FR2928947A1 - WALL, FLOOR OR ROOF PANEL AND CONSTRUCTION SYSTEM HAVING SUCH A PANEL - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a panel (P) for a wall, floor or roof for a modular construction, comprising two plates (1; 2) substantially parallel to one another, at least two elements structural members (3) forming spacers between the plates (1; 2), contiguous along their length to each inner face of the plates (1; 2), characterized in that each structural element (3) is provided with openings (31). The invention relates to a wall, a floor or a roof provided with such a panel. The invention is particularly applicable in the field of wooden constructions.

Description

Wall, floor or roof panel and constructive system provided with such panel. The present invention relates to the field of wooden constructions. The invention relates more particularly to wood-frame panels or wood particles forming wall elements, floor or roof for a modular construction.

There are known in the field of wooden constructions, panels adapted to the production of walls. Known panels consist of two Oriented Strand Board (OSB) side plates held apart from one another so that the space between them can be filled with insulating cellulose fibers. . Such a partition has excellent mechanical strength, has outstanding thermal insulation properties and also uses natural materials for a very reasonable overall cost, which largely explains its current interest and development.

On the other hand, panels suitable for making wooden floors or even roofing are also known.

The known panels are designed and studied for extremely limited applications, either for a wall, for a floor, or for a roof that makes them difficult to use for various implementations and possible uses. Indeed, the mechanical stresses to which the panels are subject differ radically according to their location, vertical or horizontal, which results in a structure and / or sizing specific to each case. The object of the present invention is to overcome all or some of the foregoing disadvantages and to provide a panel having a single structure, suitable for various uses, both for walls as for floors or for roofs. 35 2928947 -2

For this purpose, the invention relates to a wall panel, floor or roof for a modular construction, comprising two substantially parallel plates vis-à-vis one another, at least two structural elements forming spacers between the plates, contiguous on their length to each inner face of the plates, each structural element being provided with openings.

In this way, the panel according to the invention comprises reinforcing means, constituted by the structural elements, allowing its use both within a system of construction of a modular wall, that is to say in a vertical position , within a floor construction system, ie in a horizontal position or even within a roof construction system when the panel is inclined with respect to horizontal or vertical. In vertical position, the structural elements act as poles or posts, guaranteeing the vertical holding of the panel. In horizontal position or in inclined position, the structural elements act as a beam on which the plates rest.

The openings made in the structural elements, on the one hand allow to maintain a relatively small overall weight, and on the other hand to be able to fill the panel with a known insulation material of the natural cellulose fibers type. The openings have the great advantage of being able to introduce in at least two juxtaposed panels, an insulating material, such as cellulose fibers, from an insufflation channel made in a single panel. Indeed, when the panels are juxtaposed slice against slice, the respective openings thereof are located vis-à-vis, so that the respective interior volumes of the panels are placed in communication. The insufflation of cellulose fibers in a panel is propagated in the panel or panels juxtaposed through the openings provided in the structural elements.

According to other features of the panel according to the invention: the structural elements consist of two substantially parallel uprights respectively contiguous to each inner face of the plates, the uprights being kept apart from each other by a series of separators distributed at substantially regular intervals along the length of said uprights, the openings being constituted by the spaces between the separators, the uprights and separators are elements of thickness with respect to their other dimensions, and are interposed between the plates by setting support a zone of their respective slice, - the structural elements have a substantially flat general shape, arranged in respective planes substantially perpendicular to the planes of the plates, - the plates have a generally rectangular shape,

the structural elements are arranged flushly along the long edges of the plates; the plates are made of OSB (Oriented Strand Board),

- The uprights and dividers are made of solid wood,

Each upright and each separator are secured by at least one fastening means such as a fixing screw whose head is embedded in the upright,

the plates have a thickness of between 15 and 20 mm, while the uprights and the separators have a thickness of between 30 and 60 mm,

each panel has a length corresponding to the long edges of the order of 2500 mm, 15 - 4

each panel has a width corresponding to the short edges of between 900 and 950 mm,

each structural element comprises at least three separators,

The invention also relates to a system for constructing a modular wall comprising at least one base shaped to receive by interlocking the lower part of a panel having all or part of the preceding features.

The modular building system also has one or more of the following features:

the base consists of a profile whose section has the general shape of a W,

the free ends of the W envelop the outer faces of the panels of the panel,

The central part of the W penetrates into the internal space delimited by the plates,

the base is metallic,

The base is mounted overlapping on a piece of structure or framework such as a sole or joist,

the panel, the base and the structural or structural part are secured by a threaded rod passing through the panel in the direction of its thickness and cooperating with a nut,

it comprises at least one pole made in a similar way to a panel, each of the plates being replaced by a structural element provided with a pair of uprights and a series of dividers distributed between said uprights, 10 - 5

it comprises at least one cap having the shape of an upside-down base, fitted on the upper part of the panel, symmetrically with the base on which the lower part of the panel is fitted,

- It comprises at least two rows of superimposed panels, the bottom row comprising a cap while the top row comprises a base, said cap and said base being separated from a structural part or frame such as a sole or joist.

The invention further relates to a floor construction system comprising at least one panel having all or part of the preceding features.

The invention will be better understood on reading the description which follows and in the light of the appended drawings in which:

FIG. 1 represents a perspective view of a panel according to the invention, in an application in which it acts as a wall; FIG. 2 represents a view of the wafer, that is to say according to FIG. FIG. 3 shows a view from above of a panel according to FIG. 1, showing only the end edges corresponding to the thickness of the panel. FIG. 4 represents a side view of an assembly of several panels according to FIG. 1; FIG. 5 represents a view from above of a detail of the assembly of several panels according to FIG. joining two panels, 10 20 30 - 6

FIG. 6 is a perspective view of a post integrated into a modular building system according to the invention,

FIG. 7 is a view of the edge of two superimposed panels according to FIG. 1,

FIG. 8 is a view of the edge of a panel according to the invention, in an application in which it serves as a floor, and FIG. 9 is a view of a detail of embodiment of a variant embodiment. of a panel according to Figure 1.

FIG. 1 shows a panel P forming a wall element for a modular construction.

The panel P forms a hollow box. It consists of two plates 1, 2 parallel, vis-à-vis one of the other, of generally rectangular shape. Each plate has a height of the order of 2500 mm, and a width of the order of 900 to 950 mm, for example 926 mm. Their thickness, which is defined as being the smallest dimension of the plates with respect to the other dimensions (length, width) is from 15 to 20 mm, typically of the order of 18 mm. These dimensions are of course given as an indication and may vary without departing from the scope of the invention.

The two plates 1, 2 are secured to one another by structural elements 3 interposed between them. We will see later how the elements are fixed together. The structural elements 3 have a generally flat and elongated overall shape. These structural elements 3 are inscribed in planes substantially perpendicular to the planes defined by each of the plates 1, 2, as can be seen in FIG. 3. In addition, these structural elements 3 are mounted on the opposite long edges of each of the plates, flushly along said edges, so that the panel P viewed from above, in its vertical position, has the general shape of a rectangle (Figure 3) .35 -7

It will be noted that the structural elements 3 form spacers between the plates 1, 2 so as to provide a thickness to the panel P, but also an interior space 4 intended to be filled with an insulating material such as cellulose fibers. . The insufflation of cellulose fibers is effected by an orifice la made in one of the plates 1, 2, generally in height (Figure 4).

According to the invention, the structural elements 3 are provided with at least one opening 31 placing the volume 4 of the panel P in communication with the external medium, or with the internal volume of other panels juxtaposed by their respective slices.

To do this, each structural element 3 comprises two parallel uprights 32 respectively contiguous to each inner face of the plates 1, 2.

As illustrated in Figures 1 and 2, the uprights 32 are kept spaced apart from each other by a series of separators 33 of generally rectangular shape. The separators 33 are arranged at predetermined positions, and distributed at substantially regular intervals along the length of the uprights 32. The openings 31 are formed between the separators 33. The structural elements 3 thus have the general shape of a ladder, whose bars are constituted by separators 33.

The amounts 32 and separators 33 are supported on each other via their surface defining their thickness, that is to say, their smallest dimension. The thickness of the uprights 32 and separators 33, which is defined as being the smallest dimension of the uprights and separators with respect to their other dimensions (length, width) is 30 to 60 mm. The amounts 32 have a length of the order of 2500 mm and a width of the order of 60 to 100 mm. The separators have dimensions of the order of 300 x 180 mm. These dimensions are also given for information only and are in no way limitative.

A structural element 3 may comprise for example five separators 33, as can be seen in FIGS. 1 and 2. The up and down separators are -8

recessed from the upper and lower edges of the panel, so as to form notches 35 as shown in Figure 1.

According to a characteristic of the invention, the plates 1, 2 are in OSB (Oriented Strand Board), while the structural elements 3 are integrally made of solid wood.

Fixing posts 32 and separators 33 is provided by conventional fastening means, typically fixing screws 34 passing through these elements, in a direction perpendicular to the plane of the plates when the assembly is assembled. These fixing screws 34 comprise a bearing head, which is preferably embedded in the thickness of the uprights 32, so that the uprights 32 provide external bearing surfaces without projections. When the panel P is used in a system for constructing a wall (FIGS. 1 to 7), each separator 33 is fixed to each upright 32 by two fixing means 34. A separator 33 is thus fixed in all by four means of fixing 34.

The structural elements 3 thus assembled are in turn held together between the plates 1, 2 by fastening means of the same type, typically fastening screws 34. These have bearing heads which can also be at least part embedded in the thickness of the plates 1, 2. It will be noted that the fastening means 34 connecting the uprights 32 to the separators 33, and those connecting the plates 1, 2 to the uprights 32 are staggered so as not to conflict with the with each other and to give a distribution of the forces on a maximum length of the uprights 32. Thus each plate 1, 2 is fixed on each upright 32 by a series of fastening means 34 distributed between the axes of the fastening means connecting these same 32 amounts to the separators 33. In the example shown in Figure 2, each plate 1, 2 is attached to each upright 32 through ten to twelve fasteners 34, typically eleven. Their number may differ slightly without departing from the scope of the invention.

During the assembly of the structural elements 3, the positioning of the separators 33 between the uprights 32 prior to the fixing of the -9

elements between them can be provided by a jig system (not shown).

According to the invention, a modular wall construction system comprises at least one base 5 on which is positioned at least one panel received by interlocking. As illustrated in Figures 1 and 2, the lower part of a panel P is introduced into the base 5. The latter consists of a profile, preferably metal, whose section in the general shape of a W. More specifically, the section of the profile comprises seven segments at right angles (Figure 2), having a substantially flat lower bearing surface 51. As shown in Figure 2, the lower portion of the panel P is introduced into two parallel grooves 53 of the base 5 separated by a tunnel 54 projecting in the middle portion of the W. The free ends of the W or side edges 52 of the 5 base up on the outer faces of the plates 1, 2. The tunnel 54 of the base 5 enters the space 4 formed between the plates 1, 2 and substantially matches the indented form 35 of the ends of the structural elements 3.

According to the invention, the base 5 is mounted overlapping on a part 6 of structure or framework such as a sole or a joist. The latter penetrates into the recessed shape of the tunnel 54. It will be noted that the lower bearing surface 51 of the base 5 rests on a floor surface 7. The floor surface and the structural or structural part are in abutment on a base 8 (Figure 2).

According to a characteristic of the invention, the lower part of the panel P is fixed on the base 5 and the part 6 of structure or frame. To do this, at least one threaded rod 55 passes through the thickness of the panel P, as well as the upstanding side edges 52 of the base 5, as well as said structural part 6 or framework. The threaded rod 55 comprises at a first end a head bearing on an edge 52 of the base 5, and cooperates at a second end with a clamping nut. In one embodiment of the invention illustrated in Figure 1, the panel P is fixed to the base 5 through two threaded rods 55 located in the vicinity of the -10-

lower parts of the structural elements 3, thus at the base of the opposite long edges of the panel P.

In this way, the panel P is held firmly and is locked at its base on the part 6 of structure or framework. The vertical forces exerted towards the base of the panel are channeled towards the structural part 6 or framework.

The modular construction system according to the invention may comprise several panels P1, P2, P3 juxtaposed edge to edge, as can be seen in FIG. 4. It will be noted that the bases 5, 5 'on which the panels P1, P2 rest, P3 are not necessarily of a unit length corresponding to the width of the panels, the bases may be longer than the width of a panel and / or discontinuous over a panel width. For the simplicity of the representation, all the fastening means 34 have not been shown in FIG. 4.

The panels P1, P2 juxtaposed are advantageously connected to one another by fasteners 9 (Figure 5). These are located on the outer faces of the plates 1, 2, on each side of the same panel. Each fastener 9 consists for example of two brackets symmetrically placed against each other, each square being secured to a panel. The brackets are crossed by a screw-nut type system for connecting the panels P1, P2 two by two on each side.

The modular construction system according to the invention also comprises a pole P4 having a structure similar to that of a panel P according to the invention, as detailed above. The post P4 actually comprises four faces formed of structural elements 3. The two plates 1, 2 of a panel are thus replaced by two structural elements 3. Two structural elements are thus arranged opposite one of the other, and two other structural elements are interposed between the first two. The separators 33 of the four structural elements 3 are -11-

distributed along the latter 3 so as to be located at substantially corresponding longitudinal positions.

It will be understood that such a pole P4 may advantageously be used in the extension of one or more panels P as detailed above, at an angle between two intersecting walls.

According to another characteristic of the invention, illustrated in FIG. 7, a modular construction system may comprise two superposed rows of lower panels Pi and upper panels Ps.

In this case, the panel Pi may be provided with a cap 5 'of its upper part. The cap 5 'is similar structure to the base 5, and is arranged upside down. The cap 5 'is nested on the upper part of the panel Pi. It can thus receive in its hollow part corresponding to the tunnel a piece 6' of structure or framework (sole or joist), and one or more floor elements 7 ', which can be covered with a base 5 and an upper panel Ps.

As can be seen in Figure 8, the invention also relates to a floor construction system comprising at least one panel P5 as described above.

In this case, the panel P5 rests on its ends on parts 6 "of structure or floor.In such an application, the panel may be devoid of a base on its edges.

In order to ensure sufficient mechanical strength of the structural elements 3, the uprights 32 and the separators 33 are held together by means of three fixing means 34, and this at least for the two separators closest to each end of the panel P5 (these ends being adjacent to the short edges of the panel P5). These fastening means 34 contribute to withstanding the shear and bending forces exerted on the panel P5.35.

Of course, the invention is not limited to the means that have just been described and includes all the technical equivalents without departing from the scope of the invention.

In particular, the fixing of the plates 1, 2, uprights 32 and separators 33 can be provided by means other than screw-nut systems. For example, the separators 33 may be attached to adjacent posts 32 by means of claw, nail, and so on attachment means. For example, FIG. 9 shows staples 34 'provided with points extending perpendicularly to a flat base, the tips being forced into the uprights 32 and the separators 33 so as to fasten them together.

Claims (25)

1. Panel (P) wall or floor for a modular construction, comprising two plates (1; 2) substantially parallel to one another, at least two structural elements (3) forming spacers between the plates (1; 2), contiguous along their length to each inner face of the plates (1; 2), characterized in that each structural element (3) is provided with openings (31). 2. Panel (P) according to claim 1, characterized in that the structural elements (3) consist of two substantially parallel uprights (32) respectively contiguous to each inner face of the plates (1; 2), the uprights (32). being held apart from each other by a series of separators (33) distributed at substantially regular intervals along the length of said uprights (32), the openings (31) being constituted by the spaces between the separators (33). 3. Panel (P) according to claim 2, characterized in that the uprights (32) and separators (33) are elements of thickness with respect to their other dimensions, and are interposed between the plates by supporting a zone of their respective installments. 4. Panel (P) according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the structural elements (3) have a substantially flat overall shape, disposed in respective planes substantially perpendicular to the planes of the plates (1; 2) . 5. Panel (P) according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the plates (1; 2) have a generally rectangular shape. 6. Panel (P) according to claim 5, characterized in that the structural elements (3) are arranged flushly along the long edges of the plates (1; 2) .30-14- 7. Panel (P) according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the plates are made of OSB (Oriented Strand Board). 8. Panel (P) according to any one of claims 2 to 7, characterized in that the uprights (32) and separators (33) are made of solid wood. 9. Panel (P) according to any one of claims 2 to 8, characterized in that each upright (32) and each separator (33) are secured by at least one fastening means (34) such as a screw of fixation whose head is embedded in the upright (32). 10. Panel (P) according to any one of claims 2 to 9, characterized in that the plates (1; 2) have a thickness of between 15 and 20 mm, while the amounts (32) and the separators (33 ) have a thickness of between 30 and 60 mm. 11. Panel (P) according to any one of claims 5 to 10, characterized in that each panel (P) has a length corresponding to the long edges of the order of 2500 mm. 12. Panel (P) according to any one of claims 5 to 11, characterized in that each panel (P) has a width corresponding to the short edges between 900 and 950 mm. 13. Panel (P) according to any one of claims 2 to 12, characterized in that each structural element (3) comprises at least three separators (33). 30 14. Modular wall construction system characterized in that it comprises at least one base (5) shaped to receive by fitting the lower part of a panel (P) according to any one of the preceding claims. 25- 15 - 15. System for constructing a wall according to claim 14, characterized in that the base (5) consists of a profile whose section has the general shape of a W. 16. System for constructing a wall according to claim 15, characterized in that the free ends (52) of the W envelop the outer faces of the plates (1; 2). 17. System for constructing a wall according to claim 15 or 16, characterized in that the central portion (54) of the W penetrates into the internal space delimited by the plates (1; 2). 18. System for constructing a wall according to one of claims 14 to 17, characterized in that the base (5) is metallic. 19. System for constructing a wall according to one of claims 14 to 18, characterized in that the base (5) is mounted overlapping on a part (6) of structure or frame such as a sole or joist . 20 20. System for constructing a wall according to claim 19, characterized in that the panel (P), the base (5) and the piece (6) of structure or frame are secured by a threaded rod (55). passing through the panel (P) in the direction of its thickness and cooperating with a nut. 25 21. System for constructing a wall according to any one of claims 2 to 20, characterized in that it comprises at least one pole (P4) made in a similar manner to a panel (P), each of the plates (1 2) being replaced by a structural member (3) provided with a pair of uprights (32) and a series of dividers (33) distributed between said uprights (32). 22. System for constructing a wall according to any one of claims 14 to 21, characterized in that it comprises at least one cap (5 ') having the shape of a base (5) upside down , nested on the 15-16- upper part of the panel (P), symmetrically to the base (5) on which the lower part of the panel (P) is nested. 23. System for constructing a wall according to claim 22, characterized in that it comprises at least two rows (Pi, Ps) of superimposed panels, the bottom row (Pi) comprising a cap (5 ') while the top row (Ps) comprises a base (5), said cap (5 ') and said base (5) being separated from a piece (6 ") of structure or framework such as a sole or joist. 24. System for building a floor characterized in that it comprises at least one panel (P5) according to any one of claims 1 to 13. 25. System for building a roof characterized in that it comprises at least one panel according to any one of claims 1 to 13.