FR3050744A1 - METHOD FOR THE CONSTRUCTION OF A BUILDING WALL BY ADDITIVE MANUFACTURE - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for constructing a building wall (1) by additive manufacturing. This process comprises: an additive manufacturing operation of at least one structuring wall (3) obtained by stacking successive layers (31) of a structuring material, said successive layers (31) being distributed in non-solid form, and an additive manufacturing operation of two outer walls (2) made of expanded foam, which are arranged opposite one another and at a distance from one another to serve as formwork for said at least one structuring wall (3), which outer walls (2) are each manufactured by stacking successive layers which are successively distributed in non-solid form, where appropriate after hardening and expansion of the underlying layer (21). These manufacturing operations are adjusted so that at least one stratum (31) of said at least one structuring wall (3) is distributed between the strata (21) of at least one pair of strata (22) of said two outer walls (2) after curing and expanding said at least one pair of plies (22).

Description

Technical field to which the invention relates

The present invention relates to the sector of buildings and public works, and more particularly that of the structural work.

It relates more specifically to a method for building a building wall by additive manufacturing, wherein a structuring wall is obtained by stacking successive layers of a structuring material distributed in non-solid form.

Technological background

The sector of buildings and public works, and more particularly that of the structural work, knows a regular increase of the costs of construction.

This phenomenon can be explained in particular by the increase in the cost of raw materials and labor, but also by the existence of ever more demanding standards and regulations in the building sector.

In particular, most of the operations related to the construction of buildings are still little mechanized and require the manual implementation of materials by the workers.

The heaviness of the loads and the repetitiveness of the gestures are in addition at the origin of musculoskeletal disorders among the workers, which contributes to the image of hardness associated with this type of employment.

To overcome these difficulties, the building industry is interested in the development of new construction processes by additive manufacturing in which the structuring wall of the building is obtained by stacking successive layers of a structuring material distributed in non-solid form, advantageously in liquid form (if necessary after hardening of the underlying layer).

But the current techniques of additive manufacturing require prefabricating the construction elements on machines in the workshop, before their transport to the place of construction. In addition, they often need formwork structures that make their implementation more complex.

There is therefore a need, and at least an interest, for the development of new construction processes by additive manufacturing that would be simpler to implement and that directly on the construction site.

Object of the invention

In order to overcome the aforementioned drawbacks of the state of the art, the present invention relates to a new method for the construction of a building wall by additive manufacturing.

This construction method comprises an additive manufacturing operation of at least one structuring wall obtained by stacking successive layers of a structuring material, said successive layers being distributed in non-solid form, advantageously a liquid form.

And according to the invention, the corresponding construction method comprises an additive manufacturing operation of two outer walls made of expanded foam, which are arranged opposite and at a distance from one another to serve as a formwork for said at least one a structuring wall.

These outer walls are each also manufactured by stacking successive layers which are successively distributed in non-solid form, advantageously a liquid form, where appropriate after hardening and expansion of the underlying layer.

And at least one stratum of said at least one structuring wall is distributed between the strata of at least one pair of strata of said two outer walls, after curing and expanding said at least one pair of strata.

In this method according to the invention, the two outer walls will thus allow to hold, guide and "mold", said at least one structuring wall attached between them. These two outer walls will thus participate in the shaping of said at least one structuring wall.

The outer walls and said at least one structuring wall are made of materials with differentiated functionalities, namely advantageously: - characteristics of strength and lift provided by said at least one structuring wall, and - thermal insulation characteristics and airtightness ensured by the two outer walls.

Such a method according to the invention has many technical and economic interests, namely: - the repeatability of the construction process (reduction of the construction hazard, less risk of workmanship, standardization of construction, better management of interfaces, etc.) .); - ease of implementation (lower workload, reduced labor); - the reduction of construction time; - the possibility of building buildings of complex shapes, without complicating the removal task; - the limitation and recycling of construction waste by the fact that the deposited materials are fully exploited for their primary functions; - there is no cutting of insulators, nor specific formwork to eliminate; the use of bio-sourced materials is entirely possible with a process according to the invention; - the implementation directly on the site of the construction, with possibly the use of materials present on the spot. Other nonlimiting and advantageous features of the process according to the invention, taken individually or in any technically possible combination, are the following: the additive manufacturing operations are carried out so that said walls are manufactured in parallel, while preserving a height defined by the pair of overlying strata of the two outer walls which is greater than the height defined by the overlying stratum of said at least one structuring wall; in this context, preferably, the additive manufacturing operations are implemented so that a pair of strata of the two outer walls, on a pair of layers underlying said two outer walls, and a stratum are simultaneously reported; said at least one structuring wall between the strata of said pair of underlying layers of said two outer walls; a stratum of said at least one structuring wall comprises a first curing time t1 which is greater than a second curing time t2 of a stratum of the outer walls, and a new stratum of said outer walls and of said at least one structuring wall; is reported after a time t ', greater than or equal to said first curing time t1; in this case, said first curing time t1 (advantageously partially curing) is advantageously between 3 and 15 minutes; the method comprises (i) an initial phase during which at least one first layer of said two outer walls is distributed on a receiving surface, and then after curing said first layers, (ii) an elevation phase, comprising the operations additive manufacturing of said at least one structuring wall and said outer walls, wherein at least one stratum of said at least one structuring wall is distributed between the strata of at least one pair of strata of said two outer walls, after hardening and expansion said strata; in this case, during the initial phase, a transverse binder is advantageously applied selectively, to hold together the juxtaposed layers; the outer walls have identical thicknesses, or different thicknesses relative to each other; - The outer walls are made of a material selected from polyurethane, Icynene, polystyrene, corn starch, cellulose, compressed wood fiber, expanded cork, composites, expansive foams; said at least one structuring wall is made of a material chosen from concrete, cement matrix materials or any other material whose setting or drying ensures the mechanical strength of the material (lime, mud, geopolymers, fly ash, clay); after curing, a stratum of the outer walls is 1 to 10 cm high and 2 to 20 cm wide; the two outer walls are separated by a horizontal distance of between 5 cm and 30 cm; the strata of the outer walls have a curing time of between 15 seconds and 15 minutes; the distribution speed of the layers is between 0.5 m and 15 m per minute.

According to a particular embodiment of the method according to the invention, the additive manufacturing operations are implemented by means of a manufacturing device comprising: a dispensing head comprising two lateral nozzles and at least one intermediate nozzle, said nozzles being advantageously adjustable, first means for feeding the lateral nozzles with at least one non-solid material (advantageously a liquid form) intended to form the outer walls, preferably two non-solid materials intended to be mixed at the level of said lateral nozzles, second means for feeding said at least one intermediate nozzle with a non-solid material (advantageously a liquid form) intended to form said at least one structuring wall; means for maneuvering in the space of said dispensing head; - Control means for controlling said feeding means and desdit s maneuvering means.

In this context, the maneuvering means advantageously consist of a polyarticulate robot arm which can be carried by a motorized mobile chassis.

The present invention also relates to a building wall, resulting from a construction method according to the invention, comprising two outer walls made of expanded foam, between which is cast at least one structuring wall, the latter matching said outer walls to form a monobloc assembly.

Detailed description of an example embodiment

The following description with reference to the accompanying drawings, given by way of non-limiting examples, will make it clear what the invention consists of and how it can be achieved.

In the accompanying drawings: FIG. 1 is a general and perspective view of a site in which the additive manufacturing process according to the invention is implemented; - Figure 2 shows schematically and in vertical section, a building wall from the construction method according to Figure 1; - Figure 3 consists of Figures 3A to 3D which schematically illustrate the main steps of the construction method for obtaining the building wall according to Figure 2; - Figure 4 shows, schematically, a particular embodiment of a dispensing head for equipping the manufacturing device for carrying out the construction method according to the invention.

As represented generally and schematically in FIG. 1, the method according to the invention is intended to allow the construction of walls 1 intended to form a building (for example an individual or collective dwelling).

By "wall" is meant in particular the exterior walls of the building, but also the interior walls forming the partitions intended to delimit its rooms.

Advantageously, the construction method according to the invention can be implemented within the construction site of this building, so that the walls 1 are built directly on their reception surface S (for example on a concrete slab ).

The construction method according to the invention belongs to the field of building processes by additive manufacturing, also known as "three-dimensional printing construction methods".

The building wall 1 is thus obtained by means of a manufacturing process, advantageously computer assisted, consisting in stacking successive layers of materials which are distributed in non-solid form (advantageously a liquid form) and which are intended to harden (at least partially) before depositing a new overlying stratum.

Building wall

The building wall 1, resulting from the construction method according to the invention, is of the "multi-wall" type (FIG. 2).

This building wall 1 thus comprises two outer walls 2 sandwiching a structuring wall 3.

The outer walls 2 are each made by additive manufacturing of a stack of successive layers 21 of an expanded foam (or "expansive foam").

This expanded foam has for example at least one of the following characteristics: a density of between 10 and 100 kg / m 2; - a pressure resistance of at least 8 N / cm 2.

This expanded foam must be mechanically resistant in order to receive a new layer 21 without sagging, while ensuring good adhesion to the structuring wall 3; it must advantageously be able to be pumped for distribution.

By "expanded foam" is meant a material selected from polyurethane, Icynene, polystyrene, corn starch, cellulose, compressed wood fiber, expanded cork, composites and expansive foams.

This expanded foam may be single-component, or multi-component (for example two-component).

The outer walls 2 have identical thicknesses, or different, with respect to each other. For example, this thickness is between 2 to 20 cm.

The expanded foam advantageously comprises thermal insulation characteristics, with for example a heat transfer coefficient of between 0.05 and 0.5 W / (m ^ .K); these two outer walls 2 thus form insulating skins.

The structuring wall 3 is also produced by additive manufacturing of a stack of successive layers 31, in this case a structuring material.

This structuring material must be mechanically resistant in order to receive a new layer 31 without sagging, while ensuring good adhesion to the outer walls 2; it must advantageously be able to be pumped for its distribution.

This structuring material is advantageously chosen from concrete, cementitious matrix materials or any other material whose setting (or drying) ensures the mechanical strength of the material (lime, mud, geopolymer, fly ash, clay).

This structuring material can integrate various supplements (fillers or additives in particular), for example granules, metal fibers, polypropylene or polymer fibers, "crushed" from recycling or vegetable fibers (biomaterials, miscanthus fibers, hemp fibers, straw, etc.).

The structuring wall 3 is intended to be cast between the two outer walls 2 which serve as formwork; this structuring wall 3 thus marries the two outer walls 2 (more precisely their inner facing faces) to form a one-piece assembly.

This structuring wall 3 comprises for example a thickness of between 5 cm and 30 cm, still corresponding to the spacing of the two outer walls 2.

For example, a load-bearing wall advantageously comprises a structuring wall 3 whose thickness is between 15 and 30 cm; a non-load-bearing wall advantageously comprises a structuring wall 3 whose thickness is between 5 and 20 cm.

Alternatively and not shown, the building wall 1 according to the invention may comprise at least two structuring walls 3 which are formed between the outer walls 2.

These structuring walls 3 are then separated from each other, for example by means of an intermediate wall or by lattices (for example made of an insulating material).

Still according to a particular embodiment, not shown, transverse binders may be interposed at the interface between the outer walls 2 and said at least one structuring wall 3.

The transverse binders consist, for example, of elongated elements, in particular of the type of small diameter cords or of the type of braided strips.

The elongated elements are advantageously made of synthetic material, for example a polymeric material (advantageously chosen from nylon and polypropylene).

These elongate elements advantageously extend horizontally, distributed over the height of the aforementioned interface.

Still according to a particular embodiment, not shown, the outer surface of the outer walls 2 (opposite the structuring wall 3) may be covered with a finishing facing, for example a finishing coating, plasterboard , cladding, paneling or any other wall finishing element.

Construction process

As schematically illustrated in Figure 3, the building wall 1 is derived from an additive manufacturing process (also called "three-dimensional printing process") which includes additive manufacturing operations of its different walls 2 , 3.

In particular, each of the walls 2, 3 is obtained by an additive manufacturing operation: successive layers 21, 31 are distributed in non-solid (advantageously liquid) form, to obtain a stack of layers 21, 31 forming the wall 2, 3 corresponding.

The distribution of the strata 21 of the outer walls 2 is carried out after curing / expansion, partial or complete, of an underlying layer of foam.

The distribution of the layers 31 of the structuring wall 3 can be carried out after complete hardening of the underlying layer, or advantageously before complete hardening of this underlying layer (partial hardening).

Without being limiting, the underlying layer of the structuring wall 3 is not necessarily completely hardened to accommodate the next layer; in fact, it is especially the outer walls 2 which must have sufficient hardening to form the strata of the structural wall 3.

By "stratum" is meant in particular a longitudinal layer of a stack of longitudinal layers, deposited in non-solid form (advantageously in fluid form, preferably still in liquid form), where appropriate on an underlying layer.

In general, by "hardening", it is advantageous to include a "complete" or "partial" curing. Such a hardening advantageously corresponds to a stratum which comprises a holding by itself (with in particular a certain lateral resistance), and which is able to support (at least partially) the overlying layer (s).

Still generally, to ensure cohesion between the layers, an underlying layer is advantageously still at least partially fluid at the time of removal of the overlying stratum.

Still generally, the "hardening time of a stratum" advantageously corresponds to the time necessary to reach the maximum compressive strength of said stratum, or preferably the time required for the stratum to exert a hold by itself and can support the upper layer (s) (overlying).

In addition, the additive manufacturing operation of the two outer walls 2, arranged opposite and at a distance from one another, is coordinated with the additive manufacturing operation of the structuring wall 3. The outer walls 2 then serve In this respect, in general, the strata 21 of the two outer walls 2 are distributed in pairs of layers 22; and for each of these pairs 22, the strata 21 extend in a horizontal plane (or at least approximately horizontal), at a distance and facing one another, advantageously parallel to each other .

Again in this respect, at least one layer 31 of the structuring wall 3 is distributed between the strata 21 of at least one pair of strata 22 of said two outer walls 2, after curing and expansion of said at least one pair of strata 22 .

More specifically, the additive manufacturing operations of the two outer walls 2 and the structuring wall 3 are advantageously implemented so that these walls 2, 3 are made parallel, concomitantly or simultaneously.

This parallel manufacturing is advantageously adjusted so that, throughout the elevation of the building wall 1, the height of the outer walls 2 (corresponding to the height defined by the pair of layers 22 overlying these walls 2) remains greater (or equal) with respect to the height of the structuring wall 3 (corresponding to the height defined by the layer 31 overlying this wall 3).

In practice, as illustrated in FIG. 3A, the manufacturing method according to the invention advantageously begins with an initial phase during which at least a first pair of strata 22 of the outer walls 2 is distributed on the reception surface S The spacing E of the strata 21 of this first pair of strata 22 is defined by the spacing between the inner faces facing the two outer walls 2 and, as a corollary, corresponds to the thickness of the structuring wall 3.

This spacing E, and therefore the thickness of the structural wall 3, can be scalable throughout the elevation of the building wall.

For example, the strata 21 of this first pair of layers 22 are deposited with a spacing E between 5 cm and 30 cm.

After hardening and expansion of this first pair of layers 22, the construction process is continued by an elevation phase comprising the additive manufacturing operations of the structuring wall 3 and the outer walls 2, advantageously simultaneously.

In the present case, as illustrated by FIGS. 3B and 3C, this elevation phase comprises a repetition of steps of simultaneous distribution of strata 21, 31.

During each step of simultaneous distribution, it is thus deposited: a new pair of strata 22A overlying the two outer walls 2, on a pair of strata 22B underlying said outer walls 2 (corresponding to the pair of strata 22 deposited during the previous dispensing step), and a stratum 31 of the structuring wall 3, between the strata 21 of said underlying pair of strata 22B.

This technical feature is interesting for mounting the various elements of the wall (outer walls and structural wall) at the same speed. The elevation of the different walls is thus performed with a phase shift (advance of at least one stratum for the outer walls relative to the structuring wall), but at the same speed.

Each stratum 21 of the outer walls 2 is deposited so that, after hardening and expansion (complete or partial), it advantageously has a height ranging from 1 to 10 cm and a width ranging from 2 to 20 cm.

Similarly, the height of each stratum 31 of the structuring wall 3 is adjusted so as to correspond, at least approximately, to the height of the strata 21 of the pair of adjacent strata 22B (situated at the same level).

In order to define the frequency of these steps of simultaneous distribution of strata 21, 31, particular account is taken of the curing time t1 of the strata 31 of the structuring wall 3 which is normally longer than the curing time t2 of the strata 21 of the walls. exterior 2.

In general, the material of the structuring wall 3 has a mechanical compressive strength which increases with time due to the revolution of the chemical reactions (for example, for the concrete, via a hydration of the different phases of the cement).

This curing time differs depending on the composition of the material.

Preferably, the frequency of these simultaneous distribution steps is adapted so that the layer (s) 31 of the structuring wall (3) of the preceding distribution stages can support the new layer or layers (31) added, in combination with the outer walls (2), which make it possible to to compensate for the longer curing time of the material of the structuring wall 3.

Thus, in practice, a step of simultaneous distribution of strata 21, 31 is advantageously carried out at an interval of a third time f, greater than or equal to the first curing time t1 (for the structuring material).

Preferably, this third time V corresponds to the time required to make a turn of removal of the layers 21, 31 over the entire length of the building wall 1 during elevation.

For example, and without being limiting: the first curing time ti is between 3 and 15 min, the first curing time t2 is between 15 s and 15 min, and the third time t 'separating two stages of curing. simultaneous distribution of strata 21,31, is between 10 and 20 min, depending in particular on the architecture of the wall to be made.

In addition, the average longitudinal distribution speed of the strata 21, 31 is preferably between 0.5 m and 15 m per minute.

The steps of simultaneous distribution of strata 21, 31 are renewed until a desired height is obtained for the building wall 1 (for example between 2 m and 3 m).

The elevation phase ends advantageously with a finishing phase during which at least one stratum 31 of the structuring wall 3 is attached between the final strata 21 of the outer walls 2 (after hardening and expansion of the latter) (Figure 3D ).

This finishing phase thus allows a leveling of the structuring wall 3 with respect to the outer walls 2.

Optionally, during the elevation phase, the aforementioned transverse binder can be unrolled by a back and forth, from one side to another of the building wall 1 being built, just before the distribution of strata 21 external walls 2.

This transverse binder is then intended to be trapped by the expanded foam at the interface between the walls 2, 3.

Moreover, and only by way of example, the expanded foam (constituting the outer walls 2) can also be delivered transversely in the space separating the two outer walls 2 and before a corresponding layer 31 of the structuring wall 3.

This expanded foam then advantageously forms a kind of end wall, participating in the formwork of the structuring material during its casting and the time of its hardening.

This approach can be interesting to form for example tables of building bays that are intended to receive joinery (doors, windows, etc.).

Moreover, it is possible to carry out cutting operations by machining the expanded foam, for example in order to complete the finishing before the installation of a joinery.

Device for implementing the method

The manufacturing method can be implemented by means of a manufacturing device 5 (FIGS. 1 and 4) which comprises a dispenser head 6 (shown in more detail in FIG. 4) carried by means 7 for the maneuver in the machine. space of said dispensing head 6 (Figure 1).

The operating means 7 may consist of, and not be limited to, a polyarticulated robot arm which is carried by a motorized mobile chassis (for the displacement of this polyarticulate robot arm within the construction site).

These maneuvering means 7 thus advantageously form an anthropomorphic robot, making it possible to carry out various processes such as the printing of the building wall 1.

The dispensing head 6 comprises several nozzles (or "cannulae") advantageously juxtaposed along a longitudinal axis, namely: two lateral nozzles 61 for dispensing (or printing) the foam during expansion, in the form of liquid, and - at least one spacer nozzle 62, here unique, arranged between the two lateral nozzles 61 for dispensing (or printing) the structuring material in liquid form.

In particular, each nozzle 61, 62 is arranged so as to extend on the vertical median plane of the stratum 21,31 distributed in the preceding step.

These nozzles 61,62 are adjustable, especially spaced, so as to define the relative position and arrangement of different layers for forming the building wall.

Thus, the spacing between the two lateral nozzles 61 is advantageously intended to define the transverse distance separating the two outer walls 2 of the building wall 1 obtained (gap E).

As shown diagrammatically in FIG. 4, the distributor head 6 is connected to different supply means 8 which comprise product tanks associated with high flow pumps.

According to FIG. 4, the feed means 8 comprise: first means 81 for feeding the lateral nozzles 61 with at least one non-solid material (advantageously liquid) intended to form the outer walls 2, and second means 82 for feeding the intermediate nozzle 62 with a non-solid material (advantageously liquid) intended to form the structuring wall 3, namely for example a structuring mixture.

In this case, the first feed means 81 are adapted to provide two liquid materials (two-component) which are intended to be mixed at each of the lateral nozzles 61 to obtain and distribute the foam during expansion.

For the implementation of the additive manufacturing operations, the manufacturing device 5 further comprises control means 9 (FIG. 1) for controlling said supply means 8 and said operating means 7.

These control means 9 then advantageously comprise a computer comprising memory means in which is recorded a computer program and trajectory instructions adapted to the architecture of the building wall 1 to be built.

This computer program thus comprises program code means which are adapted to drive said supply means 8 and said operating means 7, taking into account in particular said trajectory instructions, when said computer program is executed by said computer .

In the present case, for the distribution of a stratum 21, 31 of the walls 2, 3, the dispensing head 6 is advantageously operated in a horizontal plane, according to a predetermined trajectory and controlled by the control means 9.

During this planar maneuver, the control means 9 also control the supply means 8 so as to ensure a distribution of the strata 21, 31 through the nozzles 61, 62 of the dispensing head 6 (advantageously simultaneously during the elevation phase).

For the deposition of new layers 21, 31 on strata 21, 31 hardened, the control means 9 control the operating means 7 so as to position the dispensing head 6 in a new horizontal plane which is offset vertically upwards.

The offset height advantageously corresponds to the height of a stratum 21 of the side walls 2.

Then, as mentioned above, the dispensing head 6 is again maneuvered in this new horizontal plane, along a predetermined path, simultaneously with a controlled distribution of the structuring material and / or the expanded foam, to form the new layers 21, 31. The thickness of the various layers 21, 31 is in particular regulated by the speed of displacement of the dispensing head 6, the flow of material through the nozzles 61, 62, by the regulation of the temperatures applied to the two-components of the walls and by the management of pressures applied in storage tanks of raw materials. Here again, these different parameters are regulated by the control means 9.

In general, the method according to the invention could be implemented by other manufacturing devices, for example by means of a robot of the Cartesian type, an anthropomorphic robot with 6 or 7 axes, a cable robot, etc. .

Claims (10)

A method for constructing a building wall (1) by additive manufacturing, which construction method comprises an additive manufacturing operation of at least one structuring wall (3) obtained by stacking successive layers (31) of a structuring material, said successive layers (31) being distributed in non-solid form, characterized in that said method of construction comprises an additive manufacturing operation of two outer walls (2) made of expanded foam, which are arranged opposite and distance from one another to serve as a formwork for said at least one structuring wall (3), which outer walls (2) are each manufactured by stacking successive layers (21) which are successively distributed in non-solid form, the if appropriate after hardening and expansion of the underlying layer (21), and in that at least one layer (31) of said at least one structuring wall ( 3) is distributed between the strata (21) of at least one pair of strata (22) of said two outer walls (2) after curing and expanding said at least one pair of strata (22). 2. Method for the construction of a building wall by additive manufacturing, according to claim 1, characterized in that the additive manufacturing operations are implemented so that said walls (2, 3) are manufactured in parallel, while maintaining a height defined by the pair of overlying strata (22) of the two outer walls (2) which is greater than the height defined by the overlying stratum (31) of said at least one structuring wall (3) . 3. Process for the construction of a building wall by additive manufacturing, according to claim 2, characterized in that the additive manufacturing operations are carried out so that it is simultaneously reported: a pair of layers (22A ) of the two outer walls (2), on a pair of strata (22B) underlying said two outer walls (2), and - a stratum (31) of said at least one structuring wall (3), between the strata ( 21) of said pair of strata (22B) underlying said two outer walls (2). 4. Process for the construction of a building wall by additive manufacturing, according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that a stratum (31) of said at least one structuring wall (3) comprises a first curing time (t1) which is greater than a second curing time (t2) of a stratum (21) of the outer walls (2), and in that a new stratum (21,31) of said outer walls (2) ) and said at least one structuring wall (3) is reported after a time (f), greater than or equal to said first curing time (t1). 5. Process for the construction of a building wall by additive manufacturing, according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that it comprises: an initial phase during which at least a first layer (21) ) of said two outer walls (2) is distributed on a receiving surface (S), then after curing said first layers (21), - an elevation phase, comprising the additive manufacturing operations of said at least one structuring wall ( 3) and said outer walls (2), wherein at least one stratum (31) of said at least one structuring wall (3) is distributed between the strata (21) of at least one pair of strata (22) of said two outer walls (2), after hardening and expansion of said strata (21). 6. Process for the construction of a building wall by additive manufacturing, according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the outer walls (2) are made of a material selected from polyurethane, Icynene , polystyrene, corn starch, cellulose, compressed wood fiber, expanded cork. 7. Process for the construction of a building wall by additive manufacturing, according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that, after hardening, a stratum (21) of the outer walls (2) has from 1 to 10 cm high, and 2 to 20 cm wide. 8. Process for the construction of a building wall by additive manufacturing, according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the two outer walls (2) are separated by a horizontal distance of between 5 cm and 30 cm. 9. A method for building a building wall by additive manufacturing, according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the additive manufacturing operations are implemented by means of a manufacturing device (5). ) comprising: - a dispensing head (6) comprising two lateral nozzles (61) and at least one intermediate nozzle (62), - first means (81) for feeding the lateral nozzles with at least one non-solid material intended for forming the outer walls (2), preferably two non-solid materials to be mixed at said lateral nozzles (61), - second means (82) for feeding said at least one intermediate nozzle (62) with a non-solid material intended to form said at least one structuring wall (3), - means (7) for maneuvering in the space of said dispensing head (6), - control means (9) for controlling said means of feeding (81, 82) and said operating means (7). 10. Building wall, resulting from a construction method according to any one of claims 1 to 9, comprising two outer walls (2) made of foamed foam, between which is cast at least one structuring wall (3), which at least one structuring wall (3) matches said outer walls (2) to form a one-piece assembly.