WO2021078815A1

WO2021078815A1 - Recycled textile material

Info

Publication number: WO2021078815A1
Application number: PCT/EP2020/079660
Authority: WO
Inventors: Clarisse MERLET
Original assignee: Merlet Clarisse
Priority date: 2019-10-21
Filing date: 2020-10-21
Publication date: 2021-04-29
Also published as: EP4048844A1; FR3102194A1; FR3102194B1; WO2021078815A9

Abstract

The invention relates particularly to a substance intended to be transformed with a view to producing a material intended particularly for construction, the substance comprising a recycled textile-based stiffening component which is intended to form a reinforcement, and a matrix component intended to form a matrix and comprising an animal and/or plant-based adhesive, the matrix component having a mass that is proportionally greater than that of the stiffening component. The invention also relates to a material (1) intended specifically to form a construction element, comprising a composite structure comprising a textile-based reinforcement (2) and a matrix (3) made from an animal and/or plant-based adhesive, the matrix (2) having a mass constituting at least 10%, preferably at least 15% and no more than 30%, preferably no more than 25%, of the total mass of the dry substance. The invention also relates to a method for making the material from the substance.

Description

DESCRIPTION

TITLE: RECYCLED TEXTILE MATERIAL

TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The invention relates, in general, to the field of insulating, structural and aesthetic materials intended for architecture, design or even for construction and / or manufacture such as subassemblies of frames or furniture .

[0002] The invention relates more specifically to a recycled textile material endowed with insulating and structural properties and also making it possible to obtain a satisfactory aesthetic effect.

STATE OF THE PRIOR ART

Various synthetic insulators are known in the prior art, such as vacuum insulators in the form of an ultra-thin insulating panel composed of a nanosilica powder for insulation from the inside, polystyrene insulators (polystyrene expanded PSE, extruded polystyrene XPS, Polyurethane PUR, Polyisocyanurate PIR, Phenolics), or so-called “thin” insulators (PMR, IMR, thin multilayer insulators, thin films, thermo-reflective insulators, thin insulators by thermo reflection, radiant barriers. ..). However, such synthetic insulation is not good for the environment. Their life cycle has a heavy carbon impact on the planet.

[0004] To respond to environmental constraints, bio-sourced insulators have been developed, for example based on vegetable wool (straw, cork, wood, cellulose wadding, etc.), animal wool (sheep wool, duck feather ...), or even mineral wool (glass wool or recycled glass, rock wool or cellular glass). Although better for the environment, these insulators are produced naturally and their resources can be depleted. We must therefore continually find new ones.

Materials are also known from the prior art which have, in addition to insulating properties, structural properties when it comes to use. intended for construction in particular. These materials are, for example, monomuric terracotta bricks, monomuric blocks in pumice stone or expanded clay balls, cellular concrete composed of natural materials (sand, lime, gypsum, cement, aluminum powder, etc.) , bi-material blocks, formed of cellular concrete and calcium silicate, or even insulating formwork (polystyrene lost formwork blocks in which concrete is poured).

The field of construction is, in general, very polluting and consumes a lot of energy. It is therefore necessary to find new ecological and non-polluting materials. In addition, we live in a society of overconsumption, where waste piles up more and more. It is therefore preferable to find solutions to enhance the value of the latter.

[0007] One aim, by creating a material based on recycled material (s), is to provide a new outlet for recycling this waste. Another aim of the present invention is also to provide a new bio-sourced and non-polluting manufacturing or construction material. Finally, another objective is to offer a new resource in terms of sound and / or thermal insulation in particular.

[0008] The current market does not offer any material solution made from recycled textiles which combines these three applications: structure, insulation and aesthetics.

DISCLOSURE OF THE INVENTION

The invention aims to remedy all or part of the drawbacks of the state of the art by proposing in particular a material making it possible to provide a new outlet for recycling textile waste, but also to provide a new manufacturing material and / or bio-sourced construction, non-polluting and offering a new resource in terms of insulation.

To do this is proposed, according to a first aspect of the invention, a product intended to be transformed with a view to the manufacture of a material intended in particular for construction, the product comprising a reinforcing component, intended to form a reinforcement, textile-based and a matrix component, intended to form a matrix, comprising a glue of animal and / or vegetable origin, the matrix component representing a mass proportionally greater than that of the reinforcing component. In other words, the matrix component represents a mass, in proportion to the mass of the product, greater than that of the reinforcing component.

A "glue" is understood to mean a product of liquid, gelatinous or pasty consistency used to bind parts together by contact. Such a glue of animal and / or vegetable origin offers a good alternative of bio-sourced binder compared to current solutions making it possible to impregnate both the textile with the reinforcing component and, once the product has been transformed, to ensure cohesion of the whole and the transfer of efforts. Such a binder is therefore particularly advantageous in combination with a textile-based reinforcing component.

[0012] "Textile" is understood to mean any material capable of being woven or knitted, namely a material which can be divided into fibers or threads, whatever its shape. Textile waste appears to be insufficiently valued and is also affected by a great resource, since a French person, for example, throws away an average of 12kg of clothing per year. Such a matrix component therefore offers an advantageous solution to the recycling of this textile waste.

According to an advantageous technical configuration, the matrix component represents at least 55%, preferably at least 60%, and at most 80%, preferably at most 75% of the mass of the product. These are proportions where the matrix is said to be wet since these proportions relate to the product before its transformation into a material intended in particular to form a building element.

[0014] According to one embodiment, the glue is of animal origin, preferably a casein-based glue. Casein forms a binder for the glue.

[0015] According to one embodiment, the matrix component comprises a predetermined quantity of lime, preferably slaked lime, the predetermined quantity of lime preferably corresponding to about a quarter of the mass of casein. Lime makes it possible in particular to render the glue insoluble, in particular the casein-based glue. This predetermined amount is calculated from the amount of casein in its "natural" state. It is understood that if casein is used in another state, for example in a dehydrated state, the lime value should be calculated on the basis of the rehydrated casein, for example after having mixed with the dehydrated casein an amount of water equivalent to about three times the mass of casein dehydrated.

[0016] According to one embodiment, the matrix component comprises a predetermined quantity of an antioxidant suitable for the glue of animal and / or plant origin, such as borax being for example a glue based on casein. Advantageously, the antioxidant represents at least 0.1%, preferably at least 0.5% and at most 5%, preferably at most 1.5% of the total mass of said matrix component. Borax plays the role of an antioxidant here and helps prevent the appearance of molds that may develop once the material is obtained from this product.

[0017] According to one embodiment, the textile reinforcement component comprises pieces of textile and / or fibers and / or a textile-based powder, preferably arranged homogeneously in the composition intended to form the matrix. Preferably, the pieces of textile, the fibers and / or the textile powder are obtained from woven and / or knitted textile. The homogeneity of the concentration of the reinforcing component in the product ensures a homogeneity of the composite structure of the material obtained. Preferably the pieces of textile and / or the fibers and / or the textile-based powder are arranged in all directions. A homogeneous concentration in the matrix component and an arrangement in all directions of the reinforcing component results in an isotropic material.

[0018] According to one embodiment, the pieces of textile all have an area of between lmm2 and 225cm2, preferably between lmm2 and 100cm2. Indeed, the pieces are chosen so as to be large enough to confer increased strength but small enough to be able to be placed in a mold to allow the manufacture of the material and that the finish of the material obtained is better.

[0019] According to one embodiment, the pieces of textile are obtained from the sole grinding of clothes, that is to say that the clothes or fabrics do not have other preparation steps other than its grinding. For example, buttons or closures are kept with the textile.

[0020] According to one embodiment, the powder is formed from grains having a characteristic dimension of less than 2 mm. By “characteristic dimension” is meant the maximum distance separating two points of its surface delimiting its volume. In the case of a perfect grain having the shape of a sphere, this characteristic dimension corresponds to its diameter.

[0021] According to one embodiment, the textile is composed of natural fibers, preferably cotton, linen, wool, and / or hemp. Cotton is particularly advantageous for obtaining a material having good insulating characteristics.

[0022] According to one embodiment, the textile is recycled textile, that is to say from a first life cycle of a product and the use of which of the textile in the reinforcing component gives it a second life cycle, at least.

[0023] According to one embodiment, the textile is composed of frayed fibers, that is to say undone thread by thread. It remains a material returned in substance to its natural state in the same way as cotton.

According to another aspect of the invention, it relates to a method of manufacturing a material intended in particular for construction, the manufacturing method comprising at least the following steps: - preparation of a product such as described above, this preparation preferably comprising a step of preparing the matrix component comprising a glue of animal and / or plant origin, then a step of coating the textile-based reinforcing component with the matrix component ; - filling at least one mold with the prepared product; compression of the prepared product placed in the mold; and drying, until a material is obtained so that the matrix has a mass representing at least 10%, preferably at least 15% and at most 30%, preferably at most 25% of the total mass of the dry product.

In a particular technical configuration, the compression undergone by the product is greater than or equal to 15 tonnes, preferably greater than or equal to approximately 20 tonnes. A greater compression makes it possible to limit the compression time.

Preferably, for the drying step, during a first drying phase, the prepared product is placed on a preferably flat support configured so that said prepared product does not adhere to the support. In a second drying phase, the prepared product obtained is allowed to dry on a perforated support such as a rack, to allow better cold and homogeneous drying, by natural ventilation. Of course, other drying methods can be implemented to improve production. For example, heating ovens or molds can be used, but these technical solutions consume energy, the electricity consumption being indeed high for implementing such processes.

[0027] According to one embodiment, the step of preparing the matrix component comprises one or more of the steps of: mixing casein with lime in a predetermined amount; add borax to the mixture of casein and lime, preferably dissolved beforehand in water; then make up with a liquid such as water to dilute the mixture.

According to another aspect of the invention, it relates to a material intended in particular to form a construction element, the material being obtained by the aforementioned manufacturing process, the material comprising a composite structure comprising a reinforcement to textile base and a matrix based on glue of animal and / or plant origin, the matrix having a mass representing at least 10%, preferably at least 15% and at most 30%, preferably at most 25% of the total mass of the dry product. The dry product is understood to be the product which has undergone the drying step to form the material. Such proportions are particularly advantageous given that they make it possible to obtain a material in which the reinforcement based on textile mainly composes the material, said textile-based reinforcement can also subsequently be recycled. Such a material is therefore an alternative to textile recycling and its recycling is also facilitated.

According to one embodiment, the material is obtained from the product as described above. In particular, for example, the material has the same elements that constitute it, even if the proportions vary after processing, such as, for example, glue which is of animal origin such as glue based on casein, lime or borax.

According to another aspect, the invention also relates to a construction element such as a brick, intended to be used in a built or furniture subassembly such as a wall or a partition, characterized in that it is in one piece or block and comprises a material as described above. Preferably, the construction element is made of said material.

According to another aspect, the invention also relates to a built or furniture sub-assembly such as a wall or a partition, characterized in that it comprises a plurality of construction elements as described above, monobloc and fixed to each other.

[0032] In a particular configuration, these building elements are attached to each other by means of an adhesive. This glue is preferably also a glue of animal and / or plant origin, for example the same glue as that used as a binder to form the matrix of the construction elements, optionally with a lower proportion of water so as to make the glue. glue more viscous or less diluted. Alternatively or in addition, other fixing means can be used as removable fixing means such as screws, or even by form cooperation, depending on the geometry of the construction elements.

According to another aspect, the invention also relates to a device for implementing the manufacturing method as described above, the device being remarkable in that it comprises a frame comprising a platform for depositing at least a mold, a compression mechanism disposed on one side of the platform, and a stripper mechanism disposed on another side of the platform, opposite the compression mechanism, the device being configured to be compressed between the compression mechanisms and the stripper mechanism, the stripper mechanism being further configured to eject the product after compression.

According to one embodiment, the compression mechanism is disposed vertically above the platform and the stripper mechanism is disposed vertically below.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES

[0035] Other characteristics and advantages of the invention will emerge on reading the following description, with reference to the appended figures, which illustrate:

[Fig. 1]: a diagram of a construction element made of a material according to one embodiment;

[Fig. 2A]: a perspective diagram from above of a building element according to another embodiment;

[Fig. 2B]: a perspective diagram from below of a building element according to the embodiment of FIG. 2A;

[Fig. 3]: a perspective view of a device for manufacturing a construction element according to one embodiment;

[Fig. 4]: a front view of the manufacturing device of FIG. 3;

[Fig. 5]: a side view of the manufacturing device of FIG. 3;

[Fig. 6]: a sectional view A-A of the manufacturing device of FIG. 3;

[Fig. 7]: a partially exploded perspective view of a built sub-assembly according to one embodiment;

[Fig. 8]: a partially exploded perspective view of a built sub-assembly according to another embodiment; [Fig. 9]: a partially exploded perspective view of a built sub-assembly according to another embodiment;

[Fig. 10]: a partially exploded perspective view of a built sub-assembly according to another embodiment;

[Fig. 11]: a partially exploded perspective view of a built sub-assembly according to another embodiment;

[Fig. 12]: a partially exploded perspective view of a furniture subassembly according to one embodiment, the furniture subassembly being an armchair;

[Fig. 13]: a partially exploded perspective view of a furniture subassembly according to another embodiment, the furniture subassembly being a coffee table;

[Fig. 14]: a partially exploded perspective view of a furniture subassembly according to another embodiment, the furniture subassembly being a stool;

[Fig. 15]: a partially exploded perspective view of a furniture subassembly according to another embodiment, the furniture subassembly being a bench.

For greater clarity, identical or similar elements are identified by identical reference signs in all of the figures.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF AN EMBODIMENT

Referring to Figure 1, is illustrated a construction element 10 according to the invention having the shape of a parallelepiped brick. This construction element 10 is made of a material 1 comprising a composite structure comprising on the one hand, a reinforcement 2 based on textile and, on the other hand, a matrix 3 based on glue of animal origin and / or vegetable. In general, the matrix 3 has a mass representing at least 10%, preferably at least 15% and at most 30%, preferably at most 25% of the total mass of the dry product. The material 1 is made from the product described below which gives it its essential characteristics after transformation by a suitable manufacturing process. The construction element 10 forming the brick here consists of said material 1 and is obtained by successively implementing several steps, one of the first steps of which is to prepare a product, that is to say the starting product, which is intended to be transformed for the manufacture of the material 1, which comprises, on the one hand, a reinforcing component, intended to form a reinforcement 2, based on textile and, on the other hand, a matrix component , intended to form a matrix 3, comprising a glue of animal and / or plant origin.

The construction element shown in Figure 1 is in particular a brick 10, intended for use in a subassembly 100 frame or furniture such as a wall or a partition in combination with other bricks 10 of the same nature. These bricks are made of said material and are in one piece so that the manufacture of the material and of the construction element is concomitant here.

First, regarding the textile reinforcement component intended to form the reinforcement 2, it can take the form of pieces of textile, fibers and / or a textile-based powder. The use of pieces is preferred to obtain a material with better structural resistance. In this case, the pieces of textile all have an area of between 1mm2 and 225cm2, preferably between 1mm2 and 100cm2. Indeed, the pieces are chosen so as to be large enough to confer increased resistance to the material but small enough to be able to be placed in a mold 210 to allow the manufacture of the material 1 and that the finish of said material 1 obtained is better. However, the use of powder is preferred for applications that promote aesthetics and where the structural problem is not important. In this case, the powder is formed of grains having a characteristic dimension, ie a diameter in the case of grains of perfectly spherical shape, less than 2 mm.

Such pieces of textiles forming reinforcement 2 are obtained by grinding used clothes so as to recycle them, and preferably only by this grinding. In the case of pieces of fabric, just grinding the material, and not just fraying it, saves time and technique. Unraveling requires indeed a large factory with a machine with a large surface area, using a plurality of different grinding systems one after the other, in order to go from the garment to the increasingly fine grind up to the unraveling. A simple grinding reduces the size of the production line and allows the textile to be grinded in one step.

Still with a view to respecting environmental constraints, the textile is composed of natural fibers such as cotton, linen, wool, and / or hemp. A majority cotton content can be chosen for these insulating characteristics. Of course, the matrix component can comprise textiles of several types, for example mixing cotton, linen and wool. The matrix component can also include unnatural fibers such as polyester or viscose fibers. The invention offers a recycling alternative to such materials.

As regards the matrix component intended to form the matrix 3, it is a matrix component made from glue of animal origin, in particular a glue based on casein. It should be noted that the active ingredients of the glue of animal and / or vegetable origin, other than casein, can make up the matrix component and can be used in an alternative or complementary manner. However, these glues do not provide the same characteristics. A binder based on corn starch, rice starch, and / or potato starch, for example, makes it possible to obtain a building element or material which is solid but which takes up moisture. The use of wood glue results in a building component that crumbles and decomposes after drying, which is not desired.

A first example of a matrix component intended for use in a product for the manufacture of a brick 10 as a building element is as follows:

40 g of dehydrated casein immersed in 100 g of water to make it swell, ie a mass of casein of 140 g; 62.5g of lime, preferably slaked, mixed with the casein until a thick, smooth and elastic paste is obtained;

5g of Borax (sodium borate) mixed with a small dose of water to dissolve it then add to the previous preparation, for example 100gr of water, and mix until a completely homogeneous paste is obtained; and

500g of water to dilute the glue and make it more easily impregnated in the textile reinforcement component.

The manufacturing process implemented according to the embodiment described below makes it possible to manufacture four bricks 10 at a time, therefore all these ingredients must be multiplied by four. It is also preferred to mix the ingredients in this precise order namely: casein with lime, then add borax, and finally dilute the matrix component.

In general, the method of manufacturing the material 1 constituting the construction element 10 comprises the following steps: preparation of the product; filling at least one mold 210 with the prepared product; compressing the prepared product placed in said mold 210; and drying.

Once the matrix component has been obtained, the textile-based reinforcing component is coated and embedded in said matrix component so that the pieces of textile forming reinforcement 2 are arranged homogeneously in the composition intended to form the matrix 3. The homogeneity of the concentration of the reinforcing component in the matrix component, and more generally in the product, ensures homogeneity of the composite structure of the material obtained. The pieces of textile are also arranged in all directions to obtain an isotropic material. Thus, to finalize the preparation of the product, the reinforcing component formed by the pieces of textile is mixed with the previously produced dose of glue forming the matrix component 3, then the mixture is kneaded so that all the fabrics of the component of reinforcement are impregnated. The casein glue forming the matrix component must be sufficiently liquid to properly impregnate the fabric, hence the importance of diluting the glue with water, or even in a complementary or alternative manner with the glue recovered from the compression step. which will be described below.

In some cases, additives may be added to the product in addition to the other components, in particular in the matrix component. These additives can be color pigments, or any other additive which can give the material made from the product a characteristic for a particular use, for example. However, in this case, the proportions of the components remain generally the same. Preferably, any variation in the proportions due to an addition of additive is less than 1%, and preferably 0.5%.

In some cases, additives in suitable proportions can be used in addition in the matrix component. These additives must be in a sufficiently low quantity so as not to substantially modify the composition of the product.

In this example, it will be noted that the brick 10 as illustrated in FIG. 1 comprises a reinforcing component having a mass of 400 g of textiles and that the matrix component according to the example detailed above represents a mass of 807.5 g which represents a proportion of matrix component proportionally greater than that of the reinforcing component since it represents approximately two thirds of the total mass of the product intended for the manufacture of a brick, ie approximately 67%. In general, it will be noted that the matrix component represents at least 55%, preferably at least 60% and at most 80%, preferably at most 75% of the mass of the product. After compression and drying, this ratio will change.

Then, there is the process of filling at least one mold 210 with the prepared product. Note that the mold 210 may not be filled with the product already formed, but in this case it can be filled with the reinforcing component then with the matrix component, or else with the matrix component then with the reinforcing component. However, in these two cases there is a risk that the reinforcing component is not sufficiently well impregnated. In the case where several molds are used at the same time, care must be taken to uniformly fill said molds 210 with the product composed of textiles coated with glue. The uniformity of the distribution between the different molds 210 is important so that the resulting construction elements 10 are as identical as possible with regard to their dimension in the direction of compression. When the mold (s) 210 are filled with the product, said product which is placed in the mold 210 is then compressed.

An embodiment of a device 200 for implementing the manufacturing process, and in particular the compression step, is illustrated in more detail in Figures 3 to 6. [0056] The device 200 comprises a frame 201 on which is mounted a platform 202 for depositing several molds 210 there. Four molds 210 are here positioned on the platform 202 and secured together in order to facilitate handling. The 210 molds are made of aluminum and polyoxymethylene (POM). The molds 210 are oriented vertically, that is to say they each have side walls 211 having a closed contour in a horizontal plane and opening out on an upper end 212 and on a lower end 213. Each mold 210 comprises a bottom 214 movable in translation in the mold 210 and guided in an adjusted manner with the side walls 211.

The device 200 further comprises, an upper compression mechanism 230 disposed vertically above the platform 202, and a stripper mechanism 240 disposed vertically below the platform 202.

The stripper mechanism 240 is in particular configured to eject the product after its compression by the upper compression mechanism 230. The device 200 is configured so that the product inside the mold 210 is compressed between the upper compression mechanisms 230 and the stripper mechanism 240.

The compression mechanisms 230 and stripper 240 each include a cylinder 221, 231 so that the device 200 forms a double-acting press. The two cylinders 221, 231 are aligned along the vertical axis in this example and each directed towards the platform 202, namely a compressor cylinder 221 above, and a stripper cylinder 231 below.

The mold 210 remains fixed to the frame 201 of the press via the platform 202, and it is the cylinders 221, 231 which together compress the material forming the product. Each bottom 214 of the molds 210 is pierced, to allow the casein glue forming the excess matrix component to pass through, which then flows into a collecting tank placed under the press (not shown here).

After the molds have been filled, and using the upper hydraulic cylinder 221 of 20 tons in this example, an upper punch 222 descends while being driven at a distal end of said cylinder, enters the mold 210 and comes crush material at the bottom of mold 210. After punch 222 has completed its compression stroke, the bricks will remain crushed for a predetermined period of about 30 minutes. This will give them a firmer, denser look and more defined edges / angles than if they were squeezed and ejected directly. This predetermined period of time may obviously vary so as to be adapted to a possible different composition of the desired material or to obtain different properties.

During compression, the excess matrix component, namely casein glue, is discharged from the underside of the mold 210. It is recovered in the recovery tank placed under the press to be reused to dilute the glue when preparing the product.

The device 200 as illustrated is manual and each of the compression mechanisms 230 and stripper 240 can be actuated by a mechanism actuation 240 controlled by a gripping arm 241 forming a lever arm. Of course, the compression mechanisms 230 and stripper 240 can be connected to an air compressor or to a hydraulic unit (not shown), in order to automate the compression and / or the ejection.

The device 200 is particularly suited to the implementation of the manufacturing method described above, and differs from known mechanisms such as presses for mud bricks or terracotta bricks. In fact, textile materials are very absorbent and the casein glue forming the matrix component must be able to escape, here through the holes provided in the bottoms of the molds 210. The stripper mechanism 240 also makes it possible to ensure the ejection of the mold. the construction element in a secure manner, the brick being fragile at this stage of manufacture, before drying and allows the construction element to be properly held in place during the extraction after the compression step.

Indeed, once the compression is complete, the material must be ejected from the molds 210. For this, it is necessary to control the upper hydraulic cylinder 221 so that the upper punch 222 rises and opens the associated mold 210. Then, using the lower hydraulic cylinder 231, also of 20 tons, the upper punch 232 rises, and the bricks 10 come out of their mold 210 from the top, passing through the upper end emerging from the mold 210. It is then sufficient to the operator to slide the bricks one by one towards him in order to recover them.

Once the compression step is complete, the bricks 10 are dried. During a first drying phase, each brick 10 is placed on a preferably flat support configured so that said material does not adhere to the support. This first sentence lasts for example 24 hours. In a second drying phase, each brick obtained is left to dry on a perforated support such as a rack, to allow better cold and homogeneous drying, by natural ventilation. A brick 10 is completely dry after about two weeks. These times may vary depending on the desired building element and its dimensions. Of course, other drying methods can be implemented to improve production. After drying, a material is obtained so that the matrix has a mass representing at least 10%, preferably at least 15% and at most 30%, preferably at most 25% of the total mass of the dry product . In the present case, the matrix represents 20% of the load, 80% of the mass of the product corresponding to the mass of the textile reinforcement component.

It will be noted that the shape of the bricks 10 forming building elements may vary, for example to take the form of plates or blocks. Of course, the shape of the mold and its orientation can then change to suit the shape of the desired brick.

Finally, the construction elements 10 are assembled together to form a built sub-assembly 100. The compressed block can be available in different formats. It can be structural, and assembled in staggered rows, like a traditional brick, to make a wall. The assembly is done dry, without joints. The bricks 10 can be screwed to each other in order to put them in compression. A system with tie rods, such as metal tie rods, for example steel, which would pass vertically through several bricks, for example connecting a floor to a ceiling in the case of a partition, and spaced a predetermined distance so as to be distributed evenly over the length of the partition, for example every 1 or 2m in the length of the wall 100 to be produced. Such a system of tie rods (not illustrated) makes it possible to produce partitions prestressed in compression.

The brick 10 or paving stone can also be declined in decorative facings (that is to say much thinner - non-structural plates) and be glued directly to the surface (concrete, wood, cardboard).

In both cases, whether the built sub-assembly is structural or decorative, the brick also forms a thermal and acoustic insulator.

Of course, the composition of a brick can be made to vary significantly. A second example of a matrix component for use in a product for the manufacture of a brick 10 as a building element is as follows: 60 g of dehydrated casein immersed in 240 g of water to make it swell, ie a mass of casein of 140 g;

70g of lime, preferably slaked, mixed with the casein until a thick, smooth and elastic paste is obtained;

10g of Borax mixed with a small dose of water to dissolve it then add to the previous preparation and mix until a completely homogeneous paste is obtained; and

500mL of water to dilute the glue and make it more easily impregnated in the textile.

In this example, it will be noted that the brick 10 comprises a reinforcing component having a mass of 400g of textiles and that the matrix component according to the example detailed above represents a mass of 980g which represents a proportion of matrix component proportionately greater than that of the reinforcing component since it represents approximately 71% of the total mass of the product intended for the manufacture of a brick 10.

Of course, multiple matrix component compositions are possible still based on casein glue. For example, the mass intervals for the manufacture of a building element 10, such as a brick, can vary as follows:

Active principle of the glue of vegetable and / or animal origin, for example milk casein being a casein-based glue: between 40 and 80g if it is dehydrated, or by mixing it with a quantity of water equivalent to about three times the mass of dehydrated casein, between 180g and 320g of casein;

Lime: between 50 and 100g, it being understood that the matrix component comprises a predetermined quantity of lime corresponding preferably to about a quarter of the mass of casein (hydrated). The lime makes it possible in particular to make the glue, in particular the casein-based glue, insoluble;

Antioxidant, for example borax: between 5g and 20g;

Water to dilute the glue: between 300g and 1kg.

In general, a mixture will be chosen to manufacture the matrix component including:

The natural active principle of the plant and / or animal glue, namely casein in the case of a casein glue, represents at least 10%, preferably at least 20% and at most 75%, preferably at most 40 % of the mass of the matrix component; and / or the lime represents at least 1%, preferably at least 5% and at most 20%, preferably at most 10% of the mass of the matrix component; and / or the antioxidant, here borax, represents at least 0.1%, preferably at least 0.5% and at most 5%, preferably at most 1.5% of the mass of the matrix component

In another configuration illustrated in Figures 2A and 2B, the building element has a shape configured to be able to be attached to another building element 10 of the same shape, this by simple cooperation of shape. In this configuration, the brick 10 of parallelepiped shape has tenons 11 on its upper face 10A, here two in number, and on its lower face 10B mortises 12, of complementary geometry to the tenons 11, in identical number, ie two. Of course the number of tenons 11 and mortises 12 may vary, as can be seen in Figures 7 to 11. It is also possible to design construction elements with only tenons 11 or with only mortises 12.

Figures 7 to 11 illustrate partially exploded perspective views of subassemblies built according to different embodiments of partitions. In each of these examples the bricks 10 are superimposed so that at least one of the tenons 11 of a lower brick 10 cooperates with a mortise 12 of an upper brick. Preferably the bricks are superimposed in a manner offset vertically with respect to one another. Such cooperation of form offers a simple and removable fixing means to form the partition, but also economical because the assembly of the bricks 10 to form the sub-assembly 100 frame does not require the use of an additional material. Of course, depending on the use, different and complementary fixing means can be used.

In these various Figures 7 to 11 the bricks are assembled in a significantly different way, but can of course be complementary: the partitions can be formed of two adjoining partitions, the thickness of which therefore corresponds to the width of two bricks 10 ( figure 7), the partition may be substantially arched (figure 8), or have superimpositions forming different patterns (figures 9, 10, 11)

The building elements 10 such as bricks having these characteristics can be used for many uses.

In an interior space for example, the textile bricks 10 can be assembled by forming frame sub-assemblies in order to partition sub-spaces by making partitions for example. Depending on the characteristics of the material used, this partitioning is not only physical but also acoustic and thermal. The bricks 10 make it possible to partition the spaces physically and acoustically. The bricks 10 provided with a textile reinforcement are acoustically insulating, thanks to the cotton. In addition, the natural binder used forming the matrix makes them waterproof.

Furthermore, the arrangement of the construction elements makes it possible to create at least locally sub-assemblies 100 forming perforated partitions to allow light to pass (FIG. 9).

The bricks 10, made of recycled clothing, are acoustically insulating, thanks to the cotton. In addition, the natural binder used makes them waterproof. They can then be used to mount partitions within our homes. The color of partitions is infinitely variable, depending on the color of the clothes collected. In addition, they can be plain or patterned.

In the case of colors, these can be obtained in different ways. Regarding the product, an additive can be added to the matrix component such as a pigment. A step of sorting and selecting textiles, such as collected and recycled clothing, results in a material with a reinforcement of a predetermined color. Such a selection and sorting step is particularly advantageous in that it does not require any additional additives, nor the use of an additional product such as a paint which could also be used to paint the material produced.

[0085] For example, these recycled clothing bricks 10 can be assembled to make picture rails, benches or armchairs within an exhibition space. The picture rails are made with neutral colors, to highlight the works contained in this space. From time to time bricks 10 withdraw to create exhibition niches, rather for small sculptures.

Such construction elements can also be used outdoors, for example furniture such as seats on a beach or on the terrace.

The recycled textile bricks forming the building elements 10 can also be used to create sense-sets 100 of custom furniture, as illustrated in Figures 12 to 15.

With their different sizes, the bricks 10 can be adapted to all types of spaces, to create all the necessary furniture. These pieces of furniture can be a type of armchair (figure 12), a type of coffee table (figure 13), a stool (figure 14), or even a bench (figure 15).

In general, the material according to the invention allows the manufacture of more insulating partitions than a standard BAI 3 type plaster wall, used in most constructions today. It is a material with a very low carbon impact, which makes it one of the very advantageous building materials for the future. The fact that the binder, that is to say the matrix, or its matrix component, is ecological, non-polluting and makes the material more resistant to fire gives it a definite advantage over the known solutions of the prior art, including a large majority use resins such as epoxy resins, an extremely energy-intensive heating system (to melt the material), or even chemical additives to make the materials used for the design of a building element flame retardant

The material according to the invention is therefore a 3-in-1 material (structural, insulating and aesthetic) which makes it possible to produce partitions but also furniture, or any other object, the difference residing mainly in the modification of the mold of device 200.

[0092] Of course, the invention is described in the foregoing by way of example. It is understood that a person skilled in the art is able to achieve different embodiments of the invention without departing from the scope of the invention.

Claims

1. Product intended to be transformed with a view to the manufacture of a material intended in particular for construction, the product comprising a reinforcing component, intended to form a reinforcement, based on textile and a matrix component, intended to form a matrix, comprising a glue of animal and / or vegetable origin, the matrix component representing a mass, in proportion to the mass of the product, greater than that of the reinforcing component, the product being characterized in that the matrix component represents at least 55%, preferably at least 60% and at most 80%, preferably at most 75% of the mass of the product.

2. Product according to claim 1, characterized in that the glue is of animal origin, preferably a casein-based glue.

3. Product according to claim 2, characterized in that the matrix component comprises a predetermined amount of lime, preferably slaked lime, the predetermined amount of lime preferably corresponding to about a quarter of the mass of casein.

4. Product according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the matrix component comprises a predetermined amount of an antioxidant, such as borax, the antioxidant preferably representing at least 0.3%, preferably at least. minus 0.5% and at most 3.5%, preferably at most 1.5% of the total mass of said matrix component.

5. Product according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the textile reinforcement component comprises pieces of textile and / or fibers and / or a textile-based powder, preferably arranged homogeneously in the composition. intended to form the matrix.

6. Product according to claim 5, characterized in that the pieces of textile all have an area of between lmm2 and 225cm2, preferably between lmm2 and 100cm2, the pieces of textile preferably resulting from the sole grinding of clothing.

7. Product according to claim 5, characterized in that the powder is formed of grains having a characteristic dimension of less than 2 mm.

8. Product according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the textile is composed of natural fibers, preferably cotton, linen, wool, and / or hemp.

9. A method of manufacturing a material (1) intended in particular for construction, the manufacturing method comprising at least the following steps: preparation of a product according to one of claims 1 to 8, this preparation preferably comprising a step of preparing the matrix component comprising a glue of animal and / or vegetable origin, then a step of coating the textile-based reinforcing component with the matrix component; filling at least one mold with the prepared product; compression of the product placed in the mold; and - drying, until a material is obtained so that the matrix has a mass representing at least 10%, preferably at least 15% and at most 30%, preferably at most 25% of the total mass of the product dry.

10. The manufacturing method according to claim 9, characterized in that the step of preparing the matrix component comprises one or more of the steps of: mixing casein with lime in a predetermined amount; add borax to the mixture of casein and lime, preferably dissolved beforehand in water; then make up with a liquid such as water to dilute the mixture.

11. Material (1) intended in particular to form a construction element, the material being obtained by the manufacturing process according to claim 9 or 10, the material comprising a composite structure comprising a reinforcement (2) textile-based and a matrix (3) based on glue of animal and / or plant origin, the matrix (2) having a mass representing at least 10%, preferably at least 15% and at most 30%, of preferably at most 25% of the total mass of the dry product.

12. Construction element (10) such as a brick, intended to be used in a sub-assembly (100) frame or furniture such as a wall or a partition, characterized in that it is in one piece and comprises a material. (1) according to claim 11, preferably the building element consists of said material.

13. Subassembly (100) frame or furniture such as a wall or a partition, characterized in that it comprises a plurality of construction elements (10) according to claim 12, in one piece and fixed to each other.