JP7055015B2 - Construction method of laminated structure - Google Patents

Description

The present invention relates to a method for constructing a laminated structure, and more particularly to a method for constructing a laminated structure having a wall structure using a 3D printing technique (3D printer).

In recent years, in the construction field, a construction method for constructing while laminating structures using 3D printing technology has been developed. The material is basically a cement-based material, and the mortar kneaded with a mixer is pumped and supplied to the three-dimensional construction device. The supplied cement-based material is discharged from the tip of the nozzle of the 3D construction device, and the nozzle moves in the X, Y, and Z directions so as to stack and construct the 3D data of the pre-read structure, thereby forming the structure. To construct. Construction of structures with high construction accuracy mainly requires the development of materials with high self-sustaining performance, the development of machines such as nozzle position accuracy / speed, and discharge rate, and the structures constructed against various external forces. Structural performance is required so that (structural type) can exhibit sufficient strength.

Since Japan is one of the world's leading earthquake-prone countries, high structural performance is required especially for seismic force. Most of the conventional 3D printing techniques construct the structure by laminating cement-based materials, so that they can resist the compressive force. However, since a tensile material such as a reinforcing bar is not inserted, sufficient strength cannot be obtained with respect to the tensile force. Further, since it has a laminated structure, it takes time to stack the mortar, and there is a concern that the adhesive force may decrease between the layers. Various countermeasures have been proposed for such inconveniences (see Patent Document 1 and Patent Document 2).

The technique described in Patent Document 1 relates to a method for constructing a structure, and is a technique for constructing a three-dimensional structure using a 3D printer. The construction method of this structure is an outer frame portion construction step of constructing an outer frame portion that surrounds the hollow space portion and has a shape corresponding to at least a part of the outer frame of the target structure, and an outer frame portion construction step. It includes a reinforcement step for reinforcing the outer frame portion constructed in the frame portion construction process. That is, the outer frame portion is first constructed, and then the reinforcing core material is inserted. In addition, a post-tension method is adopted in which prestress is applied to the reinforcing core material to release tension after the outer frame portion has hardened.

The technique described in Patent Document 2 relates to a method for manufacturing a laminated structure by laminating cement-based materials. In this method for manufacturing a laminated structure, a setting retarder layer having a setting delaying ability for delaying the setting time of the cement-based material is provided between the layers of the cement-based material . That is, it is a method of aiming to integrate with the next layer by spraying a condensation retarder between the layers of the cement-based material to delay the condensation time.

Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2015-186851 Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2017-119360

As described above, in the technique described in Patent Document 1, a reinforcing core rod is inserted after constructing a formwork using a 3D printing technique, and finally a reinforcing material is filled to integrate the structure. However, in the technique described in Patent Document 1, since there are various types of work to be performed such as construction of formwork, insertion of reinforcing core material, and filling of reinforcing material, it is rational for automated construction. It is hard to say that it is a construction method.

Further, the technique described in Patent Document 2 can be said to be a rational construction method in terms of integrating the laminated structure, but no tensile material is inserted to the last, and improvement in tensile force cannot be expected. ..

The present invention has been proposed in view of the above circumstances. The present invention is to construct a laminated structure by ejecting materials from a discharge nozzle and laminating them, and by applying prestress to the laminated structure, it resists tensile force. It is an object of the present invention to provide a method for constructing a laminated structure that can be used.

The method for constructing a laminated structure according to the present invention has the following features in order to achieve the above-mentioned object. That is, the method for constructing a laminated structure according to the present invention is a method for constructing a laminated structure having a wall-type structure by laminating materials, and a material for creating a laminated structure from a discharge nozzle is used. While discharging, the discharge nozzle is moved to control the amount of material discharged from the discharge nozzle and the movement of the discharge nozzle, and the materials are laminated in a layered manner to form an inner wall portion, an outer wall portion, and a reinforcing portion. .. The reinforcing portion is a portion that connects the inner wall portion and the outer wall portion by continuously ejecting the material while reciprocating the discharge nozzle in the gap between the inner wall portion and the outer wall portion. Then, a tension material is arranged in the gap of the wall-type structure composed of the layered inner wall portion, outer wall portion, and reinforcing portion so as to vertically traverse the wall-type structure, and after the material is cured, the tension material is preliminarily applied to the tension material. It is characterized by giving stress. To prestress the tension material, apply tension to the tension material and then fasten it via a jig to release the tension.

Further, in the method for constructing the laminated structure described above, the reinforcing portion has a wavy shape, a rectangular wavy shape, or a triangular wavy shape connecting between the inner wall portion and the outer wall portion, and leaves a gap for arranging the tension material. It is possible to form like this.

Further, in the above-mentioned method for constructing a laminated structure, a sheath tube is installed so as to vertically traverse a wall-type structure composed of a layered inner wall portion, an outer wall portion, and a reinforcing portion, and a tension material is inserted into the sheath tube. Is possible.

According to the method for constructing a laminated structure according to the present invention, a tension material is arranged so as to vertically traverse a layered material, and tension is applied to the tension material to release the tension force, thereby preliminarily applying to the wall member. It is possible to apply stress (compressive force) and resist the tensile force generated by an earthquake or the like.

The block diagram which shows the apparatus structure of the construction apparatus used in the construction method of the laminated structure which concerns on embodiment of this invention. A perspective view of a construction device and a discharge nozzle using a robot arm. A perspective view of a construction device using a gantry crane. The perspective view (1) which shows the construction procedure of a laminated structure. FIG. 2 is a perspective view showing a procedure for constructing a laminated structure. FIG. 3 is a perspective view showing a procedure for constructing a laminated structure. The perspective view (4) which shows the construction procedure of a laminated structure. FIG. 5 is a perspective view showing a procedure for constructing a laminated structure. FIG. 6 is a perspective view showing a procedure for constructing a laminated structure. FIG. 7 is a perspective view showing a procedure for constructing a laminated structure. FIG. 8 is a perspective view showing a procedure for constructing a laminated structure. FIG. 9 is a perspective view showing a procedure for constructing a laminated structure. FIG. 10 is a perspective view showing a procedure for constructing a laminated structure. FIG. 11 is a perspective view showing a procedure for constructing a laminated structure. FIG. 12 is a perspective view showing a procedure for constructing a laminated structure. FIG. 13 is a perspective view showing a procedure for constructing a laminated structure. FIG. 14 is a perspective view showing a procedure for constructing a laminated structure. FIG. 15 is a perspective view showing a procedure for constructing a laminated structure. FIG. 16 is a perspective view showing a procedure for constructing a laminated structure.

Hereinafter, a method for constructing a laminated structure according to an embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. 1 to 19 show a method of constructing a laminated structure according to an embodiment of the present invention, FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing an apparatus configuration of a construction apparatus, and FIG. 2 is a construction apparatus using a robot arm and FIG. A perspective view of the discharge nozzle, FIG. 3 is a perspective view of a construction device using a portal crane, and FIGS. 4 to 19 are perspective views showing a construction procedure of a laminated structure.

<Outline of construction method of laminated structure>
In the method for constructing a laminated structure according to an embodiment of the present invention, a discharge nozzle for discharging a material (mortar) is moved to discharge the material (mortar) from the discharge nozzle, and the material (mortar) is controlled to be discharged. After constructing a laminated structure (wall type structure) having a desired shape and disposing a tension material (PC steel rod) so as to vertically traverse the layered material (mortar), the material (mortar) is cured. Tension is applied to the tension material (PC steel rod). As shown in FIG. 1, the construction device 200 used in the construction method of this laminated structure includes a discharge nozzle 10, a moving device 20, and a control device 30 as main components. Further, as shown in FIG. 3, equipment such as a material (mortar) supply device 11 and a storage device 12 for constructing a laminated structure is connected to the discharge nozzle 10.

<Discharge nozzle>
The discharge nozzle 10 according to the present embodiment is designed to discharge a cement-based material (mortar). The tip of the discharge nozzle 10 shown in FIG. 2B is bent by about 90 °, but the tip may not be bent, the tip may be bent at another angle, or the bending angle may be changed. It may be adjustable. Further, the direction of the discharge nozzle 10 may be vertical or horizontal.

Further, as shown in FIG. 3, a supply device 11 for supplying materials and a material storage device 12 are connected to the discharge nozzle 10. The mortar can be branched from the pressure feed pump and pumped to the discharge nozzle 10.

<Construction material>
Further, as the material to be discharged from the discharge nozzle 10, it is preferable to use a mortar having high self-sustaining property and thixotropy property. Although not shown, the mortar is charged into a mixer for kneading, and then charged into a pressure pump and pumped to the discharge nozzle 10. The pressure feed pump is preferably designed so that the mortar does not harden by stirring the mortar with a crushing blade.

The construction material to be discharged from the discharge nozzle 10 is not limited to mortar, and may be any material as long as it can be constructed using 3D printing technology.

<Moving device>
The moving device 20 is a device for moving each discharge nozzle 10 as a unit, and for example, the robot arm 22 shown in FIG. 2 and the portal crane 21 shown in FIG. 3 can be used. The moving device 20 may be any device as long as the discharge nozzle 10 can be moved, and the portal crane 21 or the robot arm 22 may be used alone or in combination of both. Alternatively, another moving device 20 may be used.

The control device 30 is a device for controlling the amount of material discharged from the discharge nozzle 10 and the movement of the discharge nozzle 10 by the moving device 20 in order to form a laminated structure having a desired shape. The control device 30 transmits control signals to a computer operating according to a program and each device, and also stores transmission / reception means for receiving operation signals for grasping the state of each device, and various data. Various devices for computer-controlling the construction device 200, such as a storage means, an input means for inputting / outputting data, and an output means, are attached.

<Construction method of laminated structure>
As shown in FIGS. 4 to 19, the method for constructing a laminated structure according to an embodiment of the present invention is a laminated structure (wall type) in which mortar 40 is laminated by a 3D printing technique using the above-mentioned construction apparatus 200. It is a construction method for constructing a structure). In this construction method, the mortar 40 is layered by controlling the step of moving the discharge nozzle 10 while discharging the mortar 40 from the discharge nozzle 10, the discharge amount of the mortar 40 from the discharge nozzle 10, and the movement of the discharge nozzle 10. A step of arranging the PC steel rod 50 as a tensioning material so as to vertically traverse the layered mortar 10 and applying tension to the PC steel rod 50 after the mortar 40 is cured is included. ..

At this time, it is preferable to install the sheath pipe 51 so as to vertically traverse the layered mortar 40, and insert the PC steel rod 50 into the sheath pipe 51. The wall-type structure formed of the mortar 40 includes an inner wall portion 40a, an outer wall portion 40b, and a reinforcing portion 40c. The reinforcing portion 40c is a portion constructed between the inner wall portion 40a and the outer wall portion 40b, and the mortar 40 is continuously reciprocated while the discharge nozzle 10 is reciprocated in the gap between the inner wall portion 40a and the outer wall portion 40b. By discharging the mortar, the inner wall portion 40a and the outer wall portion 40b are connected to each other. In the present embodiment, the reinforcing portion 40c has a curved wavy shape, but if the inner wall portion 40a and the outer wall portion 40b can be connected to each other, the reinforcing portion 40c may have any shape such as a rectangular wavy shape or a triangular wavy shape. good.

<Construction procedure for laminated structures>
An embodiment of the construction procedure of the laminated structure will be described with reference to FIGS. 4 to 19. After creating the foundation beam and slab 60 on the first floor (Fig. 4), mortar is discharged onto the slab 60, and the outer wall portion 40a, the inner wall portion 40b, and the reinforcing portion are sequentially discharged from the first layer to the upper layer. 40c is created (FIGS. 5 to 7).

Then, in the process of creating the outer wall portion 40a, the inner wall portion 40b, and the reinforcing portion 40c, the wall portion avoiding the window frame 90 is created (FIG. 8). Subsequently, after installing the window frame 90, an outer wall portion 40a, an inner wall portion 40b, and a reinforcing portion 40c are created on the upper portion of the window frame 90 to complete the creation of the first floor portion (FIGS. 9 and 10).

Subsequently, the sheath pipe 51 is inserted into the gap between the laminated reinforcing portions 40c, and the PC steel rod 50 is inserted into the sheath pipe 51 (FIG. 11). Further, as shown in FIG. 4, the slab 60 is provided with a coupler 70, and the lower end portion of the PC steel rod is connected (screwed) to the coupler 70. Further, although not shown, a coupler for connecting the PC steel rods on the second floor is installed at the upper end of the PC steel rods.

On the second floor, a deck slab 110 is installed on the upper part of the first floor, and the mortar 40 is discharged to construct the floor slab 120 (FIGS. 12 and 13). After installing the deck slab and the slab bar as in the conventional method, the floor slab may be constructed by pouring high-fluidity concrete. Further, a floor slab manufactured as a precast member may be installed. Then, in the same manner as the first floor portion, the outer wall portion 40a, the inner wall portion 40b, and the reinforcing portion 40c of the second floor portion are constructed, and the deck slab is installed (FIG. 14). Subsequently, the RF slab 130 is waterproofed and the finishing material 140 is applied (FIG. 15). FIG. 16 shows the internal structure of the laminated structure excluding the mortar portion. As shown in FIG. 16, the sheath pipe 51 and the PC steel rod 50 are provided so as to penetrate the deck slab 110, the floor slab 120, and the RF slab 130 upward from the slab 60. Further, a grout material is filled between the sheath pipe 51, the outer wall portion 40a, the inner wall portion 40b, and the reinforcing portion 40c, and the sheath pipe 51 is fixed in the wall structure.

Then, when the curing of the laminated structure is completed, a bearing plate 80 that can protrude through the upper end of the PC steel rod 50 is installed on the RF slab 130 (FIG. 17), and each PC steel rod 50 A jack 100 is connected to the upper end portion (FIG. 18), and a nut (not shown) is tightened to the upper end portion of the PC steel rod 50 in a state where the PC steel rod 50 is tense. After that, prestress (compressive force) is applied to the wall member by releasing the tension force. After that, a grout material (not shown) is filled in the sheath pipe 51, and the sheath pipe 51 and the PC steel rod 50 are fixed by the grout material. FIG. 19 shows the internal structure of the laminated structure. As shown in FIG. 19, a sheath pipe 51 and a PC steel rod 50 are provided inside a wall-type structure made of mortar 40.

After the above-mentioned treatment is completed, the outer wall portion is waterproofed and a finishing material (not shown) is applied. After that, the laminated structure is completed through a completion inspection and the like regarding predetermined control items. In the above-mentioned example, a two-story laminated structure is constructed, but the laminated structure to be constructed may be one-story or three-story or more.

10 Discharge nozzle 11 Supply device 12 Storage device 20 Mobile device 21 Gate type crane 22 Robot arm 30 Control device 40 Mortar 40a Inner wall part 40b Outer wall part 40c Reinforcement part 50 PC steel rod 51 Sheath pipe 60 Slab 70 Cubler 80 Pressure plate 90 Window Frame 100 Jack 110 Deck slab 120 Floor slab 130 RF slab 140 Finishing material 200 Construction equipment

Claims (3)

It is a construction method for constructing a laminated structure with a wall-type structure by laminating materials.
Move the discharge nozzle while discharging the material for creating the laminated structure from the discharge nozzle.
By controlling the discharge amount of the material from the discharge nozzle and the movement of the discharge nozzle and laminating the materials in a layered manner , an inner wall portion, an outer wall portion, and a reinforcing portion are formed.
The reinforcing portion is a portion that connects the inner wall portion and the outer wall portion by continuously ejecting the material while reciprocating the discharge nozzle in the gap between the inner wall portion and the outer wall portion.
A tension material is arranged in the voids of the wall-type structure composed of the layered inner wall portion, the outer wall portion, and the reinforcing portion so as to vertically traverse the wall-type structure, and after the material is cured, the tension material is used. Prestress,
A method for constructing a laminated structure, which is characterized in that. The reinforcing portion has a wavy shape, a rectangular wavy shape, or a triangular wavy shape connecting between the inner wall portion and the outer wall portion, and is formed so as to leave a gap for arranging the tension material.
The method for constructing a laminated structure according to claim 1. A sheath tube is installed so as to vertically traverse the wall-type structure including the layered inner wall portion, the outer wall portion, and the reinforcing portion, and a tension material is inserted into the sheath tube.
The method for constructing a laminated structure according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the laminated structure is constructed.

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