FR3012156A1 - MODULAR CONSTRUCTION WITH METALLIC FRAMEWORK - Google Patents

Abstract

Modular type construction comprising a metal frame with elongate elements assembled to each other and associated with panels (24 to 28) (wall, floor, ceiling, roof), characterized in that it comprises at least one module comprising: three parallel and spaced frames, each formed of at least two parallel vertical lateral uprights (17B, 18B) (18B, 19B) (19B, 20B) - a horizontal transverse spar (17C, 18C, 19C, 20C) the three frames defining and a front face, two side faces, a rear face, a ceiling face (18) and a floor face (8), in that it further comprises at least two connecting elements / joining a frame to the next, and in that the spacing between two consecutive frames in a direction parallel to the floor and the lateral faxes, is such that at least one pan part separating two frames in said direction, the floor and the ceiling / roof are susceptible to to be associated to panels, windows, doors or the like.

Description

The present invention relates to a construction, particularly of residential, tertiary, industrial type of modular type, comprising a metal frame in the form of longilinear profiles, assembled in rectangle or square, to each other, to form the framework and framework of the construction.

The frame and / or the frame is then associated with and / or covered with panels intended to constitute the walls and / or the ceiling and / or the roof of the building. The term "modular" is understood to mean the possibility of constructing a unitary module, as mentioned above, which can be used either alone or associated with other similar or comparable or identical modules, so as to achieve a construction overall or alone, thus comprising several modules, the ones associated with each other in the same plane, offset along at least one direction of said plane, or even arranged one above the other to form stages. The most common and simple type of such modular construction is used on construction sites as an office or temporary home, in the form of parallelepipedic boxes, associated with each other and stacked on top of each other. Furthermore, there are many systems or manufacturing processes of modular construction, including residential use, and with wood frames, or metal frames, prefabricated factory and installed on site).

Such modular constructions must meet various and contradictory requirements. They must at the same time: - be easy to assemble, both in terms of the assembly of the different elements, as well as the simplicity of the structure itself, which should theoretically require no or low competence in building. - Being capable of being mounted by one or two persons if necessary, which supposes that each individual element, such as beam, spar, panel, etc., must be sufficiently light and compact to be handled by one or two person (s) easily without lifting device. - Resisting bad weather, not only rain, but also wind, snow and all other external constraints tending to deform or even break the construction. - Allow the possibility of various assemblies of modules, in terms of combinations and associations of modules together, while presenting a pleasant overall aesthetic appearance. - Respect the environmental constraints related to construction materials without sacrificing the quality and in particular the strength of the construction. Modular constructions, especially for residential or office use, of known type, do not allow to optimally reconcile these different constraints. The present invention aims to achieve an optimal compromise of these constraints and proposes a modular construction for home use and / or office, metal frame, and also the method of producing the latter. To this end, according to the invention, the modular type of construction, particularly for use as a dwelling and / or office, comprising a metal frame comprising elongated elements or longiformes assembled to each other and may be associated with panels, for forming sections of the construction, such as wall, floor, ceiling or roof, is characterized in that it comprises at least one module comprising: - three parallel and spaced frames, each formed by at least two amounts parallel vertical sides; a horizontal transverse spar the three frames thus defining a front face, two lateral faces, a rear face, a ceiling face and a floor face, in that it furthermore comprises at least two connection / joining elements connecting a frame; to the following, and in that the spacing between two consecutive frames in a direction parallel to the floor and to the lateral faxes, is such that at least one pan part separating two frames in said direction, the floor and the ceiling / roof are likely to be associated with panels, windows, doors or the like.

The construction of the invention advantageously comprises two modules with two of their lateral faces facing and contiguous, offset in a direction in the plane of said face and parallel to the ground, by a distance at most equal to the distance between a frame of the next, or a distance at most equal to the distance separating a first from a third consecutive frames. The two-module common side panel portions are devoid of panels, and are either left free or associated with windows or doors. According to a preferred embodiment, each module has three frames, is of parallelepipedal shape, and has two large rectangular sides, and two sides are rectangular or square. The construction also comprises a base comprising: a lattice formed of assembled sections, of shape and surface corresponding to the footprint of the frames associated with the others; - Plugs likely to be placed on or anchored in the ground, and on which said lattice rests at the vertical uprights of the frames. The adjustable pads or foundation are for example twelve in number and reinforced concrete. The profiles and rails are made of aluminum. The panels, rectangular in shape, consist of composite materials associated with a metal core, aluminum or wood or any other similar material. By way of non-limiting example, the external dimensions of each module are: - 3.80 meters in width; - 5,10 meters in length, - 3,435 meters in height.

The dimensions of the frames as an example are 1.575 mx 3.5 m for the first and third frames, while the second, in the middle, has a dimension of 1.64 mx 3.5 m.

The panels of the lateral faces have dimensions of example of 3.5 m × 1 m. The vertical supports consist of hollow metal profiles of dimension 60 x 120 mm (thickness 4 mm).

A vertical element is connected to a horizontal element of the same frame via: - a housing forming double or triple sleeve in which are likely to be inserted with friction the ends of said vertical supports and transverse longitudinal members; - or plates or angles with bolts. The arrangement and the length of the vertical supports is such that a weak slope, less than 5 °, preferably of the order of 2 °, is provided for the upper transverse beams to bear the roof. The panels forming the roof comprise an aluminum foil adhered to a panel of insulating composite material including non-flammable lamellar mineral wool.

The dimensions of the roof panels are 3.51 mx 1 m. The invention will be better understood in the light of the following description relating to illustrative but nonlimiting examples, based on the appended drawings in which: FIG. 1 is a view of a floor surface on which twelve basement studs for the construction of the invention.

Figure 2 shows the pads of Figure 1 on which the quadrangular base mesh. Figure 3 is a perspective view of the base of Figure 2 on which are fixed four parallel vertical frames and spaced.

Figure 4 shows the structure of Figure 3 on which are fixed transverse beams to connect a frame to the next frame. Figure 5 is a view of the construction of Figure 4 on which have been reported and fixed panels forming the floor on the one hand and the roof on the other. Figure 6 is a view of the construction of Figure 5 on which there are reported outer walls in the form of panels.

Figure 7 is a perspective view of an example of an interior of a module. Figure 8 shows a construction consisting of three modules, two of which are contiguous in the same horizontal plane, while the third is superimposed on one of the two modules. Figure 9 is a side view of another example of a module.

Figure 10 is a perspective view of three modules contiguously next to each other and horizontally offset. Figure 11 is a front perspective view of another example of a module of the invention. Figure 12 is a perspective view of two superposed modules; and offset in a horizontal plane.

Referring to Figure 1, there is shown schematically and for the purposes of illustration, the ground or a support 1, substantially horizontal, limited by a horizon 2, and showing part of the sky 3. On the ground 1 are arranged concrete blocks or bases, rectangular parallelepiped and flattened, square (or rectangular). In the example shown, twelve pads are indicated, namely, four parallel rows of three aligned pads, respectively: - 4A, 4B, 4C - 5A, 5B, 5C - 6A, 6B, 6C - 7A, 7B, 7C The pads are uniformly distributed so as to form for the pads 4A, 4B, 4C a front segment, the four pads 4A, 5A, 6A and 7A defining a first side wall segment, while the pads 4C, 5C, 6C and 7C form a segment corresponding to a second side wall, and finally the three pads 7A, 7B, 7C form a segment corresponding to the rear of the future construction. The studs have a dimension in this case of 30 cm x 30 cm x 6 cm. FIG. 2 shows the studs of FIG. 1, in the same situation, on which are laid, and fixed in a manner known per se, elongated elements in the form of hollow metal profiles, preferably 60 x 60 mm. The set of these profiles constitutes the floor support structure 8, and thus comprises four parallel longitudinal members 9, 10, 11, 12 along lateral sides, on the one hand, and four parallel transverse crosspieces, referenced 13, 14, 15, and 16, of dimensions 60 x 60 mm (thickness 4 mm), and length of 350 cm. The rails 9 to 12 and the crosspieces 13 to 16 are arranged so as to form three rectangular frames, for example 1575 x 3500 mm in size, for the front frame and the rear frame, while the median frame has a dimension of 1640 mm. x 3500 mm. The rails 9 to 12 and the crosspieces 13 to 18 of the floor support structure 8 are assembled in known manner and not shown, for example by sleeves and boxes of complementary shapes at the ends of the longitudinal members and cross members, said sleeves and housings being held by screws, bolts or rivets. The structure 8 thus has a length, in the sense of the lateral sides of the structure of 4800 mm, and a width, in the direction of the front and rear sides of the construction, of 3500 mm. This floor support structure 8 is intended to receive and support floor panels as described later.

FIG. 3 shows the support studs and the floor structure of FIG. 2 on which complementary elements in the form of inverted U-shaped arches or gantries have been reported. four, namely, 17, 18, 19 and 20, arranged parallel to each other in planes parallel to the front and rear faces of the structure. Each gantry consists of two parallel vertical uprights resting on the end pads on each side, on the one hand, and a longitudinal beam or crossbar connecting the free ends of the two vertical uprights. Thus, the front gantry 17 consists of two lateral uprights 17A and 17B, and a horizontal transverse spar 17C. For each gantry, each transverse spar is attached to the upper free ends of the two lateral vertical uprights, junction boxes known per se. Thus, the T-shaped housings 17D and 17E provide the connection between the lateral uprights 17A and 17B and the transverse spar 17C. The front gantry 17 rests by the lower end of the lateral uprights 17A and 17B, on the end pads 4A and 4C.

It is the same portals 18, 19 and 20 which proceed from the same principle of alphanumeric referencing. Thus, the structure as shown in FIG. 3 comprises four inverted U-shaped parallel gantries or arches whose opening is turned towards the ground. FIG. 4 shows the structure of FIG. 3, in which the gantries or arches 17, 18, 19 and 20 are connected to each other via each of three spacers, namely: a first lateral strut respectively 21A, 22A and 23A; a second lateral spacer 21B, 22B and 23B, respectively; A median spacer respectively 21C, 22C and 23C. The three lateral and median spacers are respectively collinear and parallel to the lateral faces of the structure. The median spacers are fixed to the corresponding crosspieces (17, 18, 19, 20) via U-shaped housings or sleeves, known in themselves and which are not described in more detail. The first and second lateral struts are fixed on the junction boxes of each gantry (17, 18, 19, 20) by means of U-shaped housings or sleeves, known in themselves and which are not described. more in detail. The vertical uprights 17A, 17B, 18A, 18A, 18B, 19A, 19B, 20A, 20B of the gantries are hollow metal sections 60 × 120 mm (thickness 4 mm), and have a height of 300.05 cm. the amounts of the series referenced B (on one side of the construction) and 287.87 cm for the amounts of the series referenced A (on the other side of the construction). This difference in height allows for a roof with a slight slope. The ends of said uprights 17 to 20 are bevelled at 45 °. The upper longitudinal members or rails 17, 18, 19 and 20 of the gantries also consist of hollow metal sections 60 x 120 mm (thickness 4 mm) and have a length of 350.21 cm. . The ends of these rails or sleepers are beveled at 45 °. The spacers 21, 22 and 23 consist of hollow metal sections of 50 mm x 80 mm (4 mm thick), and a length of 1510 mm. Their ends are cut at right angles. The vertical side uprights, the spacers, the longitudinal members consist of hollow metal profiles, preferably of aluminum, and may have any shape of section (square, rectangular, round, etc.), with a rectangular section being preferred. In Figure 5, is shown the structure of Figure 4 on which are reported plates or panels, respectively for the floor, and the ceiling or roof. The panels constituting the floor are made of thermally insulating rigid material, have a size of 100 x 3500 x 1000 mm in this case. In the example of FIG. 5, the floor panels are five in number, arranged side by side along their largest dimension (in planes parallel to the rear and front plan of the structure). The floor panels are referenced 24 to 28. The ceiling structure also comprises panels substantially of the same dimensions as those of the floor, and arranged in the same manner, and in this case referenced 29 to 33.

Finally, as shown in Figure 6, partially, are reported and fixed on the structure of Figure 5 outer panels for constituting the walls of the structure. These outer panels have dimensions in example 10 shown, 100 x 5100 x 1000 mm. These panels have thermal insulation properties, and if possible phonic, and are also waterproof. FIG. 6 shows a particular example where, for reasons of clarity and illustration of the method of the invention, the entire side face is covered with panels, while the rear face, the front face and the other side face are covered only partially, defining openings. Figure 7 shows a particular and non-limiting example of an interior arrangement of the structure of Figure 6, incorporating furniture, windows (second side face), and a door visible on the rear face. Figures 8 to 12 show exemplary embodiments of structures of the invention consisting of two or more associated modules arranged side by side. FIG. 8 shows a structure composed of two modules I and II arranged one against the other along one of their lateral faces, which is therefore common, and a module III arranged on the module II, the ceiling of the latter corresponding to the floor of the upper module III. The common faces between two modules are provided with openings 5 formed between the vertical uprights of one and the same lateral face (modules I and II), and / or between the spacers and the transverse longitudinal members of the respective floor and ceiling of the superposed modules II and II. Figure 9 shows a module side whose edges are rounded.

FIG. 10 schematically shows three modules IV, V and VI, side by side and offset in the plane of their lateral faces, the offset corresponding preferably to twice the spacing between two lateral vertical uprights (17B, 18B, 19B, 20B - Figure 3) of the same face. Said offset is therefore equal to the spacing between the uprights 17B and 19B. In addition, modules IV, V and VI have additional side panels on their front faces and on the roof, creating a veranda.

The module of FIG. 11 represents another variant. FIG. 12 shows two modules VII and VIII one above the other, offset in a transverse direction, the upper module VIII resting on the ground, for the cantilevered part, by piles 34 and 35 .

Claims (10)

REVENDICATIONS1. Modular type construction, particularly for residential and / or office use, comprising a metal frame comprising elongated or longiform elements assembled to each other and may be associated with panels, to form sections of the construction, such as a wall, floor (24 to 28), ceiling or roof, characterized in that it comprises at least one module comprising four parallel and spaced gantries (17, 18, 19, 20) formed lo each of at least two uprights (17B, 18B) (18B, 19B) (19B, 20B) parallel vertical side and a horizontal transverse spar (17C, 18C, 19C, 20C), the gantries thus defining a front face, two side faces, one face rear, a ceiling face (18) and a floor face (8), in that it further comprises at least two spacers (21A, 21B) (22A, 22B) (23A, 23B) connecting a frame to the next , and in that the spacing between two consecutive gantries in a parallel direction the floor and side faxes, is such that at least a portion of pan separating two gantries in said direction, the floor and the ceiling / roof are likely to be associated with panels, windows, doors or the like. 2. Construction according to claim 1, characterized in that it comprises two modules (IV, V) with two of their lateral faces facing and contiguous, offset in a direction in the plane of said face and parallel to the ground, a distance at most equal to the distance separating a gantry from the following, or from a distance at most equal to the distance separating a first from a third consecutive gantry. 3. Construction according to one of claims 1 or 2, characterized in that the side faces common to two modules are devoid of panels, and are then either left free or associated with windows or doors. 4. Construction according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that each module comprises four gantries, is of parallelepiped shape, and has two rectangular sides of large size, and two sides, either rectangular or square. 5. Construction according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it also comprises a base comprising: - a lattice (8) formed of assembled sections (9 to 16), of shape and surface corresponding to the footprint of the gantries associated with others; - Plugs (4A, 4B, 4C, 5A, 5B, 5C, 6A, 6B, 6C) that can be placed on or anchored in the ground (1), and on which said lattice rests at the uprights (17A , 17B) (18A, 18B) (19A, 19B) (20A, 20B) gantries. 6. Construction according to the preceding claim, characterized in that the foundation pads are twelve in number and reinforced concrete. 7. Construction according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the profiles and spars are aluminum. 8. Construction according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the panels, of rectangular shape, consist of composite materials associated with a metal core, aluminum, or wood or any other similar material. 9. Construction according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the outer dimensions of each module are: - 3.80 meters wide; 25 - 5.10 meters in length, - 3,435 meters in height. 10. Construction according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the dimensions of the gantries are 1.575 mx 3.5 m.