RU2704995C1 - Method of erecting concrete wall, working member of construction 3d printer and concrete wall - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: construction.

SUBSTANCE: group of inventions relates to construction and is intended for production of building structures. Method of erecting a concrete wall, through which a plastic solution of artificial stone material is layer-by-layer extruded through a nozzle of construction 3D printer to form outer and inner layers of wall, wall is reinforced and cavity between external and internal layers of wall is filled with heat-insulating material. After extrusion of at least one layer of plastic mortar of artificial stone material, which forms the outer and inner layers of the wall, these layers of the wall prior to rejection of the extruded layer are connected by a flexible continuous reinforcing rope and fixing the flexible reinforcing rope in these layers of the wall by alternate reclamation thereof in at least one fresh extruded layer of the artificial stone material solution, and formed cavity between outer and inner sides are filled with heat insulating material, then process is repeated cyclically. Working member of construction 3D printer and a concrete wall made using the method described above are also described.

EFFECT: technical result is higher efficiency of erection of building walls from reinforced concrete.

15 cl, 27 dwg

Description

The group of inventions relates to the construction industry and is intended for the manufacture of building structures, including for the construction of residential houses, buildings and structures for various purposes.

A multilayer concrete wall is known comprising an external and an internal wall, between which a heater is placed, the external and internal walls being connected in layers by reinforcing elements placed in planes perpendicular to the wall enclosing surfaces. and reinforcing elements located in the planes of the wall. (RF patent for utility model No. 4313, IPC EV04/84, publ. 16.06.1997)

The disadvantage of this technical solution is the lack of design flexibility, since the connections are made in the form of rods. In addition, this design does not provide for the possibility of manufacturing a wall construction 3D printer.

There is a method of wall construction, in which a plastic solution of artificial stone material is extruded through the nozzle of a building printer onto the external and internal sides of the wall, the wall is reinforced and the cavity between the external and internal sides of the wall is filled with insulating material. However, this method is implemented separately by a device for the manufacture of concrete walls - a 3D building printer - a 3D printing robot EP 2610417 Mcl B29C 47/92; B29C 65/52; B29C 67/00; E04G 21/22, publ. 2013-07-03, containing a bridge crane, on the beam of which a working body is placed with the possibility of horizontal and vertical movement, which contains a vertically mounted nozzle of rectangular cross-section of the material supply, configured to extrude the material through the outlet and capture for the reinforcing element and install it in constructed wall (extruded material) in a vertical position, a robotic device for filling the cavity with insulation (Patent US 2013295338 IPC V28V 19/003; V28V 19/004, publ. 2013-11-07).

A common drawback of these technical solutions is limited functionality, since the devices do not allow the manufacture of building walls from reinforced concrete, fill them with insulation and perform rough finishing of the facility under construction.

The technical problem to which the proposal is directed is to create a wall structure, a method of erecting this wall and the working body of a 3D building printer, which allows efficiently manufacturing the walls of a building from reinforced concrete and roughing the walls of the building under construction with one 3D building printer.

To solve this technical problem, a method for constructing a concrete wall is proposed, according to which a plastic solution of artificial stone material is extruded through the nozzle of a 3D building printer to form the outer and inner layers of the wall, the wall is reinforced and the cavity between the outer and inner layers of the wall is filled with heat-insulating material, after extrusion at least one layer of plastic mortar of artificial stone material forming the outer and inner layers of the wall, these layers of the wall are cured The extruded layer is joined with a flexible continuous reinforcing cable and the flexible reinforcing cable is fixed in these layers of the wall by alternately recessing it in at least one freshly extruded layer of a solution of artificial stone material, and the formed cavity between the outer and inner sides is filled with heat-insulating material, then the process is cyclically repeated, flexible the reinforcing cable in the outer and inner layers of the wall can be fixed with brackets and pre-impregnated with a curing compound.

The working body of the 3D building printer used in the method of erecting a wall is mounted on a rotary table with the possibility of rotation around a vertical axis, contains a nozzle assembly with a rectangular outlet and processing units for the wall being constructed, the nozzle channel is bent to the side opposite to the direction of the working movement the working body of the building 3D printer, and the processing units of the constructed wall include a reinforcement supply unit with a container for the reinforcing adhesive composition and a reel unwinder and at least one grout assembly. The side walls of the nozzle can be made of a rectangular U-shaped section and pivotally mounted on axes perpendicular to the planes of the upper and lower walls of the nozzle of a rectangular section and connected to a pivot-rack movement mechanism with an autonomous drive., And at least one eccentric vibrator is attached to the nozzle, the axis of which is perpendicular to the vertical plane of symmetry of the nozzle, a hole can be made in the bend of the nozzle in communication with a screw seal or a hole in communication with a plunger seal and the grout unit contains a trowel disk mounted on a lever on a horizontal axis, connected by a belt drive to an electric motor, the lever is pivotally attached to the base and connected via a gearbox to the clamp electric motor mounted on the base or mounted on the vertical axis of the trowel cylinder connected by a belt drive with by an electric motor, the lever is pivotally attached to the base and through a gearbox is connected to the clamp electric motor mounted on the base, and the valve supply unit contains on vertical guides, a carriage with a displacement drive, on which a vertically mounted hollow needle, a pressure roller, an electric broach and an impregnation tank of reinforcement are fixed with an adhesive composition, moreover, an anchor clogging block containing a base and installed in vertical guides firing pin with electric drive and an anchor staple drive attached to the base.

The concrete wall erected by the proposed method contains the outer and inner concrete layers formed by layer-by-layer laying through the nozzle of a 3D building printer a plastic solution of artificial stone material and insulation placed in the cavity between them, the outer and inner layers of the wall being layered in layers in the form of a flexible continuous cable placed in planes perpendicular to the enclosing surfaces of the wall and in the planes of the outer and inner sides of the wall inside the outer and inner layers of the wall, in which the flexible cable is made of metal or polymer.

The invention is illustrated by drawings, which show non-exclusive examples of the proposed working body of the building 3D printer, which allows you to erect the proposed wall of the proposed method.

In FIG. 1 shows a variant of the integrated layout of the working equipment of a construction 3D printer, FIG. 2. - unregulated print head of rectangular cross section, in FIG. 3 and 4 — an adjustable rectangular print head; FIG. 5 and 6 show a printhead of a printer with a vibratory compaction of a mixture; FIG. 7 and 8 - print head of the printer with the supply and sealing of the working mixture with a plunger, in FIG. 9 and 10 - a print head with feeding and sealing the working mixture with a screw; in FIG. 11 and 12 - node supply of reinforcement, in FIG. 13 - reel unwinder, in FIG. 14 and 15 show the process of reinforcing walls; FIGS. 16 and 17 show an example of deep multi-layer wall reinforcement; FIG. 18, 19, 20 - node block driving anchor brackets, in FIG. 21 - anchor bracket, in FIG. 22 and 23 - disk grouting unit, in Figs 24 and 25 - drum grouting unit, in Fig. 26 - an example of the process of wall grouting with a disk grouting unit, in Fig. 27 is an example of a construction 3D printer layout.

The figures indicate: a rotary table 1, a vertical axis 2 of the rotary table 1, a nozzle assembly 3 with a rectangular outlet 4, a reinforcement supply assembly 5, an adhesive container 6, a reel unwinder 7 with a reinforcing cord 8. The side walls 9 of the nozzle are pivotally mounted on axes 10, perpendicular to the planes of the upper and lower walls of the nozzle of rectangular cross section and connected to the articulated rack mechanism 11 for movement with an independent drive 12, eccentric vibrators 13, electric motor 14, V-belt drive 15 for eccentric vibrators ov 13, the bend 16 of the nozzle, the plunger 17, the gear motor 18, the crank mechanism 19 of the drive of the plunger 17, the screw 20, the gear motor 21 of the drive of the screw 20 with a reaction rod 22. The disk unit grout (Fig. 22 and 23) contains the trowel disk 25 mounted on the lever 23 on the horizontal axis 24 is connected by a belt drive 26 to the electric motor 27, the lever 23 is pivotally attached to the base 28 and connected through the worm gear 29 to the clamp electric motor 30 mounted on the base 28, the balancing spring 31 balances the weight of the disk unit grout, grout a slave 32 (Figs. 24 and 25) is connected by a belt drive 33 to an electric motor 34, a lever 35 is pivotally attached to the base 36 and, via a worm gear 37, is connected to the clamp electric motor 38 mounted on the base 36, the balancing spring 39 balances the weight of the trowel with the trowel 32 , reinforcement supply unit (Fig. 11 and 12) contains vertical guides 40, a carriage 41 with an electric motor 42 with a ball screw drive 43 for moving the carriage 41, a hollow needle 44, a pressure roller 45, a broaching roller 46 with an electric drive 47, a tank 48, an anchor clamp blocking unit (Fig. 18 , 19, 20) contains a base 49, guides 50, a drummer 51, an electric drive 52 of the drummer 51 and a drive 53 of anchor brackets, a reel unwinder (Fig. 13) contains a frame 54; 55 reel with fittings; a slider 56 with a nozzle 57, a lead screw 58 for moving the slider 56; an electric motor 59 of the drive of the slider 56, a worm gear 60 of the rotation drive of the reel 55, an electric motor 61 of the rotation drive of the reel 55.

The working body of a construction 3D printer can be mounted on any type of existing machine platforms, such as portal, tower-boom, delta-shaped, as well as on the basis of robotic manipulators. An example of a portal platform diagram is shown (Fig. 27). This layout option allows the use of a single coordinate system for processes that are not aligned in time, performed by different nodes of the working body. All processes are performed by the corresponding nodes, which are controlled by the CNC (not shown). The portal of the construction robot printer (Fig. 27) contains a rod 62, working equipment of a 3D construction printer (Fig. 1), the upper crossbar 63; rack 64; rail beams 65; portal carriage 66; the carriage 67 of the rod 62, the mobile silo 68; mortar mixer 69, mortar pump 70, concrete batch 71. Position 72 marks the wall being constructed.

The working body of the construction 3D printer is suspended on the rod 62 and has the ability to move in three planes and rotate around its own vertical axis. The rod 62, mounted on the carriage 67, has the ability to move vertically and along the transverse axis of the printer through the portal. The portal has the ability to move vertically relative to the uprights 64. The carriages 66 of the portal move the printer along the longitudinal axis of the printer along the rail beams 65.

The device operates as follows:

The working mixture for printing is supplied to the working body of the 3D building printer from the mortar pump 70 along the concrete ducts 71. The printing process is the extrusion of the working mixture according to the specified CNC coordinates.

The nozzle assembly 3 with an unregulated outlet 4 of a rectangular nozzle section allows you to create different textures for printed designs, or can be used to print structures that do not require technologically different print widths, and the nozzle assembly 3 with an adjustable outlet 4 of a rectangular section (Fig. 3 and 4) allows programmatically print the working layer with different cross-sectional sizes.

By the type of supply to the nozzle of the working mixture can be:

1. Direct feed from mortar pump 70 to the nozzle. Compaction of the mixture is ensured by a smooth narrowing of the nozzle section.

2. The feed with the mixture is sealed with vibrators 13. The mixture is sealed by smoothly narrowing the nozzle section, as well as by vibration. The vibratory compaction printhead is shown in FIG. 5 and 6. Eccentric vibrators 13 through a V-belt drive 15 are driven in rotation from an electric motor 14.

3. The supply and sealing of the working mixture with a plunger feed (Fig. 7 and 8). The working mixture is fed through a concrete conduit 71 and pushed by a plunger 17 into the nozzle. The drive of the plunger 17 provides the gear motor 18 through the crank mechanism 19.

4. The supply and sealing of the working mixture with a screw feed, (Fig. 9 and 10). The working mixture is fed through a concrete conduit 71 and pushed by a screw 20 into the nozzle. The auger 20 is driven by a gear motor 21 with a reaction rod 22.

The feed node of the reinforcement (Fig. 11, 12) provides a connection between the facing and the supporting layers of the outer walls, as well as the horizontal reinforcement of the walls and works as follows:

As a reinforcing material, a glass cord with a cross section of 4-8 mm impregnated with an adhesive can be used. Impregnation with adhesive is carried out inside the tank 48. The reinforcement is supplied from the reel unwinder 7 (Fig. 13). As a reinforcing material, other braided or knitted cables from roving, synthetic fiber materials with their adhesive impregnation or metal cables without impregnation can be used.

The reinforcing cord 8 is passed between the pinch roller 45 and the pulling roller 46 with the electric drive 47 through the tank 48 and the hollow needle 44. The adhesive 48 from the container 6 is fed into the tank 48. The working member of the 3D building printer is lowered along the bar 62 to the needle 44 with the reinforcing cord 8 into the plastic layer of freshly laid concrete. The end of the reinforcing cord 8 is fixed in the concrete body. Then, the working member of the 3D building printer is lifted along the bar 62 and moved to the next fixation point, while the reinforcing cord 8 is fed through the pressure roller 45, the pulling roller 46 with electric drive 47 and the needle 44. The working member of the 3D building printer is again lowered until the needle is buried 44 reinforcing cord 8 into a plastic layer of freshly laid concrete. The reinforcement process is cyclically repeated, (Fig. 14, 15). At the end of the reinforcement process, cut the reinforcing cord 8. The reinforcement process occurs in isolation from other processes (not combined in time with other processes).

Anchor brackets (Fig. 21) are pre-installed on the drive 53 anchor brackets. The drummer 51 with electric drive 42 in the vertical guides 50 drives the anchor staples into a plastic layer of freshly laid concrete.

Grouting the wall of freshly laid concrete with the grout disk unit (Figs. 22 and 23) is carried out by the grout disk 25, which is rotated by the electric motor 27 through the belt drive 26. The lever 23 attached pivotally to the base 28 provides a clamp, the force of which is created by the electric motor 30 with the gear 29.

Drum grouting unit (FIGS. 24 and 25) - works in the same way: The grouting drum 32 is rotationally driven by an electric motor 34 through a belt drive 33. The lever 35 attached pivotally to the base 36 provides a clamp, the force of which is created by an electric motor 38 with a worm gear 37.

Grouting can be carried out both from one side and simultaneously from two sides.

The technical result of the proposal is the effective manufacture of the walls of the building from concrete with reinforcement and rough walls of the constructed facility.

The applicant manufactured and successfully tested prototypes of the proposed working body of the building 3D printer.

The specific examples of embodiments disclosed above are provided for purposes of illustration and description. They should not be construed as exhaustive or limiting inventions specifically disclosed forms, it should be understood that various modifications and changes are possible, resulting from the disclosed in the present description of the idea of inventions. The scope of protection is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims (15)

1. A method of erecting a concrete wall, according to which a plastic solution of artificial stone material is extruded through the nozzle of a 3D building printer to form the outer and inner layers of the wall, the wall is reinforced and the cavity between the outer and inner layers of the wall is filled with heat-insulating material, characterized in that after extrusion at least one layer of a plastic solution of artificial stone material forming the outer and inner layers of the wall, these layers of the wall until the extruded layer cures Connects the flexible continuous reinforcing rope and fix the flexible wire reinforcing layers in these walls alternately waterboarding it in at least one layer svezheekstrudirovannom artificial stone material solution and the cavity formed between the outer and inner sides is filled with a heat insulating material, and then the process is repeated cyclically. 2. The method of erecting a wall according to claim 1, characterized in that the flexible reinforcing cable in the outer and inner layers of the wall is fixed with brackets 3. The method of erecting a wall according to claim 1, characterized in that the flexible reinforcing cable is pre-impregnated with a curing composition. 4. The working body of the building 3D printer used in the method of erecting a wall according to claims 1 to 3, mounted on a rotary table with the possibility of rotation around a vertical axis, comprising a nozzle assembly with an outlet of rectangular cross section and processing units of the constructed wall, characterized in that the nozzle channel is bent to the side opposite to the direction of the working movement of the working body of the building 3D printer, and the processing units of the constructed wall include a reinforcement supply unit with a container for the reinforcement adhesive urs and bobinorazmotchikom and at least one troweling assembly. 5. The working body of the building 3D printer according to claim 4, characterized in that the side walls of the rectangular nozzle are made in a U-shaped section and pivotally mounted on axes perpendicular to the planes of the upper and lower walls of the rectangular nozzle and are connected to the articulated rack-and-pinion movement mechanism with autonomous drive. 6. The working body of the building 3D printer according to claim 4, characterized in that at least one eccentric vibrator is attached to the nozzle, the axis of which is perpendicular to the vertical plane of symmetry of the nozzle. 7. The working body of the building 3D printer according to claim 4, characterized in that a hole is made in the bend of the nozzle in communication with the screw seal. 8. The working body of the construction 3D printer according to claim 4, characterized in that a hole is made in the bend of the nozzle in communication with the plunger seal. 9. The working body of the 3D building printer according to claim 4, characterized in that the grout assembly comprises a grout disk mounted on a lever on a horizontal axis, connected by a belt drive to an electric motor, the lever is pivotally attached to the base and connected via a gearbox to a clamp electric motor mounted on basis. 10. The working body of the 3D building printer according to claim 4, characterized in that the grout assembly comprises a trowel mounted on a lever on a vertical axis, connected by a belt drive to an electric motor, the lever is pivotally attached to the base and connected via a gearbox to the hold-down electric motor mounted on basis. 11. The working body of the 3D building printer according to claim 4, characterized in that the reinforcement supply unit comprises a carriage mounted on vertical guides with a displacement drive, onto which a vertically mounted hollow needle, a pressure roller, an electrically driven broaching roller and an adhesive impregnation tank of reinforcement are fixed composition. 12. The working body of the construction 3D printer according to claim 4, characterized in that the anchor bracket driving unit is fixed on the carriage of the reinforcement supply unit, comprising an anchor staple mounted in vertical guides and an anchor stapler attached to the base. 13. The concrete wall erected by the method according to claim 1, characterized in that it contains external and internal concrete layers formed by layer-by-layer laying through the nozzle of a 3D building printer a plastic solution of artificial stone material and insulation placed in the cavity between them, with external and internal the layers of the wall are connected in layers by reinforcement in the form of a flexible continuous cable placed in planes perpendicular to the enclosing surfaces of the wall and in the planes of the external and internal sides of the wall inside the external the inner layers of the wall. 14. The wall according to item 13, wherein the flexible cable is made of metal. 15. The wall according to item 13, wherein the flexible cable is made of polymer.

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