FR2861774A1 - METHOD OF MAKING COVER AND / OR CLADDING, AND COVER AND / OR SADDING MEDIUM - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to a method of producing a cover and / or siding, and a support for covering and / or siding. The invention relates more particularly to a method of making a cover and / or siding in which cover elements are assembled on supports by means of fixing hooks, and a pre-hooked support. The method successively comprises: a) a step of mounting fixing hooks (2) at regular intervals in at least one row on one or more supports (1); b) a step of laying the pre-hooked support or supports formed in step a) on the surface to be covered, in particular on rafters or uprights; and, c) a step of fitting the cover elements by means of the fixing hooks.

Description

METHOD OF MAKING COVER AND / OR SIDING,

  The present invention relates to a method of making cover and / or cladding, and a cover and / or cladding support. The invention more particularly relates on the one hand to a covering and / or cladding production method in which covering elements are assembled on supports by means of fixing hooks and, on the other hand, a pre-assembly support. -chrochet for the implementation of the method. The present invention relates to the fields of the building industry, roofing companies and general building companies.

  Currently, the method of making roofing and cladding, natural slate type, synthetic slate, flat tile or any other small covering element, by means of battens, is available according to the various operations detailed below: horizontal tracing of the purines on the rafters in order to position the battens at regular intervals and fixing them by hammering; vertical tracing of the edges on the battens; filling of the roof sewer with a trench of equal thickness to that of the battens as well as the valleys, hips and banks, then production of the slate or zinc doublet, as well as the gutter, according to the traditional method; then alternately, stapling of 5 or 6 fastening hooks of cover elements, then laying the corresponding cover elements; and so on until the ridge. The finishes of the cover, including shores, valleys, hips and roof window surround, are realized in the traditional way. This current process has drawbacks, namely that the tracing operations are numerous, they require a weather without precipitation to ensure tracing behavior, that the regularity of the alignments depends on the precision of the manual tracing as well as the respect of the one in the positioning one by one of the battens and especially that the alternative installation of hooks and cover elements causes a significant loss of productivity.

  The purpose of the present invention is to provide a method of making cover or cladding overcoming the aforementioned drawbacks, which is fast, accurate and simple to implement.

  To this end, the subject of the present invention is a process for producing roofing and / or cladding, in which cover elements, of natural slate, synthetic slate, or flat tile type, are assembled on supports via fixing hooks, characterized in that it comprises successively a) a step of mounting fastening hooks at regular intervals in at least one row on one or more supports, b) a step of laying the support or supports pre- hooks formed in step a) on the surface to be covered, in particular on rafters or uprights, and c) a step of laying the covering elements by means of the fastening hooks.

  According to one embodiment, step a) consists in mounting hooks on profiles, such as battens or battens, preferably battens.

  According to one feature, the fastening hooks are directed substantially in the longitudinal direction of the profiles during steps a) and b), the laying of the cover elements in step c) being performed by pivoting about 90 of said hooks of fixation.

  According to another feature, step b) consists in laying one or more plies formed of at least two battens connected in parallel with each other by connecting means, preferably flexible.

  The method according to the invention ensures a perfect implementation and distribution of the cover elements according to their formats in compliance with minimum overlap standards depending on the region and the slope of the rafters and allows to optimize their completion time while respecting their rules of fixation.

  The implementation of individual precooked battens on the rafters will then be done according to the current method. The use of assemblies pre-crocheted web battens, (pre-crocheted battens, arranged parallel and staggered, linked to each other regularly spaced by binding strips or strips), introduces a new implementation process called liteaunage by tablecloth. This new method of implementation provides simple solutions to the difficulties of the method mentioned above, namely a reduction in the many tracing operations, a perfect distribution of the cover elements in compliance with the standards in force, a speed of liteaunage crawling by the tablecloth process, the removal of manual hooking operations (taking the hook in the box and stapling it on the wooden batting) and the alternation picking and setting the cover element with the battens pre-crocheted. The method according to the invention makes it possible to remedy the lack of qualified manpower found for several years by the corporation of Roofing Artisans and Roofing Companies.

  The present invention also proposes a roof or cladding support intended for laying natural slate, synthetic slate, or flat tile roofing elements or any other small covering element, characterized in that said support carries hooks of fastening of cover elements, said fastening hooks being pre-positioned at regular intervals in at least one row.

  According to one feature, said fastening hooks are mounted on said profile so as to be directed substantially in the longitudinal direction of the profile, said hooks being able to pivot about 90 for fixing cover elements.

  According to one embodiment, said support comprises at least one profile, in particular of the batten type, supporting the fixing hooks.

  According to one embodiment, the profile consists of a wooden batten, said fastening hooks comprising a portion passing through said batten and whose curved end abuts against the lower face of the batten to ensure the retention of said fastening hooks on the batten.

  According to another embodiment, the profile, for example of plastic material, comprises on its upper face a longitudinal groove extending over its entire length and having an inverted T-shaped cross section, each fixing hook comprising at the end retaining means adapted to retain the hook in the groove after insertion into said groove by one end of the profile. The retaining means are formed for example by a curved end of said hook associated with a retaining washer. Said profile advantageously comprises positioning marks, such as holes made on the vertical walls of the groove, for precise and easy positioning hooks at regular intervals.

  According to one embodiment, the support comprises at least two pre-hooked sections assembled parallel to each other in a sheet, by means of connecting means, preferably flexible, such as flexible connecting strips and / or a cover tarpaulin , so that the hooks are arranged in staggered rows. The profiles of the ply are advantageously all identical, two adjacent sections of the ply being offset longitudinally.

  The invention will be better understood, and other objects, details, features and advantages will become more clearly apparent from the following detailed explanatory description of two presently preferred particular embodiments of the invention, with reference to the attached schematic drawing. .

  In this drawing: FIG. 1 represents a perspective view from above of a pre-hooked batten according to a first embodiment; Figure 2 is a partial perspective view from below of the pre-hooked batt of Figure 1; - Figure 3 shows a perspective view of a web formed of a plurality of battens according to Figure 1; FIG. 4 is a schematic perspective view of a roof illustrating the production of a slate type cover by means of plies of FIG. 3; Figures 5 and 6 show enlarged views of areas of Figure 4; - Figure 7 shows a perspective view of a web according to an alternative embodiment; FIG. 8 represents a perspective view from above of a pre-hooked batten according to a second embodiment; - Figures 9 and 10 show cross-sectional views of the batten of Figure 7, respectively showing a hook in the waiting position and a hook in the active position for fixing a cover member; and FIG. 11 is a perspective view of a hook according to an alternative embodiment that can be used with the batten of FIG. 7.

  In the first embodiment illustrated in FIG. 1, the roofing and cladding support, referred to as the pre-hooked batten 1, is in the form of a wooden section 11, of rectangular section, supporting fastening hooks. cover elements 2 prepositioned on the profile. Each hook 2 is of the tipped hook type, formed of a folded wire, and comprises a central portion extending on one side by a first curved portion for the retention of a covering element, this curved portion extending parallel to the central portion, and the other side by a second pointed portion extending substantially perpendicular to the central portion. The hooks are pointed, at regular intervals, in a row, on a main face of the batten called upper face 12.

  The spacing dl between fastening hooks of the covering elements is defined according to the width of the covering element, taking into account its manufacturing dimensional tolerance, plus the necessary clearance to receive the fastening hook of the element of coverage. cover of the higher rank, once it is put in position. Advantageously, as shown in Figure 2, after pointing, the projecting end 21 of the second part is bent against the underside 13 of the batt to retain the hook on the batten. Alternatively, the positioning of the hooks on the batten is achieved by inserting the second portions of the hooks in through holes previously made at regular intervals on the batten, then folding the end of said second parts against the underside of the batten to ensure the keeping the hooks on the batten. The hooks are oriented substantially along the longitudinal axis of the batten, in a so-called waiting position, and can be turned manually 90 in a so-called active position to allow the blocking of cover elements.

  With reference to FIG. 3, plies 3 are formed by assembling several pre-hooked battens 1 parallel to each other by means of flexible connecting strips fixed flat on the lower faces of the battens, for example by means of nails. First two strips 41 are fixed perpendicular to the battens and two second strips 42 are fixed diagonally. The pre-hooked battens, for example 10 in number, are arranged parallel to one another so that the hooks of the web are arranged in staggered rows. The center distance d2 between two adjacent battens is equal to one time the d4 (Figure 6) blank of the roofing element plus the clearance at the head of the roofing element, and this in compliance with the current standards of minimum overlap. depending on the region and the slope of the rafters. The use of flexible strips allows the bringing of the battens of the web against each other, for example by winding, for storage prior to use. For laying, the tablecloth can easily be unrolled on the rafters.

  The longitudinal offset d3 between two adjacent battles is equal to half of the center distance d1 between brackets, this longitudinal offset may be equal to a multiple of center distance d1 between brackets, plus a half-center distance.

  Each pre-hooked batt of the web is provided at one of its ends with a connecting sleeve 5, for example plastic, for the connection of the webs between them. The sleeves are force-fitted on one end of the web battens, over substantially one half of their length, each sleeve having on said half internal ribs ensuring the maintenance of the sleeves on the battens.

  With reference to FIGS. 4, 5 and 6, the method of producing a slate type blanket on a wooden frame 6 is broken down into the various steps detailed below: laying of the sheets 3 on the rafters 61 after tracing 'a level line on the rafters, and possibly ramping the sewer of the rampant. The tablecloths are fixed by pointing or screwing. Provide the edge overhang required according to the specificities of the latter to the positioning of the first sheet, and its wedging along the crawling so as to finish without false rank to ridge 62. The longitudinal offset of the pre-hooked plies of the plies ensures a nonlinear and precise connection of the layers between them. This connection is reinforced by the connecting sleeves 5.

  - Realization of the slate doubling at the tip and hook tip, on gutter or not, according to the traditional method.

  - Positioning and fixing sequentially slates 7 and hooks by pivoting the latter to the plumb to the ridge. By way of example, with reference to FIG. 6, the placing of a slate to the right of the slate referenced 71 is carried out by slipping the top of a slate into the hook 2a, between the two hooks 2b. , then by manually rotating the hook 2c of 900 on said slate just put in place to block it.

  - The bedding of the banks will be made as needed with pieces of pre-positioned clamshell without hook, in order to realize the bank in the traditional way to the tip and hook tip, and also to properly adjust for the overflow of the bank.

  - The ridge will be realized in the traditional way to the point and the hook with tip.

  - The cover finishes, including shores, valleys, hips, ridge and roof window surround are made in the traditional way. Note that the realization of the roof can be achieved either row by row or by stairway.

  FIG. 7 illustrates an alternative embodiment in which the ply 31 is made by assembling the pre-hooked battens 1 on a covering tarpaulin 43. The battens are preferably previously assembled by flexible strips 41 fixed perpendicularly to the battens as before, then the assembly is fixed on a covering cover, the battens coming against the latter by their underside. The covering sheet has a peripheral edge 43a extending around the battens of the web, said peripheral edge being superimposed with the corresponding peripheral edges of the adjacent webs during the laying of the webs on the rafters. Once put in place, the cover sheets allow an out of water temporary site, the time to achieve the cover.

  Figures 7 to 9 show a pre-hooked batt 101 according to a second embodiment. The batten is formed of a profile 111, for example of rigid plastic material, supporting the fastening hooks of the cover elements 102, themselves already pre-positioned. On its upper face as well as over its entire length, note the presence of a groove 112 whose profile is inverted T-shaped or inverted T. The bottom of the groove comprises a longitudinal groove 113 of substantially semicircular cross section. The profile is advantageously formed of a hollow body of substantially rectangular cross section, comprising a set of internal longitudinal walls 114 forming said groove 113 and a set of internal longitudinal reinforcing walls 115. The fastening hooks comprise a central portion 121 extending on one side by a first curved portion 122 for retaining a cover member, said curved portion extending parallel to the central portion, and on the other side by a second portion 123 extending substantially perpendicular to the central part in the same plane. This second portion has a curved end, called heel 124, extending parallel to the central portion and in the direction thereof. Each hook further comprises a retaining washer 125, of elastic material, engaged on the second portion 123 of the hook.

  The fastening hooks of the cover elements, completed with their retaining washer bearing against the curved end, and oriented longitudinally in the groove axis, are inserted into the latter by one end of the profile, such as The hooks positioned at regular spacing along the groove, are held there by clasping and trimmed against tearing by mounting the retaining washer and the heel hook. Advantageously positioning marks are provided to ensure a precise spacing between the hooks, these marks being for example constituted by grooves present on the vertical walls of the groove, for example obtained by drilling operations, in which the hooks are clipped . The transition from the waiting position of the hooks illustrated in FIG. 9 to the active position illustrated in FIG. 10 is achieved by pivoting the hooks 90. During this pivoting, the heel 124 out of the longitudinal groove 113 and compresses the retaining washer 125 thus ensuring the maintenance of the hook in its active position. Note that the hook in its waiting position is retained only by the washer, but this mechanical restraint is reinforced by the heel of the hook as soon as it enters its active position for fixing a cover element. As before, these battens are advantageously assembled using flexible connecting strips to form webs. The connection of the sheets together can be effected by means of connecting sleeves coming into the open ends of the battens.

  Alternatively, as shown in Figure 10, replacing the retaining washer described above, the fastening hooks 202 are provided with a washer forming heel 224, made by winding the component wire, and intended to fit into the inverted T-slot of the profiles described previously.

  In an alternative embodiment, the support is formed of a section of rectangular cross section having an intermediate inner longitudinal wall, conventional pointed hooks being pointed through the upper wall and the intermediate wall of the profiles, and possibly the bottom wall.

  Although the invention has been described in connection with particular embodiments, it is obvious that it is not limited thereto and that it includes all the technical equivalents of the means described and their combinations if they are within the scope of the invention. Thus, the profiles may be constituted by flaps intended to be assembled substantially contiguous on the rafters, each flight comprising a row of hooks at regular intervals. In the embodiments described with reference to the figures, the cover or cladding support is formed of a profile comprising a row of hooks. In alternative embodiments, the support according to the invention is formed of a flexible, dimensionally stable fabric, such as a non-woven fabric of thermolated polyethylene fibers, on which are pre-positioned horizontally by means of rivets, by crimping or any other holding means, fastening hooks, said hooks, type tip or staple, being staggered in a plurality of parallel rows. For the realization of a blanket, pre-crocheted fabrics can be unrolled and then fixed by pointing on the battens or battens of the frame, by successive layers superimposed and arranged preferably vertically. In replacement of the fabric, it can be provided a paper, fabric, tarpaulin, weft, mesh or rigid panel. In lieu of rivets, it can be provided studs or eyelets.

Claims (10)

  1) A method of making cover and / or cladding, in which cover elements, natural slate type, synthetic slate, or flat tile, are assembled on supports by means of fixing hooks, characterized in that it comprises successively a) a step of mounting fastening hooks 10 (2, 102, 202) at regular intervals in at least one row on one or more supports (1, 101), b) a step of laying the pre-hooked supports formed in step a) on the surface to be covered, in particular on rafters (61) or uprights, and c) a step of laying the covering elements (7) by means of the hooks of fixation.   2. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that step a) consists in mounting hooks on profiles (1, 101), such as battens or battens.   3. Method according to claim 2, characterized in that the fastening hooks (2, 102) are directed substantially in the longitudinal direction of the profiles (1, 101) during steps a) and b), the laying of the elements of cover (7) during step c) being made by pivoting about 90 of said fastening hooks.   4. Method according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that step b) consists in placing one or more layers formed of at least two battens connected in parallel with each other by flexible connecting means (41, 42, 43). ).   5. Cover and / or cladding support, intended for laying natural slate-like roofing elements, synthetic slate, or flat tile or any other small covering elements, characterized in that said support (1, 101) carries fastening hooks (2, 102, 202) of cover elements, said fastening hooks being pre-positioned at regular intervals in at least one row.   6. Support according to claim 5, characterized in that it comprises at least one profile (1, 101) supporting the fastening hooks (2, 102).   7. Support according to claim 6, characterized in that said fixing hooks (2, 102) are mounted on said profile (1, 101) so as to be directed substantially in the longitudinal direction of the profile, said hooks being rotatable about 90 for fixing cover elements.   8. Support according to claim 6 or 7, characterized in that the profile consists of a wooden battens (1), said fastening hooks comprising a portion passing through said batten and whose curved end (21) abuts against the lower face (13) of the batten for maintaining said fixing hooks on the batten.   9. Support according to claim 6 or 7, characterized in that the profile (101), for example of plastic material, comprises on its upper face a longitudinal groove extending over its entire length and having a cross-section in the form of T inverted, each fixing hook comprising at the end retaining means (124, 125) adapted to retain the hook in the groove after insertion into said groove by one end of the profile.   10. Support according to one of claims 6 to 9, characterized in that it comprises at least two sections (1) pre-hooked assembled parallel to each other in sheet (3), by means of flexible connection means ( 41, 42, 43) so that the hooks are staggered.