FR3056170A1 - TAIL TO BE INSTALLED ON A VEHICLE IN A MANNER TO BE ABLE TO PIVOTE AROUND A TRANSVERSE AXIS OF THE VEHICLE - Google Patents

Abstract

This tailgate (8) is of the type intended to be installed on a motor vehicle so as to be able to pivot about a transverse axis (y) of the vehicle between a closed vertical position and an open vertical position, said tailgate (8) having a panel (10) which includes an inner surface (20) and an outer surface (19), the panel (10) being provided with a cavity (22, 24, 26) proximal to the outer surface (19) , said tailgate (8) further comprising a rear member (28, 30, 32) located in the cavity (22, 24, 26). The cavity (22, 24, 26) extends from the outer surface (19) to the inner surface (20), the rear member (28, 30, 32) being pivotable relative to the panel (10) to to point in a rearward direction relative to the vehicle, both when the tailgate (8) is in its closed position than when it is in its open position.

Description

© Publication number: 3,056,170 (only to be used for reproduction orders) © National registration number: 16 58739 ® FRENCH REPUBLIC

NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF INDUSTRIAL PROPERTY

COURBEVOIE © Int Cl ⁸ : B 60 R 13/10 (2017.01), B 62 D 25/10

A1 PATENT APPLICATION

©) Date of filing: 19.09.16. (© Applicant (s): RENAULT S.A.S Joint-stock company (© Priority: simplified - FR. @ Inventor (s): JAYAPANDIYAN RAJA. ®) Date of public availability of the request: 23.03.18 Bulletin 18/12. ©) List of documents cited in the report preliminary research: Refer to end of present booklet (© References to other national documents (73) Holder (s): RENAULT S.A.S Société par actions sim- related: folded. ©) Extension request (s): © Agent (s): RENAULT SAS.

TAILGATE INTENDED TO BE INSTALLED ON A VEHICLE SO AS TO BE ABLE TO SWITCH AROUND A TRANSVERSE AXIS OF THE VEHICLE.

FR 3 056 170 - A1

CfJ This tailgate (8) is of the type intended to be installed on a motor vehicle so as to be able to pivot about a transverse axis (y) of the vehicle between a closed vertical position and an open vertical position, said tailgate (8 ) comprising a panel (10) which comprises an interior surface (20) and an exterior surface (19), the panel (10) being provided with a cavity (22, 24, 26) proximal to the exterior surface (19 ), said tailgate (8) further comprising a rear element (28,30, 32) located in the cavity (22, 24, 26).

The cavity (22, 24, 26) extends from the outer surface (19) to the inner surface (20), the rear element (28, 30, 32) being able to pivot relative to the panel (10) so to point in a rear direction relative to the vehicle, both when the tailgate (8) is in its closed position and when it is in its open position.

Tailgate intended to be installed on a vehicle so as to be able to pivot about a transverse axis of the vehicle

The present invention relates to motor vehicles equipped with a tailgate capable of pivoting about a transverse axis of the vehicle between a closed vertical position and an open vertical position.

In these vehicles, the tailgate may include rear elements which are attached to one of its sides. For example, the rear components may be intended to provide better safety, such as taillights, or they may be required in some countries, such as a license plate. In this example, to make the taillights and license plate visible from outside the vehicle and from other vehicles, they are usually attached to a surface of the tailgate that faces outward from the vehicle. The rear lights and the license plate are fixed in such a way that their bright side and the printed side are facing the outside of the vehicle. For this purpose, the rear lights are fixed in such a way that the luminous sides externally delimit the rear lights in the longitudinal direction relative to the vehicle. Similarly, the printed surface outwardly delimits the license plate perpendicular to a longitudinal direction relative to the vehicle.

When we rotate the tailgate around the transverse axis to put it in its open vertical position, we rotate it around an angle which is almost 180 °. As a result, a tailgate surface which is outside relative to the vehicle in the closed position is located inside relative to the vehicle in the open position. So in the example above, the license plate and the rear lights are no longer visible from outside the vehicle. This type of disadvantage can be particularly disadvantageous in a considerable number of situations, for example when the vehicle is stopped on the side of the road to unload objects or when the vehicle rolls with a bulky load which obliges the tailgate to remain in its open position.

Reference may be made to document EP 1 400 412 which describes a license plate support for a tailgate which is intended to perform a rotational movement. However, such a system is intended to be associated with a tailgate which pivots between a closed vertical position and an open horizontal position and cannot be adapted to tailboards which pivot between a closed vertical position and an open horizontal position.

In view of the above, the invention is intended to provide a tailgate in which the rear element is visible from the outside of the vehicle, both when the tailgate is in its closed vertical position and when it is in its position vertical open.

To this end, there is provided a tailgate of the type intended to be installed on a motor vehicle so as to be able to pivot around a transverse axis of the vehicle between a closed vertical position and an open vertical position, said tailgate comprising a panel which comprises an inner surface and an outer surface, the panel being provided with a cavity proximal to the outer surface, said tailgate further comprising a rear element located in the cavity.

According to a general characteristic of this tailgate, the cavity extends from the outer surface to the inner surface, the rear element being able to pivot relative to the panel in order to point in a rear direction relative to the vehicle, both when the tailgate is in its closed position only when it is in its open position.

Said general characteristic allows the rear element to be fixed to the tailgate so that the same surface of said rear element externally delimits the rear element with respect to the vehicle, whether the tailgate is in its closed vertical position or in its vertical position opened.

According to a particular embodiment, the rear element comprises a license plate or a rear light.

Advantageously, the rear element is able to pivot relative to the panel around the direction of said transverse axis of the vehicle.

Preferably, the rear element pivots relative to the panel by an angle of rotation of between 150 ° and 210 ° when the tailgate is pivoted between its open position and its closed position.

In a particular embodiment, the pivoting movement of the rear element relative to the panel is such that the rear element does not pivot with respect to the motor vehicle, or only pivots at an angle which does not exceed 10 ° during all the rotational movement of the panel between the closed position of the tailgate and the open position of the tailgate.

This particular characteristic makes it possible to arrange the rear element so as to ensure a good level of safety over the entire travel between the vertical closed position of the tailgate and the vertical open position of the tailgate.

One can also provide a hinge assembly which mechanically connects the panel and the rear element, said hinge assembly comprising at least one mounting means fixed to the panel providing a first axis of rotation of the rear element relative to the panel.

The hinge assembly may further include a connection member having a first end and a second end, the first end being adapted to be attached to the motor vehicle to provide a second axis of rotation of the connection member relative to the motor vehicle, the second end being attached to the rear member to provide a third axis of rotation of the connection member relative to the rear member.

Advantageously, said connection element comprises a connection rod.

There may also be provided a tailgate rod constituting a pivot axis of the panel relative to the vehicle, the pivot axis, the first axis of rotation, the second axis of rotation and the third axis of rotation being parallel to each other, l pivot axis and the second axis of rotation defining a plane parallel to a plane defined by the first axis of rotation and the third axis of rotation, the distance which separates the second axis of rotation from the axis of rotation being substantially the same as the distance from the first axis of rotation to the third axis of rotation.

In another embodiment, the panel comprises a lower edge, said panel being able to pivot around a transverse axis of the vehicle located near said lower edge.

Other advantages and characteristics of the invention will appear on examining the detailed description of an embodiment of the invention, which is by no means limiting, and the attached drawings, in which:

FIG. 1 is a rear view of a motor vehicle comprising a tailgate according to the invention and which is in its closed vertical position,

FIG. 2 is a rear view of the same vehicle as in FIG. 1, the tailgate being in its open vertical position,

FIG. 3 is a three-dimensional view showing the tailgate and the hinge assembly of the tailgate of FIGS. 1 and 2,

FIG. 4 represents a part of a variant of the embodiment of the hinge assembly of FIG. 3,

- the figure 5 East A sight schematic of all of hinge of the figure 3 when the hay we are in its vertical position closed, - the figure 6 East A sight schematic of all of hinge of figure 3 when the east tailgate in a position

intermediate between the closed and open vertical positions, and

- Figure 7 is a schematic view of the hinge assembly of Figure 3 when the tailgate is in its open vertical position.

Referring now to Figures 1 and 2, there is shown a view of the rear of a motor vehicle 2. Although the motor vehicle 2 is of the "open van" type, it is possible, without departing from the scope of the invention, to implement the invention with any other type of vehicle. The vehicle 2 comprises a body 4.

An orthonormal base 6 is defined relative to the body 4. The orthonormal base 6 consists of the vector x parallel to the longitudinal direction of the body 4, of the vector y parallel to the transverse direction of the body 4 and of the vector z perpendicular to the vectors x and y. When the bodywork 4 rests on a horizontal plane, the vector z is parallel to the vertical direction. As can be seen in the figures, the vector x is oriented from the rear of the body 4 towards the front of the body 4, the vector y is oriented from the right side of the body 4 to the left side of the body 4 and the vector z is oriented from the bottom of the body 4 to the top of the body 4.

The vehicle 2 further comprises a tailgate 8 fixed to the body 4 so as to be able to pivot around the direction of the vector y between a closed vertical position (see FIG. 1) and an open vertical position (see FIG. 2). The tailgate 8 is also shown in Figure 3 in dotted lines. The tailgate 8 has a panel 10 having a substantially rectangular section. More precisely, the panel 10 extends, relative to the direction of the vector z, between an upper edge 14 and a lower edge 16. As can be seen in FIG. 2, when the tailgate is in the open vertical position, the upper edge 14 is located at the bottom of the lower edge 16. In order to ensure the rotational connection of the tailgate 8 relative to the body 4, the panel 10 is mounted on a tailgate rod 12 parallel to the vector y. When the tailgate 8 is actuated from the closed position to the open vertical position, the panel 10 rotates around the tailgate pin 12 at an angle of rotation which is greater than 160 °, preferably approximately equal to 180 °. To this end, the panel 10 is rotatably mounted on the tailgate rod 12, for example using a mounting bracket (not shown) having a through hole in which the tailgate rod 12 is inserted so as to ability to rotate around the direction of vector y.

The tailgate 8 comprises four fixing supports 17 which are all integral with the body 4 and the tailgate rod 12. The tailgate 8 further comprises a pair of fixing tongues 18 integral with the body 4 and the tailgate rod 12 Consequently, the panel 10 is able to pivot relative to the bodywork 4 around the direction of the tailgate rod 12.

As can be seen in Figures 1 to 3, the panel 10 includes an outer face 19 and an inner face 20. When the tailgate 8 is in a vertical position, the outer face 19 and the inner face 20 define the interior volume of the panel 10 with respect to the direction of the vector x. Like the upper and lower edges 14 and 16, the outer and inner faces 19 and 20 are defined relative to the vehicle 2 when the tailgate 8 is in its closed vertical position. In other words, when the tailgate 8 is in its closed vertical position, as shown in FIG. 1, the outer face 19 externally delimits the panel 10 relative to the vehicle, the inner face 20 internally delimits the panel 10. A conversely, when the tailgate 8 is in its open vertical position, as shown in FIG. 2, the internal face 20 externally delimits the panel 10, the external face 19 internally delimiting the panel 10.

As shown in Figure 3, the tailgate 8 further comprises three cavities 22, 24 and 26. The cavities 22 and 26 are substantially identical to each other and located respectively near the left and right sides of the panel 10, the cavity 24 being located at center of the panel

10. The cavities 22, 24 and 26 are formed so as to be symmetrical with respect to a plane of symmetry perpendicular to the vector y. More precisely, the plane of symmetry crosses the panel 10 in the middle of its length in the direction of the vector y. The cavity 24 has a rectangular section elongated in the direction of the vector x. The cavities 22 and 26 have a circular section in the direction of the vector x. Each of the cavities 22, 24, 26 is a through hole.

In other words, each cavity 22, 24, 26 extends along the direction of the vector x, from the external face 19 to the internal face 20.

The tailgate 8 also has three rear elements which are provided to improve the safety of passengers in the vehicle and other vehicles. Concretely, the rear elements are a left rear light 28, a license plate 30 and a right rear light 32. The left rear light 28 is placed inside the first cavity 22. The license plate 30 is placed inside the second cavity 24. The right rear light 32 is placed inside the third cavity 26.

The rear lights 28 and 32 are substantially identical to each other. More specifically, each rear light 28, 32 comprises a cylindrical base body 34 and a luminous spherical projection 36. The base body 34 comprises a pair of cylindrical protrusions 38 extending parallel to the vector y and in opposite directions. Each cylindrical protuberance 38 cooperates with a mounting support (not shown) fixed to the panel 10, in order to allow the rear lights 28, 32 to be rotatably mounted on the panel 10 around the direction of the vector y. As a variant, the cylindrical protrusions 38 can each be inserted in a blind hole provided to allow the protrusions 38 to pivot around the direction of the vector y relative to the panel 10.

The license plate 30 comprises a parallelepiped base body 39 and a printed face 40 on which can be printed, for example, a vehicle number. Like the rear lights 28 and 32, the base body 39 includes a pair of cylindrical protrusions 42 providing a pivoting mechanical connection between the license plate 30 and the panel 10 around the direction of the vector y. For this purpose, the protrusions 42 may be identical to the protrusions 38 and may cooperate in the same way with the panel 10 or with a mounting support (not shown) fixed thereon.

In view of the above, the rear elements 28, 30 and 32 are able to pivot relative to the panel 10 around the direction of the vector y. The cavities 22, 24 and 26 are specially designed to allow the rear elements 28, 30 and 32 to rotate around an angle which is greater than or equal to 180 °. In the embodiment described, the dimensions of the cavities 22, 24 and 26 are sufficient so that the rear elements 28, 30 and 32 respectively do not bump into the panel 10 while rotating 360 ° around the direction of the vector y.

In a variant, it is possible to imagine a cavity having, partially or totally, a circular section relative to the direction of the vector y. An example of cavity 44 according to such a variant is shown in FIG. 4, in section relative to the direction of the vector y. The section of the cavity 44 consists of a first rectangular part 46 and of a second semicircular part 48. The diameter of the second part 48 is equal to the width of the first rectangular part 46. The second part 48 is just above the first part 46, relative to the direction of the vector z and when the tailgate 8 is in its closed position. In such a variant, the rear elements 28, 30, 32 can follow a 180 ° rotation inside the cavity 44, said cavity 44 having limited dimensions. This makes it possible to increase the solidity of the tailgate 8 and to avoid the escape of the goods which can be placed inside the vehicle 2.

Referring to Figure 3, the tailgate 8 further includes a hinge assembly 50. The hinge assembly 50 is provided to control the rotation of the rear elements 28, 30 and 32 relative to the panel 10. The hinge assembly 50 is also shown in three different positions of the tailgate 8 in FIGS. 5 to 7.

The hinge assembly 50 includes the tailgate rod 12 and the securing tabs 18. The hinge assembly 50 further includes a central tongue 52 which is attached to the tailgate rod 12 like the securing tabs 18. The rod tailgate 12 defines a pivot axis A of the panel 10 relative to the body 4. The pivot axis A is parallel to the longitudinal direction of the rod 12 and parallel to the vector y. As the rotation of the panel 10 relative to the body 4 takes place around the axis A, said pivot axis A is stationary relative to the body 4 and relative to the panel 10.

The fixing tongues 18 and the central tongue 52 each comprise a lug 54 (only two lugs 54 are visible in FIG. 3) of cylindrical shape, extending perpendicular to the plane of the tongues 18 and 52, and having substantially the same dimensions. As shown in Figure 3, the three pins extend along the same axis B which is parallel to the vector y. As the axis B is linked to the tongues 18 and 52 and to the tailgate rod 12, it is stationary relative to the body 4. On the other hand, the axis B is movable relative to the panel 10.

The hinge assembly 50 further comprises three connection rods 56 which extend and are movable in the interior volume of the panel 10. The connection rods 56 each have a first orifice (not referenced). Each first orifice is formed in a first end, or lower end 57 (relative to FIG. 3) of the corresponding connection rod 56. The first holes are all provided for the insertion of a respective lug 54. Consequently, the connecting rods 56 each extend next to a respective tongue 18 or 52, and are able to pivot relative to the body 4 around the axis B.

The hinge assembly 50 also includes the cylindrical protrusions 38. Since the cylindrical protrusions 38 extend in the same direction, the protrusions 38 define an axis of rotation C of the rear elements relative to the panel 10. The axis of rotation C is parallel to the vector y. As the rotation of the rear elements 28, 30 and 32 with respect to the panel 10 takes place around the axis of rotation C, the axis C is fixed with respect to the panel 10, with respect to the rear lights 28 and 32 and with respect to to the license plate 30. The axis C is rotatable around the axis A relative to the body 4.

Each of the rear elements 28, 30, 32 comprises a lug 58 (only two lugs 58 are visible in FIG. 3) of cylindrical shape, extending parallel to the vector y and having substantially the same dimensions. More specifically, the pins 58 extend around the same axis D which is parallel to the vector y. As the axis D is linked to the rear elements 28, 30 and 32, it is movable in rotation relative to the panel 10 around the axis C.

Furthermore, in the embodiment shown, the distance which separates the tailgate rod 12 from the lugs 54 is substantially the same as that which separates the cylindrical protrusions 38 from the lugs 58. This allows regular movement of the rear elements 28, 30 and 32 relative to the panel 10 when the tailgate 8 is pivoted between its vertical closed position and its vertical open position. However, one could imagine, without departing from the scope of the invention, to provide different distances between the tailgate rod 12 and the pins 54 and between the protrusions 38 and the pins 58.

The connection rods 56 each have a second orifice (not referenced) formed in a second end, or upper end 59 (relative to FIG. 3) of said rod 56. The second end, or upper end, 59 is opposite to the first abovementioned end 57 of the rods 56. The second orifices are provided for the insertion of a respective lug 58. This allows the connecting rods 56 to be able to pivot each with respect to a rear element 28, 30, 32 about the axis D.

The operation of the hinge assembly 50 will now be described in relation to FIGS. 5, 6 and 7. In these figures, the axes A, B, C, D are shown, the central tongue 52, the connection rod 56 being in the immediate vicinity of the central tongue 52. Consequently, for a better understanding of the figures, only part of the hinge assembly 50 has been shown, it being understood that the two connecting rods 56 which are not shown on the Figures 5 to 7 follow the same movement as that which is drawn.

In Figure 5 is shown the hinge assembly 50 when the tailgate 8 is in its closed vertical position. In this position, the connecting rod 56 substantially forms an angle of 90 ° with the central tongue 52. In other words, the connecting rod 56 extends along the direction of the vector y. The C axis is located just above the A axis, the D axis being located just above the B axis, relative to the vertical direction of the vector z of the orthonormal base 6.

With reference now to FIG. 6, the tailgate 8 has been actuated in order to rotate it in an intermediate position between the closed vertical position and the open vertical position. More specifically, the tailgate 8 has been actuated in such a way that the panel 10 forms an angle with the direction of the vector z which is approximately equal to 60 °. Following the rotation of the panel 10, the axis C has pivoted around the axis A in the rear part of the vehicle (to the right in FIG. 6). Thanks to the connecting rod 56, the axis D has pivoted about the axis B. The axis D which is stationary relative to the rear elements has also pivoted with respect to the axis C. Consequently, the axis D has pivoted about the axis B on an angle of rotation which is very similar to the angle of rotation of the panel 10 relative to the body 4, namely 60 °. The D axis is then at the same height, relative to the direction of the vector z, as the C axis.

Referring now to Figure 7, there is shown the hinge assembly 50 when the tailgate 8 is in its open vertical position. Following the rotation of the panel 10, the axis C followed a rotation of 180 °, from the position shown in FIG. 5, around the axis A. In other words, the axis C is just below the A axis, relative to the vertical direction of the vector z. With the hinge assembly 50, the D axis has pivoted both around the B axis and around the C axis. As a result, the D axis is just below the B axis.

So, thanks to the hinge assembly 50, when the tailgate 8 is actuated to go from its closed position to its open position, the axis D pivots around the axis B and around the axis C. Consequently, the axis D remains behind the axis C, relative to the vehicle 2, and at the same height as the axis C, relative to the direction of the vector z. The orientation of the rear elements relative to the vehicle 2 thus remains the same, while the tailgate 8 is moved from its closed position to its open position. More specifically, the rear elements 28, 30 and 32 pivot relative to the panel 10 about the axis C, on an angle of rotation which corresponds substantially to the angle of rotation of the panel 10 relative to the body 4 around the axis A. Consequently, the plane defined by the axes C and D remains parallel to the plane defined by the axes A and B, and perpendicular to the vertical direction of the vector y.

Consequently, the rear lights 28 and 32 do not pivot around the tailgate rod 12 but follow a circular translation perpendicular to the vector y. The luminous projection 36 of the rear lights 28 and 30 remains behind the cylindrical base body 34, relative to the vehicle 2 and to the direction of the vector x. Likewise, the registration plate 30 is driven in circular translation when the tailgate 8 is actuated, so that the printed face 40 remains behind the parallelepiped base body 39, relative to the vehicle 2 and to the direction of the vector x.

The fact has therefore been made possible, both when the tailgate 8 is in its closed vertical position and when it is in its open vertical position, that the light side of the rear lights 28 and 32 and the printed side of the license plate are visible from the rear of vehicle 2, in particular for users of other vehicles. The same operation is implemented when the tailgate 8 is actuated to pass from its open vertical position to its closed vertical position.

In the embodiment described, there are provided three connecting rods 56 connected by means of three pairs of lugs 54 and 58 in order to constitute three distinct hinge mechanisms, each of them being associated with a rear element, said mechanisms hinge operating in a substantially identical manner. It is however possible to imagine a tailgate comprising several rear elements each associated with a separate hinge mechanism, where the axes of rotation A, B, C, D are not the same in the different hinge mechanisms.

The use of a connecting rod is advantageous in that it allows the rotation of the rear elements to be easily controlled.

28, 30 and 32 relative to the panel 10 of the tailgate 8, whether the tailgate 8 is actuated from its closed position to its open position or from its open position to its closed position. It is also possible, without departing from the scope of the present invention, to use a different connection element, for example by replacing the connection rod with a connection chain or a connection belt. Such a variant is advantageous because it is easier to introduce chains or belts into the interior volume of the panel 10, mainly because the belts or chains are flexible. However, when using a connecting belt or a connecting chain, it is necessary to use a second one to drive the rear member in the direction opposite to the direction of rotation driven by the first belt or chain. Alternatively, a spring element may be used to return the rear element to an initial position after said rear element has pivoted to a second position.

To conclude, the embodiment of tailgate described with reference to the figures allows rear elements such as the rear lights and the license plate to be oriented so as to be clearly visible to other users, both when the tailgate is closed only when it is open.

The regular movement allowed by the distances between the tailgate rod 12 and the lugs 54 and between the cylindrical protrusions 38 and the lugs 58 which are substantially equal, is particularly advantageous since the rear elements do not pivot relative to the vehicle, or pivot on an angle of rotation which is less than 5 ° or 10 ° when the tailgate is pivoted. The rear elements are therefore oriented towards the rear of the vehicle throughout the transition from the closed position of the tailgate to the open position of the tailgate.

The invention thus provides better security for the passengers of the vehicle and for other road users while allowing all the possibilities of the vehicle to be used, such as running the vehicle with the tailgate in the open position in order to be able to transport a load. bulky or unload the vehicle safely when the vehicle is parked on a roadside.

Claims (10)

1. Tailgate (8) of the type intended to be installed on a motor vehicle (2) so as to be able to pivot about a transverse axis (y) of the vehicle (2) between a closed vertical position and an open vertical position , said tailgate (8) comprising a panel (10) which comprises an inner surface (20) and an outer surface (19), the panel (10) being provided with a cavity (22, 24, 26) proximal to the outer surface (19), said tailgate (8) further comprising a rear element (28, 30, 32) located in the cavity (22, 24, 26), characterized in that the cavity (22, 24, 26) extends from the outer surface (19) to the inner surface (20), the rear element (28, 30, 32) being able to pivot relative to the panel (10) in order to point in a rear direction relative to the vehicle (2), both when the tailgate (8) is in its closed position and when it is in its open position. 2. Tailgate (8) according to claim 1, wherein the rear element comprises a license plate (30) or a rear light (28, 32). 3. Tailgate (8) according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the rear element (28, 30, 32) is able to pivot relative to the panel (10) about the direction of said transverse axis (y) of the vehicle. 4. Tailgate (8) according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the rear element (28, 30, 32) pivots relative to the panel (10) by an angle of rotation between 150 ° and 210 ° when the tailgate (8) is pivoted between its open position and its closed position. 5. Tailgate (8) according to any one of claims 1 to 4, comprising a hinge assembly (50) provided to control the rotation of said rear element (28, 30, 32) relative to the panel (10), the hinge assembly (50) being configured such that upon pivoting movement of the rear member (28, 30, 32) relative to the panel (10), the rear member (28, 30, 32) does not pivot relative to the motor vehicle (2), or only pivot at an angle which does not exceed 10 ° during the entire rotational movement of the panel (10) between the closed position of the tailgate (8) and the open position of the tailgate (8). 6. Tailgate (8) according to any one of claims 1 to 5, further comprising a hinge assembly (50) which mechanically connects the panel (10) and the rear element (28, 30, 32), said assembly hinge (50) comprising at least one mounting means fixed to the panel (10) providing a first axis of rotation (C) of the rear element (28, 30, 32) relative to the panel (10). 7. tailgate (8) according to claim 6, wherein the hinge assembly (50) further comprises a connection element (56) having a first end (57) and a second end (59), the first end ( 57) being able to be attached to the motor vehicle (2) in order to provide a second axis of rotation (B) of the connection element (56) relative to the motor vehicle (2), the second end (59) being attached to the rear member (28, 30, 32) to provide a third axis of rotation (D) of the connecting member (56) relative to the rear member (28, 30, 32). 8. Tailgate (8) according to claim 7, wherein said connection element comprises a connection rod (56). 9. Tailgate (8) according to claim 7 or 8, further comprising a tailgate rod (12) constituting a pivot axis (A) of the panel (10) relative to the vehicle (2), the pivot axis ( A), the first axis of rotation (C), the second axis of rotation (B) and the third axis of rotation (D) being parallel to each other, the pivot axis (A) and the second axis of rotation (B ) defining a plane parallel to a plane defined by the first axis of rotation (C) and the third axis of rotation (D), the distance separating the second axis of rotation (B) from the pivot axis (A) being substantially the same as the distance between the first axis of rotation (C) and the third axis of rotation (D). 10. tailgate (8) according to any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein the panel (10) comprises a lower edge (16), said panel (10) being able to pivot about a transverse axis (y) of the vehicle (2) located near said lower edge (16). 1/4