EP2038598B1 - Hot gas generator and drying or dehydratiion installation employing such a generator - Google Patents

Hot gas generator and drying or dehydratiion installation employing such a generator Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2038598B1
EP2038598B1 EP07788897A EP07788897A EP2038598B1 EP 2038598 B1 EP2038598 B1 EP 2038598B1 EP 07788897 A EP07788897 A EP 07788897A EP 07788897 A EP07788897 A EP 07788897A EP 2038598 B1 EP2038598 B1 EP 2038598B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
hot gas
chamber
gas generator
hot
generator according
Prior art date
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Not-in-force
Application number
EP07788897A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP2038598A2 (en
Inventor
Patrick Delaine
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Nexter Munitions SA
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Nexter Munitions SA
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Priority to PL07788897T priority Critical patent/PL2038598T3/en
Publication of EP2038598A2 publication Critical patent/EP2038598A2/en
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Publication of EP2038598B1 publication Critical patent/EP2038598B1/en
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H3/00—Air heaters
    • F24H3/02—Air heaters with forced circulation
    • F24H3/06—Air heaters with forced circulation the air being kept separate from the heating medium, e.g. using forced circulation of air over radiators
    • F24H3/08—Air heaters with forced circulation the air being kept separate from the heating medium, e.g. using forced circulation of air over radiators by tubes
    • F24H3/087—Air heaters with forced circulation the air being kept separate from the heating medium, e.g. using forced circulation of air over radiators by tubes using fluid fuel
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F26—DRYING
    • F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
    • F26B21/00—Arrangements or duct systems, e.g. in combination with pallet boxes, for supplying and controlling air or gases for drying solid materials or objects
    • F26B21/001—Drying-air generating units, e.g. movable, independent of drying enclosure
    • F26B21/002—Drying-air generating units, e.g. movable, independent of drying enclosure heating the drying air indirectly, i.e. using a heat exchanger

Definitions

  • the technical field of the invention is that of hot gas generators, including generators for equipping the dewatering or drying units of materials.
  • This device uses the combustion gases directly. But these include residues that impregnate in a more or less strong way the dried material and limit the subsequent uses of this material.
  • the patent US 2119817 discloses a hot gas generator consisting of a set of pipes arranged around a central focus and a gas chamber. Each tube is in the form of a multispire tube but this document is orite on the structure of this generator, in particular the attachment of the tubes on the upper plate. No regulation means is provided.
  • the invention aims to provide a hot gas generator to overcome such drawbacks.
  • the generator according to the invention thus makes it possible to generate a stream of hot gas whose chemical characteristics can be completely controlled.
  • the generator according to the invention also makes it possible to control the temperature of the gas generated while ensuring the recovery of thermal energy from the burner or firebox with excellent efficiency.
  • the generator according to the invention can implement burners or fireplaces of various technologies using all types of fuels. It ensures in all cases the generation of a hot and clean gas does not disrupt the drying process or dehydration.
  • the subject of the invention is a hot gas generator, in particular for a dehydration or drying unit, a generator comprising a burner or a hearth, and at least one exchange circuit comprising at least one tubing in which the gas to be heated, tubing having a fresh gas inlet end and a hot gas discharge outlet, tubing having a heat exchange surface between the combustion gases generated by the burner or furnace and the gas to be heated flowing in the tubing, the tubing also ensuring a physical separation between the heated gases and the combustion gases generated by the burner or the hearth, characterized in that it comprises means for regulating the speed of the hot gases leaving the different pipes.
  • the pipe or pipes of the exchange circuits will preferably be oriented so that the flow of heated gas flows in the tubing in a direction opposite to that of the flow of combustion gases from the burner or hearth.
  • Each exchange circuit may furthermore comprise an outlet collecting channel and at least one intake channel, the outlet manifold and the inlet channel being connected to each other by means of tubes that are substantially parallel to each other. other.
  • the intake channels and the outlet manifold may be substantially annular.
  • the hot gas generator may comprise at least one set of tubes having a corrugated profile.
  • It may also include a hot gas collecting duct, conduit which will be connected to the outlet manifold by tubes.
  • It may also include a fresh gas supply duct which will be connected to the various intake channels by tubes.
  • the means for regulating the speed of the hot gases will be constituted by valves interposed between the fresh gas supply duct and each tube connecting this duct to the different intake ducts.
  • the intake channels will be advantageously compartmentalized in different sectors, each sector being connected to a single valve.
  • the hot gas generator may comprise at least two exchange circuits, each exchange circuit being disposed in a chamber through which the combustion gases circulate.
  • the two chambers may be concentric, the passage of combustion gases from one chamber to another being effected at a first end of a first chamber, the flow direction of the combustion gases being in the second chamber the opposite of the one in the first room.
  • the fresh gas supply duct may be arranged coaxially with the first chamber and inside a flue gas discharge chimney.
  • the burner or fireplace may also be disposed at a second end of the first chamber.
  • the hot gas generator may comprise a third chamber surrounding the second chamber, the third chamber which will contain tubings connecting the exchange circuit of the second chamber to the fresh gas supply duct.
  • the invention also relates to a dehydration or drying installation using such a hot gas generator.
  • This dehydration or drying plant may be such that the fresh gas supply duct to the hot gas generator will be connected to a hot air recovery circuit that will be extracted from an enclosure receiving the material or materials to be dehydrated .
  • the hot air recovery circuit may incorporate at least one condenser ensuring the dehydration of the air.
  • the dehydration or drying plant may include an activation circuit of the burner or fireplace using a portion of the hot air from the condenser.
  • It may also comprise a mixer disposed upstream of the chamber and for mixing the hot air from the generator with a fresh air portion out of the condenser.
  • the figure 1 shows a plant 1 for drying organic material 2.
  • the materials 2 are arranged in a furnace 3.
  • the materials may be carried by a drive means (not shown) such as a treadmill or a worm.
  • This drive means will allow the loading and unloading of the oven 3.
  • the oven 3 is connected to a cyclone 4 which is intended to ensure the separation of solids from the gas stream flowing in the oven 3.
  • the dried or dehydrated solids are removed periodically or continuously (according to the process) via lines 5 and 6.
  • the drying is ensured by a hot gas stream G which circulates in the oven 3 and which is led by a pipe 7 which leaves a hot gas generator 8.
  • the generator 8 is shown schematically in the form of an exchanger. It comprises a burner or a hearth 9 (for example a gas burner or a furnace fed by biomass) and an exchange circuit 10 comprising at least one pipe in which the gas to be heated circulates.
  • the hot gas is here air.
  • the tubing of the exchange circuit 10 has a fresh air intake end 11 and a hot air exhaust outlet 12.
  • the intake end 11 is connected to a condenser 13 which receives via the pipe 15 the hot air exiting through the upper part of the cyclone 4.
  • This condenser is cooled by fresh air flowing in an exchange circuit and entering this circuit through the inlet manifold 14.
  • the condenser 13 makes it possible to dehydrate the hot air circulating in the pipe 15 and to preheat the previously dehydrated ambient air and conducted via the pipe 14.
  • the preheated air is led to the intake end 11 of the exchange circuit 10 via a duct 22.
  • the liquid water (H20) is recovered at the bottom 16 of the condenser 13.
  • An accelerator (such as a pump or extractor) 17 is disposed at a stack 19 exhaust gas and accelerates and regulates the flow of hot air G flowing in the oven 3.
  • some of the residual hot air is also used to activate the burner or the firebox 9. This hot air is led to the burner via the pipe 20 on which an accelerator 18 is installed.
  • the combustion gases from the burner or the hearth 9 are discharged through a chimney 21.
  • the tubing of the exchange circuit 10 has a surface to ensure a good heat exchange between the combustion gases generated by the burner or the hearth 9 and the gas to be heated (here air) brought by the conduit 22.
  • the tubing of the exchange circuit 10 makes it possible moreover to ensure a physical separation between the heated gases and the combustion gases generated by the burner 9.
  • FIGS. 2 to 5 show an embodiment of a hot gas generator according to the invention.
  • the figure 2 shows an external view of this generator 8. It is seen that it comprises a substantially cylindrical vessel 23. This tank will be arranged vertically (as shown in the figure) in the case of a biomass fireplace and it will be arranged horizontally in the case of a liquid or gaseous fuel burner. The lower part of the tank carries the burner or the hearth 9, the upper part carries the chimney 21 for evacuating the combustion gases coming from the burner or the hearth 9.
  • This figure also shows the conduit 22 for supplying fresh gas.
  • This duct passes radially through the chimney 21 and (as is more particularly visible at Figures 3 to 5 ) it has an end which is arranged coaxially with the tank 23 and inside the chimney 21 for evacuation of the combustion gases.
  • the internal structure of the generator 8 is more particularly visible on the Figures 3 to 5 .
  • the tank 23 of the generator surrounds a number of tubings which are organized in different exchange circuits.
  • the generator that is shown here has two concentric exchange circuits.
  • Each exchange circuit is arranged in a specific chamber through which the combustion gases from the burner flow.
  • the generator thus comprises a first cylindrical chamber 24 surrounding the axis of the generator and which is delimited by a first cylindrical partition 26 carried by a support 27 secured to the bottom of the tank 23 ( figure 5 ).
  • the generator 8 also comprises a second annular chamber 25, surrounding the first chamber 24 and which is delimited on the one hand by the first partition 26 and on the other by a second partition 28, concentric with the first partition 26.
  • the second partition 28 is integral with a plate 29 which is fixed at an upper end of the tank 23 and on which is fixed a housing 30 carrying the chimney 21.
  • the combustion gases C from the burner or the hearth 9 first traverse the first chamber 24 in the direction given by the arrows C (vertically from bottom to top, the burner or the hearth 9 to the chimney 21).
  • the gases are stopped by the upper partition plate 29 and then flow into the second chamber 25 in the reverse direction, vertically and from top to bottom.
  • the flow direction of the combustion gases in the third chamber 31 is also the opposite of that which it has in the second chamber 25.
  • the fresh gas is supplied to the generator at the duct 22 which is arranged coaxially with the various chambers 24, 25, 31 and inside the chimney 21 for evacuating the combustion gases.
  • the fresh gas is introduced into the generator 8 in a direction D which is the opposite of that of the flow C of the combustion gases from the burner or the hearth.
  • each exchange circuit arranged in a chamber is designed to optimize heat transfer.
  • Each exchange circuit thus comprises a single outlet collection channel for the hot gases and several intake channels.
  • the outlet manifold and the inlet channels are connected to each other by pipes substantially parallel to each other.
  • the first exchange circuit (located in the first chamber 24) therefore comprises an annular outlet manifold 34.1 which is arranged in the vicinity of the burner or the hearth 9.
  • the first exchange circuit also comprises four intake channels 35a1, 35b1, 35c1 and 35d1 ( figure 6 ). These channels are all annular except the channel 35a1 which is in fact a box disposed substantially at the axis of the generator.
  • the diameters of the channels 35b1, 35c1 and 35d1 are also different from each other.
  • outlet manifold 34.1 and the inlet channels 35a1, 35b1, 35c1 and 35d1 are connected to each other by manifolds 36 substantially parallel to each other.
  • the division of the exchange circuit from several intake channels optimizes the introduction of tubing 26 in the volume of the chamber considered.
  • tubings 36 are straight and other tubings have a corrugated profile.
  • This corrugated profile also allows to increase the heat exchange surface.
  • the hot gas generator according to the invention also comprises a toroidal conduit 37 for collecting the hot gases supplied by the different exchange circuits.
  • the duct 37 carries the pipe 7 for discharging the hot gases generated by the generator.
  • the duct 37 is connected by tubings (38.1, 38.2) to the outlet manifolds (34.1, 34.2) of the different exchange circuits.
  • manifold 34.1 of the first exchange circuit is connected to the conduit 37 by tubing 38.1 rectangular section. See in particular the figures 4 and 5 .
  • the second exchange circuit (that which is arranged in the second chamber 25) has a structure similar to that of the first exchange circuit.
  • This second exchange circuit comprises four intake channels 35a2, 35b2, 35c2 and 35d2. These channels are all annular and disposed at the lower end of the second chamber 25.
  • the fresh gas is fed from the duct 22 to the various inlet channels 35a2, 35b2, 35c2, 35d2 by tubing 33 with a rectangular section (see FIG. figure 3 ).
  • Tubing 36 with a straight or corrugated profile connects the inlet channels and the outlet manifold 34.2.
  • the latter is itself connected to the duct 37 for discharging hot gases by tubing 38.2 with a rectangular section. See in particular the figures 3 , 5 and 6 .
  • the generator according to the invention therefore provides in a relatively compact volume an excellent thermal efficiency.
  • a generator 8 generating a flow having a speed between 5.0 m / s and 8.0 m / s of hot gas having a temperature of the order of 600 ° C .
  • These means are for example constituted by valves which will be interposed between the conduit 22 for supplying fresh gas and each tube which connects this conduit to the various inlet channels 35 (35a1, ..., 35d1 ... 35a2,. .., 35d2).
  • the inlet channels 35 will be compartmentalized in different sectors, each sector being connected to a single valve. There will be no disruption of the gas flow coming out of each valve. This avoids flow returns from an intake channel to a valve and the flow is regularized.
  • the subdivision of the channels 35 will be simply achieved by providing sheet partitions dividing the annular channel considered in different sectors.
  • FIGS. 7a and 7b show the structure of such a valve 40 flow control.
  • a plunger 41 having a conical end 42 which is intended to cooperate with a complementary bearing surface of a support 43.
  • the support 43 is screwed to a base 44.
  • a spring 45 is dimensioned solely to withstand the weight of the plunger 41. last is therefore in support on its range in the rest position of the valve (as shown figure 7a ).
  • the direction of passage of the fresh gas is represented by the arrows D.
  • the fresh gas from the conduit 22 enters the valve 40 through the orifice 46. It pushes the plunger 41 against the action of the spring 45. The fresh gas passes into the chamber 47 and spring downstream through the bore 48 to go to the inlet channel 35 considered.
  • the valve thus makes it possible to regulate the hot gas pressure and thus regulates the speed of the air in the various pipes.
  • characteristics of the valve will of course be different.
  • the different valves will be dimensioned according to the desired result, which is to obtain the same hot gas outlet velocity for all the pipes at the exhaust duct 37.
  • the hot gas generator according to the invention can be implemented in different installations.
  • the figure 8 thus shows a dehydration plant, for example for timber.
  • This installation 1 comprises a closed enclosure 50 inside which are disposed the elements 58 of timber to be dried, placed for example on a carriage.
  • the generator 8 supplies hot air through its gas evacuation pipe 7 and receives fresh air through its conduit 22.
  • the pipe 7 is connected to the enclosure 50 by a pipe 52.
  • This condenser is cooled by outside fresh air circulating in an exchange circuit and entering this circuit through the inlet pipe 14.
  • the condenser 13 makes it possible to ensure the dehydration of the hot air flowing in the pipe 53.
  • the air thus dehydrated is fed to the intake duct 22 of the generator 8 via line 59.
  • the liquid water (H20) is recovered at the bottom 16 of the condenser 13.
  • An accelerator (such as a pump) 17 accelerates and regulates the flow of hot air G flowing in the chamber 50 and in the generator 8 .
  • the duct bringing the fresh air 22 to the generator 8 is connected to a hot air recovery circuit which is extracted from the enclosure 50 receiving the materials to be dehydrated.
  • Part of the hot air recovered in the condenser 13 is used to activate the burner or the hearth 9, via the duct 57.
  • This duct is connected to the duct 22 by means of a three-way valve 51 whose function is to enable the extraction of a quantity of preheated air to supplement the losses possibly caused by leaks.
  • Another three-way valve 54 is interposed between an upstream portion (duct 57), a downstream portion 60 (towards the burner) and an exhaust 61. It allows the regulation of the preheated air flow necessary for the activation of the burner or the 9. The final surplus being directed by the exhaust 61 to the outside or another application via the valve 54.
  • This closed circuit operation preheats the fresh air and thus improves the efficiency of the installation.
  • a mixer 55 is arranged. at the inlet of the chamber 50. It is possible at this mixer to dose the hot air from the generator 8 with a portion of the fresh air leaving the condenser 13 by means of a flap 56.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Drying Of Solid Materials (AREA)
  • Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
  • Detergent Compositions (AREA)

Abstract

The subject of the invention is a hot gas generator (8), particularly for a dehydration or drying unit, the generator comprising a burner or hearth (9) and being characterized in that it comprises at least one exchange circuit (10) comprising at least one pipe through which the gas to be heated flows, the pipe comprising a cool gas inlet end (11) and a hot gas discharge outlet (12), the pipe having a surface for heat exchange between the combustion gases generated by the burner or hearth (9) and the gas to be heated which flows through the pipe, the pipe also providing a physical barrier between the heated gases and the combustion gases generated by the burner or hearth. Application to producing a drying or dehydration installation.

Description

Le domaine technique de l'invention est celui des générateurs de gaz chaud, notamment des générateurs destinés à équiper les unités de déshydratation ou de séchage de matériaux.The technical field of the invention is that of hot gas generators, including generators for equipping the dewatering or drying units of materials.

Il est connu (par exemple de EP0049677 ) de réaliser une unité de séchage de déchets ligneux comportant un moyen de séchage alimenté par les gaz de combustion fournis par une chaudière.It is known (for example EP0049677 ) to produce a wood waste drying unit comprising a drying means fed by the combustion gases supplied by a boiler.

Ce dispositif utilise directement les gaz de combustion. Or ces derniers comportent des résidus qui imprègnent d'une façon plus ou moins forte le matériau séché et limitent les utilisations ultérieures de ce matériau.This device uses the combustion gases directly. But these include residues that impregnate in a more or less strong way the dried material and limit the subsequent uses of this material.

Il n'est ainsi pas possible de mettre en oeuvre une telle unité de séchage pour déshydrater des matériaux comestibles et devant être ultérieurement consommés (par exemple par les animaux).It is thus not possible to implement such a drying unit to dehydrate edible materials and to be subsequently consumed (for example by animals).

Le brevet US-2119817 décrit un générateur de gaz chaud constitué d'un ensemble de tubulures disposées autour d'un foyer central et d'une chambre à gaz. Chaque tubulure se présente sous la forme d'un tube multispire mais ce document est oritenté sur la structure de ce générateur, en particulier la fixation des tubulures sur la plaque supérieure. Aucun moyen de régulation n'est prévu.The patent US 2119817 discloses a hot gas generator consisting of a set of pipes arranged around a central focus and a gas chamber. Each tube is in the form of a multispire tube but this document is orite on the structure of this generator, in particular the attachment of the tubes on the upper plate. No regulation means is provided.

Même pour le séchage ou la déshydratation de matériaux ligneux, les résidus de combustion imprègnent le bois ce qui nuit à son aspect externe. Les résidus de combustion peuvent par la suite exsuder hors du bois conduisant à des pollutions des habitations. Les résidus de combustion peuvent également gêner la transformation ultérieure du bois (par exemple pour l'ameublement) en modifiant les caractéristiques mécaniques de celui ci.Even for the drying or the dehydration of ligneous materials, the residues of combustion impregnate the wood which affects its external aspect. The residues of combustion can subsequently exude out of the wood leading to pollutions of the houses. The combustion residues can also hinder the further processing of the wood (for example for furniture) by modifying the mechanical characteristics of the latter.

L'invention a pour but de proposer un générateur de gaz chaud permettant de pallier de tels inconvénients.The invention aims to provide a hot gas generator to overcome such drawbacks.

Le générateur selon l'invention permet ainsi d'engendrer un courant de gaz chaud dont les caractéristiques chimiques peuvent être complètement maîtrisées.The generator according to the invention thus makes it possible to generate a stream of hot gas whose chemical characteristics can be completely controlled.

Par ailleurs, le générateur selon l'invention permet également de maîtriser la température du gaz engendré tout en assurant la récupération de l'énergie thermique du brûleur ou du foyer avec un excellent rendement.Moreover, the generator according to the invention also makes it possible to control the temperature of the gas generated while ensuring the recovery of thermal energy from the burner or firebox with excellent efficiency.

Le générateur selon l'invention peut mettre en oeuvre des brûleurs ou des foyers de technologies diverses utilisant tous types de combustibles. Il assure dans tous les cas la génération d'un gaz chaud et propre ne perturbant pas le processus de séchage ou de déshydratation.The generator according to the invention can implement burners or fireplaces of various technologies using all types of fuels. It ensures in all cases the generation of a hot and clean gas does not disrupt the drying process or dehydration.

Ainsi, l'invention a pour objet un générateur de gaz chaud, notamment pour une unité de déshydratation ou de séchage, générateur comportant un brûleur ou un foyer ainsi qu'au moins un circuit d'échange comportant au moins une tubulure dans laquelle circule le gaz à chauffer, tubulure comportant une extrémité d'admission en gaz frais et une sortie d'évacuation en gaz chaud, tubulure présentant une surface d'échange thermique entre les gaz de combustion engendrés par le brûleur ou foyer et le gaz à chauffer circulant dans la tubulure, la tubulure assurant par ailleurs une séparation physique entre les gaz chauffés et les gaz de combustion engendrés par le brûleur ou le foyer, caractérisé en ce qu'il comporte des moyens permettant de réguler la vitesse des gaz chauds sortant des différentes tubulures.Thus, the subject of the invention is a hot gas generator, in particular for a dehydration or drying unit, a generator comprising a burner or a hearth, and at least one exchange circuit comprising at least one tubing in which the gas to be heated, tubing having a fresh gas inlet end and a hot gas discharge outlet, tubing having a heat exchange surface between the combustion gases generated by the burner or furnace and the gas to be heated flowing in the tubing, the tubing also ensuring a physical separation between the heated gases and the combustion gases generated by the burner or the hearth, characterized in that it comprises means for regulating the speed of the hot gases leaving the different pipes.

La ou les tubulures des circuits d'échange seront de préférence orientées de telle sorte que le flux de gaz chauffé circule dans la tubulure suivant une direction inverse de celle du flux des gaz de combustion issus du brûleur ou foyer.The pipe or pipes of the exchange circuits will preferably be oriented so that the flow of heated gas flows in the tubing in a direction opposite to that of the flow of combustion gases from the burner or hearth.

Chaque circuit d'échange pourra par ailleurs comporter un canal collecteur de sortie et au moins un canal d'admission, le collecteur de sortie et le canal d'admission étant reliés l'un à l'autre par des tubulures sensiblement parallèles les unes aux autres.Each exchange circuit may furthermore comprise an outlet collecting channel and at least one intake channel, the outlet manifold and the inlet channel being connected to each other by means of tubes that are substantially parallel to each other. other.

Les canaux d'admission et le collecteur de sortie pourront être sensiblement annulaires.The intake channels and the outlet manifold may be substantially annular.

Le générateur de gaz chaud pourra comporter au moins un jeu de tubulures ayant un profil ondulé.The hot gas generator may comprise at least one set of tubes having a corrugated profile.

Il pourra aussi comprendre un conduit torique de collecte des gaz chauds, conduit qui sera relié au collecteur de sortie par des tubes.It may also include a hot gas collecting duct, conduit which will be connected to the outlet manifold by tubes.

Il pourra par ailleurs comprendre un conduit d'amenée de gaz frais qui sera raccordé aux différents canaux d'admission par des tubes.It may also include a fresh gas supply duct which will be connected to the various intake channels by tubes.

Selon un mode particulier de réalisation, les moyens permettant de réguler la vitesse des gaz chauds seront constitués par des clapets interposés entre le conduit d'amenée de gaz frais et chaque tube reliant ce conduit aux différents canaux d'admission.According to a particular embodiment, the means for regulating the speed of the hot gases will be constituted by valves interposed between the fresh gas supply duct and each tube connecting this duct to the different intake ducts.

Les canaux d'admission seront avantageusement compartimentés en différents secteurs, chaque secteur étant relié à un clapet unique.The intake channels will be advantageously compartmentalized in different sectors, each sector being connected to a single valve.

Le générateur de gaz chaud pourra comporter au moins deux circuits d'échange, chaque circuit d'échange étant disposé dans une chambre au travers de laquelle circulent les gaz de combustion.The hot gas generator may comprise at least two exchange circuits, each exchange circuit being disposed in a chamber through which the combustion gases circulate.

Les deux chambres pourront être concentriques, le passage des gaz de combustion d'une chambre à l'autre s'effectuant au niveau d'une première extrémité d'une première chambre, le sens de circulation des gaz de combustion étant dans la deuxième chambre l'inverse de celui qu'il y a dans la première chambre.The two chambers may be concentric, the passage of combustion gases from one chamber to another being effected at a first end of a first chamber, the flow direction of the combustion gases being in the second chamber the opposite of the one in the first room.

Le conduit d'amenée de gaz frais pourra être disposé coaxialement à la première chambre et à l'intérieur d'une cheminée d'évacuation des gaz de combustion.The fresh gas supply duct may be arranged coaxially with the first chamber and inside a flue gas discharge chimney.

Le brûleur ou foyer pourra par ailleurs être disposé au niveau d'une deuxième extrémité de la première chambre.The burner or fireplace may also be disposed at a second end of the first chamber.

Le générateur de gaz chaud pourra comporter une troisième chambre entourant la deuxième chambre, troisième chambre qui renfermera des tubulures raccordant le circuit d'échange de la deuxième chambre au conduit d'amenée de gaz frais.The hot gas generator may comprise a third chamber surrounding the second chamber, the third chamber which will contain tubings connecting the exchange circuit of the second chamber to the fresh gas supply duct.

L'invention a également pour objet une installation de déshydratation ou de séchage mettant en oeuvre un tel générateur de gaz chaud.The invention also relates to a dehydration or drying installation using such a hot gas generator.

Cette installation de déshydratation ou de séchage pourra être telle que le conduit d'amenée de gaz frais au générateur de gaz chaud sera relié à un circuit de récupération de l'air chaud qui sera extrait d'une enceinte recevant le ou les matériaux à déshydrater.This dehydration or drying plant may be such that the fresh gas supply duct to the hot gas generator will be connected to a hot air recovery circuit that will be extracted from an enclosure receiving the material or materials to be dehydrated .

Le circuit de récupération de l'air chaud pourra incorporer au moins un condenseur assurant la déshydratation de l'air.The hot air recovery circuit may incorporate at least one condenser ensuring the dehydration of the air.

L'installation de déshydratation ou de séchage pourra comprendre un circuit d'activation du brûleur ou foyer utilisant une partie de l'air chaud issu du condenseur.The dehydration or drying plant may include an activation circuit of the burner or fireplace using a portion of the hot air from the condenser.

Elle pourra par ailleurs comprendre un mélangeur disposé en amont de l'enceinte et permettant de mélanger l'air chaud issu du générateur avec une partie d'air frais sorti du condenseur.It may also comprise a mixer disposed upstream of the chamber and for mixing the hot air from the generator with a fresh air portion out of the condenser.

L'invention sera mieux comprise à la lecture de la description qui va suivre de différents modes de réalisation, description faite en référence aux dessins annexés et dans lesquels :

  • la figure 1 représente d'une façon schématique une installation de séchage de matière organique mettant en oeuvre un générateur de gaz chaud selon l'invention,
  • la figure 2 est une vue en perspective externe du générateur selon un mode de réalisation de l'invention,
  • la figure 3 est une autre vue en perspective externe du générateur, l'enveloppe de la cuve étant partiellement coupée,
  • la figure 4 est une autre vue en perspective externe du générateur coupé suivant un plan longitudinal,
  • la figure 5 est une vue en coupe longitudinale de l'ensemble du générateur,
  • la figure 6 est une vue analogue à la figure 5, mais dans laquelle certains des tubes ont été retirés pour montrer plus précisément les principaux circuits et les sens de circulation des fluides,
  • la figure 7a est une vue en coupe agrandie d'un des clapets mis en oeuvre dans le générateur selon l'invention,
  • la figure 7b est une vue en perspective éclatée de ce clapet,
  • la figure 8 montre une installation de déshydratation mettant en oeuvre le générateur selon l'invention.
The invention will be better understood on reading the following description of various embodiments, a description given with reference to the appended drawings and in which:
  • the figure 1 schematically represents an installation for drying organic material using a hot gas generator according to the invention,
  • the figure 2 is an external perspective view of the generator according to one embodiment of the invention,
  • the figure 3 is another external perspective view of the generator, the casing of the tank being partially cut off,
  • the figure 4 is another external perspective view of the generator cut along a longitudinal plane,
  • the figure 5 is a longitudinal sectional view of the entire generator,
  • the figure 6 is a view similar to the figure 5 , but in which some of the tubes have been removed to show more precisely the main circuits and the directions of circulation of the fluids,
  • the figure 7a is an enlarged sectional view of one of the valves implemented in the generator according to the invention,
  • the figure 7b is an exploded perspective view of this valve,
  • the figure 8 shows a dehydration plant using the generator according to the invention.

La figure 1 montre une installation 1 permettant le séchage de matières organiques 2.The figure 1 shows a plant 1 for drying organic material 2.

Les matières 2 (par exemple des déchets agricoles ou de panification) sont disposées dans un four 3. Les matières pourront être portées par un moyen d'entraînement (non représenté) tel un tapis roulant ou une vis sans fin.The materials 2 (for example agricultural waste or breadmaking) are arranged in a furnace 3. The materials may be carried by a drive means (not shown) such as a treadmill or a worm.

Ce moyen d'entraînement permettra le chargement et le déchargement du four 3.This drive means will allow the loading and unloading of the oven 3.

Le four 3 est relié à un cyclone 4 qui a pour but d'assurer la séparation des matières solides du courant gazeux circulant dans le four 3.The oven 3 is connected to a cyclone 4 which is intended to ensure the separation of solids from the gas stream flowing in the oven 3.

Les matières solides séchées ou déshydratées sont évacuées de façon périodique ou continue (selon le procédé) par les conduites 5 et 6.The dried or dehydrated solids are removed periodically or continuously (according to the process) via lines 5 and 6.

Le séchage est assuré grâce à un courant gazeux chaud G qui circule dans le four 3 et qui est conduit par une canalisation 7 qui sort d'un générateur de gaz chaud 8.The drying is ensured by a hot gas stream G which circulates in the oven 3 and which is led by a pipe 7 which leaves a hot gas generator 8.

Le générateur 8 est représenté ici de façon schématique sous la forme d'un échangeur. Il comporte un brûleur ou un foyer 9 (par exemple un brûleur à gaz ou un foyer alimenté par de la biomasse) et un circuit d'échange 10 comportant au moins une tubulure dans laquelle circule le gaz à chauffer. Le gaz chaud est ici de l'air.The generator 8 is shown schematically in the form of an exchanger. It comprises a burner or a hearth 9 (for example a gas burner or a furnace fed by biomass) and an exchange circuit 10 comprising at least one pipe in which the gas to be heated circulates. The hot gas is here air.

La tubulure du circuit d'échange 10 comporte une extrémité d'admission en air frais 11 et une sortie d'évacuation en air chaud 12.The tubing of the exchange circuit 10 has a fresh air intake end 11 and a hot air exhaust outlet 12.

L'extrémité d'admission 11 est reliée à un condenseur 13 qui reçoit par la conduite 15 l'air chaud sortant par la partie supérieure du cyclone 4. Ce condenseur est refroidi par de l'air frais circulant dans un circuit d'échange et entrant dans ce circuit par la tubulure d'entrée 14.The intake end 11 is connected to a condenser 13 which receives via the pipe 15 the hot air exiting through the upper part of the cyclone 4. This condenser is cooled by fresh air flowing in an exchange circuit and entering this circuit through the inlet manifold 14.

Le condenseur 13 permet d'assurer la déshydratation de l'air chaud circulant dans la conduite 15 et de préchauffer l'air ambiant précédemment déshydraté et conduit par la tubulure 14.The condenser 13 makes it possible to dehydrate the hot air circulating in the pipe 15 and to preheat the previously dehydrated ambient air and conducted via the pipe 14.

L'air ainsi préchauffé est conduit à l'extrémité d'admission 11 du circuit d'échange 10 par un conduit 22.The preheated air is led to the intake end 11 of the exchange circuit 10 via a duct 22.

L'eau liquide (H20) est récupérée au niveau du fond 16 du condenseur 13. Un accélérateur (tel une pompe ou un extracteur) 17 est disposé au niveau d'une cheminée 19 d'évacuation des gaz et permet d'accélérer et de réguler le flux d'air chaud G circulant dans le four 3.The liquid water (H20) is recovered at the bottom 16 of the condenser 13. An accelerator (such as a pump or extractor) 17 is disposed at a stack 19 exhaust gas and accelerates and regulates the flow of hot air G flowing in the oven 3.

Par ailleurs une partie de l'air chaud résiduel est également utilisée pour activer le brûleur ou le foyer 9. Cet air chaud est conduit au brûleur par la conduite 20 sur laquelle est installé un accélérateur 18.Furthermore, some of the residual hot air is also used to activate the burner or the firebox 9. This hot air is led to the burner via the pipe 20 on which an accelerator 18 is installed.

Les gaz de combustion issus du brûleur ou du foyer 9 sont évacués par une cheminée 21.The combustion gases from the burner or the hearth 9 are discharged through a chimney 21.

Conformément à l'invention la tubulure du circuit d'échange 10 présente une surface permettant d'assurer un bon échange thermique entre les gaz de combustion engendrés par le brûleur ou le foyer 9 et le gaz à chauffer (ici de l'air) amené par le conduit 22.According to the invention the tubing of the exchange circuit 10 has a surface to ensure a good heat exchange between the combustion gases generated by the burner or the hearth 9 and the gas to be heated (here air) brought by the conduit 22.

La tubulure du circuit d'échange 10 permet d'assurer par ailleurs une séparation physique entre les gaz chauffés et les gaz de combustion engendrés par le brûleur 9.The tubing of the exchange circuit 10 makes it possible moreover to ensure a physical separation between the heated gases and the combustion gases generated by the burner 9.

Ainsi le flux G de gaz chaud est parfaitement propre et ne dégrade pas la qualité des matières organiques 2.Thus the flow G of hot gas is perfectly clean and does not degrade the quality of the organic material 2.

Les figures 2 à 5 montrent un mode de réalisation d'un générateur de gaz chaud selon l'invention.The Figures 2 to 5 show an embodiment of a hot gas generator according to the invention.

La figure 2 montre une vue externe de ce générateur 8. On voit qu'il comporte une cuve 23 sensiblement cylindrique. Cette cuve sera disposée d'une façon verticale (comme représenté sur la figure) dans le cas d'un foyer à biomasse et elle sera disposée de façon horizontale dans le cas d'un brûleur à combustibles liquides ou gazeux. La partie inférieure de la cuve porte le brûleur ou le foyer 9, la partie supérieure porte la cheminée 21 d'évacuation des gaz de combustion issus du brûleur ou du foyer 9.The figure 2 shows an external view of this generator 8. It is seen that it comprises a substantially cylindrical vessel 23. This tank will be arranged vertically (as shown in the figure) in the case of a biomass fireplace and it will be arranged horizontally in the case of a liquid or gaseous fuel burner. The lower part of the tank carries the burner or the hearth 9, the upper part carries the chimney 21 for evacuating the combustion gases coming from the burner or the hearth 9.

On voit également sur cette figure le conduit 22 d'amenée de gaz frais. Ce conduit traverse radialement la cheminée 21 et (comme cela est plus particulièrement visible aux figures 3 à 5) il comporte une extrémité qui est disposée coaxialement à la cuve 23 et à l'intérieur de la cheminée 21 d'évacuation des gaz de combustion.This figure also shows the conduit 22 for supplying fresh gas. This duct passes radially through the chimney 21 and (as is more particularly visible at Figures 3 to 5 ) it has an end which is arranged coaxially with the tank 23 and inside the chimney 21 for evacuation of the combustion gases.

On voit enfin sur la figure 2 la canalisation 7 qui évacue les gaz chauds hors du générateur 8.We finally see on the figure 2 the pipe 7 which discharges the hot gases out of the generator 8.

La structure interne du générateur 8 est plus particulièrement visible sur les figures 3 à 5.The internal structure of the generator 8 is more particularly visible on the Figures 3 to 5 .

La cuve 23 du générateur entoure un certain nombre de tubulures qui sont organisées en différents circuits d'échange.The tank 23 of the generator surrounds a number of tubings which are organized in different exchange circuits.

Le générateur qui est représenté, ici comporte deux circuits d'échange concentriques.The generator that is shown here has two concentric exchange circuits.

Chaque circuit d'échange est disposé dans une chambre spécifique au travers de laquelle circulent les gaz de combustion issus du brûleur.Each exchange circuit is arranged in a specific chamber through which the combustion gases from the burner flow.

Le générateur comporte ainsi une première chambre 24 cylindrique entourant l'axe du générateur et qui est délimitée par une première cloison cylindrique 26 portée par un support 27 solidaire du fond de la cuve 23 (figure 5).The generator thus comprises a first cylindrical chamber 24 surrounding the axis of the generator and which is delimited by a first cylindrical partition 26 carried by a support 27 secured to the bottom of the tank 23 ( figure 5 ).

Le générateur 8 comporte aussi une deuxième chambre 25 annulaire, entourant la première chambre 24 et qui est délimitée d'une part par la première cloison 26 et d'autre part par une deuxième cloison 28, concentrique à la première cloison 26.The generator 8 also comprises a second annular chamber 25, surrounding the first chamber 24 and which is delimited on the one hand by the first partition 26 and on the other by a second partition 28, concentric with the first partition 26.

La deuxième cloison 28 est solidaire d'une plaque 29 qui est fixée au niveau d'une extrémité supérieure de la cuve 23 et sur laquelle est fixé un boîtier 30 portant la cheminée 21.The second partition 28 is integral with a plate 29 which is fixed at an upper end of the tank 23 and on which is fixed a housing 30 carrying the chimney 21.

Comme cela est plus particulièrement visible sur la figure 6, les gaz de combustion C issus du brûleur ou du foyer 9 parcourent tout d'abord la première chambre 24 suivant la direction donnée par les flèches C (verticalement de bas en haut, soit du brûleur ou du foyer 9 vers la cheminée 21).As this is particularly visible on the figure 6 , the combustion gases C from the burner or the hearth 9 first traverse the first chamber 24 in the direction given by the arrows C (vertically from bottom to top, the burner or the hearth 9 to the chimney 21).

Les gaz sont arrêtés par la plaque de séparation supérieure 29 et ils circulent ensuite dans la deuxième chambre 25 suivant la direction inverse, verticalement et du haut vers le bas.The gases are stopped by the upper partition plate 29 and then flow into the second chamber 25 in the reverse direction, vertically and from top to bottom.

Enfin les gaz de combustion sont arrêtés par le fond de la cuve 23 et ils remontent au travers d'une troisième chambre 31 délimitée par la cuve 23 et la deuxième cloison 28 pour rejoindre la cheminée 21 au travers de trous 32 réalisés dans la plaque 29 (figure 6).Finally, the combustion gases are stopped by the bottom of the tank 23 and they go up through a third chamber 31 delimited by the tank 23 and the second partition 28 to join the chimney 21 through holes 32 made in the plate 29. ( figure 6 ).

Ainsi le sens de circulation des gaz de combustion dans la deuxième chambre 25 est l'inverse de celui qu'il a dans la première chambre 24.Thus the flow direction of the combustion gases in the second chamber 25 is the opposite of that it has in the first chamber 24.

Le sens de circulation des gaz de combustion dans la troisième chambre 31 est par ailleurs l'inverse de celui qu'il a dans la deuxième chambre 25.The flow direction of the combustion gases in the third chamber 31 is also the opposite of that which it has in the second chamber 25.

On remarque également sur les figures que le gaz frais est amené au générateur au niveau du conduit 22 qui est disposé coaxialement aux différentes chambres 24, 25, 31 et à l'intérieur de la cheminée 21 d'évacuation des gaz de combustion.It is also noted in the figures that the fresh gas is supplied to the generator at the duct 22 which is arranged coaxially with the various chambers 24, 25, 31 and inside the chimney 21 for evacuating the combustion gases.

Le gaz frais est donc introduit dans le générateur 8 suivant une direction D qui est inverse de celle du flux C des gaz de combustion issus du brûleur ou du foyer.The fresh gas is introduced into the generator 8 in a direction D which is the opposite of that of the flow C of the combustion gases from the burner or the hearth.

Ce sens inverse est respecté dans la première chambre 24.This opposite direction is respected in the first chamber 24.

Il est également respecté dans la deuxième chambre 25 (ainsi que dans la troisième chambre 31).It is also respected in the second chamber 25 (as well as in the third chamber 31).

En effet les gaz frais sont amenés à partir du conduit 22 dans l'échangeur qui est disposé dans la deuxième chambre 25 par des tubulures 33 qui conduisent les gaz frais au niveau du fond de la deuxième chambre 25.Indeed the fresh gases are brought from the conduit 22 into the exchanger which is disposed in the second chamber 25 by pipes 33 which conduct the fresh gases at the bottom of the second chamber 25.

Ces gaz frais remontent donc dans la deuxième chambre dans un sens inverse de celui des gaz de combustion dans cette dernière.These fresh gases back in the second chamber in a direction opposite to that of the combustion gases in the latter.

Cette orientation particulière du sens de l'écoulement de gaz à chauffer dans une direction inverse de celle des gaz de combustion permet d'améliorer le rendement de l'échange thermique au niveau de chaque circuit d'échange.This particular orientation of the direction of the flow of gas to be heated in a direction opposite to that of the combustion gases makes it possible to improve the efficiency of the heat exchange at each exchange circuit.

Conformément à l'invention, chaque circuit d'échange disposé dans une chambre est conçu de façon à optimiser le transfert thermique.According to the invention, each exchange circuit arranged in a chamber is designed to optimize heat transfer.

Chaque circuit d'échange comporte ainsi un canal collecteur de sortie unique pour les gaz chauds et plusieurs canaux d'admission. Le collecteur de sortie et les canaux d'admission sont reliés les uns aux autres par des tubulures sensiblement parallèles les unes aux autres.Each exchange circuit thus comprises a single outlet collection channel for the hot gases and several intake channels. The outlet manifold and the inlet channels are connected to each other by pipes substantially parallel to each other.

Comme cela est visible aux figures 5 et 6, le premier circuit d'échange (situé dans la première chambre 24) comporte donc un collecteur de sortie 34.1 annulaire qui est disposé au voisinage du brûleur ou du foyer 9.As can be seen in figures 5 and 6 , the first exchange circuit (located in the first chamber 24) therefore comprises an annular outlet manifold 34.1 which is arranged in the vicinity of the burner or the hearth 9.

Le premier circuit d'échange comporte aussi quatre canaux d'admission 35a1, 35b1, 35c1 et 35d1 (figure 6). Ces canaux sont tous annulaires sauf le canal 35a1 qui est en fait une boîte disposée sensiblement au niveau de l'axe du générateur.The first exchange circuit also comprises four intake channels 35a1, 35b1, 35c1 and 35d1 ( figure 6 ). These channels are all annular except the channel 35a1 which is in fact a box disposed substantially at the axis of the generator.

Les diamètres des canaux 35b1, 35c1 et 35d1 sont par ailleurs différents les uns des autres.The diameters of the channels 35b1, 35c1 and 35d1 are also different from each other.

Le collecteur de sortie 34.1 et les canaux d'admission 35a1,35b1,35c1 et 35d1 sont reliés les uns aux autres par des tubulures 36 sensiblement parallèles les unes aux autres.The outlet manifold 34.1 and the inlet channels 35a1, 35b1, 35c1 and 35d1 are connected to each other by manifolds 36 substantially parallel to each other.

Pour la clarté de la figure, seules les tubulures 36 médianes reliant le canal 35a1 et le collecteur 34.1 sont visibles sur la figure 6. Les autres tubulures reliant les canaux 35b1, 35c1, 35d1 au collecteur 34.1 sont visibles sur les figures 4 et 5.For the clarity of the figure, only the median tubes 36 connecting the channel 35a1 and the manifold 34.1 are visible on the figure 6 . The other pipes connecting the channels 35b1, 35c1, 35d1 to the manifold 34.1 are visible on the figures 4 and 5 .

La division du circuit d'échange à partir de plusieurs canaux d'admission permet d'optimiser la mise en place des tubulures 26 dans le volume de la chambre considérée.The division of the exchange circuit from several intake channels optimizes the introduction of tubing 26 in the volume of the chamber considered.

On augmente ainsi fortement la surface d'échange thermique entre les gaz de combustion et les tubulures de gaz à chauffer. On améliore ainsi le rendement du générateur et également sa capacité à engendrer un volume de gaz chaud important.This greatly increases the heat exchange surface between the combustion gases and the gas pipes to be heated. This improves the efficiency of the generator and also its ability to generate a large volume of hot gas.

Comme cela est plus particulièrement visible aux figures 4 et 5, certaines tubulures 36 sont droites et d'autres tubulures ont un profil ondulé.As this is particularly visible figures 4 and 5 some tubings 36 are straight and other tubings have a corrugated profile.

Ce profil ondulé permet lui aussi d'augmenter la surface d'échange thermique.This corrugated profile also allows to increase the heat exchange surface.

Le générateur de gaz chaud selon l'invention comprend aussi un conduit 37 torique assurant la collecte des gaz chauds fournis par les différents circuits d'échange.The hot gas generator according to the invention also comprises a toroidal conduit 37 for collecting the hot gases supplied by the different exchange circuits.

Le conduit 37 porte la canalisation 7 d'évacuation des gaz chauds engendrés par le générateur.The duct 37 carries the pipe 7 for discharging the hot gases generated by the generator.

Le conduit 37 est relié par des tubulures (38.1,38.2) aux collecteurs de sortie (34.1,34.2) des différents circuits d'échange.The duct 37 is connected by tubings (38.1, 38.2) to the outlet manifolds (34.1, 34.2) of the different exchange circuits.

Ainsi le collecteur 34.1 du premier circuit d'échange est relié au conduit 37 par des tubulures 38.1 à section rectangulaire. Voir en particulier les figures 4 et 5.Thus the manifold 34.1 of the first exchange circuit is connected to the conduit 37 by tubing 38.1 rectangular section. See in particular the figures 4 and 5 .

Le deuxième circuit d'échange (celui qui est disposé dans la deuxième chambre 25) a une structure analogue à celle du premier circuit d'échange.The second exchange circuit (that which is arranged in the second chamber 25) has a structure similar to that of the first exchange circuit.

Il comporte un collecteur de sortie 34.2 annulaire qui est disposé au voisinage de la plaque 29.It comprises an annular outlet manifold 34.2 which is arranged in the vicinity of the plate 29.

Ce deuxième circuit d'échange comporte quatre canaux d'admission 35a2, 35b2, 35c2 et 35d2. Ces canaux sont tous annulaires et disposé au niveau de l'extrémité inférieure de la deuxième chambre 25.This second exchange circuit comprises four intake channels 35a2, 35b2, 35c2 and 35d2. These channels are all annular and disposed at the lower end of the second chamber 25.

Comme cela a déjà été précisé, le gaz frais est amené à partir du conduit 22 jusqu'aux différents canaux d'admission 35a2,35b2,35c2,35d2 par des tubulures 33 à section rectangulaire (voir figure 3).As has already been stated, the fresh gas is fed from the duct 22 to the various inlet channels 35a2, 35b2, 35c2, 35d2 by tubing 33 with a rectangular section (see FIG. figure 3 ).

Des tubulures 36 au profil droit ou ondulé relient les canaux d'admission et le collecteur de sortie 34.2.Tubing 36 with a straight or corrugated profile connects the inlet channels and the outlet manifold 34.2.

Ce dernier est lui-même relié au conduit 37 d'évacuation des gaz chauds par des tubulures 38.2 à section rectangulaire. Voir en particulier les figures 3, 5 et 6.The latter is itself connected to the duct 37 for discharging hot gases by tubing 38.2 with a rectangular section. See in particular the figures 3 , 5 and 6 .

La combinaison de deux circuits d'échange thermique permet d'améliorer le rendement du générateur. En effet des calories fournies par les gaz de combustion peuvent être prélevées au niveau de chacun des circuits d'échange.The combination of two heat exchange circuits makes it possible to improve the efficiency of the generator. Indeed, calories provided by the combustion gases can be sampled at each of the exchange circuits.

Par ailleurs le passage des tubulures 33 dans la troisième chambre 31 permet d'assurer un préchauffage du gaz frais en amont de la deuxième chambre et utilise encore une partie des calories disponibles.Furthermore the passage of the pipes 33 in the third chamber 31 ensures a preheating of the fresh gas upstream of the second chamber and still uses a portion of the available calories.

Le générateur selon l'invention assure donc sous un volume relativement compact un excellent rendement thermique.The generator according to the invention therefore provides in a relatively compact volume an excellent thermal efficiency.

Concrètement il est possible de réaliser avec deux circuits d'échange un générateur 8 engendrant un flux ayant une vitesse comprise entre 5,0 m/s et 8,0 m/s de gaz chaud ayant une température de l'ordre de 600 °C.Specifically it is possible to achieve with two exchange circuits a generator 8 generating a flow having a speed between 5.0 m / s and 8.0 m / s of hot gas having a temperature of the order of 600 ° C .

L'Homme du Métier dimensionnera aisément le générateur en fonction des caractéristiques souhaitées (température et débit).The skilled person will easily size the generator according to the desired characteristics (temperature and flow).

Les formes et longueurs différentes pour les tubulures 36 (à l'intérieur d'un même circuit d'échange et entre les différents circuits d'échange) conduisent à des pertes de charges différentes au niveau de chaque tubulure.The different shapes and lengths for the pipes 36 (within the same exchange circuit and between the different exchange circuits) lead to different head losses at each tubing.

Afin d'assurer un débit de génération de gaz chaud homogène on prévoira des moyens permettant de réguler la vitesse des gaz chauds sortant des différentes tubulures.In order to ensure a homogeneous hot gas generation flow, means will be provided for regulating the speed of the hot gases leaving the various pipes.

Ces moyens sont par exemple constitués par des clapets qui seront interposées entre le conduit 22 d'amenée de gaz frais et chaque tube qui relie ce conduit aux différents canaux d'admission 35 (35a1, ...,35d1 ... 35a2,..., 35d2).These means are for example constituted by valves which will be interposed between the conduit 22 for supplying fresh gas and each tube which connects this conduit to the various inlet channels 35 (35a1, ..., 35d1 ... 35a2,. .., 35d2).

Ces moyens ne sont pas représentés en détails sur les figures 3 à 6. Ils sont disposés au niveau des différentes brides repérées 39 (figures 5 et 6).These means are not represented in detail on the Figures 3 to 6 . They are arranged at the different flanges marked 39 ( figures 5 and 6 ).

Par ailleurs afin de permettre une maîtrise de la vitesse des gaz au niveau de chaque groupe de tubulures, les canaux d'admission 35 seront compartimentés en différents secteurs, chaque secteur étant relié à un clapet unique. Il n'y aura pas alors de perturbation des flux de gaz sortant de chaque clapet. On évite ainsi les retours de flux d'un canal d'admission vers un clapet et le débit se trouve régularisé.Moreover, in order to allow control of the gas velocity at each group of pipes, the inlet channels 35 will be compartmentalized in different sectors, each sector being connected to a single valve. There will be no disruption of the gas flow coming out of each valve. This avoids flow returns from an intake channel to a valve and the flow is regularized.

Le compartimentage des canaux 35 sera simplement réalisé en prévoyant des cloisons de tôles divisant le canal annulaire considéré en différents secteurs.The subdivision of the channels 35 will be simply achieved by providing sheet partitions dividing the annular channel considered in different sectors.

Les figures 7a et 7b montrent la structure d'un tel clapet 40 de régulation de débit.The Figures 7a and 7b show the structure of such a valve 40 flow control.

Il comporte un plongeur 41 comportant une extrémité conique 42 qui est destinée à coopérer avec une portée complémentaire d'un support 43. Le support 43 est vissé à une embase 44. Un ressort 45 est dimensionné uniquement pour résister au poids du plongeur 41. Ce dernier est donc en appui sur sa portée dans la position de repos du clapet (tel que représenté figure 7a).It comprises a plunger 41 having a conical end 42 which is intended to cooperate with a complementary bearing surface of a support 43. The support 43 is screwed to a base 44. A spring 45 is dimensioned solely to withstand the weight of the plunger 41. last is therefore in support on its range in the rest position of the valve (as shown figure 7a ).

Le sens de passage du gaz frais est représenté par les flèches D.The direction of passage of the fresh gas is represented by the arrows D.

Le gaz frais issu du conduit 22 entre dans le clapet 40 par l'orifice 46. Il pousse le plongeur 41 contre l'action du ressort 45. Le gaz frais passe dans la chambre 47 et ressort en aval par l'alésage 48 pour aller vers le canal d'admission 35 considéré.The fresh gas from the conduit 22 enters the valve 40 through the orifice 46. It pushes the plunger 41 against the action of the spring 45. The fresh gas passes into the chamber 47 and spring downstream through the bore 48 to go to the inlet channel 35 considered.

On voit que la section de passage du gaz va varier en fonction de la position axiale du plongeur 41.It can be seen that the section of passage of the gas will vary according to the axial position of the plunger 41.

Un accroissement de la pression du gaz chaud en aval va donc repousser le plongeur vers le haut et réduire la pression d'admission de gaz frais.An increase in the pressure of the hot gas downstream will therefore push the plunger upwards and reduce the intake pressure of fresh gas.

Le clapet permet donc de réguler la pression de gaz chaud et régule ainsi la vitesse de l'air dans les différentes tubulures. En fonction des caractéristiques de perte de charge des tubulures 36 considérées les caractéristiques du clapet seront bien entendu différentes.The valve thus makes it possible to regulate the hot gas pressure and thus regulates the speed of the air in the various pipes. Depending on the pressure drop characteristics of the pipes 36 considered characteristics of the valve will of course be different.

On dimensionnera les différents clapets en fonction du résultat recherché qui est d'obtenir la même vitesse de sortie des gaz chauds pour toutes les tubulures au niveau du conduit d'évacuation 37.The different valves will be dimensioned according to the desired result, which is to obtain the same hot gas outlet velocity for all the pipes at the exhaust duct 37.

L'Homme du Métier dimensionnera aisément ces différents clapets en fonction des caractéristiques du générateur qu'il réalise.The skilled person will easily size these different valves according to the characteristics of the generator that he realizes.

Le générateur de gaz chaud selon invention peut être mis en oeuvre dans différentes installations.The hot gas generator according to the invention can be implemented in different installations.

La figure 8 montre ainsi une installation de déshydratation, par exemple pour du bois d'oeuvre.The figure 8 thus shows a dehydration plant, for example for timber.

Cette installation 1 comprend une enceinte 50 fermée à l'intérieur de laquelle sont disposés les éléments 58 de bois d'oeuvre à sécher, placés par exemple sur un chariot.This installation 1 comprises a closed enclosure 50 inside which are disposed the elements 58 of timber to be dried, placed for example on a carriage.

Le générateur 8 fourni de l'air chaud par sa canalisation 7 d'évacuation des gaz et il reçoit de l'air frais par son conduit 22.The generator 8 supplies hot air through its gas evacuation pipe 7 and receives fresh air through its conduit 22.

La canalisation 7 est reliée à l'enceinte 50 par une conduite 52.The pipe 7 is connected to the enclosure 50 by a pipe 52.

Après circulation dans l'enceinte 50, l'air chaud est évacué par une conduite de sortie 53 qui est reliée à un condenseur 13.After circulation in the enclosure 50, the hot air is discharged through an outlet pipe 53 which is connected to a condenser 13.

Ce condenseur est refroidi par de l'air frais extérieur circulant dans un circuit d'échange et entrant dans ce circuit par la tubulure d'entrée 14.This condenser is cooled by outside fresh air circulating in an exchange circuit and entering this circuit through the inlet pipe 14.

Le condenseur 13 permet d'assurer la déshydratation de l'air chaud circulant dans la conduite 53.The condenser 13 makes it possible to ensure the dehydration of the hot air flowing in the pipe 53.

L'air ainsi déshydraté est amené au conduit d'admission 22 du générateur 8 par la conduite 59.The air thus dehydrated is fed to the intake duct 22 of the generator 8 via line 59.

L'eau liquide (H20) est récupérée au niveau du fond 16 du condenseur 13. Un accélérateur (tel une pompe) 17 permet d'accélérer et réguler le flux d'air chaud G circulant dans l'enceinte 50 et dans le générateur 8.The liquid water (H20) is recovered at the bottom 16 of the condenser 13. An accelerator (such as a pump) 17 accelerates and regulates the flow of hot air G flowing in the chamber 50 and in the generator 8 .

Ainsi le conduit amenant l'air frais 22 au générateur 8 est relié à un circuit de récupération de l'air chaud qui est extrait de l'enceinte 50 recevant les matériaux à déshydrater.Thus the duct bringing the fresh air 22 to the generator 8 is connected to a hot air recovery circuit which is extracted from the enclosure 50 receiving the materials to be dehydrated.

Une partie de l'air chaud récupéré dans le condenseur 13 est utilisée pour activer le brûleur ou le foyer 9, par le conduit 57. Ce conduit est relié au conduit 22 au moyen d'une vanne trois voies 51 qui a pour fonction de permettre l'extraction d'une quantité d'air préchauffé pour compléter les pertes éventuellement engendrées par des fuites. Une autre vanne trois voies 54 est interposée entre une partie amont (conduit 57), une partie aval 60 (vers le brûleur) et un échappement 61. Elle permet la régulation du flux d'air préchauffé nécessaire à l'activation du brûleur ou du foyer 9. L'excédent final étant dirigé par l'échappement 61 vers l'extérieur ou une autre application via la vanne 54.Part of the hot air recovered in the condenser 13 is used to activate the burner or the hearth 9, via the duct 57. This duct is connected to the duct 22 by means of a three-way valve 51 whose function is to enable the extraction of a quantity of preheated air to supplement the losses possibly caused by leaks. Another three-way valve 54 is interposed between an upstream portion (duct 57), a downstream portion 60 (towards the burner) and an exhaust 61. It allows the regulation of the preheated air flow necessary for the activation of the burner or the 9. The final surplus being directed by the exhaust 61 to the outside or another application via the valve 54.

Ce fonctionnement en circuit fermé assure un préchauffage de l'air frais et améliore ainsi le rendement de l'installation.This closed circuit operation preheats the fresh air and thus improves the efficiency of the installation.

Par ailleurs un mélangeur 55 est disposé. à l'entrée de l'enceinte 50. Il est possible au niveau de ce mélangeur de doser l'air chaud issu du générateur 8 avec une partie de l'air frais sorti du condenseur 13 au moyen d'un volet 56.In addition, a mixer 55 is arranged. at the inlet of the chamber 50. It is possible at this mixer to dose the hot air from the generator 8 with a portion of the fresh air leaving the condenser 13 by means of a flap 56.

On peut ainsi réguler de façon relativement précise la température de déshydratation. On pourra ainsi réaliser une installation fonctionnant de façon continue avec un air à 120°C assurant un séchage rapide du bois d'oeuvre.It is thus possible to regulate the dehydration temperature relatively accurately. It will thus be possible to produce a system operating continuously with an air at 120 ° C. ensuring rapid drying of the timber.

Bien entendu, il est possible de réaliser des installations de séchage pour des matériaux différents, par exemple pour des céréales.Of course, it is possible to realize drying facilities for different materials, for example for cereals.

Claims (19)

  1. A hot gas generator (8), namely for a dehydration or drying unit (1), such generator incorporating a burner or a heating appliance (9) and at least one exchange circuit (10) incorporating at least one manifold in which the gas circulates that is to be heated, such manifold incorporating one intake end (11) for cool gas and one exhaust outlet end (12) for the hot gas, such manifold having a thermal exchange surface for the combustive gases generated by the burner or heating appliance (9) and the gas to be heated circulating in the manifold, the manifold furthermore proving a physical separation between the heated gases and the combustive gases generated by the burner or heating appliance (9), characterised in that it incorporates means (40) enabling the flow rate of the gases exiting the different manifolds (36) to be regulated.
  2. A hot gas generator according to Claim 1, characterised in that the manifold or manifolds (36) of the exchange circuits are oriented such that the heated gas flow (D) circulates in the manifold in a direction that is the opposite of that of the combustive gas flow (C) from the burner or heating appliance (9).
  3. A hot gas generator according to one of Claims 1 or 2, characterised in that each exchange circuit incorporates an outlet collector channel (34.1, 34.2) and at least one inlet channel (35a1, ...35d1, 35a2, ..., 35d2), the outlet channel and the inlet channel being connected to one another by manifolds (36) which are substantially parallel to one another.
  4. A hot gas generator according to Claim 3, characterised in that the inlet channels (35a1, ...35d1, 35a2, ..., 35d2) and the outlet channel (34.1, 34.2) are substantially ring-shaped.
  5. A hot gas generator according to one of Claims 3 or 4, characterised in that it incorporates at least one set of manifolds (36) having an undulated profile.
  6. A hot gas generator according to one of Claims 3 to 5, characterised in that it comprises an O-shaped duct (37) to collect the hot gases, such duct being linked to the outlet collector (34.1, 34.2) by tubes (38.1, 38.2).
  7. A hot gas generator according to one of Claims 3 to 6, characterised in that it comprises an inlet duct (22) for cool gas which will be connected to the different inlet channels (35a1, ...35d1, 35a2, ..., 35d2) by tubes (33).
  8. A hot gas generator according to Claim 7, characterised in that the means enabling the flow rate of the hot gases to be regulated are constituted by valves (40) positioned between the cool gas inlet duct (22) and each tube (33) linking this duct to the different inlet channels (35a1, ...35d1, 35a2, ..., 35d2).
  9. A hot gas generator according to Claim 8, characterised in that the inlet channels (35a1, ...35d1, 35a2, ..., 35d2) are compartmented into different sectors, each sector being linked to a single valve (40).
  10. A hot gas generator according to one of Claims 1 to 9, characterised in that it incorporates at least two exchange circuits, each exchange circuit being positioned in a chamber (24, 25) through which the combustive gases (C) circulate.
  11. A hot gas generator according to Claim 10, characterised in that the two chambers (24, 25) are concentric, the passage of combustive gases from one chamber to another being made at one end of a first chamber, the direction of circulation of the combustive gases in the second chamber being the opposite that that in the first chamber.
  12. A hot gas generator according to one of Claims 7 and 11, characterised in that the cool gas inlet duct (22) is positioned coaxially to the first chamber (24) inside a vent (21) to evacuate the combustive gases.
  13. A hot gas generator according to Claim 11 or 12, characterised in that the burner or heating appliance (9) is positioned at a second end of the first chamber (24).
  14. A hot gas generator according to Claims 7 and 11 to 13, wherein it incorporates a third chamber (31) surrounding the second chamber (25), such third chamber enclosing the manifolds (33) linking the exchange circuit of the second chamber to the cool gas inlet duct.
  15. A dehydration or drying facility (1), namely for ligneous matter, characterised in that it incorporates at least one gas generator (8) according to one of the above Claims.
  16. A dehydration or drying facility according to Claim 15, characterised in that the cool gas inlet duct (22) of the hot gas generator (8) is linked to a circuit to recover the hot air which is extracted from an enclosure (3, 50) receiving the matter or materials to be dehydrated.
  17. A dehydration or drying facility according to Claim 16, characterised in that the hot air recovery circuit incorporates at least one condenser (13) ensuring the dehydration of the air.
  18. A dehydration or drying facility according to one of Claims 15 to 17, characterised in that it comprises a circuit to activate the burner or heating appliance (9) which uses part of the hot air from the condenser (13).
  19. A dehydration or drying facility according to one of Claims 16 to 18, characterised in that it comprises a mixer (55) positioned upstream of the enclosure (50) and enabling the hot air from the generator (8) to be mixed with part of the cool air from the condenser (13).
EP07788897A 2006-06-22 2007-06-18 Hot gas generator and drying or dehydratiion installation employing such a generator Not-in-force EP2038598B1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PL07788897T PL2038598T3 (en) 2006-06-22 2007-06-18 Hot gas generator and drying or dehydratiion installation employing such a generator

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR0605589A FR2902866B1 (en) 2006-06-22 2006-06-22 HOT GAS GENERATOR AND DRYING OR DEHYDRATION INSTALLATION USING SUCH A GENERATOR
PCT/FR2007/001004 WO2007147961A2 (en) 2006-06-22 2007-06-18 Hot gas generator and drying or dehydratiion installation employing such a generator

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2038598A2 EP2038598A2 (en) 2009-03-25
EP2038598B1 true EP2038598B1 (en) 2012-01-25

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EP07788897A Not-in-force EP2038598B1 (en) 2006-06-22 2007-06-18 Hot gas generator and drying or dehydratiion installation employing such a generator

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US (1) US8011113B2 (en)
EP (1) EP2038598B1 (en)
AT (1) ATE543062T1 (en)
BR (1) BRPI0713687A2 (en)
CA (1) CA2655649A1 (en)
DK (1) DK2038598T3 (en)
FR (1) FR2902866B1 (en)
PL (1) PL2038598T3 (en)
RU (1) RU2444688C2 (en)
WO (1) WO2007147961A2 (en)

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CN102494529A (en) * 2011-11-15 2012-06-13 天龙科技炉业(无锡)有限公司 Constant-temperature drying box utilizing flue gas waste heat for heating
ITRM20110645A1 (en) * 2011-12-05 2013-06-06 Ludovico Moresi PLANT FOR THE PRODUCTION OF THERMAL ENERGY.
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CN104567283A (en) * 2013-10-10 2015-04-29 宁夏琪凯节能设备有限公司 Novel energy-saving slag dryer
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CN105352305A (en) * 2015-12-03 2016-02-24 贵州遵义新佳裕食品有限公司 Vertical and split type drying oven
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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CA2655649A1 (en) 2007-12-27
WO2007147961A3 (en) 2008-03-20
RU2009101906A (en) 2010-07-27
FR2902866A1 (en) 2007-12-28
BRPI0713687A2 (en) 2012-11-06
EP2038598A2 (en) 2009-03-25
DK2038598T3 (en) 2012-03-05
US20100162587A1 (en) 2010-07-01
FR2902866B1 (en) 2008-10-10
US8011113B2 (en) 2011-09-06
ATE543062T1 (en) 2012-02-15
RU2444688C2 (en) 2012-03-10
PL2038598T3 (en) 2012-07-31
WO2007147961A2 (en) 2007-12-27

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