RU206658U1 - Construction 3D printer print head for printing multi-layer walls - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model relates to the field of mechanical engineering and the construction industry. The print head of the construction 3D printer for printing multi-layer walls is designed for printing (layering) with construction materials. The objects to be printed can be buildings, structures and various building structures. The supply of building materials from the print head is carried out through nozzles. The presence of at least three nozzles in the print head of a construction 3D printer allows printing multilayer walls. The design of the print head allows you to change the number, size and location of nozzles depending on the project of the printed object. Mortar based on cement, gypsum or clay is supplied from the outer nozzles, thereby printing the inner and outer (front) parts of the wall. Thermal insulation material is supplied through the central nozzle, which can be used as polyurethane foam. Polyurethane foam is pre-mixed from components "A" (polyol) and "B" (isocyanate). As it expands, it fills the space between the inner and outer parts of the wall, forming an insulating layer. Due to the presence of at least three nozzles in the print head, the productivity of a construction 3D printer is increased.

Description

From the prior art, a printhead for construction 3D printers is known, designed for the manufacture of building structures, including for the construction of residential buildings, buildings and structures for various purposes, the structure of which contains 4 extruders (see RF patent No. 198857, class IPC E04G 21/16, publ. 07/30/2020, bul. No. 22). The disadvantage of this design is that printing is performed only with a construction mixture and the supply of heat-insulating material through the print head is not provided. The subsequent application / supply of thermal insulation material is performed manually, which increases the cost and construction time.

Also known from the prior art is a printhead for construction 3D printers, designed for the manufacture of building structures, including for the construction of residential buildings, buildings and structures for various purposes. The design of the print head contains at least a pair of extruders, the movement mechanism of each of which is made in the form of a manipulator, which is a system of movably connected with multiple degrees of freedom (see RF patent No. 188386, class IPC B33Y 30/00, publ. 09.04.2019, bulletin No. 10). The disadvantage of this design is that it consists of many moving elements. This increases the likelihood of breakdown and the repair time. In addition, the large length of the arms - manipulators makes it difficult to accurately position them. And also, the design does not provide for the supply of heat-insulating material through the print head. The subsequent application / supply of thermal insulation material is also done manually, which increases the cost and construction time.

The technical task of the claimed utility model is to eliminate the shortcomings of the prototype, increase the productivity of a construction 3D printer by using several nozzles for printing multilayer walls and automating the process of applying / supplying heat-insulating material during the printing process.

The technical result of the claimed device is the creation of a printing head for a construction 3D printer, which has increased productivity due to its equipping with an automated device for applying / supplying heat-insulating material and several nozzles for supplying mortar.

The specified technical result is achieved due to the fact that the print head for a construction 3D printer contains at least three nozzles. Thermal insulation material is supplied through one nozzle. Polyurethane foam can be used as such a material. Polyurethane foam is premixed from components A (polyol) and B (isocyanate). Through the remaining nozzles, the mortar is supplied, thereby printing the inner and outer (front) parts of the wall. The space between the inner and outer parts of the wall is filled with thermal insulation material. Thus, the possibility of printing multi-layer walls is achieved. The automated process of applying / supplying heat-insulating material will contribute to better insulation of the wall, as well as reduce the time and cost of construction.

In particular, the print head is designed in such a way that the nozzle extruders are quick-detachable and can be quickly replaced if necessary. Each extruder is independent and controlled separately. The automated device for applying / supplying thermal insulation material is also quick-detachable and controlled separately.

The utility model is illustrated by drawings, which show:

FIG. 1 is a general view of the print head from the front;

FIG. 2 is a general view of the print head in working condition;

The figures indicate: 1 - storage capacity; 2 - extruder No. 1; 3 - nozzle of extruder No. 1; 4 - branch pipe of component "A" (polyol); 5 - branch pipe of component "B" (isocyanate); 6 - polyurethane foam mixer; 7 - extruder No. 2; 8 - nozzle of extruder No. 2; 9 - nozzle of the polyurethane foam mixer; 10 - the top layer of the mortar of the outer (front) part of the wall; 11 - the top layer of the mortar of the inner part of the wall; 12 - the inner part of the wall; 13 - heat-insulating material (polyurethane foam); 14 - outer (front) part of the wall.

The utility model works as follows. The printhead is mounted to a 3D printer rotary device (shown in the drawing), which is responsible for moving and rotating the printhead. Pipelines for supplying mortar (not shown in the drawing) are connected to the print head, extruder 2 with nozzle 3 and extruder 7 with nozzle 8 are mounted. Dimensions of extruders and nozzles are selected based on the dimensions of the printed object. The pipelines for supplying component "A" (polyol) and component "B" (isocyanate) are connected to branch pipes 5 and 6. Next, the model of the printed object is loaded into the software (software) that controls the 3D printer. Before printing, the pump fills the storage tank 1 with mortar. Then the screws of extruders 2 and 7 begin to rotate, supplying the mortar from the storage tank 1 to the nozzles 3 and 8. After the mortar starts to be supplied from the nozzles 3 and 8, the print head starts to move. The software controls the speed of rotation of the screws of each extruder separately. During the movement of the print head, mortar is supplied from nozzles 3 and 8, thereby printing the inner and outer (front) parts of the wall. After printing one layer, the print head rises to the height of the layer and printing continues. Further, after printing a certain number of layers (determined by the software), a signal is sent to the polyurethane foam mixer 6, through the pipes 4 and 5, component "A" (polyol) and component "B" (isocyanate) are supplied to mixer 6, while printing does not stop. In the mixer 6, the components are mixed, as a result of which a mixture of components "A" and "B" is supplied from the nozzle 9. The mixture of components enters the space between the inner and outer (front) parts of the wall and foaming occurs. As a result of foaming of components "A" and "B", polyurethane foam is formed. The lifting height of the polyurethane foam does not exceed the height of the printed layers. Filling with polyurethane foam can be performed both continuously, during the entire printing process, and intermittently, after printing a certain number of layers. If necessary, reinforcement or mesh is laid to connect the internal and external (front) parts of the wall.

EFFECT: increased productivity of a construction 3D printer is achieved by equipping the print head with an automated device for applying / supplying heat-insulating material and several nozzles for supplying mortar. And the ability to install a different number and size of extruders with nozzles in the print head allows you to print multi-layer walls of various sizes.

Claims (1)

A print head for a construction 3D printer, containing at least two extruders with nozzles for printing the inner and outer parts of the wall with mortar, characterized in that it contains at least three nozzles, one of which is made in the form of a device for the automated application / supply of heat-insulating material, which consists of two nozzles for supplying components "A" - polyol and "B" - isocyanate, mixer and nozzle, to ensure simultaneous printing with mortar and heat-insulating material.

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