equal to or greater than 300° C. The receptacle is also called "burner" in the vocabulary of those skilled in the art.

According to different embodiments, the invention comprises one or more of the following features which can be used separately or in partial combination with each other or in total combination with each other.

For example, the heating device has a second air exchange zone between the exterior and the interior of the heating device, said second exchange zone being formed on a second wall of the combustion chamber and located downstream of the receptacle.

Thus, the second air exchange zone allows the arrival of secondary air supplying the interior part of the combustion chamber. The arrival of the secondary air can be at the level of the first exchange zone or of the second exchange zone, or of these two zones. This secondary air creates combustion regeneration by supplying oxygen.

According to an exemplary embodiment, the heating device comprises a third air exchange zone between the exterior and the interior of the heating device, said third exchange zone being formed on the exhaust duct or on a wall of the combustion chamber different from the first wall.

In this way, the third exchange zone provides an additional quantity of oxygen which reacts with the combustion gases just before the outlet of the device. This reaction makes it possible to reduce, or even eliminate, the smoke given off by combustion. This creates an optimized combustion without any smoke.

By way of example, each air exchange zone comprises several through orifices and/or slots.

According to an example of the invention, the receptacle comprises a bar connecting the upstream face to the downstream face, having a cross-section in U or inverted V, and defining the air channel.

Alternatively, the receptacle has a rectangular section and the combustion chamber has a circular cross section. In this case, the semi-diagonal of the rectangular section of the receptacle is less than the radius of the circular section of the combustion chamber. The space between the receptacle section and the circular section of the combustion chamber defines the air channel.

According to an exemplary embodiment, the exhaust duct comprises a first end facing the combustion chamber and a second free end, opposite the first end. The device includes a heat radiating member attached to the exhaust duct and located above the second free end of the exhaust duct. Thus, the radiating element makes it possible to more effectively diffuse the heat generated by the combustion and thus to reach a larger surface in the area to be protected.

According to another exemplary embodiment, the device comprises a support on which the combustion chamber is placed. Thus, the support is used as a leveling means making it possible to maintain the stability and the flat level of the heating device on any type of ground, in particular on sloping ground. This ensures proper operation of the heater during combustion.

According to the previous paragraph, the stand is equipped with height-adjustable feet. Thus, the entire device can be tilted in relation to the conformity of the ground from 0° to 45° by adjusting the height of the feet.

According to an exemplary embodiment, the heating device comprises a supply hopper communicating with the combustion chamber via the supply inlet. The feed hopper makes it easier to fill the combustion chamber with fuel. In addition, the feed hopper can be used as a fuel storage space, which extends the service life of the heater.

According to an exemplary embodiment, the heating device comprises an electric and/or electronic firing device, said device comprising a firelighter and a means for activating the firelighter. This saves time in starting up the device. Simply activate the firing device to ignite the fuel. Manual ignition is therefore avoided, which takes time and sometimes presents a risk of burns.

According to the previous paragraph, the firing device comprises a means of telecommunication receiving control signals from a terminal, and a control unit.

The terminal here is an electronic device having access to telecommunication networks in order to send commands to the firing device. The terminal can be, for example, a computer or a mobile phone connected to the Internet network, Bluetooth, Zigbee, and others.

The computer starts the means for activating the firelighter following the control signal received by the telecommunication means.

The connected firing device makes it possible to react in real time and directly to climatic threats weighing on crops, according to the temperature and hygrometry data available to the user. In other words, the firing device makes it possible to avoid damage caused by climatic hazards.

According to an exemplary embodiment, the firing device comprises a temperature and hygrometry sensor communicating with the control unit.

Thus, the control unit can automatically trigger the production of heat according to temperature and humidity data from the sensor.

According to an exemplary embodiment, the means for activating the firelighter comprises an electric activator generating heat by the Joule effect and an element that is flammable under the effect of the heat. The electrical activator may be an electrical resistor. The flammable element may be in the form of a pellet encapsulating heat-sensitive flammable chemical components. This type of pellet is often used in the pyrotechnic field.

Another object of the invention relates to a method of lighting a heating device according to the invention. The latter comprises an electric and/or electronic firing device comprising a firelighter, means for activating the firelighter, telecommunication means intended to receive control signals from a terminal, and a command center.

According to the invention, the method comprises the following steps:
- reception of control signals from a terminal by the communication means;
- processing of control signals by the control unit;
- starting of the means of activating the firelighter by the control unit; And
- Ignition of the firelighter by said activation means.

Another object of the invention relates to a method of lighting a heating device according to the invention. The latter comprises an electrical and/or electronic firing unit comprising a firelighter, means for activating the firelighter, telecommunication means intended to receive control signals from a terminal, a central control unit and a sensor a temperature and humidity sensor communicating with the control unit.

According to the invention, the ignition method comprises the following steps:
- recovery and processing of data from the temperature and hygrometry sensor by the control unit;
- Depending on said data, starting of the firelighter activation means by the control unit; And
- Ignition of the firelighter by said activation means.

Thus, thanks to the methods described previously, the starting of the heating device can be carried out either remotely or automatically, which makes it possible to react more quickly, and therefore more effectively, to the change in weather in order to protect areas of cultivation or arboriculture

A final object of the invention relates to the use of the combustion heating device according to the invention by putting a fuel into combustion to produce protective heat for vineyards, market gardens or areas of fruit trees against seasonal frosts.

More specifically, the use of the heating device is particularly intended for the protection of all crops subject to the risk of late spring frost, during the flowering period, as well as the protection of seedlings, their growth, as well as the protection of seedlings and young plants in ventilated greenhouses all year round.

According to the two previous paragraphs, the fuel used is based on biomass.

By definition, biomass includes a set of materials of plant origin, natural or cultivated from the surface of the earth.

For example, biomass-based fuel is produced by the plantations and crops to be protected. In fact, each year, during the different pruning phases, the recovery of dead wood generates energy potential that is reused in the form of shredded material or pellets, which helps in the management of waste from the plantation.

In addition, any type of fuel falling into the category of energy from biomass is also accepted. For example, one can use forest or industrial chips, pellets, agro-pellets comprising the olive stone, the shell of nuts.

Biomass fuel is a renewable, environmentally friendly source of energy, which generates a positive carbon and environmental impact while using combustion to produce protective heat.

Brief descriptions of figures

Other characteristics and advantages of the invention will appear during the reading of the detailed description which will follow for the understanding of which reference will be made to the appended drawings in which:

- Figure 1 is a schematic perspective view of a combustion heater according to a first embodiment of the invention;

- Figure 2 is a front view of a receptacle forming part of the heating device of Figure 1;

- Figure 3 is a side view of the receptacle of Figure 2;

- Figure 4 is a top view of the receptacle of Figure 2;

- Figure 5 is an exploded plan view of a heating device according to a second embodiment of the invention.

- Figure 6 is a perspective view of a heating device according to a third embodiment of the invention;

- Figure 7 is a perspective view of a first sleeve for fixing a feed hopper to a combustion chamber of the device of Figure 6;

- Figure 8 is a perspective view of a second sleeve for fixing an exhaust duct to the combustion chamber of the heating device of Figure 6:

- Figure 9 is a perspective view of a receptacle of the heating device of Figure 6; And

- Figure 10 is a front view of a lower part of the heating device of Figure 6.

Detailed description of the invention

In the following description, identical, similar or analogous elements will be designated by the same reference numerals.

In the following description, for the sake of clarity, we define a reference R consisting of three axes including a longitudinal axis L, a transverse axis T and a vertical axis V. The reference R is illustrated at least in part, for example on figures 1, 3, 6, 10.

Here, the longitudinal axis L is parallel to the horizontal, the transverse axis is parallel to the horizontal and perpendicular to the longitudinal axis L. The vertical axis V is perpendicular to the other two axes. The terms “top” and “bottom” are defined with respect to the vertical axis V and correspond respectively to the top and bottom of FIGS. 1 to 10. Furthermore, the terms “left” and “right”, as well as their derivatives , correspond to the left and right of Figures 1 to 10.

Finally, the terms “upstream” and “downstream” are defined with respect to the direction of circulation of the combustion gas in the heating device.

First example of realization

Referring to Figure 1, a combustion heating device 1 according to a first embodiment of the invention is intended for the protection of farms, in particular vineyards, against seasonal frosts and in particular spring frosts. In the application of the combustion heating device 1 to protect the vines, this device is also called a heater. For its use, the heating device is placed in the area to be protected, on the ground, between two adjacent rows of vines.

In the example shown, Combustion Heater 1 uses a biomass fuel material for its positive carbon and environmental impact. The combustible material is hereinafter referred to as fuel.

The heating device 1 here comprises a combustion chamber 2 equipped with a supply inlet 21 and an outlet 22. The inlet 21 and the outlet 22 are visible in figure 2.

The fuel is introduced into the combustion chamber 2 via the supply inlet 21.

The combustion chamber 2 further comprises an access made on a first wall 23 of the chamber 2. Here, the first wall is a left axial wall 23. The access is closed by a flap 25 rotating around a horizontal hinge. The access allows a user to access the interior of combustion chamber 2 and to evacuate ashes through this access.

Here, by way of illustration and not limitation, the combustion chamber has a length L of 500 mm, a width k of 200 mm and a height h of 200 mm.

In the example illustrated, the fuel is fed into the combustion chamber by means of a feed hopper 5. The feed hopper 5 having the shape of a funnel makes it possible to better guide the flow of fuel and to avoid fuel losses during chamber filling 2.

In addition, the hopper 5 can serve as a fuel storage space when the combustion chamber 2 is full. In this case, the hopper 5 has permanent access to the combustion chamber 2 so that the weight of the column of fuel stored in the hopper 5 exerts a force on the fuel in the combustion chamber in order to make the fuel in the room compact enough. Furthermore, the hopper 5 continuously feeds the combustion chamber, which allows a long heating time for maximum efficiency.

According to one example, the hopper is designed so as to be able to contain a volume of fuel based on biomass of the wood pellet type, having a weight substantially equal to 20 kilograms and ensuring a minimum combustion of eight hours.

In the example illustrated, the feed hopper 5 comprises an opening 51 located at the top and into which the fuel is poured. Hopper 5 also includes an outlet 52 located opposite opening 51. Outlet 52 is in communication with supply inlet 21.

Furthermore, in the example illustrated, the hopper 5 comprises a cover 53 placed on the opening 51 after the filling of the fuel is finished. The purpose of the cover 53 is to protect the fuel from humidity and other environmental factors which may alter the quality of the fuel and which may therefore lower the efficiency of combustion.

In one example, in order to improve the seal in the hopper when the latter is closed by the cover 53, a seal can be provided on the cover 53.

During combustion, the heat generated from this reaction circulates from the combustion chamber to the outlet 22 and then into an exhaust duct 3. Here, the exhaust duct 3 is fitted into the outlet 22.

In this example, the exhaust duct 3 has a cylindrical shape and extends vertically. The height of the exhaust duct 3 is adapted to the size of the vines, so that the heat can be diffused above the vines.

In the example illustrated, the whole of the combustion chamber 2, the hopper 5 and the exhaust duct 3 is placed on a support 6. The support 6 makes it possible to raise the combustion chamber 2 in relation to the ground, which allows a better evacuation of the heat below the combustion chamber. By way of example, the height p of the support 6 is between 60 mm and 100 mm, preferably 80 mm.

In addition, the support 6 can include height-adjustable feet which can be adapted to the profile of the ground on which the heating device is placed so that the assembly is stable and parallel to the horizontal. In another example, the height-adjustable feet can put the assembly in a tilted position relative to the floor.

As illustrated in Figure 1, the heating device 1 comprises an electric and electronic firing member 9.

In this example, the firing device 9 comprises a control box 91 which contains telecommunication means and a control unit.

Here, the telecommunication means has the function of receiving control signals transmitted by a terminal and of transmitting information signals to the terminal. A terminal can be a portable telephone or a computer having access to a telecommunications network. The telecommunication medium also serves to inform the user of the terminal of the position of the heating device, the combustion conditions, and other useful information.

By way of example, the position of the heating device can be determined by a satellite positioning system, also called a GPS system for “Global Positioning System” in English. Combustion-related conditions can be determined using measurement sensors, such as a temperature and humidity sensor. The GPS system as well as the measurement sensors can be put in the control box 91.

The processing of control signals and information signals is carried out by the control unit. Indeed, by analyzing control signals coming from a telephone or a computer, said control unit activates the necessary elements in the firing device 9 to start the combustion. Furthermore, the control unit gathers the data measured by the sensors and the GPS system and sends this information to the terminal. Thus, the user can remotely monitor the combustion and easily find the place where the heating device is placed.

The aforementioned elements on the control box 91 can withstand temperatures equal to or less than 50°C.

The firing unit 9 further comprises a fire lighter 93 and a means for activating the fire lighter 92. Here, these two elements are installed in the combustion chamber 2.

By way of example, the means for activating the firelighter 92 comprises an electrical resistor which converts electrical energy into heat by the Joule effect. A battery is placed close to the control box 91 to supply electrical energy to the electrical resistance.

The activation means 92 further comprises a chemical pellet containing chemical components which ignites under the effect of heat.

In this example, the firelighter 93 used is of the wood wool type.

When the telecommunication means receives a command signal to light the fire, the control unit starts the electrical resistance. Alternatively, the control unit can start the electrical resistance based on data from the temperature and humidity sensor, without the need for remote user intervention.

Following the order from the control unit, the electric activator heats up and provides heat causing the chemical pellet to heat up until a fire starts. This start of fire ignites the firelighter 93, which then allows the start of the combustion of the biomass-based fuel.

Thus, the firing device 9 allows automatic management and remote control of the combustion of the heating device according to meteorological readings. The heating device is therefore more reactive and reacts more quickly and efficiently compared to existing heating systems which are operated manually.

According to the invention and as in the first exemplary embodiment, the heating device 1 comprises a receptacle 8 arranged in the combustion chamber 2, precisely, below the supply inlet 21.

A first variant of the receptacle 8 is illustrated in Figures 3 to 5.

According to this first variant, the receptacle 8 comprises four faces extending substantially along the vertical axis V.

Specifically, the receptacle 8 here comprises an upstream face 81 and a downstream face 82 opposite to each other and both perpendicular to the longitudinal axis L. The receptacle 8 also comprises a third face 84 and a fourth face 85 opposite each other and both perpendicular to the transverse axis T. The four faces of the receptacle 8 delimit an enclosure 80. This is filled with fuel and thus forms the hearth of the heating device during operation. of the device. Here, enclosure 80 is located opposite power input 21.

In addition, the four faces of the receptacle make it possible to maintain the fuel in the enclosure 80 in the form of a compact block.

Here, the upstream and downstream faces 81 and 82 are mirror-symmetrical with respect to a vertical plane P passing through the middle of the other faces 84 and 85. The plane P is illustrated in FIG. 4. Each of the upstream and downstream faces 81 and 82 comprises plates 84 extending along the longitudinal axis L and inclined downwards. This inclination of the plates 84 makes it possible to prevent fuel from escaping to the outside of the enclosure 80. The plates 84 direct the fuel downwards and towards the interior of the receptacle 8.

Furthermore, the plates 84 are parallel to each other and distanced from each other. As illustrated in Figure 2, a through opening 810 is defined between two adjacent plates 84. The through openings 810 allow air to pass through the fuel block.

In the example illustrated, the receptacle 8 further comprises a bar 83 extending along the longitudinal axis L and connecting the upstream face 81 to the downstream face 82. This longitudinal bar 83 here has an inverted V-shaped cross section. In other words, the V-section is open towards the ground. The internal surface of the bar 83, that is to say the surface oriented towards the inside of the two wings 831 and 832 of the V, defines an air channel 85 in which the air coming from the outside circulates. The two wings of the V of the bar 83 prevent the fuel from obstructing this air channel, which guarantees free circulation of the air in the combustion chamber 2.

Air circulation is thus facilitated, which improves combustion in combustion chamber 2.

In order to promote the arrival of air in the receptacle 8, the latter is placed in the combustion chamber so that the upstream face 81 is opposite a first wall 23 of the combustion chamber. 2, which includes a first air exchange zone 41.

Here, the first air exchange zone 41 comprises a plurality of through slots. Thanks to these slots, the air from outside can enter the combustion chamber 2 and quickly reach the upstream face 81 of the receptacle 8. The air from outside then passes through the fuel block by passing through the through openings 810.

During combustion, the displacement of the combustion gas and the heat within the chamber 2 towards the exhaust duct calls for air from outside via the first air exchange zone 41. In addition , as explained previously, the air circulation is facilitated by the presence of the air channel 85, and this in a direction from the upstream face 81 towards the downstream face 82 of the receptacle 8.

Thus, with an oxygen supply, the first exchange zone 41 makes the combustion more efficient, which makes it possible to generate more heat to be distributed.

In the example illustrated, the heating device comprises a second air exchange zone 42 between the inside and the outside of the device. Here, the second air exchange zone 42 is made on a second wall 24 of the combustion chamber 2. In this example, the second wall 24 is an upper side wall.

The second air exchange zone 42 comprises several through orifices located downstream of the receptacle 8. The second exchange zone 42 actively participates in a second combustion phase.

Indeed, during a first combustion phase carried out with a supply of oxygen via the first exchange zone 41, the air inside the combustion chamber is heated under the effect of the heat generated from the combustion. . In the second combustion phase, this hot air expands and occupies an increasingly large volume in chamber 2 until it reaches the second exchange zone 42 through which the hot air escapes to the outside. Following the exhaust of hot air, a phenomenon of suction of cool air outside the heating device occurs. This suction causes more outside air to enter the combustion chamber via the first exchange zone 41 and/or the second exchange zone 42. Thus, the combustion is further boosted in order to provide more heat, which makes the even more efficient heating device.

In addition, this additional air supply makes it possible to transform the combustion gases into harmless gases, which reduces the release of pollutants by the heating device.

As illustrated in Figure 1, the heating device 1 further comprises a third air exchange zone 43 between the inside and the outside of the device. Here, the third air exchange zone 43 comprises several through openings made on the exhaust duct 3. The third air exchange zone 43 allows a new supply of oxygen which transforms the residual combustion gases which arrive in the exhaust duct 3. This makes it possible to create an optimized combustion without smoke.

The second and third air exchange zones 42 and 43 are added to the first air exchange zone 41 to create an environment conducive to powerful combustion by providing an abundant quantity of oxygen without the need for a significant height of the exhaust duct. In other words, the presence of the three air exchange zones allows a design of the exhaust duct adapted to the cultivation area, in particular to the vineyard field.

Second example of realization

FIG. 5 illustrates a heating device 10 according to a second embodiment of the invention. The heating device 10 comprises elements similar or identical to those illustrated in the first example embodiment. The difference between the two exemplary embodiments resides in the shape of a few elements of the heating device.

Indeed, in the second embodiment, the feed hopper 5 has an upper section having a square section and a lower section having a frustoconical section. The exhaust duct 3 is formed of several tubes assembled with each other.

In the second embodiment, the left side wall 23 includes the flap 25 rotating around a vertical hinge. A rectangular opening 415 is made on the flap 25 and closed by a rotary door 416. The assembly of the rectangular opening 415 and of the rotary door 416 forms the first air exchange zone 410. The second and third zones air exchange 41 and 42 remain identical to those of the first embodiment.

Similarly, the receptacle 8 is included in the heating device 10 according to the second example. The firing device 9 with its elementary components 91, 92 and 93 as well as the support 6 can be used in the heating device according to the second example.

Compared to the first example, the device 10 according to the second example further comprises a radiation member 7 is attached to the exhaust duct 3 above a free end 31 of said duct 3. Here, the radiation member 7 has a square section and includes four flanges 71 folded down, here towards the ground. This hat-like structure of the radiating member 7 makes it possible to direct heat downwards in all directions in order to increase the radiating surface of the device.

The radiation organ has dimensions, in particular a height and a surface, which may vary according to the zones and the plantations. The distance d between a lower end 72 of the radiation member 7 and the free end 31 varies according to the power of the heating device. By way of example, the distance d can be of the order of 150 mm.

By way of illustration, the height of the exhaust duct is dimensioned so that the height H measured between the ground and the free end 31 of the exhaust duct 3 is 1250 mm. Such a height H is greater than the height of most vines. Thus, the heat generated from the combustion is distributed along the body of the vines, from head to foot.

Third example of realization

Figures 6 to 10 illustrate a heating device 100 according to a third embodiment of the invention. As in the two previous examples, the heater 100 includes a combustion chamber 200, a supply hopper 500, an exhaust duct 300, and a receptacle 800.

The 500 feed hopper includes a 530 cover to protect the fuel primarily from moisture in the air. A radiation member 700 is placed above the exhaust duct 300 so as to leave a distribution space between an upper end 310 of the exhaust duct 300 and the radiation member 700.

It should be noted that the firing device 9 described previously can work perfectly with the heating device 100.

In this example, the combustion chamber 200 has a circular cross-section, and includes a supply inlet 210 and an outlet 230. The inlet 210 communicates with the hopper 500 while the outlet 230 communicates with the exhaust duct 300 To achieve the fixing of the hopper 500 on the combustion chamber 200, the latter is equipped with a first fixing sleeve 215 in which fits a lower portion 510 for fixing the hopper 500. In other words, the section of the lower fixing portion 510 is complementary to that of the first sleeve 210.

In the same way, to fix the exhaust duct 300 on the combustion chamber 200, the latter comprises a second fixing sleeve 225 in which to fit a lower portion 320 for fixing the exhaust duct 300. The section of the second sleeve 225 and the section of the lower portion 320 are complementary.

In the example illustrated, the particularity of the first and second fixing sleeves 215 and 225 is that their respective upper edge, respectively forming the inlet 210 and the outlet 220, has in the transverse direction a concavity corresponding to the curvature of a second side wall 240 of the combustion chamber. In this way, the combustion chambers 2 of different heaters can be stacked on top of each other by resting the second side wall 240 of the chamber above on the upper edges of the sleeves 215 and 225 of the chamber below.

As illustrated in Figure 9, the heating device 100 comprises a receptacle 800 having a rectangular section. As in the previous examples, the receptacle 800 comprises four faces extending substantially in the vertical direction, including an upstream face 810 and a downstream face 820. The upstream and downstream faces 820 each comprise several plates inclined 840 and parallel to each other in such a way to form through openings 830.

As in the previous examples, the receptacle 800 is arranged in the combustion chamber 200 so that the upstream face 810 is opposite a first wall 230 of the chamber 200 on which is formed a first zone of exchange of air 411. Here, the first wall 230 is an axial wall located to the right of FIG. 6 and formed by a door for opening and closing the combustion chamber 200. As for the first exchange zone 411, it comprises several through slots extending substantially along the vertical axis V, as shown in Figure 10.

In this example, the receptacle 800 and the combustion chamber 200 are dimensioned so that the semi-diagonals d1 of the receptacle 800 are less than or equal to the radius r of the combustion chamber 200. In this way, when the receptacle 800 is placed in the combustion chamber 200, the space between the rectangular section of the receptacle 800 and the circular section of the chamber 200 forms an air channel 850. The latter has the same advantages as the air channel 85 presented in the examples previous ones. Consequently, the V-shaped longitudinal bar 83 can be omitted in this third example.

As observed in Figures 6 and 7, the heating device 100 comprises a second air exchange zone 420 between the inside and the outside of the device. This second air exchange zone 420 is made on the second side wall 240 and located after the receptacle 800.

The heating device 100 further comprises a third air exchange zone 430 which is made this time on the second fixing sleeve 225. Of course, the third air exchange zone 430 is located below from the lower end of the exhaust duct 300 so as not to be blocked by the latter.

The three air exchange zones 410 to 430 of this example provide the same advantages as those of the two previous examples, namely to create efficient combustion without smoke in order to produce a large quantity of heat to fight, in an effective manner, against seasonal frosts.

Claims (10)

Combustion heating device (1; 10; 100) comprising:
- a combustion chamber (2; 200),
- a receptacle (8; 800) disposed in the combustion chamber (2; 200) and comprising an enclosure (80) intended to contain a combustible material, said enclosure (80) forming a hearth of the heating device, and
- an exhaust duct (3; 300) communicating with the combustion chamber (2; 200),
a combustion gas, formed from the combustion of the combustible material, flowing from the hearth towards the exhaust duct (3; 300) in a flow direction (F) from upstream to downstream,
said device (1; 10; 100) being characterized in that
- the receptacle (8; 800) comprises an upstream face (81; 810) and a downstream face (82; 820) and each of said faces comprising through openings (810);
- the combustion chamber (2; 200) comprises a first wall (23; 230) arranged opposite the upstream face (81; 810) and comprising a first air exchange zone (41; 410 ) between the outside and the inside of the heating device (1; 10; 100); And
- the receptacle (8; 800) comprises a surface defining at least one side of an air channel (85; 850) in which circulates the air coming from the first air exchange zone (41; 410) . Device (1; 10; 100) according to claim 1, characterized in that it comprises a second air exchange zone (42; 420) between the outside and the inside of the heating device (1; 10 ; 100), said second exchange zone (42; 420) being formed on a second wall (24; 240) of the combustion chamber (2; 200) and located downstream of the receptacle (8; 800). Device (1; 10; 100) according to claim 2, characterized in that it comprises a third air exchange zone (43) of the heating device (1; 10), said third exchange zone (43 ) being performed on the exhaust duct (3) or on a wall of the combustion chamber different from the first wall (23; 230). Device (1; 10; 100) according to one of Claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the receptacle (8) comprises a bar (83) connecting the upstream face (81) to the downstream face (82), having a U-shaped or inverted-V cross-section, and defining the air channel (85). Device (1; 10; 100) according to one of Claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the receptacle (800) has a rectangular section and the combustion chamber (200) has a circular cross section, in that the half - diagonal (d1) of the rectangular section of the receptacle (800) is less than the radius € of the circular section of the combustion chamber (200), and in that the space between the rectangular section of the receptacle (800) and the circular section of the combustion chamber (200) define the air channel (850). Device (1; 10; 100) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it comprises an electrical and/or electronic firing device (9), said device comprising a fire lighter (93) and a activation means (92) of the firelighter. Device (1; 10; 100) according to the preceding claim, characterized in that the firing device (9) comprises telecommunication means intended to receive control signals from a terminal, and a control unit. Device (1; 10; 100) according to the preceding claim, characterized in that the firing device (9) comprises a temperature and humidity sensor communicating with the control unit. Method of lighting a heating device (1; 10; 100) according to claim 7, characterized in that it comprises the following steps:
- reception of control signals from a terminal by the communication means;
- processing of control signals by the control unit;
- Start of the activation means (92) of the firelighter by the control unit; And
- ignition of the firelighter (93) by said activation means (92). Method of lighting a heating device according to claim 8, characterized in that it comprises the following steps:
- recovery and processing of data from the temperature and hygrometry sensor by the control unit;
- Depending on said data, starting of the activation means (92) of the firelighter by the control unit; And
- ignition of the firelighter (93) by said activation means (92).