FR2779459A1 - METHOD OF CONSTRUCTING BUILDINGS - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention concerns a building method comprising reinforcements mutually linked by cables (5a, 5b, etc) forming loops located in substantially parallel planes at the structure base, characterised in that cables (6b, 6c, etc) are stretched, each one, between each reinforcement upper part, preferably in the form of a hyperbolic arc, and the lower part of the adjacent reinforcements, said cables passing beneath the sheet of cables (5a, 5b, etc).

Description

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  The present invention relates to a method of constructing buildings. The purpose of the present invention is to build a building whose floor area is completely clear to achieve, for example, a space for hosting exhibitions or a meeting place, using light materials whose implementation does not require, on site, the use of delayed hardening materials involving

the use of formwork.

  The method of the invention consists in using identical reinforcements, preferably in the form of a hyperbola arc, arranged, substantially along a circumference, assembled together at their upper part and at their lower part and joined by cables.

judiciously arranged.

  The present invention will be better understood from the description which

  will follow made with reference to the very schematic drawings, annexed by way of indicative example only, in which - Figure 1 is an elevational view of a structure produced according to the method of the invention: - Figure 2 is the top view of Figure 1; FIG. 3 is a partial view on a larger scale, similar to FIG. 2, more particularly illustrating an embodiment of the wiring of the fittings; FIG. 4 is a view, similar to FIG. 2, showing in the same figure two embodiments of the frames; FIG. 5 is a top view, partial and on a larger scale, showing an embodiment of a base intended to support the structure; FIG 6 is a view, similar to Figure 1, showing an alternative embodiment; FIG. 7 is the top view of FIG. 6, limited to its central part; FIG. 8 is a view, similar to FIG. 6, showing another characteristic of the method of the invention; FIG. 9 shows, in elevation, another embodiment of the frames. Referring to the drawings, it can be seen that the method of the invention proposes to produce a building structure 1 affecting

  substantially the shape of a hyperboloid of revolution.

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  The structure is produced using a plurality of reinforcements 2 (not all shown in the drawings), each having the shape of a hyperbola arc. These frames are assembled, in the upper part and in the lower part, according to two circumferences 3 and 4 which will be described later. This rigid structure is surrounded by a plurality of cables 5 (a, 5b, 5c etc.), each of said cables forming a polygonal loop which tends towards the circle if the number of reinforcements is large. Each loop

  is located in a plane parallel to the base of the building.

  The invention provides for using a second layer of cables stretched between the top of a frame and the lower part of the adjacent frames. Thus, if we consider Figure 3 we see that from the upper part of the frame 2a leave cables 6 (6b, 6c etc.) which are fixed, under tension to the lower part of the adjacent frames 2b, 2c etc. Likewise, cables 6d, 6e etc. are attached to the lower part of the adjacent reinforcements 2d, 2e etc. All these cables pass

under the cables 5.

  In order to increase the rigidity of this structure, the invention provides for the use of a third layer of cables 7, each cable being located in a vertical plane and joining the upper part of the structure and

  the lower one. This cable layer passes under the previous two.

  These cables 7 can extend under the reinforcements 2.

  As shown in Figure 4, each frame can be formed by the association of two frames 2, joined to their part

  lower by one side 8 so as to form a triangular frame 9.

  In the same way, one can associate two reinforcements 2 joined at their lower part by a side 8 and at their upper part by a side 10 to form a quadrangular reinforcement which can have a rectangular shape, if the sides 8 and 10 are equal or a trapezoidal shape

otherwise.

  The structure which has just been described may rest on a traditional masonry base or on a base produced by

  the entanglement of beams 11 assembled on site according to the process below

  below described with reference to Figure 5.

  The beam 11a rests on that 11b and extends above that 11c on which rests said beam 11b and so on. Beams

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  are assembled two by two at their point of contact 12 and rest

  all on the ground by one, 13, of their ends.

  Points 12 are equidistant and are located on a circumference which corresponds to that 4 of Figure 1. Each beam 1 1la is assembled to that 1 1 c, corresponding, in 1 4 through a wedge (not shown) . In this way, the beams 11a, 11b and 11c are assembled by forming a triangulated system, two of which contribute to forming the adjacent triangulated system. So we

  realizes a base, light but very rigid.

  To take into account the irregularities of the ground on which this base rests, the beams extend more or less beyond the points

assembly 12 and 14.

  As can be seen in FIG. 5, the reinforcements 2 are fixed to the base substantially at the right of the points 12. In the case of a triangular reinforcement the distance between two adjacent points 12 is substantially equal to the length of the sides 8. A result analogous can be obtained by fixing the armatures at points 14. The base which has just been described above can be used for

make the circumference 3.

  FIG. 6 shows an alternative embodiment according to which the circumference 3 is formed by the assembly, according to their large bases, of trapezoidal reinforcement 15, the association of the small bases of which forms a circumference 16. This conical structure can be stiffened by

  one or more of the cable plies described above.

  It emerges from the above description that it is possible to

  achieve, according to the invention, a light and rigid structure, completely free in its center (absence of post or load-bearing wall). This structure can be covered with the aid of a coating (not shown), constituted for example by a plurality of elements, transparent or not fixed on the reinforcements and on the conical structure

  described with reference to Figures 6 and 7.

  According to another characteristic of the process of the invention, the open circular space located at the upper part of the building can be closed off by an inflatable structure 17 whose largest diameter is

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  greater, as the case may be, than the diameter of the circumference 3 or that of the circumference 16, said inflatable structure being kept applied under the orifice

  correspondent by any known means (cables, nets, etc.).

  For buildings with a very flared shape at the base, we can use reinforcements having the configuration of that of Figure 9, that is to say a reinforcement whose curvature is reversed at a point P located towards its part lower. In this case, from the horizontal plane

  passing through inflection points P, cables 6 and 7 will extend

  above those 5 located below said plane.

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Claims (6)

  1-Method of construction of buildings consisting in using reinforcements (2, 9 or 11), identical, preferably in the form of a hyperbola arc, assembled together at their upper part and at their lower part and joined by cables stretched between them.   2-A method according to claim 1, consisting of encircling the construction by cables (5a, 5b, etc.) forming loops, each being located in a plane substantially   parallel to the base of the construction.   3-A method according to claim 2, consisting of stretching cables (6b, 6c, etc.) between the upper part of each frame (2) and that of the adjacent frame, said cables passing under the first layer of cables ( 5a, 5b, etc.) 4-A method according to any one of claims 2 and 3, consisting in using cables (7), located in a substantially vertical plane, stretched between the upper part of the structure (1) and that lower, said cables passing under the previous tablecloth (s).   -A method according to any one of claims 1 to 4,   consisting in resting the structure (1) on a base formed by a tangle of beams assembled together, a first (11a) resting and being fixed to a second beam (11lb) at a point (12), said first beam s 'extending above a third beam (11c) on which rests and is fixed said second beam and so on, all the beams resting on the ground by one of their ends. 6-Method se3on claim 5, characterized in that the assembly points of the beams are located on a circumference. 6 2779459   7-A method according to any one of claims 5 and 6,   characterized in that the first beam (1la) is assembled, at a point (14) to the third beam (11c) with the interposition of a suitable shim.   8-A method according to any one of claims 5 to 7,   characterized in that the beams extend beyond the joining points (12, 14) by a value which depends on the state of soil leveling.   9-A method according to any one of claims 1 to A,   characterized in that the upper orifice of the structure is closed by an inflatable structure (17) held under said orifice.   -A method according to any one of claims 1 to 9,   characterized in that the curvature of the reinforcements is reversed near their lower part at a point (P), the cables (6 and 7) extending above the cables (5) located below   of the plane passing through the inflection points (P).