EP3921487B1 - Tile having a substantially flat structure - Google Patents

Tile having a substantially flat structure Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3921487B1
EP3921487B1 EP20707509.4A EP20707509A EP3921487B1 EP 3921487 B1 EP3921487 B1 EP 3921487B1 EP 20707509 A EP20707509 A EP 20707509A EP 3921487 B1 EP3921487 B1 EP 3921487B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
tile
groove
interlocking portion
longitudinal direction
gauge
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
EP20707509.4A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP3921487A1 (en
Inventor
Philippe Male
Jean Paul FREYSSINET
Rémi OGEZ
Khalid Maman
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Terreal SAS
Original Assignee
Terreal SAS
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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04D—ROOF COVERINGS; SKY-LIGHTS; GUTTERS; ROOF-WORKING TOOLS
    • E04D1/00—Roof covering by making use of tiles, slates, shingles, or other small roofing elements
    • E04D1/12—Roofing elements shaped as plain tiles or shingles, i.e. with flat outer surface
    • E04D1/16—Roofing elements shaped as plain tiles or shingles, i.e. with flat outer surface of ceramics, glass or concrete, with or without reinforcement
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04D—ROOF COVERINGS; SKY-LIGHTS; GUTTERS; ROOF-WORKING TOOLS
    • E04D1/00—Roof covering by making use of tiles, slates, shingles, or other small roofing elements
    • E04D1/29—Means for connecting or fastening adjacent roofing elements
    • E04D1/2907—Means for connecting or fastening adjacent roofing elements by interfitted sections
    • E04D1/2914—Means for connecting or fastening adjacent roofing elements by interfitted sections having fastening means or anchors at juncture of adjacent roofing elements
    • E04D1/2916—Means for connecting or fastening adjacent roofing elements by interfitted sections having fastening means or anchors at juncture of adjacent roofing elements the fastening means taking hold directly on adjacent elements of the same row
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04D—ROOF COVERINGS; SKY-LIGHTS; GUTTERS; ROOF-WORKING TOOLS
    • E04D1/00—Roof covering by making use of tiles, slates, shingles, or other small roofing elements
    • E04D1/29—Means for connecting or fastening adjacent roofing elements
    • E04D1/2907—Means for connecting or fastening adjacent roofing elements by interfitted sections
    • E04D1/2914—Means for connecting or fastening adjacent roofing elements by interfitted sections having fastening means or anchors at juncture of adjacent roofing elements
    • E04D1/2918—Means for connecting or fastening adjacent roofing elements by interfitted sections having fastening means or anchors at juncture of adjacent roofing elements the fastening means taking hold directly on adjacent elements of succeeding rows
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04D—ROOF COVERINGS; SKY-LIGHTS; GUTTERS; ROOF-WORKING TOOLS
    • E04D1/00—Roof covering by making use of tiles, slates, shingles, or other small roofing elements
    • E04D1/29—Means for connecting or fastening adjacent roofing elements
    • E04D1/2907—Means for connecting or fastening adjacent roofing elements by interfitted sections
    • E04D1/2949—Means for connecting or fastening adjacent roofing elements by interfitted sections having joints with fluid-handling feature, e.g. a fluid channel for draining
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04D—ROOF COVERINGS; SKY-LIGHTS; GUTTERS; ROOF-WORKING TOOLS
    • E04D1/00—Roof covering by making use of tiles, slates, shingles, or other small roofing elements
    • E04D1/29—Means for connecting or fastening adjacent roofing elements
    • E04D1/2907—Means for connecting or fastening adjacent roofing elements by interfitted sections
    • E04D1/2956—Means for connecting or fastening adjacent roofing elements by interfitted sections having tongues and grooves

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the field of construction.
  • the invention relates more particularly to the field of covering elements, such as tiles, for producing covering surfaces.
  • Tiles are used in constructions for covering surfaces such as roofs.
  • the tiles are arranged on the surface to be covered so as to present an inclination with respect to a horizontal plane to guarantee protection against rainwater while allowing the flow of rainwater.
  • the surface to be covered can present extreme inclinations. Indeed, on certain surfaces, the covering is operated by tiles laid out with a slight slope. In this case, the flow of rainwater on this type of construction is slower and the risk of infiltration is greater. Indeed, in this type of construction, the wind has a greater impact on the water flowing over the tiles and can thus influence the direction of water flow. In this case, rainwater may run off in the opposite direction to the slope and infiltrate between the tiles.
  • the tiles of the prior art comprise, on their outer surface commonly called extrados, an upper interlocking portion designed to be overlapped by an adjacent tile in the longitudinal direction usually corresponding to the line of greatest slope of the roof.
  • These tiles also comprise on their external surface, an external lateral interlocking portion designed to be overlapped by an adjacent tile in the transverse direction, the transverse direction being orthogonal to the longitudinal direction. The part of the external surface left free by the overlaps is called the exposure of the tile and is intended to receive rainwater directly.
  • the document FR1369567 discloses a roof tile having a stepped upper surface and having, at a lower level than its upper face, along its upper edge, a channel which forms both an interlocking groove and a water drainage channel and whose bottom is sloping towards one of the lateral edges, on the other hand, along this lateral edge, a channel which also constitutes an interlocking groove and a means of receiving the water coming from of the channel defined above, for its evacuation towards the lower edge of the tile.
  • the document FR2277954 describes an interlocking tile which is characterized in that it is shaped in successive tiers each delimiting at least two gauges, the upper tier being extended by interlocking parts of adjacent tiles and one of the lateral sides of the tile forming a stepped gutter for the interlocking of an adjoining tile.
  • the document FR3049972 describes a tile which comprises a substantially planar structure having an outer surface comprising at least one water flow surface formed by at least one groove in the thickness of the tile and oriented along the axis of the length of the tile.
  • the document EP2045411 describes a tile consisting of a substantially flat plate and comprising, close to a first side of the plate, a lateral interlocking part having the shape of a concave surface for the flow of rainwater.
  • the document US2015354229 describes a tile comprising a gutter comprising a horizontal dam forming an S-shaped path for rainwater.
  • the object of the invention is to overcome the drawbacks of the prior art.
  • One idea at the basis of the invention is to improve the watertightness of tiles laid on low slopes, in particular in areas where other tiles overlap.
  • the invention provides a tile with a substantially flat structure according to claim 1, in particular intended for laying on a low-sloped roof.
  • the groove with the stepped portion makes it possible to improve the sealing of the lateral overlap zone with an adjacent tile in the transverse direction.
  • the orientation of the riser makes it possible to form an obstacle to the rise of rainwater in the groove which could be due for example to a gust of wind infiltrating between the tiles.
  • such a tile may comprise one or more of the following characteristics.
  • the stepped portion comprises at least one step, the at least one step remaining inclined with respect to a horizontal plane when the tile is in service so as to ensure flow of rainwater by gravity towards a lower end of the tile.
  • the stepped portion comprises at least one step and one riser.
  • the stepped portion is located in an upper part of the external lateral interlocking portion, and the stepped portion comprises at least two steps and two risers, preferably three steps and three risers , at least one of or each step remaining inclined with respect to a horizontal plane when the tile is in service so as to ensure a flow of rainwater by gravity towards a lower end of the tile.
  • the stepped portion extends over the entire dimension of the groove in the longitudinal direction.
  • the stepped portion extends over the entire dimension of the groove in the transverse direction.
  • the groove is a first groove
  • the external lateral fitting portion comprises a second groove extending in the longitudinal direction parallel to the first groove, the first groove being placed between the gauge and the second groove.
  • the external lateral interlocking portion comprises a third groove extending in the longitudinal direction parallel to the first groove, the second groove being located between the first groove and the third groove.
  • the increase in the number of grooves in the external lateral interlocking portion makes it possible to improve the sealing of the lateral overlap zone of the tile by creating a plurality of rainwater drainage channels.
  • a bottom wall of the second groove and/or the third groove comprises a stepped portion extending over at least part of the dimension of the groove in the longitudinal direction.
  • the dimension of the first groove in a direction of thickness is smaller than the dimension of the second groove and/or of the third groove in the direction of thickness, the direction of thickness being orthogonal to the longitudinal and transverse directions.
  • the gauge comprises a lower edge forming a tile nose, the dimension of the second groove and/or of the third groove in a direction of thickness being decreasing in the longitudinal direction of the upper interlocking portion towards the tile nose, the direction of thickness being orthogonal to the longitudinal and transverse directions.
  • the internal lateral interlocking portion of the tile comprises the same number of ribs as the external lateral interlocking portion comprises grooves, so that each rib of the internal lateral interlocking portion is intended to come to rest in a groove of the external lateral interlocking portion of an adjacent tile in the transverse direction.
  • the internal surface comprises a support bar forming a projection and extending in the transverse direction, the support bar being configured to serve as a support in a lower portion of the tile.
  • the support strip is located at a distance in the longitudinal direction from a lower edge of the gauge forming a tile nose.
  • the zone located under the tile between the lower edge and the support bar makes it possible to limit the infiltration by capillarity of rainwater between the tiles and moreover plays the role of pressure drop zone for the the flow going up the tile in the direction of the support bar.
  • the distance between the support bar and the lower edge of the gauge in the longitudinal direction is between 5 and 30 mm, preferably is of the order of 10 mm.
  • the support bar is located in the continuity of a lower edge of the gauge.
  • the gauge is flat.
  • the outer surface comprises an adjustment portion configured to allow adjustment of the overlap between the tile and the adjacent tile in the longitudinal direction, the adjustment portion being located between the upper interlocking portion and the exposure, at least part of the adjustment portion being configured to be overlapped by the adjacent tile in the longitudinal direction, and in which the adjustment portion is inclined in a direction opposite to the slope of the roof with respect to the exposure.
  • the inclination of the adjustment portion makes it possible to improve the sealing of the upper overlap zone with an adjacent tile in the longitudinal direction.
  • the adjustment portion is inclined in a direction opposite to the slope so that the tile and the adjacent tile in the longitudinal direction have a different inclination in the overlap zone.
  • This difference in inclination makes it possible to create between these two tiles a divergent zone forming a larger reservoir.
  • This zone forming a reservoir makes it possible to collect the rainwater pushed by the wind which will have lost speed when arriving in this zone.
  • this difference in inclination also makes it possible to limit infiltration by capillarity between these two tiles in order to improve the tightness of the assembly.
  • the adjustment portion is flat so that the angle between the adjustment portion and the gauge is constant.
  • the adjustment portion is curved so that the angle between the adjustment portion and the gauge is variable.
  • the angle formed between the adjustment portion and the exposure is between 0.5° and 15°, preferably between 0.5° and 3°.
  • the adjustment portion is always inclined with respect to a horizontal plane in the direction of the slope of the roof so as to cause the runoff of rainwater by gravity as soon as the wind pressure weakens, towards the bottom of the tile while having a different inclination from the gauge.
  • the tile has an edge extending in the transverse direction at the junction between the exposure and the adjustment portion.
  • the design of the junction facilitates the assembly of these two tiles by allowing manufacturing tolerances.
  • the junction between the gauge and the adjustment portion forms a step extending in the transverse direction
  • the support bar is configured to come into contact with an adjustment portion of an adjacent tile in the longitudinal direction.
  • the internal surface comprises at least one stud, preferably at least two, configured to form a positioning abutment, the at least one stud being intended to come into contact with a batten of the roof, and in in which the tile comprises an upper edge, the tenon being located at right angles to the upper edge
  • the upper interlocking portion comprises at least one sealing strip, preferably at least two sealing strips, forming a projection and extending in the transverse direction, the at least one sealing strip sealing being configured to form an obstacle to the circulation of water, and in which the at least one sealing strip is interrupted by a strip outlet configured to allow the circulation of water.
  • the sealing bar(s) make it possible, in addition to the inclination of the adjustment portion, to improve the sealing of the tile by forming an obstacle to the progression of rainwater rising using the wind the tile.
  • the outlet of the sealing bar makes it possible to guide rainwater towards a preferential evacuation zone.
  • the upper interlocking portion comprises a retention zone surrounded by a plurality of walls forming a projection, a first wall of the plurality of walls being one of the at least one sealing strip, a second wall of the plurality of walls being configured to separate the outer side interlocking portion from the upper interlocking portion, and wherein the second wall includes a zone outlet configured to allow the flow of water from the retention zone to the external lateral interlocking portion
  • the retention zone makes it possible to channel the rainwater which would have passed through the outlet of the sealing bar in order to evacuate it towards the external lateral interlocking portion in order to improve the sealing of the tile. by guiding rainwater to a drainage area.
  • the tile is made of terracotta, concrete, or any material suitable for covering a surface of a construction.
  • the invention provides a construction of tiles, in which the construction comprises a plurality of the aforementioned tiles, the tiles being arranged in a plane inclined at an angle with respect to a horizontal plane, the angle defining a slope of the construction, the upper interlocking portion of at least one of said tiles being overlapped by at least one of the adjacent tiles in the longitudinal direction, and the lateral interlocking portion of at least one said tiles being overlapped by at least one of the adjacent tiles in the transverse direction.
  • the slope is less than 35%, preferably less than 20%.
  • the longitudinal direction is the direction of the greatest dimension of the tile and usually corresponds to the line of greatest slope of the roof and the transverse direction corresponds to the direction orthogonal to the longitudinal direction so that the longitudinal directions and transverse form the plane of the roof.
  • the tile 1 with a substantially flat structure intended for laying on a low slope covering surface, in particular a roof, according to a plurality of embodiments.
  • the tile 1 comprises an internal surface 3 intended to be laid facing a roof and an external surface 2 opposite the internal surface 3.
  • the figure 1 shows a tile 1 according to a first embodiment, oriented towards the outer surface 2.
  • the outer surface 2 comprises a substantially flat gauge 4 intended to receive rainwater directly.
  • the outer surface 2 also comprises an upper interlocking portion 5 located in the extension of the gauge 4 in the longitudinal direction.
  • the upper interlocking portion 5 is in particular designed to be overlapped by an adjacent tile in the longitudinal direction as shown in the figure 3 and 4 .
  • the external surface 2 comprises an external lateral interlocking portion 6 located at the level of a lateral edge of the exposure 4.
  • the external lateral interlocking portion 6 is in particular designed to be overlapped by an adjacent tile in the transverse direction. as shown on the figure 5 .
  • the outer surface 2 also includes an adjustment portion 19 located between the exposure 4 and the upper interlocking portion 5.
  • the adjustment portion 19 is designed to allow adjustment of the overlap between the tile and the adjacent tile in the direction longitudinal so as to obtain a so-called variable gauge tile 1. Indeed, at least a part of the adjustment portion 19 is overlapped by the adjacent tile in the longitudinal direction so that this part has the same function as the upper interlocking portion 5. Similarly, a part of the adjustment portion 19 which is not overlapped by the adjacent tile in the longitudinal direction has the same function as the exposure 4. This is referred to when the adjustment portion 19 is completely overlapped as "minimum exposure” and when the adjustment portion 19 is overlapped at the minimum of “maximum gauge”.
  • the adjustment portion 19 is inclined with respect to the gauge 4 in a direction opposite to the roof slope. Indeed, the gauge 4, when the tile 1 is placed on a roof, is inclined by a value also at the slope of the roof.
  • the adjustment portion 19, due to its inclination with respect to the exposure 4, is inclined by a value less than that of the exposure 4 with respect to the slope of the roof so as to form a tile portion with a lower slope.
  • the inclination of the adjustment portion 19 is always less than the slope of the roof so as to maintain over the entire outer surface 2 of the tile 1 an inclination in the direction of the slope.
  • the junction between the adjustment portion 19 and the gauge 4 is made by an edge extending in the transverse direction so as to form a dihedral. In an embodiment not shown, the junction between the adjustment portion 19 and the gauge 4 is made by a step extending in the transverse direction.
  • the external lateral interlocking portion 6 comprises, from the inside of the tile 1 outwards, a first groove 8, a second groove 9, and a third groove 10.
  • the grooves 8, 9, 10 are separated from each other. others by a wall, and extend in the longitudinal direction.
  • Each groove 8, 9, 10 is designed to receive part of the inner surface 3 of an adjacent tile in the transverse direction.
  • a bottom wall of the first groove 8 comprises over part of its length a stepped portion 14 composed of a plurality of steps 15 and risers 16.
  • the risers 16 are oriented so as to face towards a lower longitudinal end of the tile 1 to prevent rainwater from rising in the first groove 8.
  • the stepped portion 14 may extend over the entire length of the first groove 8.
  • the stepped portion 14 may also be provided in the second groove 9 and/or in the third groove 10.
  • the upper interlocking portion 5 comprises a plurality of sealing strips 22 forming projections and extending in the transverse direction.
  • the sealing strips 22 are designed to form obstacles to the progression of rainwater, in particular rainwater rising up the tile 1.
  • the upper interlocking portion 5 comprises a strip outlet 23 locally interrupting the sealing bar 22 directly adjacent to adjustment portion 19 in order to guide rainwater towards a drainage area.
  • the upper interlocking portion 5 also comprises a retention zone 24 formed between an upper edge of the tile 1 and the sealing strips 22.
  • the zone retention zone 24 is framed by a plurality of walls forming a projection making it possible to contain the rainwater which would arrive as far as the retention zone 24.
  • a first wall of the retention zone 24 is formed by one of the bars of sealing 22 while a second wall 25 of the retention zone 24 is formed by the separation between the external lateral interlocking portion 6 and the upper interlocking portion 5.
  • the second wall 25 is equipped with an outlet 26 locally interrupting the second wall 25.
  • the zone outlet 26 is designed to guide rainwater from the retention zone 24 towards the external lateral interlocking portion 6, namely the first groove 8.
  • the outer surface 2 comprises nailing holes 27 having projecting walls so that the inside of the hole is not invaded by rainwater.
  • One of the holes 27 is located in an upper part of the external lateral interlocking portion 6 while the other of the holes 27 is located in the upper interlocking portion 5.
  • the nailing holes 27 are designed to accommodate a fixing device, for example a nail, in order to fix the tile 1 to a batten 100 of the roof 1.
  • the nailing holes 27 are blind, therefore made in such a way as not to emerge so that in the event of non-nailing in a hole 27 not to compromise the sealing of the tile.
  • the picture 2 represents a tile 1 according to the first embodiment, oriented on the side of the internal surface 3.
  • the internal surface 3 comprises a support bar 17 forming a projection and extending in the transverse direction .
  • the backing bar 17 is designed to form the support in a lower portion of the tile 1 on an adjacent tile in the longitudinal direction.
  • the internal surface 3 comprises two studs 20 forming a projection located in line with the upper edge 21 of the tile 1.
  • the studs 20 are designed to position the tile 1 on a batten 100 of a roof.
  • the tenon 20 comprises a wall which comes into contact with a wall of the batten 100 while a part of the internal surface 3 of the tile 1 comes into contact with another wall of the batten 100 which makes it possible to block the translation of the tile in the longitudinal direction and also forms a point of support for the tile 1 on the roof.
  • the nail holes 27 are located in alignment with a tenon 20 in the longitudinal direction.
  • the nailing hole is placed at a distance from the tenon 20 less than the width of the batten 100.
  • the placement of the tenon 20 to the right of the upper edge 21 of the tile 1 makes it possible to raise the nailing hole to the maximum on the tile and thus reduce the dimension in the longitudinal direction of the upper interlocking portion 5.
  • the internal surface 3 also comprises an internal lateral interlocking portion 7 in particular designed to overlap an adjacent tile in the transverse direction.
  • the internal lateral interlocking portion 7 comprises, from the inside towards the outside of the tile 1, a first rib 11, a second rib 12 and a third rib 13.
  • the internal lateral interlocking portion 7 comprises a same number of ribs 11, 12, 13 that the outer lateral interlocking portion has grooves 8, 9, 10. This allows when a tile 1 overlaps the outer lateral interlocking portion 6 of an adjacent tile in the transverse direction, as seen on the figure 5 , that each rib 11, 12, 13 is housed in a groove 8, 9, 10 of the external lateral interlocking portion 6.
  • the assembly formed by a rib 11, 12, 13 and a groove 8, 9, 10 thus forms a water evacuation channel in the longitudinal direction with a sealing barrier separating each of the water evacuation channels thus formed, the sealing barrier being formed by the contact between a wall of a rib 11, 12, 13 and a wall of a groove 8, 9, 10.
  • the figure 3 and 4 show two embodiments of the illustrated tile 1 when overlapping with an adjacent tile in the longitudinal direction.
  • the tenons 20 come into abutment against a batten 100 in order to position the tile 1 on the roof.
  • the support strip 17 is placed in the adjustment portion 19 of the adjacent tile in the longitudinal direction. The maximum gauge is therefore reached when the support bar 17 is placed against the sealing bar 22 directly adjacent to the adjustment portion 19 while the minimum gauge is reached when the support bar 17 is placed at the limit of the adjustment portion 19 at the level of the junction with the gauge 4.
  • the difference between the first embodiment shown in picture 3 and the second embodiment illustrated in figure 4 is located at the dimension 28 in the longitudinal direction between the support bar 17 and the lower edge 18 of the gauge 4.
  • the support bar 17 is located at a distance from the lower edge 18 in the longitudinal direction, for example between 5 and 30 mm, so that the support bar 17 is located more inside the surface internal 3 of tile 1.
  • the support bar 17 is located in the continuity of the lower edge 18 of the gauge 4 so that the dimension in the longitudinal direction between these two elements is zero.
  • the figures 5 to 7 represent a tile 1 which is overlapped by an adjacent tile in the transverse direction. Indeed, as can be seen in the figure 5 , the external lateral interlocking portion 6 of the tile 1 is found interlocking with the portion internal lateral interlocking 7 of the adjacent tile in the transverse direction. The external lateral interlocking portion 6 and the internal lateral interlocking portion 7
  • the figures 6 and 7 illustrate in particular the lateral interlocking of a tile 1 with an adjacent tile in the transverse direction, using two sections in the transverse direction of the interlocking at two different levels. Indeed, the figure 6 illustrates the lateral interlocking in a lower portion of the tiles 1 while the figure 7 illustrates the lateral interlocking in an upper portion of the tiles 1.
  • the third rib 13 has a decreasing thickness in the longitudinal direction and in the direction of the slope and that in the same way the third groove 10 has a decreasing depth in the longitudinal direction so that the thickness of the third rib 13 is adapted to the depth of the third groove 10.
  • the second groove 9 also has a decreasing depth in the longitudinal direction and in the slope direction.
  • the second rib 12 itself has a constant thickness in the longitudinal direction.
  • the second rib 12 has in the embodiment represented a particular shape making it possible to ensure that a wall of the second rib 12 is always in contact with a wall of the second groove 9 at least along a line of contact.
  • the second rib 12 therefore comprises, to make walls inclined with respect to the walls of the second groove 10.
  • a wall of the third rib 13 is pressed against a wall of the third groove 10 of so as to limit the flow of rainwater from the second groove 9 towards the third groove 10.
  • the inclined walls of the second rib 12 also make it possible to limit the flow of rainwater from the first groove 8 towards the second groove 9 by guaranteeing contact with a wall of the second groove 9 while overcoming manufacturing tolerances which could, in the case of non-inclined walls, induce a gap between the two walls.
  • the figure 8 illustrates a sectional view of the first groove 8 and in particular of the stepped portion 14 of the first groove 8.
  • the stepped portion 14 is located in an upper part of the portion of external lateral interlocking 6 and is composed of three steps and three risers.
  • the three risers form an obstacle to the rise of rainwater in the first groove 8, therefore three successive obstacles in the longitudinal direction.
  • the three steps are inclined with respect to a horizontal plane in the same direction as the slope of the roof so as to ensure the flow of rainwater by gravity towards a lower end of the tile 1.
  • the figures 9 to 11 correspond to three other embodiments (which do not form part of the invention) in which the gauge 4 has been modified in order to include a hollow portion 29, the other elements therefore remaining identical to the first or second embodiment.
  • the third embodiment of the figure 9 , the fourth embodiment of the figure 10 and the fifth embodiment of the figure 11 are distinguished by different shapes of the recessed portion 29.
  • the recessed portion 29 is however in all of these embodiments a substantially flat surface located below in the direction of thickness of the surface forming the exposure 4 and located in a lower portion of the outer surface 2 in the longitudinal direction. Thus, the flow of rainwater is facilitated and is directed in particular from the gauge 4 towards the dug portion 29.
  • the junction between the dug portion 29 and the exposure 4 is formed by a step while in the figure 11 , the junction between the indented portion 29 and the exposure 4 is done gradually using inclined walls.
  • the recessed portion 29 is located mainly in a lower portion of the gauge 4 close to the external lateral interlocking portion 6.
  • the hollow portion 29 is centered in a lower portion of the exposure 4.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • Roof Covering Using Slabs Or Stiff Sheets (AREA)
  • Finishing Walls (AREA)

Description

[Domaine technique[Technical area

L'invention se rapporte au domaine de la construction. L'invention se rapporte plus particulièrement au domaine des éléments de couverture, telles que les tuiles, pour la réalisation de surfaces de couverture.The invention relates to the field of construction. The invention relates more particularly to the field of covering elements, such as tiles, for producing covering surfaces.

Les tuiles sont utilisées dans les constructions pour le recouvrement de surfaces telles que les toitures. Les tuiles sont disposées sur la surface à recouvrir de façon à présenter une inclinaison par rapport à un plan horizontal pour garantir une protection contre l'eau de pluie tout en permettant un écoulement de l'eau de pluie.Tiles are used in constructions for covering surfaces such as roofs. The tiles are arranged on the surface to be covered so as to present an inclination with respect to a horizontal plane to guarantee protection against rainwater while allowing the flow of rainwater.

Arrière-pian technologiqueTechnological background

Dans ces constructions particulières, la surface à recouvrir peut présenter des inclinaisons extrêmes. En effet, sur certaines surfaces, le recouvrement est opéré par des tuiles disposées avec une inclinaison à faible pente. Dans ce cas, l'écoulement de l'eau de pluie sur ce genre de construction est plus lent et le risque d'infiltration est plus important. En effet, dans ce type de construction, le vent a une incidence plus importante sur l'eau ruisselant sur les tuiles et peut ainsi influencer le sens de ruissellement de l'eau. Dans ce cas, l'eau de pluie peut être amenée à ruisseler dans le sens contraire à la pente et à s'infiltrer entre les tuiles.In these particular constructions, the surface to be covered can present extreme inclinations. Indeed, on certain surfaces, the covering is operated by tiles laid out with a slight slope. In this case, the flow of rainwater on this type of construction is slower and the risk of infiltration is greater. Indeed, in this type of construction, the wind has a greater impact on the water flowing over the tiles and can thus influence the direction of water flow. In this case, rainwater may run off in the opposite direction to the slope and infiltrate between the tiles.

Les tuiles de l'art antérieur comprennent, sur leur surface externe appelée communément extrados, une portion d'emboitement supérieure conçue pour être chevauchée par une tuile adjacente dans la direction longitudinale correspondant habituellement à la ligne de plus grande pente de la toiture. Ces tuiles comprennent également sur leur surface externe, une portion d'emboitement latéral externe conçue pour être chevauchée par une tuile adjacente dans la direction transversale, la direction transversale étant orthogonale à la direction longitudinale. La partie de la surface externe laissée libre par les chevauchements est appelée le pureau de la tuile et est destiné à recevoir directement l'eau de pluie.The tiles of the prior art comprise, on their outer surface commonly called extrados, an upper interlocking portion designed to be overlapped by an adjacent tile in the longitudinal direction usually corresponding to the line of greatest slope of the roof. These tiles also comprise on their external surface, an external lateral interlocking portion designed to be overlapped by an adjacent tile in the transverse direction, the transverse direction being orthogonal to the longitudinal direction. The part of the external surface left free by the overlaps is called the exposure of the tile and is intended to receive rainwater directly.

Lors de grandes bourrasques de vent, l'eau de pluie a donc tendance sur ce genre de tuiles disposées à faible pente à s'infiltrer dans les zones de chevauchement, notamment par capillarité entre deux tuiles, et donc à causer une défaillance de l'étanchéité des assemblages de tuiles. De plus, plus la pente de la toiture est proche de 0%, plus le vent a de prise sur le ruissellement de l'eau de pluie ce qui augmente le risque de défaillance. En effet, dans l'art antérieur, peu de conception de tuiles permettent une disposition sur une pente inférieure à 25% notamment dans des zones géographiques de concomitance vent/pluie élevée.During strong gusts of wind, rainwater therefore tends on this kind of tiles arranged at a low slope to infiltrate into the overlapping zones, in particular by capillarity between two tiles, and therefore to cause a failure of the sealing of tile joints. In addition, the closer the slope of the roof is to 0%, the more the wind has a grip on rainwater runoff which increases the risk of failure. Indeed, in the prior art, few tile designs allow an arrangement on a slope of less than 25%, particularly in geographical areas of high wind/rain concomitance.

Le document FR1369567 décrit une tuile présentant une surface supérieure de en gradins et qui comporte, à un niveau plus bas que sa face supérieure, le long de son bord supérieur, un canal qui forme à la fois rainure d'emboîtement et rigole d'évacuation d'eau et dont le fond est en pente vers l'un des bords latéraux, d'autre part, le long de ce bord latéral, un canal qui constitue, lui aussi, une rainure d'emboîtement et un moyen de réception de l'eau provenant du canal défini ci-dessus, pour son évacuation vers le bord inférieur de la tuile.The document FR1369567 discloses a roof tile having a stepped upper surface and having, at a lower level than its upper face, along its upper edge, a channel which forms both an interlocking groove and a water drainage channel and whose bottom is sloping towards one of the lateral edges, on the other hand, along this lateral edge, a channel which also constitutes an interlocking groove and a means of receiving the water coming from of the channel defined above, for its evacuation towards the lower edge of the tile.

Le document FR2277954 décrit une tuile à emboîtement qui est caractérisée en ce qu'elle est conformée en gradins successifs délimitant chacun au moins deux pureaux, le gradin supérieur étant prolongé par des parties d'emboitement de tuiles adjacentes et l'un des côtés latéraux de la tuile formant une gouttière à gradins pour l'emboitement d'une tuile contiguë.The document FR2277954 describes an interlocking tile which is characterized in that it is shaped in successive tiers each delimiting at least two gauges, the upper tier being extended by interlocking parts of adjacent tiles and one of the lateral sides of the tile forming a stepped gutter for the interlocking of an adjoining tile.

Le document FR3049972 décrit une tuile qui comporte une structure sensiblement plane présentant une surface externe comprenant au moins une surface d'écoulement d'eau formée par au moins une rainure dans l'épaisseur de la tuile et orientée selon l'axe de la longueur de la tuile.The document FR3049972 describes a tile which comprises a substantially planar structure having an outer surface comprising at least one water flow surface formed by at least one groove in the thickness of the tile and oriented along the axis of the length of the tile.

Le document EP2045411 décrit une tuile constituée d'une plaque sensiblement plate et comprenant, à proximité d'un premier côté de la plaque une partie d'emboitement latérale ayant la forme d'une surface concave pour l'écoulement des eaux de pluie.The document EP2045411 describes a tile consisting of a substantially flat plate and comprising, close to a first side of the plate, a lateral interlocking part having the shape of a concave surface for the flow of rainwater.

Le document US2015354229 décrit une tuile comprenant une gouttière comportant un barrage horizontal formant un chemin en S pour l'eau de pluie.The document US2015354229 describes a tile comprising a gutter comprising a horizontal dam forming an S-shaped path for rainwater.

L'invention a pour but de pallier aux inconvénients de l'art antérieur.The object of the invention is to overcome the drawbacks of the prior art.

RésuméSummary

Une idée à la base de l'invention est d'améliorer l'étanchéité à l'eau de tuile disposée à faibles pentes notamment dans les zones de chevauchement avec d'autres tuiles.One idea at the basis of the invention is to improve the watertightness of tiles laid on low slopes, in particular in areas where other tiles overlap.

Pour cela, l'invention fournit une tuile à structure sensiblement plate selon la revendication 1, notamment destinée à la pose sur une toiture à faible pente.For this, the invention provides a tile with a substantially flat structure according to claim 1, in particular intended for laying on a low-sloped roof.

Grâce à ces caractéristiques, la rainure avec la portion en escalier permet d'améliorer l'étanchéité de la zone de chevauchement latérale avec une tuile adjacente dans la direction transversale. En effet, l'orientation de la contre-marche permet de former un obstacle à la remontée d'eau de pluie dans la rainure qui pourrait être due par exemple à une bourrasque de vent s'infiltrant entre les tuiles.Thanks to these characteristics, the groove with the stepped portion makes it possible to improve the sealing of the lateral overlap zone with an adjacent tile in the transverse direction. Indeed, the orientation of the riser makes it possible to form an obstacle to the rise of rainwater in the groove which could be due for example to a gust of wind infiltrating between the tiles.

Selon des modes de réalisation, une telle tuile peut comporter une ou plusieurs des caractéristiques suivantes.According to embodiments, such a tile may comprise one or more of the following characteristics.

Selon un mode de réalisation, la portion en escalier comprend au moins une marche, l'au moins une marche restant inclinée par rapport à un plan horizontal lorsque la tuile est en service de manière à assurer un écoulement de l'eau de pluie par gravité vers une extrémité inférieure de la tuile.According to one embodiment, the stepped portion comprises at least one step, the at least one step remaining inclined with respect to a horizontal plane when the tile is in service so as to ensure flow of rainwater by gravity towards a lower end of the tile.

Selon un mode de réalisation, la portion en escalier comporte au moins une marche et une contre-marche.According to one embodiment, the stepped portion comprises at least one step and one riser.

Selon un mode de réalisation, la portion en escalier est située dans une partie supérieure de la portion d'emboitement latéral externe, et la portion en escalier comporte au moins deux marches et deux contre-marches, de préférence trois marches et trois contre-marches, au moins une des ou chaque marche restant inclinée par rapport à un plan horizontal lorsque la tuile est en service de manière à assurer un écoulement de l'eau de pluie par gravité vers une extrémité inférieure de la tuile.According to one embodiment, the stepped portion is located in an upper part of the external lateral interlocking portion, and the stepped portion comprises at least two steps and two risers, preferably three steps and three risers , at least one of or each step remaining inclined with respect to a horizontal plane when the tile is in service so as to ensure a flow of rainwater by gravity towards a lower end of the tile.

Selon un mode de réalisation, la portion en escalier s'étend sur la totalité de la dimension de la rainure dans la direction longitudinale.According to one embodiment, the stepped portion extends over the entire dimension of the groove in the longitudinal direction.

Selon l'invention, la portion en escalier s'étend sur la totalité de la dimension de la rainure dans la direction transversale.According to the invention, the stepped portion extends over the entire dimension of the groove in the transverse direction.

Selon un mode de réalisation, la rainure est une première rainure, la portion d'emboitement latéral externe comprend une deuxième rainure s'étendant dans la direction longitudinale parallèlement à la première rainure, la première rainure étant placée entre le pureau et la deuxième rainure.According to one embodiment, the groove is a first groove, the external lateral fitting portion comprises a second groove extending in the longitudinal direction parallel to the first groove, the first groove being placed between the gauge and the second groove.

Selon un mode de réalisation, la portion d'emboitement latéral externe comprend une troisième rainure s'étendant dans la direction longitudinale parallèlement à la première rainure, la deuxième rainure étant située entre la première rainure et la troisième rainure.According to one embodiment, the external lateral interlocking portion comprises a third groove extending in the longitudinal direction parallel to the first groove, the second groove being located between the first groove and the third groove.

Ainsi, l'augmentation du nombre de rainures dans la portion d'emboitement latéral externe permet d'améliorer l'étanchéité de la zone de chevauchement latérale de la tuile en créant une pluralité de canaux d'évacuation de l'eau de pluie.Thus, the increase in the number of grooves in the external lateral interlocking portion makes it possible to improve the sealing of the lateral overlap zone of the tile by creating a plurality of rainwater drainage channels.

Selon un mode de réalisation, une paroi de fond de la deuxième rainure et/ou la troisième rainure comprend une portion escalier s'étendant sur au moins une partie de la dimension de la rainure dans la direction longitudinale.According to one embodiment, a bottom wall of the second groove and/or the third groove comprises a stepped portion extending over at least part of the dimension of the groove in the longitudinal direction.

Selon un mode de réalisation, la dimension de la première rainure dans une direction d'épaisseur est plus faible que la dimension de la deuxième rainure et/ou de la troisième rainure dans la direction d'épaisseur, la direction d'épaisseur étant orthogonale aux directions longitudinale et transversale.According to one embodiment, the dimension of the first groove in a direction of thickness is smaller than the dimension of the second groove and/or of the third groove in the direction of thickness, the direction of thickness being orthogonal to the longitudinal and transverse directions.

Selon un mode de réalisation, le pureau comporte une arête inférieure formant un nez de tuile, la dimension de la deuxième rainure et/ou de la troisième rainure dans une direction d'épaisseur étant décroissante dans la direction longitudinale de la portion d'emboitement supérieur vers le nez de tuile, la direction d'épaisseur étant orthogonale aux directions longitudinale et transversale.According to one embodiment, the gauge comprises a lower edge forming a tile nose, the dimension of the second groove and/or of the third groove in a direction of thickness being decreasing in the longitudinal direction of the upper interlocking portion towards the tile nose, the direction of thickness being orthogonal to the longitudinal and transverse directions.

Selon un mode de réalisation, la portion d'emboitement latéral interne de la tuile comporte un même nombre de nervures que la portion d'emboitement latéral externe comporte de rainures, de sorte que chaque nervure de la portion d'emboitement latéral interne soit destinée à venir se placer dans une rainure de la portion d'emboitement latéral externe d'une tuile adjacente dans la direction transversale.According to one embodiment, the internal lateral interlocking portion of the tile comprises the same number of ribs as the external lateral interlocking portion comprises grooves, so that each rib of the internal lateral interlocking portion is intended to come to rest in a groove of the external lateral interlocking portion of an adjacent tile in the transverse direction.

Selon un mode de réalisation, la surface interne comporte une barrette d'appui formant saillie et s'étendant dans la direction transversale, la barrette d'appui étant configurée pour servir d'appui dans une portion inférieure de la tuile.According to one embodiment, the internal surface comprises a support bar forming a projection and extending in the transverse direction, the support bar being configured to serve as a support in a lower portion of the tile.

Selon un mode de réalisation, la barrette d'appui est située à distance dans la direction longitudinale d'une arête inférieure du pureau formant un nez de tuile.According to one embodiment, the support strip is located at a distance in the longitudinal direction from a lower edge of the gauge forming a tile nose.

Ainsi, la zone située sous la tuile entre l'arête inférieure et la barrette d'appui permet de limiter l'infiltration par capillarité de l'eau de pluie entre les tuiles et de plus joue le rôle de zone de perte de charge pour l'écoulement remontant la tuile en direction de la barrette d'appui.Thus, the zone located under the tile between the lower edge and the support bar makes it possible to limit the infiltration by capillarity of rainwater between the tiles and moreover plays the role of pressure drop zone for the the flow going up the tile in the direction of the support bar.

Selon un mode de réalisation, la distance entre la barrette d'appui et l'arête inférieure du pureau dans la direction longitudinale est compris entre 5 et 30 mm, de préférence est de l'ordre de 10 mm.According to one embodiment, the distance between the support bar and the lower edge of the gauge in the longitudinal direction is between 5 and 30 mm, preferably is of the order of 10 mm.

Selon un mode de réalisation, la barrette d'appui est située dans la continuité d'une arête inférieure du pureau.According to one embodiment, the support bar is located in the continuity of a lower edge of the gauge.

Selon l'invention, le pureau est plan.According to the invention, the gauge is flat.

Selon un mode de réalisation, la surface externe comporte une portion d'ajustement configurée pour permettre un ajustement du chevauchement entre la tuile et la tuile adjacente dans la direction longitudinale, la portion d'ajustement étant située entre la portion d'emboitement supérieur et le pureau, au moins une partie de la portion d'ajustement étant configurée pour être chevauchée par la tuile adjacente dans la direction longitudinale,
et dans laquelle la portion d'ajustement est inclinée dans une direction opposée à la pente de la toiture par rapport au pureau.According to one embodiment, the outer surface comprises an adjustment portion configured to allow adjustment of the overlap between the tile and the adjacent tile in the longitudinal direction, the adjustment portion being located between the upper interlocking portion and the exposure, at least part of the adjustment portion being configured to be overlapped by the adjacent tile in the longitudinal direction,
and in which the adjustment portion is inclined in a direction opposite to the slope of the roof with respect to the exposure.

Grâce à ces caractéristiques, l'inclinaison de la portion d'ajustement permet d'améliorer l'étanchéité de la zone de chevauchement supérieure avec une tuile adjacente dans la direction longitudinale. En effet, la portion d'ajustement est inclinée dans une direction opposée à la pente de sorte que la tuile et la tuile adjacente dans la direction longitudinale présentent une inclinaison différente dans la zone de chevauchement.Thanks to these characteristics, the inclination of the adjustment portion makes it possible to improve the sealing of the upper overlap zone with an adjacent tile in the longitudinal direction. Indeed, the adjustment portion is inclined in a direction opposite to the slope so that the tile and the adjacent tile in the longitudinal direction have a different inclination in the overlap zone.

Cette différence d'inclinaison permet de créer entre ces deux tuiles une zone divergente formant un réservoir plus important. Cette zone formant réservoir permet de collecter l'eau de pluie poussée par le vent qui aura perdu de la vitesse en arrivant dans cette zone.This difference in inclination makes it possible to create between these two tiles a divergent zone forming a larger reservoir. This zone forming a reservoir makes it possible to collect the rainwater pushed by the wind which will have lost speed when arriving in this zone.

De plus, cette différence d'inclinaison permet également de limiter l'infiltration par capillarité entre ces deux tuiles afin d'améliorer l'étanchéité de l'assemblage.In addition, this difference in inclination also makes it possible to limit infiltration by capillarity between these two tiles in order to improve the tightness of the assembly.

Selon un mode de réalisation, la portion d'ajustement est plane de sorte que l'angle entre la portion d'ajustement et le pureau est constant.According to one embodiment, the adjustment portion is flat so that the angle between the adjustment portion and the gauge is constant.

Selon un mode de réalisation la portion d'ajustement est incurvée de sorte que l'angle entre la portion d'ajustement et le pureau est variable.According to one embodiment, the adjustment portion is curved so that the angle between the adjustment portion and the gauge is variable.

Selon un mode de réalisation, l'angle formé entre la portion d'ajustement et le pureau est compris entre 0,5° et 15°, de préférence compris entre 0,5° et 3°.According to one embodiment, the angle formed between the adjustment portion and the exposure is between 0.5° and 15°, preferably between 0.5° and 3°.

Ainsi, la portion d'ajustement est toujours inclinée par rapport à un plan horizontal dans le sens de la pente de la toiture de sorte à entrainer le ruissellement de l'eau de pluie par gravité dès lors que la pression du vent faiblit, vers le bas de la tuile tout en ayant une inclinaison différente du pureau.Thus, the adjustment portion is always inclined with respect to a horizontal plane in the direction of the slope of the roof so as to cause the runoff of rainwater by gravity as soon as the wind pressure weakens, towards the bottom of the tile while having a different inclination from the gauge.

Selon un mode de réalisation, la tuile présente une arête s'étendant dans la direction transversale au niveau de la jonction entre le pureau et la portion d'ajustement.According to one embodiment, the tile has an edge extending in the transverse direction at the junction between the exposure and the adjustment portion.

Ainsi, lors du montage entre la tuile et la tuile adjacente dans la direction longitudinale venant chevauchée la tuile au niveau de la portion d'emboitement supérieure et de la portion d'ajustement, la conception de la jonction permet de faciliter l'assemblage de ces deux tuiles en autorisant des tolérances de fabrication.Thus, during assembly between the tile and the adjacent tile in the longitudinal direction overlapping the tile at the level of the upper interlocking portion and the adjustment portion, the design of the junction facilitates the assembly of these two tiles by allowing manufacturing tolerances.

Selon un mode de réalisation, la jonction entre le pureau et la portion d'ajustement forme une marche s'étendant dans la direction transversaleAccording to one embodiment, the junction between the gauge and the adjustment portion forms a step extending in the transverse direction

Selon un mode de réalisation, la barrette d'appui est configurée pour venir en contact d'une portion d'ajustement d'une tuile adjacente dans la direction longitudinale.According to one embodiment, the support bar is configured to come into contact with an adjustment portion of an adjacent tile in the longitudinal direction.

Selon un mode de réalisation, la surface interne comprend au moins un tenon, de préférence au moins deux, configuré pour former une butée de positionnement, l'au moins un tenon étant destiné à venir en contact avec un liteau de la toiture, et dans laquelle la tuile comprend une arête supérieure, le tenon étant situé au droit de l'arête supérieureAccording to one embodiment, the internal surface comprises at least one stud, preferably at least two, configured to form a positioning abutment, the at least one stud being intended to come into contact with a batten of the roof, and in in which the tile comprises an upper edge, the tenon being located at right angles to the upper edge

Selon un mode de réalisation, la portion d'emboitement supérieur comprend au moins une barrette d'étanchéité, de préférence au moins deux barrettes d'étanchéité, formant saillie et s'étendant dans la direction transversale, l'au moins une barrette d'étanchéité étant configurée pour former un obstacle à la circulation de l'eau, et dans laquelle l'au moins une barrette d'étanchéité est interrompue par un exutoire de barrette configuré pour autoriser la circulation de l'eau.According to one embodiment, the upper interlocking portion comprises at least one sealing strip, preferably at least two sealing strips, forming a projection and extending in the transverse direction, the at least one sealing strip sealing being configured to form an obstacle to the circulation of water, and in which the at least one sealing strip is interrupted by a strip outlet configured to allow the circulation of water.

Ainsi, la ou les barrettes d'étanchéité permettent en complément de l'inclinaison de la portion d'ajustement d'améliorer l'étanchéité de la tuile en formant un obstacle à la progression de l'eau de pluie remontant à l'aide du vent la tuile. De plus, l'exutoire de la barrette d'étanchéité permet de guider l'eau de pluie vers une zone d'évacuation préférentielle.Thus, the sealing bar(s) make it possible, in addition to the inclination of the adjustment portion, to improve the sealing of the tile by forming an obstacle to the progression of rainwater rising using the wind the tile. In addition, the outlet of the sealing bar makes it possible to guide rainwater towards a preferential evacuation zone.

Selon un mode de réalisation, la portion d'emboitement supérieur comprend une zone de rétention entourée d'une pluralité de parois formant saillie, une première paroi de la pluralité de parois étant une des au moins une barrette d'étanchéité, une deuxième paroi de la pluralité de parois étant configurée pour séparer la portion d'emboitement latéral externe de la portion d'emboitement supérieur, et dans laquelle la deuxième paroi comprend un exutoire de zone configuré pour permettre l'écoulement de l'eau de la zone de rétention vers la portion d'emboitement latéral externeAccording to one embodiment, the upper interlocking portion comprises a retention zone surrounded by a plurality of walls forming a projection, a first wall of the plurality of walls being one of the at least one sealing strip, a second wall of the plurality of walls being configured to separate the outer side interlocking portion from the upper interlocking portion, and wherein the second wall includes a zone outlet configured to allow the flow of water from the retention zone to the external lateral interlocking portion

Ainsi, la zone de rétention permet de canaliser l'eau de pluie qui serait passé par l'exutoire de la barrette d'étanchéité afin de l'évacuer vers la portion d'emboitement latéral externe afin d'améliorer l'étanchéité de la tuile en guidant l'eau de pluie vers une zone d'évacuation.Thus, the retention zone makes it possible to channel the rainwater which would have passed through the outlet of the sealing bar in order to evacuate it towards the external lateral interlocking portion in order to improve the sealing of the tile. by guiding rainwater to a drainage area.

Selon un mode de réalisation, la tuile est réalisée en terre cuite, en béton, ou en tout matériau approprié au recouvrement d'une surface d'une construction.According to one embodiment, the tile is made of terracotta, concrete, or any material suitable for covering a surface of a construction.

Selon un mode de réalisation, l'invention fournit une construction de tuiles, dans laquelle la construction comprend une pluralité de tuiles précitées, les tuiles étant disposées dans un plan incliné d'un angle par rapport à un plan horizontal, l'angle définissant une pente de la construction, la portion d'emboitement supérieur d'au moins l'une desdites tuiles étant chevauchée par au moins l'une des tuiles adjacentes dans la direction longitudinale, et la portion d'emboitement latéral d'au moins l'une desdites tuiles étant chevauchée par au moins l'une des tuiles adjacentes dans la direction transversale.According to one embodiment, the invention provides a construction of tiles, in which the construction comprises a plurality of the aforementioned tiles, the tiles being arranged in a plane inclined at an angle with respect to a horizontal plane, the angle defining a slope of the construction, the upper interlocking portion of at least one of said tiles being overlapped by at least one of the adjacent tiles in the longitudinal direction, and the lateral interlocking portion of at least one said tiles being overlapped by at least one of the adjacent tiles in the transverse direction.

Selon un mode de réalisation, la pente est inférieure à 35%, de préférence inférieure à 20%.According to one embodiment, the slope is less than 35%, preferably less than 20%.

Brève description des figuresBrief description of figures

. L'invention sera mieux comprise, et d'autres buts, détails, caractéristiques et avantages de celle-ci apparaîtront plus clairement au cours de la description suivante de plusieurs modes de réalisation particuliers de l'invention, donnés uniquement à titre illustratif et non limitatif, en référence aux dessins annexés.

  • La figure 1 représente une vue en perspective de la surface externe d'une tuile selon un premier mode de réalisation.
  • La figure 2 représente une vue en perspective de la surface interne de la tuile selon le premier mode de réalisation.
  • La figure 3 représente une vue de côté d'une tuile chevauchée par une tuile adjacente dans la direction longitudinale, selon le premier mode de réalisation.
  • La figure 4 représente une vue de côté partielle d'une tuile chevauchée par une tuile adjacente dans la direction longitudinale, selon un deuxième mode de réalisation.
  • La figure 5 représente une vue de dessus d'une tuile chevauchée par une tuile adjacente dans la direction transversale, selon un mode de réalisation.
  • La figure 6 représente une vue en coupe partielle selon la ligne VI-VI de la figure 5.
  • La figure 7 représente une vue en coupe partielle selon la ligne VII-VII de la figure 5.
  • La figure 8 représente une vue en coupe partielle selon la ligne VIII-VIII de la figure 5.
  • La figure 9 représente une vue en perspective de la surface externe d'une tuile selon un troisième mode de réalisation (qui ne fait pas partie de l'invention).
  • La figure 10 représente une vue en perspective de la surface externe d'une tuile selon un quatrième mode de réalisation (qui ne fait pas partie de l'invention).
  • La figure 11 représente une vue en perspective de la surface externe d'une tuile selon un cinquième mode de réalisation (qui ne fait pas partie de l'invention).
. The invention will be better understood, and other aims, details, characteristics and advantages thereof will appear more clearly during the following description of several particular embodiments of the invention, given solely by way of illustration and not limitation. , with reference to the accompanying drawings.
  • The figure 1 shows a perspective view of the outer surface of a tile according to a first embodiment.
  • The figure 2 shows a perspective view of the inner surface of the tile according to the first embodiment.
  • The picture 3 shows a side view of a tile overlapped by an adjacent tile in the longitudinal direction, according to the first embodiment.
  • The figure 4 shows a partial side view of a tile overlapped by an adjacent tile in the longitudinal direction, according to a second embodiment.
  • The figure 5 shows a top view of a tile overlapped by an adjacent tile in the transverse direction, according to one embodiment.
  • The figure 6 represents a partial sectional view along line VI-VI of the figure 5 .
  • The figure 7 represents a partial sectional view along line VII-VII of the figure 5 .
  • The figure 8 represents a partial sectional view along line VIII-VIII of the figure 5 .
  • The figure 9 shows a perspective view of the outer surface of a tile according to a third embodiment (which does not form part of the invention).
  • The figure 10 shows a perspective view of the outer surface of a tile according to a fourth embodiment (which does not form part of the invention).
  • The figure 11 shows a perspective view of the outer surface of a tile according to a fifth embodiment (which does not form part of the invention).

Description des modes de réalisationDescription of embodiments

Dans la description, la direction longitudinale est la direction de la plus grande dimension de la tuile et correspond habituellement à la ligne de plus grande pente de la toiture et la direction transversale correspond à la direction orthogonale à la direction longitudinale de sorte que les directions longitudinale et transversale forment le plan de la toiture.In the description, the longitudinal direction is the direction of the greatest dimension of the tile and usually corresponds to the line of greatest slope of the roof and the transverse direction corresponds to the direction orthogonal to the longitudinal direction so that the longitudinal directions and transverse form the plane of the roof.

Dans la suite, il va être décrit une tuile 1 à structure sensiblement plate destinée à la pose sur une surface de recouvrement à faible pente, notamment une toiture, selon une pluralité de modes de réalisation. La tuile 1 comprend une surface interne 3 destinée à être posée en regard d'une toiture et une surface externe 2 opposée à la surface interne 3.In the following, there will be described a tile 1 with a substantially flat structure intended for laying on a low slope covering surface, in particular a roof, according to a plurality of embodiments. The tile 1 comprises an internal surface 3 intended to be laid facing a roof and an external surface 2 opposite the internal surface 3.

La figure 1 représente une tuile 1 selon un premier mode de réalisation, orientée du côté de la surface externe 2. Comme on peut le voir sur cette figure, la surface externe 2 comprend un pureau 4 sensiblement plan destiné à recevoir directement l'eau de pluie. La surface externe 2 comporte également une portion d'emboitement supérieur 5 située dans le prolongement du pureau 4 dans la direction longitudinale. La portion d'emboitement supérieur 5 est notamment conçue pour être chevauchée par une tuile adjacente dans la direction longitudinale comme représenté sur les figures 3 et 4. De plus, la surface externe 2 comprend une portion d'emboitement latéral externe 6 située au niveau d'une bordure latérale du pureau 4. La portion d'emboitement latéral externe 6 est notamment conçue pour être chevauchée par une tuile adjacente dans la direction transversale comme représenté sur la figure 5.The figure 1 shows a tile 1 according to a first embodiment, oriented towards the outer surface 2. As can be seen in this figure, the outer surface 2 comprises a substantially flat gauge 4 intended to receive rainwater directly. The outer surface 2 also comprises an upper interlocking portion 5 located in the extension of the gauge 4 in the longitudinal direction. The upper interlocking portion 5 is in particular designed to be overlapped by an adjacent tile in the longitudinal direction as shown in the figure 3 and 4 . In addition, the external surface 2 comprises an external lateral interlocking portion 6 located at the level of a lateral edge of the exposure 4. The external lateral interlocking portion 6 is in particular designed to be overlapped by an adjacent tile in the transverse direction. as shown on the figure 5 .

La surface externe 2 comprend également une portion d'ajustement 19 située entre le pureau 4 et la portion d'emboitement supérieur 5. La portion d'ajustement 19 est conçue pour permettre un ajustement du chevauchement entre la tuile et la tuile adjacente dans la direction longitudinale de sorte à obtenir une tuile 1 dite à pureau variable. En effet, au moins une partie de la portion d'ajustement 19 est chevauchée par la tuile adjacente dans la direction longitudinale de façon à ce que cette partie est la même fonction que la portion d'emboitement supérieur 5. De la même façon, une partie de la portion d'ajustement 19 qui n'est pas chevauchée par la tuile adjacente dans la direction longitudinale a la même fonction que le pureau 4. On parle ainsi lorsque la portion d'ajustement 19 est entièrement chevauchée de « pureau minimum » et lorsque la portion d'ajustement 19 est chevauchée au minimum de « pureau maximum ».The outer surface 2 also includes an adjustment portion 19 located between the exposure 4 and the upper interlocking portion 5. The adjustment portion 19 is designed to allow adjustment of the overlap between the tile and the adjacent tile in the direction longitudinal so as to obtain a so-called variable gauge tile 1. Indeed, at least a part of the adjustment portion 19 is overlapped by the adjacent tile in the longitudinal direction so that this part has the same function as the upper interlocking portion 5. Similarly, a part of the adjustment portion 19 which is not overlapped by the adjacent tile in the longitudinal direction has the same function as the exposure 4. This is referred to when the adjustment portion 19 is completely overlapped as "minimum exposure" and when the adjustment portion 19 is overlapped at the minimum of “maximum gauge”.

La portion d'ajustement 19 est inclinée par rapport au pureau 4 dans une direction opposée à la pente de toiture. En effet, le pureau 4, lorsque la tuile 1 est posée sur une toiture, est inclinée d'une valeur également à la pente de la toiture. La portion d'ajustement 19 du fait de son inclinaison par rapport au pureau 4, est inclinée d'une valeur inférieure à celle du pureau 4 par rapport à la pente de la toiture de sorte à former une portion de tuile à pente plus faible. Toutefois, l'inclinaison de la portion d'ajustement 19 est toujours inférieur à la pente de la toiture de sorte à garder sur toute la surface externe 2 de la tuile 1 une inclinaison dans le sens de la pente.The adjustment portion 19 is inclined with respect to the gauge 4 in a direction opposite to the roof slope. Indeed, the gauge 4, when the tile 1 is placed on a roof, is inclined by a value also at the slope of the roof. The adjustment portion 19, due to its inclination with respect to the exposure 4, is inclined by a value less than that of the exposure 4 with respect to the slope of the roof so as to form a tile portion with a lower slope. However, the inclination of the adjustment portion 19 is always less than the slope of the roof so as to maintain over the entire outer surface 2 of the tile 1 an inclination in the direction of the slope.

Sur la figure 1, la jonction entre la portion d'ajustement 19 et le pureau 4 est réalisée par une arête s'étendant dans la direction transversale de sorte à former un dièdre. Dans un mode de réalisation non représenté, la jonction entre la portion d'ajustement 19 et le pureau 4 est réalisée par une marche s'étendant dans la direction transversale.On the figure 1 , the junction between the adjustment portion 19 and the gauge 4 is made by an edge extending in the transverse direction so as to form a dihedral. In an embodiment not shown, the junction between the adjustment portion 19 and the gauge 4 is made by a step extending in the transverse direction.

La portion d'emboitement latéral externe 6 comprend de l'intérieur de la tuile 1 vers l'extérieur, une première rainure 8, une deuxième rainure 9, et une troisième rainure 10. Les rainures 8, 9, 10 sont séparées les unes des autres par une paroi, et s'étendent dans la direction longitudinale. Chaque rainure 8, 9, 10 est conçue pour recevoir une partie de la surface interne 3 d'une tuile adjacente dans la direction transversale.The external lateral interlocking portion 6 comprises, from the inside of the tile 1 outwards, a first groove 8, a second groove 9, and a third groove 10. The grooves 8, 9, 10 are separated from each other. others by a wall, and extend in the longitudinal direction. Each groove 8, 9, 10 is designed to receive part of the inner surface 3 of an adjacent tile in the transverse direction.

Comme visible sur la figure 1, une paroi de fond de la première rainure 8 comprend sur une partie de sa longueur une portion en escalier 14 composée d'une pluralité de marches 15 et de contre-marches 16. Les contre-marches 16 sont orientées de manière à être tournée vers une extrémité longitudinale inférieure de la tuile 1 pour faire obstacle à une remontée d'eau de pluie dans la première rainure 8.As seen on the figure 1 , a bottom wall of the first groove 8 comprises over part of its length a stepped portion 14 composed of a plurality of steps 15 and risers 16. The risers 16 are oriented so as to face towards a lower longitudinal end of the tile 1 to prevent rainwater from rising in the first groove 8.

Dans d'autres modes de réalisation non représentés, la portion en escalier 14 peut s'étendre sur toute la longueur de la première rainure 8. La portion en escalier 14 peut être également prévue dans la deuxième rainure 9 et/ou dans la troisième rainure 10.In other embodiments not shown, the stepped portion 14 may extend over the entire length of the first groove 8. The stepped portion 14 may also be provided in the second groove 9 and/or in the third groove 10.

La portion d'emboitement supérieur 5 comprend une pluralité de barrettes d'étanchéité 22 formant saillies et s'étendant dans la direction transversale. Les barrettes d'étanchéité 22 sont conçues pour former des obstacles à la progression de l'eau de pluie, notamment de l'eau de pluie remontant la tuile 1. La portion d'emboitement supérieur 5 comprend un exutoire de barrette 23 interrompant localement la barrette d'étanchéité 22 directement adjacente à la portion d'ajustement 19 afin de guider l'eau de pluie vers une zone d'évacuation.The upper interlocking portion 5 comprises a plurality of sealing strips 22 forming projections and extending in the transverse direction. The sealing strips 22 are designed to form obstacles to the progression of rainwater, in particular rainwater rising up the tile 1. The upper interlocking portion 5 comprises a strip outlet 23 locally interrupting the sealing bar 22 directly adjacent to adjustment portion 19 in order to guide rainwater towards a drainage area.

La portion d'emboitement supérieur 5 comporte également une zone de rétention 24 formée entre une arête supérieure de la tuile 1 et les barrettes d'étanchéité 22. La zone de rétention 24 est encadrée par une pluralité de parois formant saillie permettant de contenir l'eau de pluie qui arriverait jusqu'à la zone de rétention 24. Une première paroi de la zone de rétention 24 est formée par l'une des barrettes d'étanchéité 22 tandis qu'une deuxième paroi 25 de la zone de rétention 24 est formée par la séparation entre la portion d'emboitement latéral externe 6 et la portion d'emboitement supérieur 5. La deuxième paroi 25 est équipée d'un exutoire de zone 26 interrompant localement la deuxième paroi 25. L'exutoire de zone 26 est conçu pour guider l'eau de pluie de la zone de rétention 24 vers la portion d'emboitement latéral externe 6, à savoir la première rainure 8.The upper interlocking portion 5 also comprises a retention zone 24 formed between an upper edge of the tile 1 and the sealing strips 22. The zone retention zone 24 is framed by a plurality of walls forming a projection making it possible to contain the rainwater which would arrive as far as the retention zone 24. A first wall of the retention zone 24 is formed by one of the bars of sealing 22 while a second wall 25 of the retention zone 24 is formed by the separation between the external lateral interlocking portion 6 and the upper interlocking portion 5. The second wall 25 is equipped with an outlet 26 locally interrupting the second wall 25. The zone outlet 26 is designed to guide rainwater from the retention zone 24 towards the external lateral interlocking portion 6, namely the first groove 8.

La surface externe 2 comprend des orifices de clouage 27 comportant des parois faisant saillie afin que l'intérieur de l'orifice ne soit pas investi par de l'eau de pluie. L'un des orifices 27 est située dans une partie supérieure de la portion d'emboitement latéral externe 6 tandis que l'autre des orifices 27 est situé dans la portion d'emboitement supérieur 5. Les orifices de clouage 27 sont conçus pour accueillir un dispositif de fixation, par exemple un clou, afin de fixer la tuile 1 à un liteau 100 de la toiture 1. Les orifices de clouage 27 sont borgnes, donc réalisées de manière à ne pas être débouchant afin en cas de non clouage dans un orifice 27 de ne pas compromettre l'étanchéité de la tuile.The outer surface 2 comprises nailing holes 27 having projecting walls so that the inside of the hole is not invaded by rainwater. One of the holes 27 is located in an upper part of the external lateral interlocking portion 6 while the other of the holes 27 is located in the upper interlocking portion 5. The nailing holes 27 are designed to accommodate a fixing device, for example a nail, in order to fix the tile 1 to a batten 100 of the roof 1. The nailing holes 27 are blind, therefore made in such a way as not to emerge so that in the event of non-nailing in a hole 27 not to compromise the sealing of the tile.

La figure 2 représente une tuile 1 selon le premier mode de réalisation, orientée du côté de la surface interne 3. Comme on peut le voir sur cette figure, la surface interne 3 comporte une barrette d'appui 17 formant saillie et s'étendant dans la direction transversale. La barrette d'appui 17 est conçue pour former l'appui dans une portion inférieure de la tuile 1 sur une tuile adjacente dans la direction longitudinale.The picture 2 represents a tile 1 according to the first embodiment, oriented on the side of the internal surface 3. As can be seen in this figure, the internal surface 3 comprises a support bar 17 forming a projection and extending in the transverse direction . The backing bar 17 is designed to form the support in a lower portion of the tile 1 on an adjacent tile in the longitudinal direction.

La surface interne 3 comprend deux tenons 20 formant saillie situés au droit de l'arête supérieure 21 de la tuile 1. Les tenons 20 sont conçus pour positionner la tuile 1 sur un liteau 100 d'une toiture. En effet, le tenon 20 comprend une paroi qui vient en contact avec une paroi du liteau 100 alors qu'une partie de la surface interne 3 de la tuile 1 vient en contact avec une autre paroi du liteau 100 ce qui permet de bloquer la translation de la tuile dans la direction longitudinale et forme également un point d'appui de la tuile 1 sur la toiture. Les orifices de clouage 27 sont situés dans l'alignement avec un tenon 20 dans la direction longitudinale. En effet, afin d'assurer que le clouage de la tuile se fasse bien dans le liteau 100, l'orifice de clouage est placé à une distance du tenon 20 inférieure à la largeur du liteau 100. Le placement du tenon 20 au droit de l'arête supérieure 21 de la tuile 1 permet de remonter sur la tuile au maximum l'orifice de clouage et ainsi diminuer la dimension dans la direction longitudinale de la portion d'emboitement supérieur 5.The internal surface 3 comprises two studs 20 forming a projection located in line with the upper edge 21 of the tile 1. The studs 20 are designed to position the tile 1 on a batten 100 of a roof. Indeed, the tenon 20 comprises a wall which comes into contact with a wall of the batten 100 while a part of the internal surface 3 of the tile 1 comes into contact with another wall of the batten 100 which makes it possible to block the translation of the tile in the longitudinal direction and also forms a point of support for the tile 1 on the roof. The nail holes 27 are located in alignment with a tenon 20 in the longitudinal direction. Indeed, in order to ensure that the nailing of the tile is done well in the batten 100, the nailing hole is placed at a distance from the tenon 20 less than the width of the batten 100. The placement of the tenon 20 to the right of the upper edge 21 of the tile 1 makes it possible to raise the nailing hole to the maximum on the tile and thus reduce the dimension in the longitudinal direction of the upper interlocking portion 5.

La surface interne 3 comporte également une portion d'emboitement latéral interne 7 notamment conçue pour chevaucher une tuile adjacente dans la direction transversale. La portion d'emboitement latéral interne 7 comprend de l'intérieur vers l'extérieur de la tuile 1, une première nervure 11, une deuxième nervure 12 et une troisième nervure 13. En effet, la portion d'emboitement latéral interne 7 comprend un même nombre de nervures 11, 12, 13 que la portion d'emboitement latéral externe comporte de rainures 8, 9, 10. Cela permet lorsqu'une tuile 1 recouvre par chevauchement la portion d'emboitement latéral externe 6 d'une tuile adjacente dans la direction transversale, comme visible sur la figure 5, que chaque nervure 11, 12, 13 soit logée dans une rainure 8, 9, 10 de la portion d'emboitement latéral externe 6. On parle ainsi d'une tuile à emboitement latéral triple.The internal surface 3 also comprises an internal lateral interlocking portion 7 in particular designed to overlap an adjacent tile in the transverse direction. The internal lateral interlocking portion 7 comprises, from the inside towards the outside of the tile 1, a first rib 11, a second rib 12 and a third rib 13. Indeed, the internal lateral interlocking portion 7 comprises a same number of ribs 11, 12, 13 that the outer lateral interlocking portion has grooves 8, 9, 10. This allows when a tile 1 overlaps the outer lateral interlocking portion 6 of an adjacent tile in the transverse direction, as seen on the figure 5 , that each rib 11, 12, 13 is housed in a groove 8, 9, 10 of the external lateral interlocking portion 6. One thus speaks of a tile with triple lateral interlocking.

L'ensemble formée par une nervure 11, 12, 13 et une rainure 8, 9, 10 forme ainsi un canal d'évacuation d'eau dans la direction longitudinale avec une barrière d'étanchéité séparant chacun des canaux d'évacuation d'eau ainsi formés, la barrière d'étanchéité étant formée par le contact entre une paroi d'une nervure 11, 12, 13 et une paroi d'une rainure 8, 9, 10.The assembly formed by a rib 11, 12, 13 and a groove 8, 9, 10 thus forms a water evacuation channel in the longitudinal direction with a sealing barrier separating each of the water evacuation channels thus formed, the sealing barrier being formed by the contact between a wall of a rib 11, 12, 13 and a wall of a groove 8, 9, 10.

Les figures 3 et 4 représentent deux modes de réalisation de la tuile 1 illustrée lors du chevauchement avec une tuile adjacente dans la direction longitudinale. Comme on peut le voir sur ces figures, les tenons 20 viennent en butée contre un liteau 100 afin de positionner la tuile 1 sur la toiture. De plus, la barrette d'appui 17 vient se placer dans la portion d'ajustement 19 de la tuile adjacente dans la direction longitudinale. Le pureau maximum est donc atteint lorsque la barrette d'appui 17 est placée contre la barrette d'étanchéité 22 directement adjacente à la portion d'ajustement 19 tandis que le pureau minimum est atteint lorsque la barrette d'appui 17 est placée à la limite de la portion d'ajustement 19 au niveau de la jonction avec le pureau 4.The figure 3 and 4 show two embodiments of the illustrated tile 1 when overlapping with an adjacent tile in the longitudinal direction. As can be seen in these figures, the tenons 20 come into abutment against a batten 100 in order to position the tile 1 on the roof. In addition, the support strip 17 is placed in the adjustment portion 19 of the adjacent tile in the longitudinal direction. The maximum gauge is therefore reached when the support bar 17 is placed against the sealing bar 22 directly adjacent to the adjustment portion 19 while the minimum gauge is reached when the support bar 17 is placed at the limit of the adjustment portion 19 at the level of the junction with the gauge 4.

La différence entre le premier mode de réalisation illustré à la figure 3 et le deuxième mode de réalisation illustré à la figure 4 se situe au niveau de la dimension 28 dans la direction longitudinale entre la barrette d'appui 17 et l'arête inférieure 18 du pureau 4. En effet dans le premier mode de réalisation des figures 1 à 3, la barrette d'appui 17 est située à distance de l'arête inférieure 18 dans la direction longitudinale, par exemple compris entre 5 et 30 mm, de sorte que la barrette d'appui 17 se situe plus à l'intérieur de la surface interne 3 de la tuile 1. Alors que dans le deuxième mode de réalisation de la figure 4, la barrette d'appui 17 est située dans la continuité de l'arête inférieure 18 du pureau 4 de sorte que la dimension dans la direction longitudinale entre ces deux éléments est nulle.The difference between the first embodiment shown in picture 3 and the second embodiment illustrated in figure 4 is located at the dimension 28 in the longitudinal direction between the support bar 17 and the lower edge 18 of the gauge 4. Indeed in the first embodiment of the figures 1 to 3 , the support bar 17 is located at a distance from the lower edge 18 in the longitudinal direction, for example between 5 and 30 mm, so that the support bar 17 is located more inside the surface internal 3 of tile 1. Whereas in the second embodiment of the figure 4 , the support bar 17 is located in the continuity of the lower edge 18 of the gauge 4 so that the dimension in the longitudinal direction between these two elements is zero.

Les figures 5 à 7 représentent une tuile 1 qui est chevauchée par une tuile adjacente dans la direction transversale. En effet, comme on peut le voir sur la figure 5, la portion d'emboitement latéral externe 6 de la tuile 1 se retrouve emboiter avec la portion d'emboitement latéral interne 7 de la tuile adjacente dans la direction transversale. La portion d'emboitement latéral externe 6 et la portion d'emboitement latéral interne 7The figures 5 to 7 represent a tile 1 which is overlapped by an adjacent tile in the transverse direction. Indeed, as can be seen in the figure 5 , the external lateral interlocking portion 6 of the tile 1 is found interlocking with the portion internal lateral interlocking 7 of the adjacent tile in the transverse direction. The external lateral interlocking portion 6 and the internal lateral interlocking portion 7

Les figures 6 et 7 illustrent notamment l'emboitement latéral d'une tuile 1 avec une tuile adjacente dans la direction transversale, à l'aide de deux coupes dans la direction transversale de l'emboitement à deux niveaux différents. En effet, la figure 6 illustre l'emboitement latéral dans une portion inférieure des tuiles 1 tandis que la figure 7 illustre l'emboitement latéral dans une portion supérieure des tuiles 1.The figures 6 and 7 illustrate in particular the lateral interlocking of a tile 1 with an adjacent tile in the transverse direction, using two sections in the transverse direction of the interlocking at two different levels. Indeed, the figure 6 illustrates the lateral interlocking in a lower portion of the tiles 1 while the figure 7 illustrates the lateral interlocking in an upper portion of the tiles 1.

On peut ainsi observer sur les figures 6 et 7 que la troisième nervure 13 a une épaisseur décroissante dans la direction longitudinale et dans le sens de la pente et que de la même manière la troisième rainure 10 a une profondeur décroissante dans la direction longitudinale afin que l'épaisseur de la troisième nervure 13 soit adaptée à la profondeur de la troisième rainure 10.One can thus observe on the figures 6 and 7 that the third rib 13 has a decreasing thickness in the longitudinal direction and in the direction of the slope and that in the same way the third groove 10 has a decreasing depth in the longitudinal direction so that the thickness of the third rib 13 is adapted to the depth of the third groove 10.

La deuxième rainure 9 possède également une profondeur décroissante dans la direction longitudinale et dans le sens de pente. Toutefois, la deuxième nervure 12 a quant à elle une épaisseur constante dans la direction longitudinale. En effet, la deuxième nervure 12 a dans le mode de réalisation représenté une forme particulière permettant d'assurer qu'une paroi de la deuxième nervure 12 soit toujours en contact avec une paroi de la deuxième rainure 9 au moins le long d'une ligne de contact. La deuxième nervure 12 comporte donc pour se faire des parois inclinées par rapport aux parois de la deuxième rainure 10. Lors de l'emboitement latéral des tuiles 1, une paroi de la troisième nervure 13 est plaquée contre une paroi de la troisième rainure 10 de sorte à limiter l'écoulement de l'eau de pluie de la deuxième rainure 9 vers la troisième rainure 10. Les parois inclinées de la deuxième nervure 12 permettent de limiter également l'écoulement de l'eau de pluie de la première rainure 8 vers la deuxième rainure 9 en garantissant un contact avec une paroi de la deuxième rainure 9 tout en s'affranchissant des tolérances de fabrication qui pourraient dans le cas de parois non inclinées induire un écart entre les deux parois.The second groove 9 also has a decreasing depth in the longitudinal direction and in the slope direction. However, the second rib 12 itself has a constant thickness in the longitudinal direction. Indeed, the second rib 12 has in the embodiment represented a particular shape making it possible to ensure that a wall of the second rib 12 is always in contact with a wall of the second groove 9 at least along a line of contact. The second rib 12 therefore comprises, to make walls inclined with respect to the walls of the second groove 10. During the lateral interlocking of the tiles 1, a wall of the third rib 13 is pressed against a wall of the third groove 10 of so as to limit the flow of rainwater from the second groove 9 towards the third groove 10. The inclined walls of the second rib 12 also make it possible to limit the flow of rainwater from the first groove 8 towards the second groove 9 by guaranteeing contact with a wall of the second groove 9 while overcoming manufacturing tolerances which could, in the case of non-inclined walls, induce a gap between the two walls.

La figure 8 illustre une vue en coupe de la première rainure 8 et notamment de la portion en escalier 14 de la première rainure 8. Dans le mode de réalisation illustré sur cette figure, la portion en escalier 14 est située dans une partie supérieure de la portion d'emboitement latéral externe 6 et est composée de trois marches et de trois contre-marches. Comme précisé précédemment, les trois contre-marches forment un obstacle à la remontée d'eau de pluie dans la première rainure 8, donc trois obstacles successifs dans la direction longitudinale. Les trois marches sont quant à elle inclinées par rapport à un plan horizontal dans le même sens que la pente de la toiture de sorte à assurer l'écoulement de l'eau de pluie par gravité vers une extrémité inférieure de la tuile 1.The figure 8 illustrates a sectional view of the first groove 8 and in particular of the stepped portion 14 of the first groove 8. In the embodiment illustrated in this figure, the stepped portion 14 is located in an upper part of the portion of external lateral interlocking 6 and is composed of three steps and three risers. As specified above, the three risers form an obstacle to the rise of rainwater in the first groove 8, therefore three successive obstacles in the longitudinal direction. The three steps are inclined with respect to a horizontal plane in the same direction as the slope of the roof so as to ensure the flow of rainwater by gravity towards a lower end of the tile 1.

Les figures 9 à 11 correspondent à trois autres modes de réalisation (qui ne font pas partie de l'invention) dans lesquels le pureau 4 a été modifié afin de comprendre une portion creusée 29, les autres éléments restants donc identiques au premier ou au deuxième mode de réalisation. Le troisième mode de réalisation de la figure 9, le quatrième mode de réalisation de la figure 10 et le cinquième mode de réalisation de la figure 11 se distinguent par différentes formes de la portion creusée 29. La portion creusée 29 est toutefois dans l'ensemble de ces modes de réalisation une surface sensiblement plane située en-dessous dans la direction d'épaisseur de la surface formant le pureau 4 et située dans une portion inférieure de la surface externe 2 dans la direction longitudinale. Ainsi, l'écoulement de l'eau de pluie est facilité et est dirigé notamment du pureau 4 vers la portion creusée 29.The figures 9 to 11 correspond to three other embodiments (which do not form part of the invention) in which the gauge 4 has been modified in order to include a hollow portion 29, the other elements therefore remaining identical to the first or second embodiment. The third embodiment of the figure 9 , the fourth embodiment of the figure 10 and the fifth embodiment of the figure 11 are distinguished by different shapes of the recessed portion 29. The recessed portion 29 is however in all of these embodiments a substantially flat surface located below in the direction of thickness of the surface forming the exposure 4 and located in a lower portion of the outer surface 2 in the longitudinal direction. Thus, the flow of rainwater is facilitated and is directed in particular from the gauge 4 towards the dug portion 29.

Dans les figures 9 et 10, la jonction entre la portion creusée 29 et le pureau 4 est formée par une marche tandis que dans la figure 11, la jonction entre la portion creusée 29 et la pureau 4 se fait progressivement à l'aide de parois inclinées. De plus, dans la figure 9, la portion creusée 29 est située principalement dans une portion inférieure du pureau 4 à proximité la portion d'emboitement latéral externe 6. Dans les figures 10 et 11, la portion creusée 29 est centrée dans une portion inférieure du pureau 4.In the figure 9 and 10 , the junction between the dug portion 29 and the exposure 4 is formed by a step while in the figure 11 , the junction between the indented portion 29 and the exposure 4 is done gradually using inclined walls. Moreover, in the figure 9 , the recessed portion 29 is located mainly in a lower portion of the gauge 4 close to the external lateral interlocking portion 6. In the figures 10 and 11 , the hollow portion 29 is centered in a lower portion of the exposure 4.

Bien que l'invention ait été décrite en liaison avec plusieurs modes de réalisation particuliers, il est bien évident qu'elle n'y est nullement limitée et qu'elle comprend tous les équivalents techniques des moyens décrits ainsi que leurs combinaisons si celles-ci entrent dans le cadre de l'invention définie par les revendications.Although the invention has been described in connection with several particular embodiments, it is obvious that it is in no way limited thereto and that it includes all the technical equivalents of the means described as well as their combinations if these fall within the scope of the invention defined by the claims.

L'usage du verbe « comporter », « comprendre » ou « inclure » et de ses formes conjuguées n'exclut pas la présence d'autres éléments ou d'autres étapes que ceux énoncés dans une revendication.The use of the verb "to comprise", "to understand" or "to include" and of its conjugated forms does not exclude the presence of other elements or other steps than those set out in a claim.

Dans les revendications, tout signe de référence entre parenthèses ne saurait être interprété comme une limitation de la revendication.In the claims, any reference sign in parentheses cannot be interpreted as a limitation of the claim.

Claims (15)

  1. Tile (1) with a substantially flat structure, notably intended for laying on a shallowly sloped roof, comprising an inner surface (3) intended to be laid facing a roof having a slope and an outer surface (2) opposite to the inner surface (3),
    the outer surface (2) having:
    - a planar gauge (4) intended to directly receive the rainwater,
    - an upper interlocking portion (5) located in the continuation of the gauge (4) in a longitudinal direction corresponding to the line of steepest slope of the roof, the upper interlocking portion (5) being configured to be overlapped by an adjacent tile in the longitudinal direction,
    - an outer lateral interlocking portion (6) located at a lateral rim of the gauge (4), the outer lateral interlocking portion (6) being configured to be overlapped by an adjacent tile in a transverse direction of the roof, the transverse direction being orthogonal to the longitudinal direction,
    wherein the inner surface (3) has an inner lateral interlocking portion (7) comprising at least one rib (11, 12, 13) extending in the longitudinal direction,
    and wherein the outer lateral interlocking portion (6) comprises at least one groove (8, 9, 10) extending in the longitudinal direction, the at least one groove (8, 9, 10) being configured to receive one of the at least one rib (11, 12, 13) of the inner lateral interlocking portion (7) of an adjacent tile in the transverse direction, a bottom wall of the at least one groove (8, 9, 10) comprising a staircase-shaped portion (14) extending over at least part of the dimension of the groove (8, 9, 10) in the longitudinal direction and over the entire dimension of the groove (8, 9, 10) in the transverse direction, the staircase-shaped portion (14) having at least one surface of a riser (16) facing a lower longitudinal end of the tile to act as an obstacle to rainwater rising in the groove (8, 9, 10).
  2. Tile (1) according to Claim 1, wherein the staircase-shaped portion (14) is located in an upper part of the outer lateral interlocking portion (6), and the staircase-shaped portion (14) has at least two steps (15) and two risers (16), preferably three steps (15) and three risers (16), each step (15) remaining inclined with respect to a horizontal plane when the tile is in service so as to ensure rainwater flows off by gravity towards a lower end of the tile (1).
  3. Tile (1) according to Claim 1 or Claim 2, wherein the groove (8) is a first groove (8), the outer lateral interlocking portion (6) comprises a second groove (9) extending in the longitudinal direction parallel to the first groove (8), the first groove (8) being positioned between the gauge (4) and the second groove (9).
  4. Tile (1) according to Claim 3, wherein the outer lateral interlocking portion (6) comprises a third groove (10) extending in the longitudinal direction parallel to the first groove (8), the second groove (9) being located between the first groove (8) and the third groove (10).
  5. Tile (1) according to Claim 3 or Claim 4, wherein the dimension of the first groove (8) in a thickness direction is smaller than the dimension of the second groove (9) in the thickness direction, the thickness direction being orthogonal to the longitudinal and transverse directions.
  6. Tile (1) according to one of Claims 3 to 5, wherein the gauge (4) has a lower edge corner (18) forming a tile nib, the dimension of the second groove (9) in a thickness direction decreasing in the longitudinal direction from the upper interlocking part (5) to the tile nib, the thickness direction being orthogonal to the longitudinal and transverse directions.
  7. Tile (1) according to one of Claims 1 to 6, wherein the inner lateral interlocking portion (7) of the tile has the same number of ribs as the outer lateral interlocking portion (6) has grooves, such that each rib (11, 12, 13) of the inner lateral interlocking portion (7) is intended to be positioned in a groove (8, 9, 10) of the outer lateral interlocking portion (6) of an adjacent tile in the transverse direction.
  8. Tile (1) according to one of Claims 1 to 7, wherein the inner surface (3) has a supporting bar (17) protruding and extending in the transverse direction, the supporting bar (17) being configured to serve as a support in a lower portion of the tile (1).
  9. Tile (1) according to Claim 8, wherein the supporting bar (17) is located at a distance in the longitudinal direction from a lower edge corner (18) of the gauge (4) forming a tile nib.
  10. Tile (1) according to one of Claims 1 to 9, wherein the outer surface (2) has an adjustment portion (19) configured to allow adjustment of the overlap between the tile (1) and the adjacent tile in the longitudinal direction, the adjustment portion (19) being located between the upper interlocking portion (5) and the gauge (4), at least part of the adjustment portion (19) being configured to be overlapped by the adjacent tile in the longitudinal direction, and wherein the adjustment portion (19) is inclined in a direction opposite to the slope of the roof with respect to the gauge (4).
  11. Tile (1) according to one of Claims 1 to 10, wherein the inner surface (3) comprises at least one tenon (20) configured to form a positioning stop, the at least one tenon (20) being intended to come into contact with a batten (100) of the roof, and wherein the roof (1) comprises an upper edge corner (21), the tenon (20) being located in line with the upper edge corner (21).
  12. Tile (1) according to one of Claims 1 to 11, wherein the upper interlocking portion (5) comprises at least one sealing bar (22) protruding and extending in the transverse direction, the at least one sealing bar (22) being configured to form an obstacle to the rising of rainwater, and wherein the at least one sealing bar (22) is interrupted by a bar outfall (23) configured to permit the passage of rainwater.
  13. Tile according to Claim 12, wherein the upper interlocking portion (5) comprises a retention area (24) surrounded by a plurality of protruding walls, a first wall of the plurality of walls being one of the at least one sealing bar (22), a second wall (25) of the plurality of walls being configured to separate the outer lateral interlocking portion (6) from the upper interlocking portion (5), and wherein the second wall (25) comprises an area outfall (26) configured to allow water to flow from the retention area (24) to the outer lateral interlocking portion (6).
  14. Tile structure, wherein the structure comprises a plurality of tiles (1) according to one of the preceding claims, the tiles (1) being disposed in a plane inclined at an angle with respect to a horizontal plane, the angle defining a slope of the structure, the upper interlocking portion (5) of at least one of said tiles being overlapped by at least one of the adjacent tiles in the longitudinal direction, and the lateral interlocking portion of at least one of said tiles being overlapped by at least one of the adjacent tiles in the transverse direction.
  15. Structure according to Claim 14, wherein the slope is less than 35%, preferably less than 20%.
EP20707509.4A 2019-02-05 2020-02-03 Tile having a substantially flat structure Active EP3921487B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR1901140A FR3092352B1 (en) 2019-02-05 2019-02-05 Tile with a substantially flat structure
PCT/FR2020/050174 WO2020161424A1 (en) 2019-02-05 2020-02-03 Tile having a substantially flat structure

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP3921487A1 EP3921487A1 (en) 2021-12-15
EP3921487B1 true EP3921487B1 (en) 2022-09-28

Family

ID=67107726

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EP20707509.4A Active EP3921487B1 (en) 2019-02-05 2020-02-03 Tile having a substantially flat structure

Country Status (6)

Country Link
EP (1) EP3921487B1 (en)
ES (1) ES2930021T3 (en)
FR (1) FR3092352B1 (en)
HU (1) HUE060516T2 (en)
PL (1) PL3921487T3 (en)
WO (1) WO2020161424A1 (en)

Citations (21)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR850624A (en) 1939-02-20 1939-12-21 Advanced Interlocking Tile
FR1369567A (en) 1963-07-05 1964-08-14 Interlocking roof tile
DE1434134A1 (en) 1959-10-01 1968-10-31 Jacques Bisch Pan bricks with double fold
FR2277954A1 (en) 1974-07-10 1976-02-06 Guerin Barthelemy Interlocking roofing tile simulating small tiles - has width of two small tiles, with end locking formations and side gutter
DE2626618A1 (en) 1976-06-14 1977-12-15 Erlus Baustoffwerke Square folded interlocking roof tile - has narrow corner cutout and steps for overlapping second adjacent tile
DE3025813A1 (en) 1980-07-08 1982-02-04 Michael Christian 8013 Haar Ludowici Interlocking combined convex and concave roof tile - has bottom side rebate corner cut-out providing horizontal head dividing joint
EP0175500A2 (en) 1984-09-12 1986-03-26 Redland Roof Tiles Limited Improvements in roof tiles
FR2592082A1 (en) 1985-12-24 1987-06-26 Ansault Pierre Tile for roof covering or other similar uses
FR2612227A1 (en) 1987-03-13 1988-09-16 Pehl Martin ROOF TAB TILE
EP0303993A1 (en) 1987-08-18 1989-02-22 Michael Christian Ludowici Longitudinally displaceable flat-roof tile
JPH02266051A (en) 1989-04-06 1990-10-30 Takenaka Komuten Co Ltd Construction material
EP0432783A1 (en) 1989-12-15 1991-06-19 Michael Christian Ludowici Longitudinally adjustable roof tile
JPH10299178A (en) 1997-04-25 1998-11-10 Matsushita Electric Works Ltd Roofing tile and fixing structure therefor
BE1010828A6 (en) 1996-12-30 1999-02-02 Dominique Smeets Tile
FR2800406A3 (en) 1999-10-27 2001-05-04 Ceramicas Borja S A Roof drain for building roof with mixed tiles has planar base with tapered end forming floor of gutter
WO2002095160A1 (en) 2001-05-21 2002-11-28 Josef Meindl Gmbh & Co.Dorfen Roof tile, especially a clay roof tile
EP2045411A2 (en) 2007-10-03 2009-04-08 Industrie Cotto Possagno S.p.A. Tile, particularly for providing roofings
EP2236689A1 (en) 2009-03-27 2010-10-06 Wienerberger Accessory tile of the last row
US20150354229A1 (en) 2014-06-05 2015-12-10 Tapco International Corporation Multi-tile roofing or siding system
FR3049972A1 (en) 2016-04-12 2017-10-13 Wienerberger TILE FOR FLOW OF WATER
JP2019112899A (en) 2017-12-26 2019-07-11 株式会社鶴弥 Plain tile

Patent Citations (21)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR850624A (en) 1939-02-20 1939-12-21 Advanced Interlocking Tile
DE1434134A1 (en) 1959-10-01 1968-10-31 Jacques Bisch Pan bricks with double fold
FR1369567A (en) 1963-07-05 1964-08-14 Interlocking roof tile
FR2277954A1 (en) 1974-07-10 1976-02-06 Guerin Barthelemy Interlocking roofing tile simulating small tiles - has width of two small tiles, with end locking formations and side gutter
DE2626618A1 (en) 1976-06-14 1977-12-15 Erlus Baustoffwerke Square folded interlocking roof tile - has narrow corner cutout and steps for overlapping second adjacent tile
DE3025813A1 (en) 1980-07-08 1982-02-04 Michael Christian 8013 Haar Ludowici Interlocking combined convex and concave roof tile - has bottom side rebate corner cut-out providing horizontal head dividing joint
EP0175500A2 (en) 1984-09-12 1986-03-26 Redland Roof Tiles Limited Improvements in roof tiles
FR2592082A1 (en) 1985-12-24 1987-06-26 Ansault Pierre Tile for roof covering or other similar uses
FR2612227A1 (en) 1987-03-13 1988-09-16 Pehl Martin ROOF TAB TILE
EP0303993A1 (en) 1987-08-18 1989-02-22 Michael Christian Ludowici Longitudinally displaceable flat-roof tile
JPH02266051A (en) 1989-04-06 1990-10-30 Takenaka Komuten Co Ltd Construction material
EP0432783A1 (en) 1989-12-15 1991-06-19 Michael Christian Ludowici Longitudinally adjustable roof tile
BE1010828A6 (en) 1996-12-30 1999-02-02 Dominique Smeets Tile
JPH10299178A (en) 1997-04-25 1998-11-10 Matsushita Electric Works Ltd Roofing tile and fixing structure therefor
FR2800406A3 (en) 1999-10-27 2001-05-04 Ceramicas Borja S A Roof drain for building roof with mixed tiles has planar base with tapered end forming floor of gutter
WO2002095160A1 (en) 2001-05-21 2002-11-28 Josef Meindl Gmbh & Co.Dorfen Roof tile, especially a clay roof tile
EP2045411A2 (en) 2007-10-03 2009-04-08 Industrie Cotto Possagno S.p.A. Tile, particularly for providing roofings
EP2236689A1 (en) 2009-03-27 2010-10-06 Wienerberger Accessory tile of the last row
US20150354229A1 (en) 2014-06-05 2015-12-10 Tapco International Corporation Multi-tile roofing or siding system
FR3049972A1 (en) 2016-04-12 2017-10-13 Wienerberger TILE FOR FLOW OF WATER
JP2019112899A (en) 2017-12-26 2019-07-11 株式会社鶴弥 Plain tile

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Title
ANONYMOUS: "ERLUS design awards", ERLUS AG, 1 January 2022 (2022-01-01), XP093127108, Retrieved from the Internet <URL:https://www.erlus.com/en/ERLUS-Designpreise> [retrieved on 20240205]

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR3092352B1 (en) 2021-05-07
HUE060516T2 (en) 2023-03-28
ES2930021T3 (en) 2022-12-05
PL3921487T3 (en) 2023-02-27
FR3092352A1 (en) 2020-08-07
WO2020161424A1 (en) 2020-08-13
EP3921487A1 (en) 2021-12-15

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