FR2722912A1 - MEDIUM VOLTAGE ELECTRIC SWITCHES - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to medium voltage electrical switches. This switch comprises a casing (E) enclosing per pole, a first and a second main fixed contacts (1a, 2a) located along the internal wall of the casing (E), and cooperating with two main movable contacts (5a, 6a) carried by a conducting bridge (4) movable in rotation, and is characterized in that it comprises a vacuum switch (D) containing a fixed contact (9) and a contact movable (10), one (10) of the contacts of the bulb (8) being electrically connected to one (1a) of the fixed contacts of the switch, while the other (9) is electrically connected and temporarily to the bridge (4) by switching means (7, 16), and sequencing means cooperating with the switching means so that in the closed position, the contacts of the bulb are closed, and the second contact (9) of the bulb electrically connected to the conductive bridge (4) that during the opening of the switch is effected kills current switching and breaking through the bulb, and that during closing, the bulb contacts close only after closing of the two movable contacts (5a, 6a) of the conductive bridge (4).

Description

MEDIUM VOLTAGE ELECTRICAL SWITCHES

  The present invention relates to medium voltage rotary multipole electric switches or circuit breakers. There is known a medium voltage electric circuit breaker as described in document FR 2 655 766 of the applicant, comprising a sealed enclosure filled with a gas such as sulfur hexafluoride in which are arranged a pair of main contacts and a vacuum cartridge containing a pair of respectively fixed and movable aligned arcing contacts electrically connected in parallel with said main contacts. The aforementioned movable contact is slidably mounted in the cartridge while being connected to a control mechanism cooperating with the control mechanism of the main contacts so as to open the arcing contacts after the main contacts and close them before the main contacts. Gold,

  in this embodiment, the circuit is closed by the cut-off member, that is to say

  say the vacuum cartridge, which leads to significant design constraints at the level

cartridge.

  Also known is a multipole rotary switch as described in document FR 2 668 851 of the applicant, which consists mainly of a sealed revolution envelope filled with a gas with high dielectric strength, the inner periphery of which carries, by pole , a fixed input contact, a fixed output contact and a fixed earth contact. These contacts are angularly spaced and cooperate with a pivoting knife-shaped contact bridge carried by a rotary control shaft extending in the axis of the envelope, said shaft being able to selectively occupy three positions corresponding respectively to a position of opening, closing position, and grounding position of the switch. However, this switch does not use the cutoff technique

  in a vacuum with known advantages.

  The present invention solves the problem which consists in creating a multipolar rotary switch (or circuit breaker), using the technique of vacuum cutting, which is of simple design and of reduced bulk, and eliminating the design constraints, mainly dimensional, linked to the passage of the nominal current through the

  cutoff and the switch closing operation on the same cutoff member.

  To this end, the subject of the present invention is a medium-voltage multipolar electric switch of the kind comprising a casing filled with an insulating gas and containing, by pole, a first and a second fixed contact situated along the internal wall.

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  of the enclosure and connected respectively to an input terminal and an output terminal, said fixed contacts cooperating respectively with first and second movable contacts carried by a movable conductive bridge in rotation driven by a control mechanism to establish or interrupt the electrical circuit between the first and the second connection terminal, this switch being characterized in that it further comprises: - a vacuum interrupter containing a fixed contact and a movable contact mu in translation by an actuating mechanism coupled to the aforementioned control mechanism, one, said first, of the contacts of the bulb being electrically connected to the first aforementioned fixed contact of the switch, while the other, said second, is electrically and temporarily connected to the bridge by means of commutation; - And sequencing means intended to establish the opening and closing sequences of the movable contacts of the switch and of the bulb cooperating with the aforementioned switching means so that in the closed position, the contacts of the bulb are closed, the second contact of the bulb being electrically connected to the driver bridge, that during the opening operation, the arc associated with the first fixed and movable contacts commutes through the bulb, only after a certain degree of opening the bulb contacts open so as to cut the electrical circuit, and that during the closing operation of the switch, the bulb contacts do not close until the first and second

switch contacts.

  According to a particular characteristic, the switching means comprise a switching pad electrically connected to the second contact of the bulb and a switching finger, one of the ends of which is articulated around an axis substantially parallel to or concurrent with the axis of rotation of the conductive bridge, said finger electrically connecting the bridge to the aforementioned stud during switching of the arc and breaking of the circuit. According to a particular embodiment, one of the ends of the switching finger is connected in an articulated and electrically manner to the bridge, at an intermediate point thereof, while its other end is liable to come and remain in contact with the stud

  switching during switching and power failure.

  According to a particular characteristic, the conductive bridge comprises means for driving the finger in rotation, during the opening of the switch, after the switching and breaking of the circuit, and during closing, until the moment when the

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  first main mobile contact passes in front of the switching pad prior to

  complete closing of the switch.

  According to an alternative embodiment, the switching finger is hinged and electrically connected by one of its ends to the switching pad, while its other

  end cooperates with the first movable contact of the bridge.

  According to another characteristic, the switch comprises means for automatically returning the finger to the position of contact with the first fixed contact of the switch, and

  temporary attachment means of the finger on the first movable contact of the bridge.

  According to another characteristic, one of the fixed contacts of the switch is electrically connected to electric cables, while the other is electrically connected to a set.

bars.

  Advantageously, the switch further comprises a fourth fixed contact connected to the ground capable of being electrically connected by the conductive bridge to the fixed contact connected to the electric cables. According to a particular embodiment, the above-mentioned sequencing means comprise an extended fixed range provided on the aforementioned second fixed contact and a restricted fixed range

  provided on the first fixed contact.

  According to another embodiment, the above-mentioned sequencing means comprise two ranges

  fixed extensions provided respectively on the two fixed contacts.

  According to another characteristic, the mechanism for actuating the movable contact of the bulb comprises a cam driven in rotation by a shaft coupled to the drive mechanism of the driver bridge, said cam acting on two levers articulated by one of their ends around a same axis, said levers acting on an assembly slidingly mounted in a support and integral with the movable contact of the bulb, the profile of

  the cam defining the opening and closing sequences of the bulb contacts.

  The mobile assembly comprises two cylinders, respectively exterior and interior, provided with a bottom, said cylinders sliding one inside the other and comprising facing openings intended for the passage of the two levers between two axes integral with the interior cylinder. on which they are supported, said axes being slidably mounted by their ends in openings made on the one hand in the outer cylinder, and on the other

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  part in two flanges supporting the mechanism, elastic washers being compressed during assembly between the bottom of the inner cylinder and the bottom of the outer cylinder, said cylinder

  outside carrying the movable contact of the bulb.

  According to a variant, the actuation mechanism comprises a stud secured to the movable arcing contact and actuated by a drive mechanism cooperating with a dead center passage system comprising two links, each of the links having one end housed in an articulated manner in a semi-spherical housing belonging to a first part integral in translation with the movable arcing contact and one end housed in an articulated manner in a housing also semi-spherical belonging to a second fixed part, said links being resiliently held between these two parts , so that it can pivot around the axis of the semi-spherical housing provided in the room

  fixed when moving the moving contact.

  According to a particular embodiment, the two links are housed in an articulated manner, by one of their ends, in two semi-sherical recesses provided respectively in

  two opposite walls of the stud, and by their opposite end, in two semi-recesses

  spherical provided in two contact blades mounted in opposition, on which spring blades are applied, the contact and spring blades being fixed relative to the

mobile contact.

  According to a variant, the links are housed in an articulated manner, by one of their ends, in two semi-spherical recesses provided in a fixed support and by their opposite ends, in two semi-spherical recesses provided respectively in

  two contact blades mounted in opposition and fixed on the latter.

  The subject of the invention is also a vacuum interrupter intended in particular for cutting off in a interrupter, of the type comprising a substantially cylindrical envelope closed by two bottoms containing a fixed contact and a movable contact mu in translation by an actuating mechanism, this mechanism comprising the characteristics previously

  mentioned taken alone or in combination.

  But other advantages and characteristics of the invention will appear better in the

  detailed description which follows and refers to the appended drawings given only as a

  example and in which: FIGS. 1 to 5 illustrate a first embodiment of a rotary switch according to the invention in different positions corresponding respectively to a closed position,

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  an intermediate open position, an open position, an intermediate position of

  switch and a grounding position for the switch.

  FIG. 6 illustrates an alternative embodiment of a switch according to the invention, in different positions corresponding to the different opening and closing stages

previously mentioned.

  Figure 7 illustrates a perspective view of a first embodiment of the mechanism

  actuating the contacts of the vacuum interrupter used in the invention.

  Figure 8 illustrates a sectional view of the previous figure.

  Figure 9 illustrates in a sectional view, an alternative embodiment of the mechanism

  the bulb contacts.

  Figures 10 to 12 respectively illustrate a perspective view, a perspective view with cutaway, and a sectional view of the previous mechanism and Figures 13 and 14 two views

  in partial section of this same mechanism.

  In Figures 1 to 6, we see a three-pole medium voltage switch with gas isolation.

  This switch I is housed in an insulating enclosure E containing the active parts of the switch, which is placed in a sealed steel or metallized tank (not shown). The aforementioned tank contains an insulating gas preferably maintained at a pressure close to atmospheric pressure, while the pressure prevailing inside the insulating envelope E will preferably be equal to or greater than this pressure. It will be noted that the wall of the enclosure E can be that of a gas-insulated installation or station or that of a pole or of the three poles of the switch I. According to a first embodiment of the invention described on Figures 1 to 5, this switch I mainly comprises inside the above-mentioned insulating enclosure E and by pole: three studs 1, 2, 3 passing in leaktight manner through the wall of the enclosure E, a disconnector or conductive bridge 4, consisting of two non-parallel blades 5, 6, carried by a control shaft A extending in the axis of the envelope E, said shaft A being connected to an external control mechanism (not shown), and a vacuum interrupter 8 comprising a fixed contact 9 and a movable contact 10 electrically connected respectively to two interior studs 12 and 11 of the enclosure E, said movable contact 10 being connected to an actuation mechanism M. The first 1 of the studs crossing the enclosure wall E is connected electrically within the chamber at an inner pad 11 carrying a first fixed contact and form the outside of the enclosure, a connecting pad lb to a busbar B. The second pad 2 to form

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  outside the enclosure, a connection range 2b to electric cables C and inside a second fixed contact 2a. The third stud 3 passing through the wall of the enclosure forms, outside this enclosure, a connection pad 3b to earth T and inside the enclosure a third fixed contact 3a. These three fixed contacts la, 2a, 3a are intended to cooperate with two movable contacts 5a, 6a formed respectively at the free ends of the blades 5, 6 of the conductive bridge 4. According to this embodiment, the switch I further comprises a switching finger 7, one of the ends 7a of which is articulated around the same axis X as the disconnector 4 and the other end of which 7b is capable of coming into contact with the pad 12 called a switching pad, said pad 12 being placed inside of the enclosure E and electrically connected to the fixed contact 9 of the bulb 8. This switching finger 7 is mechanically connected to the bridge 4 so as to be rotated by said bridge, in the direction of opening of the switch I, as soon as the movable contact 5a exceeds the switching pad 12 and, in the closing direction, until the moment when

  same contact Sa passes again in front of the switching pad 12.

  In these figures, it can also be seen that the aforementioned second fixed contact 2a has a greater contact area 2c than the first fixed contact 1, this making it possible to establish the

  opening and closing sequences of the first and second movable contacts Sa, 6a.

  2o The MNI actuation mechanism of the vacuum interrupter 8 mainly consists of a cam 13 driven by a control mechanism (not shown) mechanically connected to the drive shaft A of the driver bridge 4, said cam 13 operating two levers 14,

  acting on a movable assembly N carrying the movable contact 10 of the vacuum interrupter 8.

  Referring more particularly to Figure 6, we see an alternative embodiment of the switch I of the invention. According to this embodiment, this switch I comprises substantially the same elements as that of the previous embodiment with a few differences. These differences are mainly due to the fact that the switching finger 16, of a length less than that of the previous embodiment, is mounted articulated by one of its ends 16a directly on the switching pad 12, while its

  opposite end 16b, cooperates with the first fixed contact 1a and the conductive bridge 4.

  On the other hand, according to this embodiment, the ground connection pad 3 is located between the two fixed contacts la, 2a on the side of the switching pad 12, unlike the first embodiment in which it is located on the side opposite the pad switching 12, and the two fixed contacts la, 2a, have extended contact areas lc, 2c. It will also be noted that the driver bridge consists of two parallel blades 5, 6, and that the first fixed contact 1a is connected to the cables C while the second fixed contact 2a is connected to the busbar B. This switch I also includes snap-in means or

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  for hooking (not shown) the movable contact 5a on the switching finger 16 allowing the disconnector 4 to drive said finger 16 over a certain rotational stroke of the disconnector 4, and means for automatically returning this finger 16 to a position in

  which it is again in contact with the first contact fixes the.

  Several specific embodiments of a vacuum interrupter will advantageously be used below to cut the electrical circuit in a interrupter

  in accordance with one or other of the embodiments previously described in Figures 1 to 6.

  According to these embodiments, this vacuum interrupter D comprises a bulb 8 consisting mainly of a substantially cylindrical envelope 8a containing two respectively fixed and movable contacts 9, 10, the fixed contact 9 being electrically connected to the switching pad 12 previously mentioned, while the movable contact 10 is slidably mounted through one 8b of the bottoms of the casing 8a while being connected to an actuation mechanism M. According to a first embodiment of the switch, described in FIGS. 7 and 8, this mechanism M comprises a cam 13 rotated by a shaft 21 coupled to the control shaft A of the driver bridge 4, said cam 13 acting on two levers 14, mounted articulated by one of their ends 14a, 15a, around a same axis Y and whose two opposite ends 14b, 15b form two arms in opposition cooperating with the cam 13. These two levers 14, 15 act on a movable assembly N connected to the movable contact 10 of the bulb 8. This movable assembly N comprises two pieces of substantially cylindrical shape 22, 23 respectively exterior and interior, provided with a bottom '22a, 23a, sliding one inside the other, said parts 22, 23 having orifices 22b, 23b facing each other intended to allow the passage of the two aforementioned levers 14, 15, said levers 14, 15 being supported on two axes 30, 31 integral with the inner cylinder 23 and sliding through other lights 22c formed in the outer cylinder 22. A set of elastic washers 32 is interposed between the two cylinders 22, 23, having been compressed during mounting between the two bottoms 22a, 23a of said parts 22, 23. This movable assembly N is guided in translation by means of two slots 33a respectively machined in two flanges 33, 34 located on either side of the mechanism M and it

serving as a support.

  According to a second embodiment of this vacuum switch, the actuation mechanism M of the bulb, as illustrated in FIG. 9 comprises, a pad 40 secured to the movable contact 10 of the bulb 8, said pad 40 being provided on its two respectively upper and lower faces 40a, 40b, of recess of semi-spherical shape intended to accommodate one of the ends of the two rods 41, 42, the two opposite ends of which 41a, 42a are held by two blades flexible contacts 43, 44 mounted in opposition. Note that

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  these parts are preferably made of copper alloy. Blades forming a spring 45, 46 are applied to the contact blades 43, 44 and maintain the pressure of the contacts

  hoses 43, 44 on the rods 41, 42 and on the pad 40.

  In Figures 10 to 14 we see another embodiment of an actuating mechanism M operating on the same principle as that of Figure 9 but whose structure differs significantly from that of this figure. In this figure, all of the aforementioned constituents are housed in a support 70 which also performs the function of guiding the movable contact, and the stud 40. The two links 41, 42 each have one end housed in a semispherical housing 60a provided in a fixed support 60 and one end housed in a recess 63a, 64a provided in two contact blades 63, 64 belonging to the same part. The links 41, 42 are held elastically between the support 60 and the blades

  contact 63, 64 by the spring blades 61. 62.

  The operation of the various embodiments of the invention will now be described using

  of the figures starting with that of the switch described in Figures 1 to 5.

  In Figure 1, the switch I is in the closed position. In this position, the two movable contacts 5a, 6a of the disconnector 4 are positioned respectively on the two fixed contacts la and 2a and the switching finger 7 is in contact with the switching pad 12. The vacuum interrupter 8 is in position closed, however, the main part of the current from the electric cables C passes through the fixed stud 2, the conductive bridge 4, the fixed stud 11 and the stud 1 connected to the busbar B, without passing through the switch at vacuum D. In FIG. 2, the conductive bridge 4 having been driven in the direction of opening of the switch I (see arrow), the first movable contact 5a of the bridge 4 is no longer in contact with the first contact fixes it, while the second movable contact 6a is still in contact with the second fixed contact 2a thanks to its extended contact range. In this position, the switching finger 7 is always in contact with the switching pad 12, so that as soon as the first movable contact 5a has left the first fixed contact la, the current passes through the switching finger 7, the pad switching 12, the vacuum interrupter 8, to the fixed stud 1. When this movable contact 5a is at a sufficient distance from the fixed contact la, so that there is no priming during cutting, the vacuum interrupter 8 opens and interrupts the nominal current. Then the first movable contact Sa of the bridge 4 is superimposed on the switching finger 7 and drives the latter towards the open position, at the same time as the second movable contact 6a leaves the second fixed contact 2a a in order to obtain the disconnection ( figure 3). In this position the disconnector 4 and the bulb 8 are open. During a closing operation of the switch I, the conductive bridge 4 is driven in the opposite direction to the previous one. In the process of closing, when

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  the second movable contact 6a comes into contact with the fixed contact 2a, the first movable contact 5a, driving in its travel the switching finger 7, passes in front of the switching pad 12 without touching it, while the switching finger 7 enters contact with this pad 12. From this moment, the switching finger 7 is detached from the movable contact 5a which continues its course of rotation until the first fixed contact la, while the second movable contact 6a slides on the second fixed contact 2a. As soon as the movable contact Sa comes into contact with the fixed contact la, the vacuum interrupter 8, which has remained open until this moment, closes (FIG. 1). For earthing the disconnector 4, the movable contacts a, 6a of the bridge 4 and the finger 7 are driven simultaneously to the closed earthing disconnector position, illustrated in FIG. 5, from the open position illustrated on Figure 3. In this position, it is the two movable contacts 5a, 6a which carry out the closure, the switching finger 7 playing no role, just like the vacuum interrupter 8 which remains open. It should be noted that the latter can close, if for reasons of construction the actuator brings it to this state, but this has no influence on the closing on short circuit. When the earthing switch is opened, the movable contacts 5a, 6a and the switching finger 7 are driven simultaneously to the open position (see FIG. 3). The vacuum interrupter 8 remains open, or else if it had closed when closed at the

earth, it opens again.

  The operation of the second embodiment of the switch will be described below with reference to FIG. 6. As in the previous embodiment, the switch I is closed when the conductive bridge 4 connects the first and second fixed contacts 1a, 2a, as illustrated in A, the vacuum interrupter 8 remaining closed, the main current flowing from the first contact fixes it connected to the cables C, through the bridge 4 and the second contact 2a connected to the busbar B. During an opening operation, the conductive bridge 4 is driven in the direction of the arrow and in its course drives the switching finger 16 which was in position D, to a position E. As soon as the first movable contact 5a located at a certain distance from the fixed contact la, so that there is no priming during cutting, the vacuum interrupter 8 opens and interrupts the nominal current. When the movable contact Sa arrives in position B and the switching finger 16 in position E, the finger 16 is detached from the movable contact 5a and is brought back by means of a return system in contact with the first fixed contact la. The movable contact 5a then continues its travel to the open position shown in C to obtain the isolation. During a closing maneuver, the movable contacts 5a, 6a of the bridge 4 rotate in the closing direction up to position A. When the movable contact Sa of the bridge 4 passes at the level of the switching finger 16, an attachment of the contact 5a on finger 16 is made, of the ratchet type,

  allowing a new drive of the finger 16 during a new opening maneuver.

  As soon as the movable contact 5a reaches the fixed contact la, the vacuum interrupter 8 closes.

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  The closing operation of the earthing switch is carried out when the conductive bridge 4 connects the pad 3 connected to the earth, to the fixed contact connected to the cables having like the second

  fixed contact 2a, an extended contact range lc.

  It will be noted that although FIGS. 1 to 6 have been described as illustrating a switch incorporating a vacuum interrupter designed to ensure the breaking of the nominal current, these figures can also be considered as describing a circuit breaker in which

  the vacuum interrupter is designed to cut off a short-circuit current.

  We therefore see that in these two different embodiments of the switch, the closure on

  nominal current or short-circuit current, is made by the contacts of the disconnector.

  The operation of the actuating mechanism M of a vacuum interrupter D will now be described with reference to FIGS. 7 and 8. A first clockwise rotation of the cam 13 generates a rotation in the same direction of the lever 15 which causes the '' lower axis

  31 downwards, the other lever 14 not being pressed.

  The lower axis 31 drives the inner cylinder 23 downward, which via

  elastic washers 32. drives the movable contact 10 and the outer cylinder 22.

  When the movable contact 10 comes into contact with the fixed contact 9 of the vacuum interrupter 8, it can no longer get loose. From this position of the contacts, the cam 13

  generates compression of the elastic washers 32 to ensure the contact pressure.

  During this compression of the elastic washers 32, the inner cylinder 23 slides in

the outer cylinder 22. The rotation in the opposite direction to the previous one of the cam 13 generates a

  rotation in the same direction of the lever 14 which drives the upper axis 30 upwards. It follows first of all a decompression of the elastic washers 32, then when the upper axis 30 comes into abutment on the upper part of the light 22c, it simultaneously drives the inner cylinders

  and outer 22, 23. The movable contact 10 being integral with the outer cylinder 22 is itself

  even driven to the "bulb open" position. This mechanism M can transmit significant forces to the contacts, requiring only a small angle of rotation. In addition

  the direction of the transmitted force is always coaxial with the axis of the movable contact.

  The operation of the mechanisms described in FIGS. 9 to 14 will be described below.

  il 2722912 Referring more particularly to FIG. 9, it can be seen that the displacement of the stud 40 causes the displacement of the connecting rods 41,42, of the contact blades 43,44, of the spring blades

  , 46, and the movable contact 10 to the position shown in dotted lines.

  Likewise, with particular reference to FIGS. 10 to 14, it can be seen that the movement of the lug 51 secured to the stud 40 is effected by means of the crank 50 comprising the light 52 allowing a dead stroke of this crank 50 before actuate the lug 51, said dead stroke making it possible to sequence the opening and the

  bulb 8 closed relative to those of the disconnector.

  This displacement of the lug will cause a displacement of the contact blades 63, 64 and spring blades 61, 62 (position shown in dotted lines) and a pivoting, with passage of neutral, of the links 41, 42. This is illustrated in particular in Figures 13 and 14 which illustrate the mechanism in two positions corresponding respectively to a position

  opening of the contacts 9, 10 of the bulb 8 and a closed position of said contacts.

  Note that in the closed position, the pressure on the contacts will be self-sustaining. This assembly constitutes a device with passing from neutral where the extreme positions A and B are stable, and where the closing pressure of the movable contact on the fixed contact is independent of the drive mechanism. This mechanism also allows the passage of current. It will also be noted that the form of flexible contacts could be arranged so as to generate an attraction between said contacts, as a function of the intensity which passes through them, this in order to cause a force antagonistic to the force of repulsion of the contacts of the bulb. Thanks to the invention, a medium voltage electric circuit breaker or switch has therefore been made, making it possible to eliminate the design constraints linked to the flow of current.

  nominal and to the closing operation on the breaking device.

  The specific designs on the one hand, of the movable contact and very particularly of the switching finger, and on the other hand of the actuation mechanism of the breaking member make it possible to obtain a three-position switch, particularly compact responding to

this goal.

  The invention has therefore made it possible to solve the problem of incorporating the cut-off member into the only opening (cut-off) operation which generates a sequence of

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  particular operation, the realization of this sequence being made complex because of significant deviations in the travel characteristics of the devices operating in a gas

  insulating at atmospheric pressure compared to devices operating in a vacuum.

  Of course, the invention is not limited to the embodiments described and illustrated which have been given only by way of example. On the contrary, the invention includes all the technical equivalents of the means described as well as their combinations if these are

carried out according to his spirit.

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Claims (21)

  1. Multipolar medium voltage electrical switch of the type comprising an envelope filled with an insulating gas and containing per pole. a first and a second fixed contact situated along the internal wall of the envelope and connected respectively to an input terminal and an output terminal, said fixed contacts cooperating respectively with a first and a second movable contacts carried by a bridge moving conductor in rotation driven by a control mechanism to establish or interrupt the electrical circuit between the first and second connection terminal, characterized in that it further comprises: - a vacuum interrupter (8) containing a fixed contact ( 9) and a movable contact (10) moved in translation by an actuating mechanism (M) coupled to the aforementioned control mechanism, one (10) of the contacts of the bulb, called the first arcing contact, being connected electrically at the first fixed contact (la) of the switch (I), -switching means electrically and temporarily connecting the other (9) of the bulb contacts, said second arcing contact, to the conductive bridge (4 ), - and hubs ns of sequencing intended to establish the sequences of opening and closing of the movable contacts of the switch (I) and of the bulb (8) cooperating with the aforementioned switching means (7, 12, 16) so that in the closed position, the contacts (9, 10) of the bulb (8) are closed and the second contact of the bulb (8) electrically connected to the driver bridge (4), only during an opening operation of the switch, the arc associated with the first fixed and mobile contacts of the switch (la and a) switches through the bulb (8), that after a certain degree of opening the arcing contacts (9 , 10) of the bulb (8) open so as to cut the electrical circuit, and that during the closing operation of the switch (I), the contacts (9, 10) of the bulb ( 8) do not close until the first and second have closed   fixed and movable switch contacts (I).   2. Switch according to claim 1, characterized in that the switching means (7, 12, 16) comprise a switching pad (12) electrically connected to the second arcing contact (9) of the bulb (8) and a switching finger (7, 16), one of the ends (7a, 16a) of which is articulated about an axis substantially parallel to or alternating with the axis (X) of rotation of the conductive bridge (4), said finger (7, 16) connecting 14 2722912   electrically the bridge (4) to the aforementioned stud (12) during the switching of the arc and the circuit break.   3. Switch according to claim 2, characterized in that one (7a) of the ends of the switching finger (7) is articulated and electrically connected to the bridge (4), at an intermediate point thereof, while its other end (7b) is likely to come and stay in contact with the switching pad (12) during switching and the power cut.   4. Switch according to claim 2, characterized in that the conductive bridge (4) comprises means for driving the finger in rotation (7), during the opening of the switch, after switching and breaking of the circuit, and when the switch closes until the first movable contact (Sa) of the bridge (4) passes in front of the switching pad (12) before the complete closure of the switch.   5. Switch according to claim 1 or 2. characterized in that the switching finger (16) is connected in an articulated manner and electrically, by one of its ends (16a), to the switching pad (12). while its other end (16b) cooperates with the first movable contact (Sa) of the bridge (4).   6. Switch according to claim 5, characterized in that it comprises means for automatically returning the finger (16) to the position of contact with the first fixed contact (la) of the switch (I), and means for temporary attachment of the finger (16) on the first movable contact (Sa) of the bridge (4).   7. Switch according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that   one of the fixed contacts of the switch (la or 2a) is electrically connected to electrical cables (C), while the other (2a or la) is electrically connected to a busbar (B). 2722912   8. Switch according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that   that it further comprises a fourth fixed contact (3a) connected to earth (T), capable of being electrically connected by the conductive bridge (4) to the fixed contact (la or 2a) connected to the electric cables (C).   9. Switch according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that   that the aforementioned sequencing means comprise an extended fixed range (2c) provided on the aforementioned second fixed contact (2a) and a restricted fixed range (lc) provided on the first fixed contact (la).   10. Switch according to any one of claims i to 8, characterized in that the   the aforementioned sequencing means comprise two extended fixed ranges (lc, 2c)   provided respectively on the two fixed contacts (la, 2a).   11. Switch according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that   that the actuation mechanism (M) of the movable arcing contact (10) of the bulb (8) comprises a cam (13) rotated by a shaft (21) coupled to the control mechanism (A) of the bridge conductor (4), said cam (13) acting on two levers (14, 15) articulated by one of their ends (14a, 15a) about the same axis (Y), said levers (14, 15) acting on an assembly (N) slidingly mounted in a support (33, 34) and integral with the movable contact (10) of the bulb (8), the profile of the cam (13) defining the opening and closing sequences of the contacts (9, 10) of the bulb (8). 12. Switch according to claim 11, characterized in that the movable assembly (N) comprises two cylinders (22, 23) having a bottom (22a, 23a), said cylinders (22, 23) sliding one at a inside of the other and comprising facing lights (22b, 23b) intended for the passage of the two levers (14, 15) between two axes (30, 31) integral with the interior cylinder (23) on which said levers (14,15 ) are supported, said pins (30, 31) being slidably mounted by their ends in slots (22a) formed on the one hand, in the outer cylinder (22), and on the other hand in two flanges (33, 34 ) belonging to the support of the mechanism (M), elastic washers (32) being compressed during mounting between the bottom (23a) of the inner cylinder (23) and the bottom (22a) 16 2722912   of the outer cylinder (22), said outer cylinder (22a) carrying the movable contact (10) bulb (8).   13. Switch according to any one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that the   MN actuation mechanism comprises a stud (40) integral with the movable arcing contact (10) and actuated by a drive mechanism (50) cooperating with a neutral passage system comprising two links (41,42), each of the rods comprising one end housed in an articulated manner in a semi-spherical housing (40a, 40b, 63a, 64a) belonging to a first part (40,63,64) integral in translation with the movable arcing contact (10) and one end housed in an articulated manner in a housing also semi-spherical (43a, 44a, 60a) belonging to a second fixed part (43,44,60), said rods (41,42) being resiliently held between these two parts (40 , 43,44 and 60,63,64), so as to be able to pivot around the axis of the semi-spherical housing provided in the fixed part (43) during the displacement of the movable contact (10). 14. Switch according to claim 13, characterized in that the two links (41,42) are housed in an articulated manner, by one of their ends, in two semi-sherical recesses (40a.40b) provided respectively in two walls opposite the stud (40), and by their opposite end, in two semi-spherical recesses (43a, 44a) provided in two contact blades (43,44) mounted in opposition, on which spring blades are applied (45, 46), the contact and spring blades being fixed compared to the mobile contact.   15. Switch according to claim 13, characterized in that the links (41,42) are   housed in an articulated manner, by one of their ends, in two semi-recesses   spherical (60a) provided in a fixed support (60) and by their opposite ends, in two semi-spherical recesses (63a, 64a) provided respectively in two blades   contact (63,64) mounted in opposition and fixed on the latter.   16. Vacuum interrupter switch intended in particular to ensure breaking in a switch, of the type comprising a substantially cylindrical envelope closed by two bottoms containing a fixed arcing contact and a movable arcing contact mu in translation by a mechanism actuation, characterized in that the mechanism 17 2722912   actuator (NI) comprises a cam (13) rotated by a shaft (21), said cam (13) acting on two levers (14,15) articulated by one of their ends (14a, 15a) around of the same axis (Y), said levers (14,15) acting on an assembly (N) slidingly mounted in a support (33,34) and carrying the movable contact (10) of the bulb (8), the profile of the cam (13) defining the opening and closing sequences   closing of the contacts (9,10) of the bulb (8).   17. Switch according to claim 16, characterized in that the mobile assembly (N) comprises two cylinders (22, 23) having a bottom (22a, 23a), said cylinders (22, 23) sliding one at a inside the other and comprising facing lights (22b, 23b) intended for the passage of the two levers (14, 15) between two axes (30, 31) integral with the internal cylinder (23) on which said levers are supported, said pins (30, 31) being slidably mounted by their ends in slots (33a) formed on the one hand in the external cylinder (22), and on the other hand in two flanges (33, 34) belonging to the support of the mechanism (M), elastic washers (32) being compressed during mounting between the bottom (23a) of the inner cylinder (23) and the bottom (22a) of the outer cylinder (22), said outer cylinder (22a) carrying the contact movable arc (10) of the bulb (8).   18. Vacuum interrupter switch of the kind comprising an envelope of substantially cylindrical shape closed by two bottoms and containing a fixed arcing contact and a movable arcing contact mu in translation by an actuating mechanism, characterized in that the the aforementioned mechanism comprises a stud (40) integral with the movable contact (10) and actuated by a drive mechanism (50) cooperating with a neutral passage system comprising two links (41,42), each of the   rods having one end hingedly housed in a semi-recess   spherical (40a, 40b, 63a, 64a) belonging to a first part (40,63,64) integral in translation with the movable arcing contact (10) and one end housed in an articulated manner in a housing also semi-spherical (43a , 44a, 60a) belonging to a second fixed part (43,44,60), said links (41,42) being resiliently held between these two parts (40,43,44 and 60,63,64)), so able to pivot around the axis of the housing (43a.44a, 60a) provided in the fixed part (43) when the contact is moved movable arc (10). 18 2722912   19. Switch according to claim 8, characterized in that the two links (41,42) are housed in an articulated manner, by one of their ends, in two semi-sherical recesses (40a, 40b) provided respectively in two walls opposite the stud (40), and by their opposite end in two semi-spherical recesses (43a, 44a) provided in two contact blades (43,44) mounted in opposition, on which spring blades are applied (45,46 ), the contact and spring blades being fixed compared to the mobile contact.   20. Switch according to claim 16, characterized in that the links (41,42) are   housed in an articulated manner, by one of their ends, in two semi-recesses   spherical (60a) provided in a fixed support (60) and by their opposite ends, in two semi-spherical recesses (63a, 64a) provided respectively in two blades   contact (63,64) mounted in opposition and fixed on the latter.   21. Switch according to any one of claims 18 to 20, characterized in that the   The aforementioned stud (40) is actuated by a crank (50) comprising a light (52) in which slides a lug (51) integral with the stud (40), said light (52) making it possible to   define the opening and closing sequences of the bulb contacts.