FR2542786A1 - Roofing or facade element - Google Patents

Abstract

These roofing or facade elements consist of strips 1 or plates 4, the surface of which corresponds to that of several rows of conventional elements, and the underface of which has, firstly, relief elements 2 corresponding to the outlines of the figured elements, secondly, interlocking ribs and grooves 3 and, finally, parallel to their lower longitudinal edge, profiled members 11 having perforations 12. The elements are assembled by means of hooks 6 having a cross-section which is equal to the outline of the perforations 12 in which there are inserted until one of their legs 7 bears elastically against the underface of the element 1a and the other leg 8 under a batten 5 or the next element 1b. The assembly is fixed to rafters by means of the same hooks, one of the legs of which has eyelets for nailing or screwing. The base of the roofing is fixed to the eaves by attaching, between the hook 6 and the batten 5, a special profiled member, one leg of which is used for supporting the base of the element and for clamping the hook and the other leg of which carries a flap with clamp forming a drip stone.

Description

 The roofs and some facade claddings are usually made with small elements obtained by the size of natural materials (rocks or wood) which thus give the slates, the slates, lavas, siding, etc ... or by baking clay who gives the tiles.

 Tests of synthetic materials representing the tile or the slate were tried, but always encountered problems of nesting and fixing. For the latter, several solutions, from plugs, screwed legs or reservations have been proposed. These relatively complex or crusty methods are rigid in design, making it difficult to adapt to the specific cases of each site; in addition, they necessarily require the presence of battens.

 All these materials are placed on frameworks generally made of wood, but which can also sometimes be metal or concrete. They are placed directly on battens, by nailing, hooks or interlocking reinforced nailing and paneling. The battens are nailed to rafters.

 Traditional materials, such as metallic coatings, are generally relatively heavy. For their installation, they require highly skilled labor. The duration of the installation is relatively long. All of these elements result in a relatively high short of these materials.

 It is therefore necessary to seek, using new techniques, products which, while retaining the aesthetics of traditional products, bring about a general lowering of the coats.

 The present invention describes a cover or facade reassembled element, either in the form of a strip or in the form of a plate corresponding to one or more rows of slates or common tiles.

 These elements are made of synthetic products, such as: resins, resin concretes with or without the incorporation of reinforcements, expanded foams, or sheet metal, wood or any other covering material.

 They have ribs and grooves necessary for interlocking which fulfill the sealing function, in particular by the presence of decompression chambers.

 In addition, they have reliefs on their underside, generally corresponding to the drawings of the connections of the figured elements. The reliefs of the sockets, in addition to their own function, provide rigidity to the plates which, while allowing the use of a minimum thickness of material, ensure perfect mechanical resistance. This resistance being essential in the face of wind and snow loads, traffic on the roof, resistance to deformation of the elements but also in the case of economy on the supports, for example by removing the battens.

 Finally, is fixed to the underside of the elements, parallel to their lower longitudinal edges ?, a profile cooperating with parts for ensuring the connection and fixing of these elements together.

 This profile is composed of a metal or synthetic angle. A wing of this angle iron, which has a deployed appearance, is intended to be embedded in the material either directly by molding in a smooth part or in one of the reliefs of the elements. It can also be fixed by adding material or bonding. The second wing has regular perforations, spaced 2 cm apart for example, intended to receive hooks.

 These are made of stainless steel or galvanized, with a certain elasticity. They are in section wire corresponding to the contour of the perforations of the profile, that is to say round, oval, square or polygonal and they have a shape of clamp.

They are threaded into the profile perforations at the time of installation and their particular shape allows them to instantly lock in their final position. They are supported on the underside of the plate in the direction of the upper part thereof. In the lower part, they pinch the lower plate and the strip simultaneously or only the lower plate if there are no strips.

 The installation is done by vertical presentation of the upper element on the base of the lower element. I1 then suffices to fold the first on the next batten.

 If you want to remove the battens, it is sufficient to give the hook pliers a lower height corresponding only to the thickness of the bottom plate.

 To fix the strips or plates on the rafters, another hook is used which is threaded at one end into a perforation in the profile, the other end has an eyelet which allows nailing in the rafter.

 Fixing the first row of elements to the sewer is easily obtained by using a special metal profile, nailed to the first row of battens. I1 allows, by lifting the lower part of the first plate to give it the same inclination as the following. I1 has a fold in which is fitted a special hook which fixes the bottom of the plate. Finally, on the side of the drain it ends in a bib with pliers forming a drip line. The hook is hooked into the profile by the introduction of the hook branches into the profile perforations.

The whole of the installation is treated in a general way, in the manner of the so-called mechanical tiles. The various parts of the structure (banks, ridges, hip bones) can be treated in the traditional way by metallic elements but more advantageously by specially molded strip elements
This system has significant advantages.

 It is practical and very easy to implement; the installation is quick and not very storytelling.

 I1 contributes to improving the mechanical resistance of the element to the effects of static and dynanic loads. It distributes the mechanical stresses of the fasteners over a larger surface of the element, thus improving the reliability of the fasteners.

 The perforations of the profile, at regular intervals, - give a very great flexibility of positioning of the fasteners according to the support pieces (rafters) or the necessities imposed by the accidents of the roof.

 The multiplicity of perforations makes it possible to increase or decrease the number of fixings according to local climatic data; in addition, the system fixes the elements at the top and bottom. These two features significantly improve the safety of the roof against tearing risks and contribute to strengthening its waterproofness.

 Disassembly and possible reassembly of damaged parts, for example, becomes possible. For disassembly, simply lever on the lower part of the element to release the hooks, then unclip the upper part. reassembly is then done in reverse, playing on the elasticity of the hooks.

 This hook system does not risk accidental deterioration by traffic on the roof, as is frequently the case with slate hooks.

 In addition, the system eliminates the battens, which represents a significant saving and significant time savings.

An exemplary embodiment of elements according to the invention, produced in molded plastic material, will be described in more detail below, by way of indicative and in no way limitative, with reference to the attached drawing in which
Figure 1 is a plan view of a strip element.

 Figure 2 is a plan view of a plate member.

 Figure 3 is a section showing the assembly of elements on battens.

FIG. 4 is a perspective view of the fixing detail in the main part seen from the underside of the element,
Figure 5 is a corresponding sectional view.

 Figure 6 is a detail view from below the element.

 Figure 7 is a view showing the attachment to the rafter.

 Figure 8 is a sectional view of the assembly of elements for a cover without battens.

 Figure 9 shows the attachment of the first element to the sewer.

 Figure 10 is a perspective view of the hook for fixing the first element to the sewer.

 The roofing, roofing or facade elements are made up, according to the invention, by strips which may be made of a molded synthetic material 1, of a length corresponding for example to eight common slates or tiles, subdivided by edges transverse 2 and having on their longitudinal edges the usual grooves and ribs casing 3 (Figure 1).

 These elements may consist of plates 4 with a surface corresponding for example to three rows of tiles or slates (Figure 2).

 These strips or plates can be assembled in the usual way on battens 5 (Figure 3). The adjacent elements 1a and 1b are hung with the usual overlap by the ribs and interlocking grooves 3. In the square slots 12 of a transverse profile 11, made of metal or plastic attached to the strip of the element parallel to its edge longitudinal, hooks 6 are engaged.

 These hooks, here of square section for the correct positioning in the square perforations of the profiles 11, have a branch 7 with protrusions 9 to be applied elastically under the underside of the element la and a bent branch of square the lower part 8 is applied under the batten 5, the bent part 13 of this hook being of a length equal to the thickness of the batten (Figures 4 and 5). The hook may have a bend 14 in the horizontal plane to rest on the underside of the element (Figure 6).

 The elements 1a, 1b of the strips 1 or plates 4 are fixed on the rafters 16 in the same way by the introduction of the hooks 6 into the perforations 12 of the profile 11 integral with the element just behind its interlocking 3 of the adjacent element 1b, but this hook has at its end 8 oscillations 15 for nailing or screwing on the rafters (FIG. 7).

 If there is a frame without battens, this assembly is carried out by giving the hooks the shape shown in Figure 8: 1 angled part 13 of the hook 6 has une.longueur- equal to the thickness of the element lb under which it will apply directly.

 The first row of elements 1 is attached to the sewer, is obtained by the use of a special profile bent several times on itself, a long branch 15 of which is nailed or screwed onto the first row of battens 5 and the second branch 16 encloses the ends 17 of a double hook 18 (FIGS. 9 and 10) whose branches 7 are engaged as previously in the perforations 12 of the profile 11.

 The end of this profile serves as a support for the last covering element lc to which it gives the desired inclination and it continues with a flap 19 terminated by a clamp 20 forming a drip line above the gutter (not shown).

 The number and the arrangement of the profiles 6 under the subface of each element parallel to its lower longitudinal edge behind the sockets are variable as desired.

The engagement of the hooks in the perforations of the profiles is an easy operation and the fixing is reliable whatever the forces to which the roof is subjected.

Claims (8)

- CLAIMS  1.- Roofing or facade elements characterized in that they are produced in the form of strips (l) or plates (4), preferably made of molded plastic, the surface of which corresponds to one or more rows of common elements cover and in that they have projecting on their sub-face transverse reliefs (2) corresponding to the connections of the figured elements and along their lateral edges, the usual grooves and interlocking ribs (3), as well as 'at least one longitudinal piece (11) fixed parallel near the edge of each element forming a support for removable parts for connecting the elements.  2.- Elements according to claim 1, characterized in that the support piece is a profile (11) secured to the underside of the elements parallel and near their lower longitudinal edges and having perforations (12) in which can be introduced the connecting pieces.  3.- Elements according to claims 1 and 2 characterized in that the connecting pieces are hooks (6) in metal wire of section corresponding to the outline of the perforations (12) of the profiles (11) through which they are introduced.  4.- Elements according to claim 3, characterized in that the hooks (6) have a slightly elastic branch (7) with support bosses (9) against the underside of the elements, a parallel branch (8) intended to rest against the underside of the next element 1b or under a strip (5) and a right-angled elbow (13) connecting its two branches of length equal to the thickness of an element- or that of a batten  5.- Elements according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the elements 1a, 1b are attached to the rafters (16) using the same hooks (6) engaged in the perforations (12) of the profiles (11) but whose end branch (8) has eyelets (15) for nailing or screwing on the rafters.  6.- Elements according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the fixing of the first lower row of element (1) to the sewer is obtained by the addition between the end of the hook (6) and the batten ( 5) of a profile, a branch (15) of which is nailed or screwed onto the batten 5, the branch (16) serves as an elevation support for the base of the last element and a clamp for the end (17) of the hook , this profile being continued by a flap (l9) with clamp (20) forming a drip line below the sewer.  7. Elements according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the hooks (6) have a bend (14) intended to form a support against the underside of the element to prevent it from rotating.  8.- Elements according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the profiles (11) are in the form of an angle iron, one wing of which has an alignment of perforations (12) and the other wing of which is fixed to the element either at molding, either by gluing, or by welding or screwing.