FR3046187A1 - TILE FOR IMITATING THE APPEARANCE OF TRADITIONAL CANAL TILES COVERAGE - Google Patents

Abstract

Tile consisting of a plate of rigid material delimited by a first upper edge (2), a second lower edge (3), and third (4) and fourth (5) opposite edges, the plate being corrugated to form at least two parts currents (7a, 7b) alternating with the same number of covering portions (6a, 6b). Each transition (8) between a current portion and a covering portion is, in the purine portion (P), offset towards the axis of the current portion, thus constituting central abutment surfaces (9) located in the same perpendicular plane to the axis of the current and covering parts; the third edge (4), forming part of the first lateral covering region (R11), has a notch (10) pushed from the upper edge (2) and forming a lateral abutment surface (11), belonging to the same plane than the central stop surfaces.

Description

TILE FOR IMITATING THE APPEARANCE OF A CANAL TILES COVER

The present invention relates to the field of tiles and relates more particularly to a tile allowing, once laid with a plurality of these same tiles in rows and columns, to obtain a cover having the appearance of a cover composed of tiles channel .

The channel tiles, having the shape of a frustoconical gutter, are superimposed on each other to form a sloping roof, the tiles whose concavity is turned downwards are said to cover and are arranged above the roofs. tiles whose concavity is turned upward and called current. Such channel tiles allow to obtain blankets with a highly sought-after appearance, which can be used, for example, in the case of restoration of the old and historical monuments. However, they have the disadvantages of being expensive to manufacture and time consuming in terms of laying. To overcome these disadvantages, so-called mechanical or interlocking tiles, different from the channel tiles, were developed as early as the 19th century, in particular to provide an appearance similar to that of the channel tiles.

French patent FR2604467 discloses such a mechanical tile imitating, once laid, the appearance of traditional channel tiles. This mechanical tile is constituted by a terracotta tile whose front face, visible, comprises a region, called pureau, not intended to be covered by another tile, and a region, called longitudinal overlap, located at the top of the pureau and intended to be covered by a tile of upper row. The purge is divided into two convex zones alternating with two concave zones, providing the appearance respectively of covering tiles and current tiles, the two convex zones being in excess of the two concave zones and projecting from them by their lower edge opposite the longitudinal overlap region.

Each tile is intended to be mechanically assembled on the one hand to an adjacent tile of the same column but of upper row, and on the other hand, to two adjacent tiles of the same row, one on each side of said tile. The mechanical assembly results in particular from the cooperation and nesting of different rods provided on both the front face and the rear face of the tile. Thus provided are the following rods: transverse rods, at least one on the front face, in the overlap region and over the entire width of the tile, and at least one on the rear face, intended to cooperate with the corresponding transverse rods of the adjacent tile of the same column, so as to ensure the mechanical connection and the seal between the two tiles of the same column, longitudinal rods extending on the lateral edges of the tile and intended to cooperate with the corresponding longitudinal rods of the adjacent tiles of the same row, so as to ensure the mechanical connection and the sealing between the tiles of the same row.

It is also expected that the extra thickness of the convex areas relative to the concave areas is interrupted at the overlap portion, so as to cooperate also with the transverse rods.

Such mechanical or interlocking tiles make it possible to imitate the appearance of the channel tiles in a rather satisfactory manner. However, these tiles pose difficulties of disassembly, for example when replacing defective tiles and / or broken, which can be damaged in particular by the weather or during the maintenance of the roof. The tightness provided by the rods prevents easy release of the tile and therefore involves tedious manipulations simply for the replacement of a single element. In addition, these mechanical tiles, which are generally made without undercuts, can be manufactured only by molding / pressing, which limits the possibilities of industrial manufacture of tiles.

The present invention therefore aims to provide a tile imitating the appearance of several traditional channel tiles, allowing quick and easy installation and easy disassembly / replacement in case of broken tiles and / or defective, while ensuring a good seal for the roof, and which can be manufactured by stretch-spinning as well as by molding / pressing.

The present invention relates to a tile constituted by a rigid material plate delimited by a first said upper edge, intended to be located ridge side once the roof tile laid, a second edge said lower, opposite the upper edge, and third and fourth opposite edges each connecting the upper and lower edges, the plate being corrugated to form, from the upper edge to the lower edge, at least two concave portions said common portions, concavity facing upwards once the tile laid on the cover, alternating with the same number of convex portions said covering portions, concavity facing downwards, the central axes of the current portions and covering parts being orthogonal to said upper and lower edges and each running portion joining at least one covering part, said third and fourth edges being formed by the free edge of a covering portion and the free edge e of a running part, respectively, the tile being intended to form, by laying a plurality of these same tiles in rows and columns, a cover having the appearance of a roof tiles channel, the region of the edge the top of the tile, said longitudinal overlap region, being suitable for this purpose to be covered by the region of the lower edge of another adjacent tile of the same column but upper row, while the upper surface of the remainder of the plate, which constitutes the purge, is intended to be largely visible, the neighboring regions of said third and fourth edges, said respectively first and second lateral overlapping regions, being able, respectively, to be covered by the second overlap region respectively. edge of another adjacent tile of the same row and to cover the first lateral overlap region of yet another adjacent tile of the same row, the tile being characterized in that: each transition between a current portion and a covering portion is, in the purel portion, offset towards the axis of the current portion, thus constituting abutment surfaces, called central, located in the same plane perpendicular to the axis of the current and covering parts; said third edge, forming part of the first lateral overlap region, has a notch pushed from the upper edge and forming a so-called lateral abutment surface, belonging to the same plane as the central abutment surfaces; the plane of the central abutments and the lateral abutment forming the separation between the flange and the longitudinal overlap region of the tile; and the upper and lower surfaces of the tile are free of relief in the longitudinal overlap region and the first and second lateral overlap regions.

Such a tile configuration, due to the absence of reliefs in the longitudinal overlap regions and the lateral overlap regions and the presence of the central and lateral abutment surfaces, allows the tiles to be simply laid on each other. other, with partial overlapping in said overlapping regions, without mechanical assembly by interlocking or interlocking projections and depressions provided on the upper and lower surfaces of the tiles. According to the present invention, the stop in translation is provided by the abutment surfaces and the seal is provided by the single contact of the different tiles in the different overlapping regions.

The installation and disassembly / replacement of such tiles are excessively fast and simple.

Indeed, once we have laid a first tile of a first row (or lower row), at the end of the latter, we simply put a second tile so that the second side overlap region of the second tile covers the first region of lateral overlap of the first tile, then a third tile is placed so that it covers the second tile in the same way, and so on until a row is obtained.

A first tile of a second row (or upper row) is then laid, so that the lower portion of its channel overlies the longitudinal overlap region of the first lower row tile, and the first row tile is slid. upper than its lower edge bears against the central abutment surfaces of the first lower row tile and the lateral abutment surface of the second lower row tile. A second top row tile is similarly laid so that its second side lap region covers the first side lap region of the first top row tile and its lower edge bears against the central stop faces of the top tile. second lower row tile and the lateral abutment surface of the third lower row tile. This is done until the top row is obtained, then for each row.

Of course, we can start laying an upper row before the lower row is completed. It will thus be possible to place two adjacent tiles of lower row then the tile of upper row which will bear on said two tiles, and so on.

It is emphasized here that, even though in the longitudinal overlap region the current portions of the upper row tile are received in the common portions of the lower row tile and the covering portions thereof are received in the covering portions of the tile. upper row, and that the tiles are somehow nested one in the other, this is not an interlocking sense of the prior art of the mechanical tiles, which supposes the provision of additional formations protruding and recessed on the upper and lower surfaces of the tile.

Another advantage of the present invention is that, because of its shape, the method of manufacturing the tile is not limited to molding / pressing. For example, the tile can be made by spinning / drawing.

According to a particular embodiment of the tile according to the present invention, the thickness thereof is identical or substantially identical in the portions purge and longitudinal overlap, the transition region between the two parts being curved in the area of the below the tile corresponding to the abutment areas of the top of the tile.

According to one embodiment of tile according to the invention, the transition edges between the currents and coverings of the region purge are parallel to the longitudinal axes thereof, giving an appearance of semi-cylindrical channel tiles to the roof formed in from these tiles.

According to another embodiment of the present invention, the transition edges between the currents and coverings of the purge region are inclined, giving an appearance of trapezoidal channel tiles to the roof formed from these tiles.

According to a particular characteristic of the tile according to the invention, it comprises, in the underside, in the purge portion, a retaining projection on roof battens, and a balancing projection. The embedding of the tiles according to the invention at the level of the lateral abutment can be performed by rounded surfaces.

According to a particular characteristic of a tile according to the invention, the latter has at least one empty part in its thickness, possibly filled with an insulating material such as a foam, an empty part or each empty part that can present itself. in the form of a channel opening into at least one edge of the tile, or a closed channel at each of its ends.

The tile according to the invention may in particular comprise two streams and two covers.

It can include three currents and three covers.

It is advantageously made of clay.

The present invention also relates to a roof formed from tiles as defined above, in the nested state.

To better illustrate the object of the present invention, will be described below, by way of indication and not limited to several particular embodiments, with reference to the accompanying drawing.

In this drawing: - Figure 1 shows a perspective view of a tile according to a first embodiment of the invention, said tile being presented in the orientation it would have once laid on a sloping roof in looking up and down; - Figure 2 shows another perspective view of the tile of Figure 1 in an opposite direction to that of Figure 1, according to the arrow II of Figure i; - Figure 3 is an end view of the tile of Figure 1 side surface stops, namely view of the upper part once the tile on a sloping roof; - Figure 4 is an enlarged scale, a partial view of Figure 3 showing a covering portion of the tile shown; - Figure 5 is a sectional view along V-V of Figure 2; - Figure 6 is a sectional view along VI-VI of Figure 2 supplemented by a partial representation in phantom of the adjacent tile in mounting position on a roof; - Figures 7, 8 and 9 are sectional views respectively VII-VII, VIII-VIII and IX-IX of Figure 2; Figure 10 is a bottom view of the tile of Figure 1; 11 is a perspective view of three tiles of FIG. 1 in the assembled state, to illustrate the assembly of the tiles on a roof, both in the longitudinal direction and in the transverse direction; 12 is a side view of a succession of tiles of FIG. 1 in place on a roof flight; Figure 13 is a view similar to Figure 11 of an assembly of three tiles according to a second embodiment of the present invention; - Figure 14 is a view similar to Figure 3 of the tile according to this second embodiment; - Figure 15 is a bottom view of two tiles according to a third embodiment, assembled in the longitudinal direction, laying on batten; - Figure 16a is a side view of a succession of projecting tiles in place on a roof flight; - Figure 16b is a side view of a succession of tiles of Figure 15 in place on roof battens, resting themselves on rafters; FIG. 17 shows, in exploded position, two tiles according to a fourth embodiment in the position they will occupy in an assembly on a roof, such an assembly being illustrated by FIG. 18 which is similar to FIG. ; - Figure 19 is a view similar to Figure 2 showing a tile according to a fifth embodiment; - Figure 20a is a sectional view along XX-XX of Figure 19; - Figure 20b is a view similar to Figure 20a, illustrating an alternative embodiment of the latter; - Figure 21 is a perspective view similar to Figure 1 of a tile according to a sixth embodiment; Figure 22 is a perspective view similar to Figure 2 of the tile of Figure 21; - Figures 23, 24, 25 and 26 are views similar to Figures respectively, 1, 10, 2 and 11 of a tile according to a seventh embodiment of the present invention.

First embodiment

Referring to Figures 1-7, it can be seen that there is shown a tile 1 according to a first embodiment of the present invention.

The tile 1 is constituted by a clay plate delimited by: a first edge or upper edge 2 which will be located ridge side once the tile laid on the cover; a second edge or lower edge 3 opposite the upper edge 2 and parallel thereto; a third edge 4 and a fourth edge 5 opposite the third edge, the third (4) and fourth (5) edges each connecting the upper and lower edges 2 and 3 being perpendicular to them.

The plate forming the tile 1 is corrugated to form an edge 4 at the edge 5 successively a concave or covering portion 6a, then a convex or current portion 7a, then another concave or covering portion 6b, and another convex or current portion 7b. The longitudinal axes of the currents and covers are parallel to each other and parallel to the edges 4 and 5.

In the example shown, the coverings 6a, 6b have an arcuate profile, and the currents 7a, 7b, a trough-like profile, namely a round-bottomed circle or even slightly flat. Other particular shapes could be envisaged as soon as the coverings have a concavity turned towards the frame of the roof in the mounting position, and the currents, a concavity turned upwards in this position, with a view to the flow of rainwater.

The region adjacent to the upper edge 2 of the tile 1 is said longitudinal overlap region RL as will be explained with reference to Figure 11. The remainder of the plate constitutes the P purity.

Each transition line 8 between adjacent running and covering parts is, in the purge portion P offset towards the longitudinal axis of the current portion, thus constituting three abutment surfaces called central abutment surfaces 9 located in the same plane perpendicular to the axes. longitudinals of the current and covering parts and parallel to the edges 2 and 3 of the tile 1.

The neighboring regions of the edges 4 and 5 constitute lateral overlapping regions, noted respectively Rli and RI2. The third edge 4 has a notch 10 pushed from the upper edge 2 and forming an abutment surface, said lateral abutment surface 11, belonging to the same plane as the central abutment surfaces 9.

Through holes 12 are formed in the bottom of the common portions 7a, 7b in the longitudinal overlap portion RL, in the vicinity of the edge 2.

Referring now to FIGS. 9 and 10, it can be seen that on the underside, the tile 1 has, in the regions opposite to the abutment regions 9, transition regions 13 between the regions RL and P which are curved to ensure that the thickness of the tile 1 in the region RL and in the region P is the same or substantially the same.

Moreover, as can be seen in Figures 7, 8 and 9, the tile 1 is conventionally for slightly curved tiles from the edge 2 to the edge 3.

Figures 11 and 12 illustrate the assembly of the tiles 1 on the stairs 14 of a roof.

We start this assembly by the lower part of the roof and we progress in rows or columns. We start by putting the tile 1 in the lower left on Figure 11 and we just put the tile on the bottom right if we progress in rows or the tile above the lower left if we progress through columns. The tiles 1 are pointed on the volige 14 by points passing through the holes 12. The tiles overlap laterally by overlapping a region Rli on a region RI2 of the neighboring tile on the row which has just been placed. Tiles in an upper row come through their flush regions near their lower edges to cover the overlapping areas RL of the tiles 1 of the lower row.

This is a tiled roof that looks like a traditional canal tile roof.

Tiles 101, 201, 301, 401, 501 and 601 are now described which represent as many other embodiments of the tile 1, the elements of these tiles having been designated in the drawing by upper reference numerals of respectively 100, 200, 300, 400, 500 and 600. The identical elements will not be described. Only the differences will be compared to the embodiment of tile 1.

Second embodiment

The tile 101 is illustrated in Figures 13 and 14. The longitudinal edges 108 delimiting each covering 106a, 106b are no longer parallel to the longitudinal axes of the currents and covering but are inclined towards each other from the edge 103 to the plane containing the stops 109.

Under these conditions, in the assembled position, as can be seen in FIG. 13, the flanges have a shape that is not half-cylindrical but trapezoidal or frustoconical, with a view to a different aesthetic appearance, depending on the user's choice.

Third embodiment

The tile 201 is illustrated in Figures 15, 16a and 16b. It bears, on the underside, on each covering part, in the vicinity of the edge 202, a projection 215 and, in the purging portion, another projection 216. In Figures 16a and 16b, there is shown the primers of the pointing holes .

As can be seen in Figure 16a, in the assembly position on a roof without battens fixed on the truss, the projections 216 have a balancing role of the tile 201, for its packaging. It would be the same in the case - not shown here - of a roof with battens fixed on the vault.

As can be seen in Figure 16b, assembly position on a roof with battens 217 fixed to the rafters 214a, the projections 215 will abut on the battens 217. The projections 216 have a role of balancing of the tile 201, for its conditioning.

Fourth embodiment

The tile 301 is shown in Figures 17 and 18. It differs from the tile 1 in that the stop 311 connects the edge 304 in the region of the notch 310 by a rounded, the angle 318 between the edges 303. and 305 with which it must nest during the assembly having the same rounding.

This results in a better sealing of the tile cover, which is particularly useful in the case of very heavy rain combined with very strong gusts of wind.

Fifth embodiment

The tile 401 which is shown in Figures 19 and 20a has empty portions 419 in its thickness, which allows to lighten it. These empty portions 419 are in the example shown in the form of channels opening into the edge 402 and stop near the edge 403. They can be empty or be filled with an insulating material such as a foam.

In Figure 20b, there is shown an alternative embodiment of the empty parts, denoted here 419 ', which are in the form of closed channels at its two ends, in other words not opening into the edges 402' and 403 ', the Channels can, in the same way as those of Figure 20a, be empty or filled with an insulating material such as a foam.

The channels described above, whether they are empty or not, make it possible to avoid or reduce to a very large extent the risk of condensation on the underside of the tile. The shapes, dimensions and positioning of the channels are of ordinary skill in the art.

Tiles with such channels should have an increased thickness to maintain the same mechanical strength that tiles do not show, all other things being equal.

Sixth embodiment

The tile 501 differs from the tile 1 in that it has a covering 506c and an additional stream 507c.

Seventh embodiment

The tile 601 differs from the tile 1 by the inverted arrangement of the currents and covers, with, from left to right if one looks at Figure 26, a current sequence 607b - covering 606b - current 607a-covering 606a.

It is understood that the lengths, widths, thicknesses, spacings, curves, channels, overlaps, holes, etc., can be adapted according to the particular needs and the overall appearance that we want to give to the roof . In the case of the examples shown, there may be mentioned a number of tiles per m2 from 1 to 25. It may also be mentioned that the roofer is not obliged to point in all the holes of the tiles, this score being at least achieved in the lower row in the case of Figure 12.

Claims (11)

1 - Tile (1; 201; 301; 401; 501; 601) constituted by a plate of rigid material delimited by a first said upper edge (2; 102; 302; 402; 502; 602) intended to be located on the ridge side once the tile is laid on the roof, a second said lower edge (3; 103; 203; 303; 403; 503; 603), opposite to the upper edge, and third (4; 104; 204; 304; 404; 504; 604) and fourth (5; 105; 205; 305; 405; 505; 605) opposing edges each connecting the upper and lower edges, the plate being corrugated to form, from the upper edge to the lower edge, at least two concave portions said portions current (7a, 7b; 107a, 107b; 207a, 207b; 307a, 307b; 407a, 407b; 507a, 507b, 507c; 607a, 607b) having a concavity turned upwards when the tile is placed on the cover, alternating with a same number of convex portions referred to as covering portions (6a, 6b; 106a, 106b; 206a, 206b; 306a, 306b; 406a, 406b; 506a, 506b, 506c; 606a, 60 6b), of concavity turned downwards, said third and fourth edges being formed by the free edge of a covering part and the free edge of a running part, respectively, the tile being intended to form, by laying a plurality of these same tiles in rows and columns, a cover having the appearance of a channel tile roof, the region of the upper edge of the tile, said longitudinal overlap region (RL) being for this purpose able to be covered by the lower edge region of another adjacent tile of the same column but of upper row, while the upper surface of the remainder of the plate which constitutes the purge (P), is intended to be largely visible, the regions adjacent said third and fourth edges, respectively said first and second lateral overlap regions (Rli; RI2), being respectively able to be covered by the second lateral overlap region of another adjacent tile of the same row and to cover the first lateral overlap region of yet another adjacent tile of the same row, the tile being characterized by the fact that: each transition (8; 108; 208; 308; 408; 508; 608) between a running portion and a covering portion is in the purge portion (P) shifted toward the the current portion, thus constituting so-called central abutment surfaces (9; 109; 209; 309; 409; 509; 609) located in the same plane perpendicular to the axis of the current and covering portions; said third edge, forming part of the first lateral overlap region, has a notch (10; 110; 210; 310; 410; 510; 610) pushed from the upper edge (2; 102; 202; 302; 402; 502; 602) and forming a so-called lateral abutment surface (11; 111; 211; 311; 411; 511; 611) belonging to the same plane as the central abutment surfaces; the plane of the central stops and the lateral abutment forming the separation between the channel (P) and the longitudinal overlap region (RL) of the tile; and the upper and lower surfaces of the tile are free of relief in the longitudinal overlap region (RL) and the first and second lateral overlap regions (R1 1; RI2) · 2 - tile according to claim 1, characterized in that its thickness is identical or substantially identical in the portions purel (P) and longitudinal overlap (RL), the transition region (13; 213; 613) between the two parts being curved in the area below the tile corresponding to the central abutment surfaces (9; 109; 209; 309; 409; 509; 6 09) of the top of the tile. 3 - tile according to one of claims 1 and 2, characterized in that the transition edges (8; 208; 308; 408; 508; 608) between the currents and coverings of the region purge (P) are parallel to longitudinal axes thereof, giving an appearance of semi-cylindrical channel tiles to the roof formed from these tiles. 4 - tile according to one of claims 1 and 2, characterized in that the transition edges (108) between the currents and covering the region pureau (P) are inclined, giving an appearance of trapezoidal channel tiles to the roof made from these tiles. 5 - Tile according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that it comprises, in the underside, in the purine portion (P), a projection (215) for retaining on roof battens, and a balancing projection (216). 6 - tile according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the embedding of the tiles at the lateral abutment is effected by rounded surfaces. 7 - tile according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that it has at least one empty portion (419; 419 ') in its thickness, optionally filled with an insulating material, such as a foam, an empty portion or each empty portion being in the form of a channel opening into at least one edge of the tile or a closed channel at each of its ends. 8 - tile according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that it comprises two currents and two covers. 9 - tile according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that it comprises three currents (507a, 507b, 507c) and three covers (506a, 506b, 506c). 10 - tile according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that it is made of clay. 11 - Roof formed from tiles as defined in one of claims 1 to 10, in the nested state.