FR3064654A1 - COVER OR COVERING ELEMENT FOR RECOVERING A BUILDING ENVELOPE SURFACE - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a covering or facing element for a building envelope surface, which covering or facing element (1a) having a longitudinal axis L and a thickness E, is defined by a first lateral edge ( 4), a second lateral border (5), a first transverse border (6), a second transverse border (7), a bottom face (8) and a top face (9). According to the invention this covering or facing element comprises a first lateral reservation (10), which opens into said first lateral edge (4), and a second lateral reservation (11) which opens into said second lateral edge (5), which first and second lateral reservations (10, 11) are arranged facing said first and second lateral edges (4, 5) at equal distance or substantially equidistant from one of said transverse edges (6 ), each of said lateral reservations (10, 11) defining a hooking pin structure (12, 13) between it and said transverse edge (6), arranged to cooperate by hooking with a lateral reservation (10, 11) of another element of cover or facing identical or similar.

Description

Technical field to which the invention relates

The present invention relates to the general field of building.

It relates more particularly to the covering or facing elements for covering a building envelope surface, in particular the tiles for making a roof.

The invention also relates to a covering structure obtained by the juxtaposition of a plurality of such elements.

TECHNOLOGICAL BACKGROUND

Building envelope surfaces (vertical or sloping walls, roofs) are conventionally covered by attached elements juxtaposed to each other mainly providing a protective function, and which also participate in the aesthetics of the structure.

In particular, there are many models of tiles intended for the covering of a frame for the realization of a building roof.

In certain cases, in particular for the tiles of channel type, columns of elements known as of “current”, arranged with partial overlapping, are associated with columns of elements known as of “covered”, also arranged with partial overlapping, the side edges of the cover elements covering the side edges of the current elements.

The underside of the current elements generally comprises one-piece stops which extend in projecting manner to come to cooperate with battens placed transversely on the frame; these current elements can also be placed on battens which cover this frame.

For their part, the cover elements also include one-piece stops adapted to ensure their positioning one after the other in each column from a first low row immobilized on the roof.

However, the presence of one-piece stop structures complicates the production of tiles; moreover, as some of these stops remain visible on the laid roof, this affects the aesthetics of the construction.

On the other hand, pressing the cover elements on top of each other in each column complicates the replacement of the tiles, and increases the risk of slipping of the columns of tiles.

Also, in some cases, it is not possible to vary the distance between the columns of elements.

Object of the invention

In order to overcome the aforementioned drawbacks of the prior art, the present invention provides a covering or facing element for a building envelope surface, which covering or facing element is delimited by a first lateral border, a second side border, a first transverse border and a second transverse border, said first and second lateral borders connecting said first and second transverse borders, a longitudinal axis connecting said first and second transverse borders and extending between said first and second lateral borders, generally parallel or substantially parallel to said first and second lateral edges, said covering or facing element also being delimited by a bottom face and a top face defining between them a thickness of said covering or facing element;

and according to the invention, this covering or facing element is characterized by the fact that it comprises:

a first lateral reservation, which opens into said first lateral border, and

a second lateral reservation which opens into said second lateral border, which first and second lateral reservations extend over the entire thickness of said covering or facing element to open into said bottom and top faces, said first and second reservations lateral being formed vis-à-vis on said first and second lateral edges, near one of said first or second transverse edges, called proximity transverse edge, at equal distance, or substantially at equal distance, from said transverse border proximity, each of said lateral reservations defining a latching tenon structure between it and said proximity transverse edge, arranged to cooperate by latching with a lateral reservation of another identical or similar covering or facing element.

Such a structure allows the covering or facing elements to be arranged in juxtaposed columns, each covering or facing element being able to cooperate by hooking with two lateral covering or facing elements (or with a single element on the edges of the fitted building envelope).

In this way, there is no load transfer between the covering or facing elements, with the ensuing consequences in terms of ease of replacement and limitation of the risk of slipping.

In addition, the means for attaching the covering elements or facing them may be arranged under certain covering parts to become invisible.

Other non-limiting and advantageous characteristics of the covering or facing elements in accordance with the invention, taken individually or in any technically possible combination, are the following:

- Said lateral reservations are each delimited by a contour border, said hooking pin structures are each delimited by a contour border, and each of said lateral reservations and said juxtaposed hooking pin structure comprise a contour border part common, said common edge border portion being adapted to cooperate with a common edge border portion of another identical or similar covering or facing element, to allow their attachment;

- Said common border portion is rectilinear;

- Said common border portion extends inclinedly, with respect to a line perpendicular to said longitudinal axis, by an angle between 0 and 45 °, the corresponding inclination being oriented from said longitudinal axis in the direction of said proximity cross border.

- Said contour border of said lateral reservations consists of the juxtaposition of said common border part, a bottom border part, and an internal border part;

- said first and second side edges extend in the same base plane, and said bottom edge portion is formed by a plane parallel or substantially parallel to said base plane;

- Said first and second lateral edges extend in the same base plane, and said latching stud structures comprise an end portion formed by a plane parallel or substantially parallel to said base plane;

- the covering or facing element is in the form of a channel-type tile comprising a cross section, perpendicular to said longitudinal axis, of generally curved shape.

The invention also provides a covering structure for a building envelope surface comprising a juxtaposition of a plurality of covering or facing elements as defined above, at least some of said covering or facing elements being hooked, by their structures of lugs to two adjacent covering or facing elements;

In this context, this covering structure preferably comprises:

- so-called “current” covering or facing elements arranged in parallel columns and partially overlapping with respect to each other on each column, and

- so-called “cover” covering or facing elements arranged in parallel columns and partially overlapping with respect to each other on each column, the lateral edges of said cover elements partially covering the lateral edges of current elements in vis-à-vis two adjacent columns of current elements, said cover elements each hooking onto two current elements by the cooperation of their lateral reservations and structures of hanging studs, one of the structures of latching lug of at least one of said cover elements hooking into a lateral reservation of a current element of one of said columns of current elements, and its other latching pin structure coming hook into a lateral reservation of another current element from an adjacent column of current elements.

In a particular embodiment, this covering structure is made up of covering elements or facing of the channel tile type, to form a building roof.

According to yet another particularity, the positioning of the lateral reservations and the dimensions of the covering or facing elements are adapted so that a covering part of at least some of the covering elements comes to cover the structures with hooking studs and the lateral reservations of other covering or facing elements, to make invisible said latching stud structures and said lateral reservations.

Detailed description of an exemplary embodiment

The description which follows with reference to the accompanying drawings, given by way of nonlimiting examples, will make it clear what the invention consists of and how it can be carried out.

In the accompanying drawings:

- Figure 1 shows a covering or facing element according to the invention, of the roof canal tile type (or from above), seen in perspective from the side of its top face;

- Figure 2 shows the tile of Figure 1 seen from another angle;

- Figure 3 is a perspective view of the tile of Figures 1 and 2 oriented from the side of its underside;

- Figure 4 shows the tile of Figure 3 seen from another angle;

- Figure 5 is an enlarged view of detail A of Figure 4;

- Figure 6 shows another covering or facing element according to the invention, of the current channel (or bottom) tile type, seen in perspective from the side of its bottom face;

- Figure 7 is a perspective view of a building surface covering structure, roof-shaped, obtained by the cooperation of roof tiles according to Figures 1 to 5 with current tiles according to Figure 6;

- Figures 8 and 9 are perspective views, from two different angles, which illustrate the method of attachment according to the invention of the roof tiles on the current tiles, for the realization of the roof illustrated in Figure 7.

In the following description, the covering or facing elements are called "tiles" to correspond to the illustrated embodiment.

Figures 1 to 5 detail a covering or facing element in the form of a roofing tile (or top) of the "channel >> 1a" type, which, in association with a covering or facing element in the form of a current tile (or from below) 1b as illustrated in FIG. 6, allows the construction of the building roof 3 shown in FIGS. 7 to 9.

The roof tile 1a of the channel type illustrated in isolation in FIGS. 1 to 5 can be made of terracotta, cement or any other material. It is generally generally slightly trapezoidal in shape (for example of the order of 10 to 30 cm wide by 25 to 50 cm long), delimited by a first lateral border 4, a second lateral border 5, a first transverse border 6 and a second transverse border 7.

The first and second transverse edges 6 and 7 are parallel to each other; and the first and second lateral borders 4 and 5 connect said first and second transverse borders 6, 7 in a slightly divergent manner from the first transverse border 6 to the second transverse border 7. The width of the first transverse border 6 is therefore less than the width of the second transverse border 7

This cover tile 1a is also delimited by a bottom face 8 and a top face 9 which define between them a thickness E here constant or substantially constant (for example of the order 1 to 1.5 cm).

The tile 1a also has a longitudinal axis L which connects the first and second transverse edges 6, 7 and which extends between the first and second side edges 4, 5, generally substantially parallel to said first and second side edges 4, 5. The cross section of this tile 1a, perpendicular to said longitudinal axis L, is generally curved or curved, its bottom face 8 being concave and its top face 9 being convex. The general shape of the tile 1 a is in a cone portion.

The two lateral edges 4 and 5 of the tile 1a extend in the same base plane P (FIG. 3).

According to the invention, this facing element in the form of a tile 1a comprises two lateral reservations, namely:

a first lateral reservation 10, which opens into the first lateral border 4, and

a second lateral reservation 11 which opens into the second lateral border 5.

These first and second lateral reservations 10, 11 are arranged opposite the first and second lateral edges 4, 5, here near the first transverse border 6 (called proximity transverse border 6) of "small >> width, and at equal distance, or substantially equal distance, of this proximity transverse border 6.

The two lateral reservations 10, 11 extend over the entire thickness E of the tile 1a to open into its top 9 and bottom 8 faces; and each of these two reservations 10, 11 defines a latching pin structure, respectively 12 and 13, between it and the proximity transverse edge 6.

In general, as detailed in the following description, the structures of latching studs 12, 13 and the lateral reservations 10, 11 are arranged to cooperate by latching with the structures of latching studs 12, 13 and the lateral reservations 10, 11 of other identical or similar tiles, arranged head to tail, to obtain a building roof structure, in particular a roof structure as illustrated in FIGS. 7 to 9.

For this, the lateral reservations 10, 11 are each delimited by a contour border 15, the latching pin structures 12, 13 are each delimited by a contour border 16, and each of these lateral reservations 10, 11 and the juxtaposed attachment stud structure 12, 13, have a common contour border portion 17 adapted to cooperate with a common contour border portion 17 of another identical or similar tile 1a, to allow them to be hooked.

The two lateral reservations 10 and 11 of each tile 1a have an identical shape and, as can be seen in the figures (in particular in FIG. 5), they are each delimited by the contour border 15 consisting of the juxtaposition:

- said common edge border portion 17,

- a bottom border portion 18, and

- an internal border part 19.

The contour border 15 has a generally trapezoidal shape, the large base of which is located on the lateral borders 4, 5.

The internal border portion 19 is rectilinear and extends perpendicular, or substantially perpendicular, to the longitudinal axis L. The bottom border portion 18 is rectilinear and formed by a plane parallel or substantially parallel to the base plane P. La border part of common contour 17 is rectilinear and extends in an inclined manner, with respect to a line perpendicular to the longitudinal axis L, by an open angle preferably between 0 and 45 °, and which is here of l '' from 25 to 35 °; this inclination is oriented from the longitudinal axis L in the direction of the proximity transverse edge 6.

The two attachment stud structures 12 and 13 of each tile 1a have an identical shape.

The contour border 16 of these attachment stud structures 12, 13 has a generally generally trapezoidal shape, the large base of which is located in the extension of the bottom border portion 18 of the juxtaposed lateral reservation 10, 11, and whose the small base is located on the side of the associated side border 4, 5.

And this contour border 16 consists of the juxtaposition: - of the common contour border part 17, - of a truncated end part 20, and - of a part of the proximity transverse border 6.

The end part 20 is truncated (that is to say it is set back from the line corresponding to the associated lateral border 4, 5) in particular to avoid the presence of a point part capable of 'be fragile.

In addition, this end portion 20 extends in a plane parallel or substantially parallel to the base plane P (and therefore parallel or substantially parallel to the bottom edge portion 18 of the lateral reservations 10, 11).

The cover tile 1 a is intended to be laid with its concave underside 8 facing downwards, that is to say towards the support structure and the associated current tiles 1 b.

Such a current tile 1b is illustrated in isolation in FIG. 6.

This current tile 1b differs from the cover tile 1a detailed above by the fact that it has a concave top face 9 and a convex bottom face 8; and also by the fact that its convex underside 8 comprises a set of one-piece stops 22, conventional, adapted to wedge its positioning on battens added to the surface of the building envelope which it is desired to cover, and / or for wedge its positioning in relation to other current tiles 1b which it partially covers on the same column.

The current tile 1 b has dimensions identical or similar to the cover tile 1 a described above; there are also identical or similar attachment means in the form of lateral reservations 10, 11 and attachment pin structures 12, 13, formed on the side of the proximity transverse border 6 of "small >> width.

The roof tiles 1a and current 1b can be produced by a conventional continuous extrusion process which uses a clay loaf from which the tiles are cut, with several successive accessories suitable for making by cutting the hollow parts ( lateral reservations), projecting parts (possible stops) and the length of the tile.

The cutting of the lateral reservations 10, 11 automatically creates the hooking pins 12, 13.

The building roof 3 as illustrated in FIGS. 7 to 9 is produced by hooking the cover tiles 1a onto two current tiles 1b placed adjacent to each other, this by means of their lateral reservations 10, 11 and stud structures d 'hanging 12, 13.

More specifically, current tiles 1b are arranged in parallel columns A1, A2, A3 ... on a sloping building envelope surface S which it is desired to cover and which is here equipped with parallel battens T arranged perpendicularly to slope. These parallel columns A1, A2, A3 ... of current tiles 1b extend in the direction of the slope of the building envelope surface S, with the lateral edges of the tiles facing two adjacent columns spaced apart from each other. a distance of a few millimeters or tens of millimeters (for example 0 to 40 mm).

In each column A1, A2, A3 ... the current tiles 1b are arranged with partial overlap with respect to each other, with - their longitudinal axis L in the direction of the slope, - their transverse border of "large >> width 7 upstream of the slope and - their transverse border of "small >> width 6 downstream of the slope. The columns of current tiles 1b are produced from the bottom of the slope, by hooking their stops 22 on the battens T and / or by hooking these stops 22 on the transverse edge 7 of the tile 1b located just downstream.

In an alternative embodiment, the current tiles 1b can be laid directly on a battens structure devoid of parallel battens; the downstream tile of each column is then locked against a stop, for example a lower cleat, and the following tiles come to bear one against the other.

For their part, the roof tiles 1a are arranged in parallel columns B1, B2, B3 ... with partial overlap with respect to each other, with: - their longitudinal axis L in the direction of the slope, - their transverse border of "small >> width 6 upstream of the slope and - their transverse border of" large >> width 7 downstream of the slope.

In addition, each column B1, B2, B3 ... is arranged between two adjacent columns A1, A2, A3 ... of current tiles 1b, with the side edges 4, 5 of said cover tiles 1a partially covering the edges side 4, 5 of the current tiles 1b facing said two adjacent columns A1, A2, A3 ... of current tiles 1b.

And within each column B1, B2, B3 ... each cover tile 1a is hooked onto two current tiles 1b by the cooperation of their lateral reservations 10, 11 and structures of hooking studs 12, 13 :

- One of said attachment pin structures 12, 13 of each cover tile 1a hooking into a lateral reservation 10, 11 of a current tile 1b of one of said columns A1, A2, A3. .. of current tiles 1b, and

- its other latching stud structure 12, 13 which hooks into a lateral reservation 10, 11 of another current tile 1b of an adjacent column A1, A2, A3 ... of current tiles 1b.

During this attachment, the attachment pin structure 12, 13 of the cover tiles 1a is inserted into the lateral reservation 10, 11 of an adjacent current tile 1b; and the two common contour border portions 17 facing the two tiles 1a, 1b bear against each other, due to the slope imposed by the building surface S.

In addition, during the insertion of the tenon structures 12, 13 of the cover tile 1a in the lateral reservations 10, 11 of the adjacent current tiles 1b, the flat surfaces of the bottom portions 18 of the reservations 10, 11 and of the end portions 20 of the tenon structures 12, 13, come opposite or almost opposite one another, possibly bearing one on the other, which facilitates the adjustment of the lateral positioning of the tiles, and which gives the laying a certain margin of maneuver to adjust the pitch between the different columns of tiles (adjustment of the lateral gauge).

Preferably, the dimensions and the positioning of the lateral reservations 10, 11 on the current tiles 1a and cover 1b are adapted so that a covering part of at least some of the cover tiles 1a comes to cover the structures of attachment pins 12, 13 and the lateral reservations 10, 11 of other cover tiles 1a and current 1b, so as to make invisible these structures of attachment pins 12, 13 and lateral reservations 10, 11.

The lateral reservations 10, 11 and the attachment stud structures 12, 13 are the only systems for holding the cover tiles 1a; and no other means is necessary to maintain these cover tiles 1a.

On the edges of the covering structure obtained, where appropriate, the lateral column of cover tiles 1a is held on one side only, by one of its reservation / tenon attachment systems. Preferably, the maintenance of this lateral column is then completed by additional sealing or fixing (nail, screw, etc.).

It will be noted that the contour borders 15 of the lateral reservations 10, 11 and the contour borders 16 of the latching pin structures 12, 13 can take other forms than those shown in the appended figures.

For example, these contour borders 15 and / or 16 can be rounded at the corners, or even be rounded as a whole.

Also, the common contour border portion 17 may not be straight and have other shapes, for example a curved S shape.

Such a structure of covering or facing element according to the invention has the following advantages:

- The hanging system being under the covering part between two cover tiles, the fixing becomes invisible (see Figure 7);

- such an arrangement allows a variation of the lateral pureau of the columns of tiles to the same extent as with traditional channel tiles having the same curve;

- Such an assembly accepts a certain deviation from the height positioning of the current tiles;

- no need to immobilize the first row of cover tiles;

- the change of the cover tiles is carried out without difficulty because there is no load transfer from one to the other;

- this type of tile can be installed as a replacement, complement or in parallel with traditional channel tiles;

- we obtain a roof similar in appearance to a traditional blocked installation;

- such a system is applicable on channel tiles of varied profile and curve;

- this type of attachment is effective on concave, convex or misshapen roofs;

- this system is applicable and achievable regardless of the length of the tile as long as the current is adapted to the cover.

Claims (12)

1. A covering or facing element for a building envelope surface, which covering or facing element (1a, 1b) is delimited by a first lateral border (4), a second lateral border (5), a first transverse border (6) and a second transverse border (7), said first and second lateral borders (4, 5) connecting said first and second transverse borders (6, 7), a longitudinal axis (L) connecting said first and second borders transverse (6, 7) and extending between said first and second lateral edges (4, 5), generally parallel or substantially parallel to said first and second lateral edges (4, 5), said covering or facing element (1a, 1b) being also delimited by a bottom face (8) and a top face (9) defining between them a thickness (E) of said covering or facing element (1a, 1b), characterized in that it comp returns: a first lateral reservation (10), which opens into said first lateral border (4), and - a second lateral reservation (11) which opens into said second lateral border (5), which first and second lateral reservations (10, 11) extend over the entire thickness (E) of said covering or facing element (1 ) to open into said bottom (8) and top (9) faces, said first and second lateral reservations (10, 11) being arranged opposite said first and second lateral edges (4, 5), near one (6) of said first or second transverse edges (6, 7), said proximity transverse border, at equal or substantially equal distance from said proximity transverse border (6), each of said lateral reservations ( 10, 11) defining a latching tenon structure (12, 13) between it and said proximity transverse edge (6), arranged to cooperate by latching with a lateral reservation (10, 11) of another neck element identical or similar facing or facing (1a, 1b). 2. covering or facing element according to claim 1, characterized in that said lateral reservations (10, 11) are each delimited by a contour border (15), in that said hooking pin structures (12, 13) are each delimited by a contour border (16), and in that each of said lateral reservations (10, 11), and said juxtaposed hooking pin structure (12, 13), comprise a contour border part common (17), said common contour border part (17) being adapted to cooperate with a common contour border part (17) of another identical or similar covering or facing element (1a, 1b), for allow their hanging. 3. Covering or facing element according to claim 2, characterized in that said common edge border portion (17) is rectilinear. 4. Covering or facing element according to claim 3, characterized in that said common edge border portion (17) extends inclinedly, with respect to a line perpendicular to said longitudinal axis (L), by angle between 0 and 45 °, the corresponding inclination being oriented from said longitudinal axis (L) in the direction of said proximity transverse edge (6). 5. Cover or facing element according to any one of claims 2 to 4, characterized in that said contour border (15) of said lateral reservations (10, 11) consists of the juxtaposition: - of said common border part (17), - a bottom border portion (18), and - an internal border part (19). 6. covering or facing element according to claim 5, characterized in that said first and second lateral edges (4, 5) extend in the same base plane (P), and in that said edge portion of bottom (18) is formed by a plane parallel or substantially parallel to said base plane (P). 7. covering or facing element according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that said first and second lateral edges (4, 5) extend in the same base plane (P), and in that that said attachment stud structures (12, 13) comprise an end portion (20) formed by a plane parallel or substantially parallel to said base plane (P). 8. covering or facing element according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that it is in the form of a channel-type tile having a cross section, perpendicular to said longitudinal axis (L), generally curved. 9. Covering structure for a building envelope surface comprising a juxtaposition of a plurality of covering or facing elements (1a, 1b) according to any one of claims 1 to 8, at least some of said elements. covering or facing (1a) being hooked, by their structures of hooking pins (12, 13) to two covering or facing elements (1 b) arranged adjacent. 10. Covering structure according to claim 9, characterized in that it comprises: - so-called “current” covering or facing elements (1 b) arranged in parallel columns (A1, A2, A3) and partially overlapping with respect to each other on each column (A1, A2, A3), and - so-called “cover” covering or facing elements (1a) arranged in parallel columns (B1, B2, B3) and partially overlapping with respect to each other on each column (B1, B2, B3), the lateral edges (4, 5) of said cover elements (1a) partially covering the lateral edges (4, 5) of the current elements (1b) facing two adjacent columns (A1, A2, A3) d current elements (1b), said cover elements (1a) each hooking onto two current facing elements (1b) by the cooperation of their lateral reservations (10, 11) and structures of hooking studs (12, 13), one of the hooking pin structures (12, 13) of at least one of said cover elements (1a) coming to hang in a lateral reservation (10, 11) of a current element (1 b) of one of said columns (A1, A2, A3) of current elements (1b), and its other post structure a hooking (12, 13) hooking into a lateral reserve (10, 11) of another current element (1 b) of an adjacent column (A1, A2, A3) of current elements (1 b ). 11. Covering structure according to any one of claims 9 or 10, characterized in that it consists of covering or facing elements (1a, 1b) of channel tile type, to form a building roof. 12. Covering structure according to any one of claims 9 to 11, characterized in that it comprises covering or facing elements (1a, 1b) whose dimensions and whose positioning 5 of the lateral reservations (10, 11) are adapted so that a covering part of at least some of the cover elements (1a) comes to cover the structures with hooking studs (12, 13) and the lateral reservations (10 , 11) other cover or facing elements (1a, 1b), to make invisible said structures of hooking studs (12, 13) and said 10 side reservations (10, 11). 6S ^a 2/4