EP1528179A1 - Method for making a roof and/or wall covering and supporting structure therefor - Google Patents

Abstract

The method involves assembling fixation hooks at a regular interval along a row/line on roofing or cladding supports such as battens. The pre-hooked battens are connected one against the other by flexible bands (41, 42), on a sheet (3). The sheet is installed on a surface to be covered up, such as rafter or upright pillar. Natural or synthetic slates are installed by rotating the hooks about 90 degrees. An independent claim is also included for a roofing and/or cladding support intended to install roofing parts such as natural slates, synthetic slates or tile plates.

Description

The present invention relates to a method of roofing and / or cladding, and a roof support and / or cladding. The invention more particularly on the one hand a method of covering and / or cladding in which cover elements are assembled on brackets through fastening hooks and, on the other hand, a pre-bracketed support for setting implementation of the method. The present invention relates to areas of the building industry, roofing and general building companies.

Currently, the method of producing roofing and cladding, natural slate type, synthetic slate, flat tile or any other small cover element, by means of battens, comes according to the different operations detailed here after: horizontal tracing of the rafters on the rafters in order to position the battens at regular spacings and fixing these by hammering; plotting vertical rolls on the battens; packing of the roof sewer by a flight of thickness equal to that of the battens as well as the valleys, hips and banks, then realization of the slate or zinc doublé, as well as the gutter, according to the method traditional; then alternatively, stapling 5 or 6 hooks for fastening cover elements, then laying of corresponding cover elements; and so on until the ridge. The finishes of the cover, including shores, valleys, hips and roof window surround, are realized from the traditional way. This current process presents disadvantages, namely that tracing operations are numerous, that they require a weather without precipitation to ensure tracing, that the regularity of the alignments depends on the accuracy of the manual tracing as well as the respect of it during the positioning one by one of the battens and especially that the alternative installation of hooks and cover elements causes a significant loss of productivity.

The purpose of the present invention is to propose a method of making a roof or cladding overcoming the aforementioned drawbacks, which is fast, accurate and simple to implement.

a) une étape de montage de crochets de fixation à intervalle régulier selon au moins une rangée sur un ou plusieurs supports,

b) une étape de pose du ou des supports pré-crochetés formés à l'étape a) sur la surface à recouvrir, en particulier sur des chevrons ou des montants, et

c) une étape de pose des éléments de couverture par l'intermédiaire des crochets de fixation.

To this end, the subject of the present invention is a process for producing roofing and / or cladding, in which cover elements, of natural slate, synthetic slate, or flat tile type, are assembled on supports via fastening hooks, characterized in that it comprises successively

a) a step of mounting fastening hooks at regular intervals in at least one row on one or more supports,

b) a step of laying the pre-hooked support (s) formed in step a) on the surface to be covered, in particular on rafters or uprights, and

c) a step of laying the cover elements through the fixing hooks.

According to one embodiment, step a) consists of to mount hooks on profiles, such as battens or battens, preferably battens.

According to one particular feature, the fastening hooks are directed substantially in the direction longitudinal section of the profiles in steps a) and b), the laying of cover elements in step c) being made by pivoting about 90 ° of said fixing hooks.

According to another feature, step b) consists of laying one or more sheets of at least two slats connected in parallel with each other by means binding, preferably flexible.

The method according to the invention ensures a perfect location and distribution of coverage elements according to their formats in accordance with the standards of minimum recoveries according to the region and the slope of the rafters and allows to optimize their times of achievement while respecting their rules of fixation.

The implementation of pre-plucked battens individual on the framing rafters will then be done according to the current method. The use of assemblies pre-crocheted battens in pre-crocheted battens, arranged parallel and staggered, linked between them at regular spacing by bands or binding strips), establishes a new process for implementation called liteaunage tablecloth. This new implementation process brings simple solutions the difficulties of the method mentioned above, know a reduction of the many operations of tracing, a perfect distribution of the elements of coverage in accordance with the standards in force, a speed of liteaunage crawling by the process by tablecloths, the removal of picking operations manual (taking the hook in the box and stapling this one on the wooden batten) and alternation picking and laying the cover element thanks to the pre-hooked battens. The process according to the invention makes it possible to remedy the lack of qualified manpower for several years by the corporation of Roofing Contractors and Roofing Contractors.

The present invention further provides a support roofing or cladding for the laying of elements natural slate type slate cover synthetic, or flat tile or any other small element cover, characterized in that said support door hooks fixing elements of cover, said fixing hooks being pre-positioned at regular intervals according to at least one row.

According to a feature, said hooks of fasteners are mounted on said profile so as to be directed substantially in the direction longitudinal section of the profile, said hooks being suitable to rotate about 90 ° for fixing elements of blanket.

According to one embodiment, said support comprises at least one profile, in particular of the type batten, supporting the fastening hooks.

According to one embodiment, the profile is consisting of a wooden battens, said hooks of fastener comprising a portion passing through said batten and whose curved end abuts against the lower face of the batten to ensure the maintenance said fixing hooks on the batten.

According to another embodiment, the profile, for example plastic material, includes on its face superior a longitudinal groove spanning its entire length and having a section transverse inverted T-shape, each hook of fastener comprising at the end retaining means able to hold the hook in the groove after their insertion into said groove by one end of profile. The retaining means are formed for example by a curved end of said hook associated with a retaining washer. Said profile includes advantageously positioning marks, such as holes drilled on the vertical walls of the groove, for accurate and easy positioning of hooks at regular intervals.

According to one embodiment, the support comprises at least two pre-hooked sections assembled parallel to each other in a sheet, via connecting means, preferably flexible, such as flexible connecting strips and / or a tarpaulin cover, so that the hooks are arranged in a staggered arrangement. The profiles of the tablecloth are advantageously all identical, two profiles adjacent layers of the web being longitudinally offset.

The invention will be better understood, and others goals, details, features and benefits will become clearer during the description detailed explanatory information that will follow from two modes of particular embodiments currently preferred of the invention, with reference to the appended schematic drawing.

• la figure 1 représente une vue en perspective de dessus d'un liteau pré-crocheté selon un premier mode de réalisation ;
• la figure 2 représente une vue partielle en perspective de dessous du liteau pré-crocheté de la figure 1 ;
• la figure 3 représente une vue en perspective d'une nappe formée d'une pluralité de liteaux selon la figure 1 ;
• la figure 4 est une vue schématique en perspective d'une toiture illustrant la réalisation d'une couverture de type ardoise au moyen de nappes de la figure 3 ;
• les figures 5 et 6 représentent des vues agrandies de zones de la figure 4 ;
• la figure 7 représente une vue en perspective d'une nappe selon une variante de réalisation ;
• la figure 8 représente une vue en perspective de dessus d'un liteau pré-crocheté selon un deuxième mode de réalisation ;
• les figures 9 et 10 représentent des vues en coupe transversale du liteau de la figure 7, illustrant respectivement un crochet en position d'attente et un crochet en position active pour la fixation d'un élément de couverture ; et ,
• la figure 11 est une vue en perspective d'un crochet selon une variante de réalisation utilisable avec le liteau de la figure 7.

On this drawing :

• Figure 1 shows a perspective view from above of a pre-hooked batten according to a first embodiment;
• Figure 2 shows a partial perspective view from below of the pre-hooked batten of Figure 1;
• FIG. 3 represents a perspective view of a ply formed of a plurality of battens according to FIG. 1;
• FIG. 4 is a diagrammatic perspective view of a roof illustrating the production of a slate-type cover by means of plies of FIG. 3;
• Figures 5 and 6 show enlarged views of areas of Figure 4;
• FIG. 7 represents a perspective view of a sheet according to an alternative embodiment;
• Figure 8 shows a perspective view from above of a pre-hooked batten according to a second embodiment;
• Figures 9 and 10 show cross-sectional views of the batten of Figure 7, respectively showing a hook in the waiting position and a hook in the active position for fixing a cover member; and,
• FIG. 11 is a perspective view of a hook according to an alternative embodiment that can be used with the batten of FIG. 7.

In the first embodiment illustrated on Figure 1, the cover and cladding support, called pre hooked batteau 1, is in the form of a section 11 of wood, of rectangular section, supporting hooks for fixing elements of cover 2 pre-positioned on the profile. Each hook 2 is of the hook-to-point type, formed of a wire bent metal, and includes a central portion extending on one side by a first bent part for the retention of a cover element, this curved portion extending parallel to the portion central, and on the other side by a second part point extending substantially perpendicular to the central part. The hooks are pointed at regular interval, in a row, on one side principal of the batten called upper face 12. The spacing d1 between hooks fixing the elements of coverage is defined according to the width of the element of cover, taking into account its tolerance dimensional manufacturing, plus the necessary game to receive the fixing hook of the element of cover of the higher rank, once this one will be put in position. Advantageously, as illustrated in FIG. 2, after pointing, the projecting end 21 of the second part is bent against the face lower 13 of the batten to retain the hook on the batten. Alternatively, the positioning of the hooks on the batten is achieved by inserting seconds parts of the hooks in through-holes previously carried out at regular intervals on the liteau, then folding the end of said seconds parts against the underside of the batten for ensure that the hooks remain on the batten. The hooks are oriented substantially along the axis longitudinal of the batten, in a position called waiting, and can be manually rotated 90 ° in a so-called active position to allow blocking cover elements.

With reference to FIG. 3, layers 3 are formed by assembling several pre-crocheted battens 1 parallel to each other by means of connecting strips flexible fixed flat on the lower faces of battens, for example by means of nails. Two first strips 41 are fixed perpendicular to the battens and two second strips 42 are fixed diagonally. Pre-hooked battens, for example 10 in number, are arranged parallel to each other so that the hooks of the tablecloth are arranged in staggered rows. The center distance d2 between two adjacent battens is equal to once the purge d4 (Figure 6) of the element of coverage plus the game at the top of the element of coverage in accordance with current standards minimum overlap depending on the region and the slope of the rafters. The use of flexible tapes allows the approximation of the battens of the tablecloth against others, for example by winding, for their storage before use. For laying, the tablecloth can easily be unrolled on the rafters.

The longitudinal shift d3 between two battens adjacent is equal to half of the center distance d1 between hooks, this longitudinal offset may be equal to a multiple of center distance d1 between square brackets, increased by one half center distance.

Each pre-hooked batt of the tablecloth is provided with one of its ends of a connecting sleeve 5, by plastic example, for the connection of tablecloths between them. The sleeves are fitted in force on one of the ends of the battens of the tablecloth, on substantially one half of their length, each sleeve having on said half ribs internals ensuring the maintenance of the sleeves on the battens.

• pose des nappes 3 sur les chevrons 61 après traçage d'un trait de niveau sur les chevrons, et éventuellement voligeage de l'égout du rampant. La fixation des nappes est réalisée par pointage ou vissage. Prévoir le débord en rive nécessaire selon les spécificités de celle-ci au positionnement de la première nappe, ainsi que son calage le long du rampant de façon à finir sans faux rang au faítage 62. Le décalage longitudinal des liteaux pré-crochetés des nappes assure un raccordement non linéaire et précis des nappes entres elles. Ce raccordement est renforcé par les manchons de liaison 5.
• Réalisation du doublis ardoise à la pointe et au crochet à pointe, sur gouttière ou non, selon la méthode traditionnelle.
• Mise en position et fixation successivement des ardoises 7 et des crochets par pivotement de ce dernier jusqu'à l'aplomb, et ce jusqu'au faítage. A titre d'exemple, en référence à la figure 6, la mise en place d'une ardoise à droite de l'ardoise référencée 71 est effectuée en glissant par le haut d'une ardoise dans le crochet 2a, entre les deux crochets 2b, puis en faisant pivoter manuellement le crochet 2c de 90° sur ladite ardoise venant d'être mise en place pour la bloquer.
• Le liteaunage des rives se fera au besoin avec des morceaux de liteau sans crochet pré-positionnés, afin de réaliser la rive de manière traditionnelle à la pointe et au crochet à pointe, et également de façon à bien se régler pour le débord de la rive.
• Le faítage se réalisera de la manière traditionnelle à la pointe et au crochet à pointe.
• Les finitions de couverture, notamment rives, noues, arêtiers, faítage et entourage de fenêtre de toit sont réalisées de la manière traditionnelle. A noter que la réalisation de la toiture peut se réaliser soit rang par rang, soit par ourne en escalier.

With reference to FIGS. 4, 5 and 6, the method of producing a slate type blanket on a wooden frame 6 is broken down into the various steps detailed below:

• laying plies 3 on the rafters 61 after tracing a level line on the rafters, and possibly voligging the sewer of the rampant. The tablecloths are fixed by pointing or screwing. Provide the edge overhang required according to the specificities of the latter to the positioning of the first sheet, and its wedging along the rampant so as to finish without false rank to the ridge 62. The longitudinal offset of the pre-hooked battens of the sheets ensures a nonlinear and precise connection of the layers between them. This connection is reinforced by the connecting sleeves 5.
• Realization of the slate doubling at the tip and hook tip, on gutter or not, according to the traditional method.
• Positioning and successively fixing the slates 7 and hooks by pivoting the latter to the plumb, and until the ridge. By way of example, with reference to FIG. 6, the placing of a slate to the right of the slate referenced 71 is carried out by slipping the top of a slate into the hook 2a, between the two hooks 2b. , then manually turning the hook 2c 90 ° on said slate just put in place to block it.
• The bedding of the shoreline will be done with pre-positioned pieces of hook-free batt, to make the shoreline in a traditional way to the tip and hook tip, and also to properly adjust for the edge of the bank .
• The ridge will be realized in the traditional way at the point and the pointed hook.
• The cover finishes, including shores, valleys, hips, roof and roof window surround are made in the traditional way. Note that the realization of the roof can be achieved either row by row or by stairway.

FIG. 7 illustrates an embodiment variant in which the ply 31 is made by assembly pre-hooked battens 1 on a cover tarpaulin 43. The battens are preferably assembled by flexible strips 41 fixed perpendicular to the battens as before, then the whole is fixed on a cover tarpaulin, the battens coming against the latter by their face lower. The cover sheet has an edge peripheral 43a extending around the battens of the web, said peripheral edge being superimposed with the corresponding peripheral edges of the tablecloths adjacent when laying the tablecloths on the rafters. Once in place, the cover sheets allow a setting out of water of the building site temporary, the time to realize the coverage.

Figures 7 to 9 show a pre-crocheted battens 101 according to a second embodiment. The plate is formed of a profile 111, for example in rigid plastic material, supporting the hooks of fixing the cover elements 102, themselves already pre-positioned. On its upper side as well as on its entire length, note the presence of a groove 112 whose profile is inverted T-shape or T reversed. The bottom of the groove has a throat longitudinal 113 of substantially transverse section semi-circular. The profile is advantageously formed a hollow body of substantially transverse section rectangular, comprising a set of walls internal longitudinal 114 forming said groove 113 and a set of internal longitudinal walls of reinforcement 115. The fastening hooks comprise a central portion 121 extending on one side by a first curved portion 122 for holding a cover element, this curved part extending parallel to the central part, and the other side by a second part 123 extending substantially perpendicular to the central part in the same plane. This second part presents a curved end, called heel 124, extending parallel to the central part and in the direction of the latter. Each hook further comprises a retaining washer 125, made of elastic material, engaged on the second part 123 of the hook.

The fastening hooks of the elements of cover, completed with their retaining washer in support against the curved end, and oriented longitudinally in the axis of the groove, are inserted into it by one end of the profile, as shown in Figure 9. The hooks positioned at regular spacing along the groove, including are held together and countered tearing through the mounting of the washer of restraint and heel hook. Advantageously, positioning marks are provided to guarantee a precise spacing between the brackets, these marks being for example constituted by grooves present on the vertical walls of the groove, for example obtained by drilling operations, in which the hooks come clipping. The passage of the position the hooks shown in Figure 9 to the active position illustrated in Figure 10, is realized by pivoting the hooks by 90 °. During this pivoting, the heel 124 protrudes from the longitudinal groove 113 and compresses the retaining washer 125 thus guaranteeing the maintenance of the hook in its active position. Note that the hook in its waiting position is retained only by the washer, but this mechanical restraint is reinforced by the heel of the hook as soon as he enters his active position for attaching an element of blanket. As before, these battens are advantageously assembled using binding strips flexible to form tablecloths. The connection of between them can be effected by means of connecting sleeves coming into the open ends of the battens.

Alternatively, as illustrated in FIG. replacing the retaining washer described above, the fastening hooks 202 are provided with a heel forming washer 224, made by winding the wire component, and intended to come insert into the inverted T-slot of the profiles previously described.

In an alternative embodiment, the support is formed of a sectional section rectangular with a longitudinal wall Intermediate internal, classic pointed hooks being pointed through the top wall and the wall intermediate profiles, and possibly the wall lower.

Although the invention has been described in connection with with particular embodiments, it is well evident that it is by no means includes all the technical equivalents of the means described as well as their combinations if these are within the scope of the invention. Thus, profiles may consist of intended to be assembled substantially joined on the rafters, each flight comprising a row of hooks at regular intervals. In the modes of embodiment described with reference to the figures, the cover or cladding support is formed of a profile comprising a row of hooks. In embodiments, the support according to the invention is made of a supple, stable fabric dimensionally, such as a nonwoven fabric of thermolated polyethylene fibers, on which are pre-positioned horizontally with rivets, for crimping or any other means of hooks, said hooks, type to point or staple, being staggered according to several parallel rows. For the realization of a blanket, pre-crocheted canvases can be unwound and then set by pointing on the battens or the trenches of the frame, by successive lines superimposed and arranged preferably vertically. In replacement of the canvas, it can be provided a paper, cloth, tarpaulin, weft, mesh or panel rigid. As a replacement for rivets, it can be provided studs or eyelets.

Claims (10)

Method of producing roofing and / or cladding, in which roofing elements, of natural slate type, synthetic slate, or flat tile, are assembled on supports by means of fastening hooks, characterized in that successively comprises a) a step of mounting fastening hooks (2, 102, 202) at regular intervals in at least one row on one or more supports (1, 101), b) a step of laying the pre-hooked support (s) formed in step a) on the surface to be covered, in particular on rafters (61) or uprights, and c) a step of laying the cover elements (7) via the fastening hooks. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that step a) consists in mounting hooks on profiles (1, 101), such as battens or battens. Method according to claim 2, characterized in that the fastening hooks (2, 102) are directed substantially in the longitudinal direction of the profiles (1, 101) during steps a) and b), the laying of the cover elements ( 7) during step c) being performed by pivoting about 90 ° of said fastening hooks. A method according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that step b) consists of laying one or more sheets formed of at least two battens connected in parallel with each other by flexible connecting means (41, 42, 43). Roofing and / or cladding support, intended for laying natural slate, synthetic slate, or flat tile roofing elements or any other small roofing elements, characterized in that said support (1, 101) carries fastening hooks (2, 102, 202) for covering elements, said fastening hooks being pre-positioned at regular intervals in at least one row. Support according to claim 5, characterized in that it comprises at least one profile (1, 101) supporting the fixing hooks (2, 102). Support according to claim 6, characterized in that said fixing hooks (2, 102) are mounted on said profile (1, 101) so as to be directed substantially in the longitudinal direction of the profile, said hooks being able to pivot from about 90 ° for fastening of cover elements. Support according to claim 6 or 7, characterized in that the profile consists of a wooden battens (1), said fastening hooks comprising a portion passing through said batten and whose curved end (21) abuts against the lower face (13) of the batten for maintaining said fixing hooks on the batten. Support according to claim 6 or 7, characterized in that the profile (101), for example of plastic material, comprises on its upper face a longitudinal groove extending over its entire length and having an inverted T-shaped cross section, each fixing hook comprising end retaining means (124, 125) adapted to retain the hook in the groove after insertion into said groove by one end of the profile. Support according to one of Claims 6 to 9, characterized in that it comprises at least two pre-hooked sections (1) assembled parallel to each other in a sheet (3), by means of flexible connection means (41, 42, 43) so that the hooks are staggered.

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