EP0542637B1 - Electrical circuit breaker with two vacuum switch tubes in series - Google Patents

Electrical circuit breaker with two vacuum switch tubes in series Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0542637B1
EP0542637B1 EP92420361A EP92420361A EP0542637B1 EP 0542637 B1 EP0542637 B1 EP 0542637B1 EP 92420361 A EP92420361 A EP 92420361A EP 92420361 A EP92420361 A EP 92420361A EP 0542637 B1 EP0542637 B1 EP 0542637B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
contacts
circuit breaker
movable
electrical circuit
contact
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP92420361A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0542637A1 (en
Inventor
Peter Malkin
Roger Bolongeat-Mobleu
Frédéric Burnaz
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Schneider Electric SE
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Schneider Electric SE
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Publication date
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Publication of EP0542637A1 publication Critical patent/EP0542637A1/en
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Publication of EP0542637B1 publication Critical patent/EP0542637B1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H33/00—High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
    • H01H33/60—Switches wherein the means for extinguishing or preventing the arc do not include separate means for obtaining or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid
    • H01H33/66—Vacuum switches
    • H01H33/666—Operating arrangements
    • H01H33/6661—Combination with other type of switch, e.g. for load break switches
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H33/00—High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
    • H01H33/02—Details
    • H01H33/04—Means for extinguishing or preventing arc between current-carrying parts
    • H01H33/12—Auxiliary contacts on to which the arc is transferred from the main contacts
    • H01H33/121—Load break switches
    • H01H33/122—Load break switches both breaker and sectionaliser being enclosed, e.g. in SF6-filled container

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a medium or high voltage electrical circuit breaker having, by pole, a support for two vacuum cartridges, each of which contains a pair of separable contacts, which pairs of contacts are electrically connected in series by an electrical connection, for an increase. of the voltage withstand of the pole and each comprise a movable contact, which two movable contacts are connected by a mechanical link to open and close the two pairs of contacts simultaneously under the action of a control mechanism.
  • a known circuit breaker (EP-A-342.603) of the kind mentioned, comprises two cartridges or vacuum ampoules, arranged one above the other, inside an elongated support, carried by an insulating console secured to 'a chassis.
  • the aforementioned known circuit breaker is very bulky and bulky, and it requires significant control energy, practically double that of a single cartridge. The incorporation of such a circuit breaker in a cell poses serious problems to which are added the risks of overheating which are also double.
  • an electric circuit breaker with medium voltage having by pole a support for a cartridge which contains a pair of separable arcing contacts one of which is movable, and a mechanism for command to open and close the contacts.
  • the cartridge is rigidly secured inside a sealed enclosure filled with a gas with high dielectric strength and includes an insulating envelope whose line of flight corresponds to the dielectric strength of the envelope in gas with high dielectric strength.
  • a pair of main contacts is arranged in the enclosure and electrically connected in parallel with the contacts arranged in arcing contacts of the vacuum cartridge, the pair of main contacts being controlled by the control mechanism to open before the contacts d arc and close after arcing contacts.
  • document EP-A-0 517 620 proposes the use of a pressure spring of pre-compressed contacts for the control of the vacuum interrupter of the circuit breaker disclosed in the aforementioned document EP-A-0 433 184.
  • the circuit breaker according to EP-A-0 517 620 also includes a single vacuum interrupter.
  • the present invention aims to allow the realization of an electric circuit breaker, with vacuum cartridge, having a truly increased dielectric strength.
  • circuit breaker according to the invention is defined in claim 1.
  • the vacuum cartridge advantageously includes a coil generating an axial magnetic field in the arc formation zone, and the arc contacts are made of a material with high resistivity, for example a refractory material or equivalent.
  • the main contacts are advantageously aligned, in the closed position, with two bushings arranged on opposite sides of the enclosure, so as to reduce the path of passage of the nominal current.
  • the vacuum cartridges are juxtaposed to this rectilinear trajectory of the current, in order to facilitate by reduction of the loop effect, the switching of the current in the shunting circuit, constituted by the vacuum cartridges.
  • the movable main contact can be a knife contact, swivel or rotary ensuring either a single cut, or a double cut.
  • the arrangement of the vacuum cartridges inside the enclosure filled with sulfur hexafluoride is determined by the general architecture of the circuit breaker and naturally depends on the number of cartridges to be incorporated into the enclosure.
  • two cartridges are arranged in parallel with their movable contact oriented on the same side and connected by a control bar.
  • Another advantageous arrangement is an aligned arrangement of the two vacuum cartridges arranged one after the other.
  • the two movable contacts of the vacuum cartridges face each other and are connected by a toggle system, ensuring the simultaneous control of the two movable contacts.
  • the control mechanism ensures, in the usual way, the prior opening of the main contacts and vice versa, the closing of the main contacts after that of the contacts of the vacuum cartridges acting as arcing contacts.
  • the control mechanism may include a rotary shaft passing through the wall of the enclosure and carrying inside this enclosure a control crank.
  • This control crank can be double or be made by two cranks, each integral of the control shaft, the cranks being connected by a link to the movable arcing contact, while the other is connected to the movable main contact. It is also possible to move the movable contacts, by mechanically interconnecting the arcing contacts and the main contact and by transmitting the control movement of the rotary shaft directly to one of these contacts, in particular to the movable main contact. .
  • Other control modes are of course conceivable without departing from the scope of the invention as claimed.
  • the circuit breaker according to the invention is particularly suitable for a medium voltage installation with gas insulation, the enclosure then comprising a grounded metal casing.
  • the same enclosure can contain the three poles of the circuit breaker, which allows an additional reduction of the total space requirement.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic elevational view of a circuit breaker according to the invention, the front wall being assumed removed.
  • Figure 2 is a view similar to that of Figure 1, showing an alternative embodiment of the circuit breaker.
  • a medium-voltage or high-voltage circuit breaker is housed in a sealed enclosure 10, the metal or insulating wall 11 of which can be that of an installation or station with gas insulation, or that of a pole or three poles of the circuit breaker.
  • the pole shown in Figure 1 has two sealed crossings 12,13, two conductors 14 of input and output 15 of the current which terminate outside the enclosure 10 by pads 16 of connection and inside , respectively by a fixed main contact 17, and by a support 18 of a movable main contact 19 in the form of a knife pivotally mounted on a fixed axis 20.
  • the movable main contact 19 is aligned with the bushings 12,13 and it cooperates with the fixed main contact 17 to close the main circuit connecting the input and output pads 16.
  • the enclosure 10 is filled with a gas with high dielectric strength, in particular sulfur hexafluoride at atmospheric pressure or under overpressure.
  • the enclosure 10 contains two vacuum cartridges 20, 21, of generally cylindrical shape, the longitudinal axes of which are parallel to each other and parallel to the direction of alignment of the bushings 12, 13.
  • the two cartridges 20, 21 are arranged one next to the other at the same level, and next to the main contacts 17, 19.
  • the two cartridges 20, 21 are identical and each comprise a fixed contact 22 which cooperates with a movable contact 23 mounted to slide, and extended by a control rod 24, sealingly passing through one of the bottoms 25 of the cartridge. empty 20.21.
  • the control rods 24 of the movable contacts 23 of the cartridges 20,21, which constitute arcing contacts, arranged on the same side, are secured by a transverse bar 26.
  • the two vacuum cartridges 20,21 are electrically connected in series in an auxiliary arc circuit constituted by a connecting conductor 27, from the bushing 12 to the fixed arcing contact 22 of the cartridge 20, by a bent conductor 28, from the connecting of the movable arcing contact 23 of the cartridge 20, via the metal bottom 25, at the fixed arcing contact 22, of the cartridge 21 and a conductor 29 for connecting the movable arcing contact 23 of the cartridge 21, via the metal bottom 25 to the bushing 13. It is easy to see that this auxiliary circuit constituted by the conductor 27, the cartridge 20, the conductor 28, the cartridge 21 and the conductor 29 is connected in parallel with the main contacts 17,19.
  • a rotary control shaft 30 passes through the wall 11 of the enclosure, and carries at its internal end, a crank with two arms 31, 32, one of which 31 is connected by a connecting rod 33 to the pivoting main contact 19, the other 32 of which is connected by a link 34 to a slide 35 secured to the crossbar 26.
  • the connection between the branch 32 and the link 34 comprises a buttonhole 36, which constitutes a dead travel connection , biased in extension by a precompressed spring 37.
  • the mechanism is arranged so that during an opening operation of the circuit breaker, controlled by a rotation of the shaft 30 anticlockwise, the arcing contacts 23 remain first closed time, thanks to the dead stroke 36.
  • the current which passed through the main contacts 17,19 is switched in the arcing circuit without arcing on the main contacts 17,19.
  • the cylindrical casing 38 of the vacuum cartridges 20,21 is made of ceramic material or glass with a smooth external surface, the axial length of which defines the critical line of flight of the cartridge 20,21. This axial length is determined as a function of the voltage, to ensure sufficient dielectric strength, and this length is notably less than that of a cartridge placed in air.
  • the series connection of the two cartridges 20,21 significantly increases and practically doubles the voltage withstand of the circuit breaker.
  • An axial magnetic field is generated by the path of the current in the arcing contacts 22,23, or by a coil (not shown) to generate a diffusion of the arcing and the high resistivity of the contact parts, contributes to reduce the currents induced in these contacts by this magnetic field.
  • FIG. 2 the same reference numbers are used to designate parts similar or identical to those of FIG. 1.
  • the aligned bushings 13,14 which each carry at their end a main fixed contact 17,39, cooperating with a movable main contact 40 in the form of a rotary contact bridge, coming in the closed position in contact with the fixed contacts 17,39, to constitute an aligned main circuit 14,40,13.
  • the vacuum cartridges 20,21 are arranged on the same parallel axis and adjacent to the main circuit 14,40,39.
  • the cartridges 20, 21 are spaced apart and their movable contact 23 face each other by cooperating with a toggle mechanism 41 interposed between the two movable arcing contacts 23.
  • At each contact rod 24 is articulated a connecting rod 42 ending at the opposite end by a buttonhole 43.
  • the two buttonholes 43 overlap and are crossed by an axis 44 carried by a connecting rod 45, articulated on the movable main contact 40.
  • a precompressed spring 37 biases the axis 44 towards the bottom of the buttonholes 43.
  • the circuit breaker being in open position, represented in FIG. 2, it is understood that a rotation in the anti-clockwise direction of the control shaft 30, causes a rotation of the movable main contact 40 towards the closed position, which rotation is transformed by the connecting rod 45 in a sliding movement to the right of the axis 44.
  • This translation of the axis 44 causes an extension of the knee pads constituted by the rods 42 and the contact rods 24, and a closing of the contacts arc 22.23.
  • the precompressed springs 37 do not intervene until the end of a closure of the arcing contacts 22, 23 and it is clear that these close simultaneously, the assembly being arranged so that they close before the main contacts 17,40,39, in a well known manner.
  • An electrical conductor 27 connects the bushing 14 to the fixed arcing contact 22 of the cartridge 20, while the two movable arcing contacts 23 are electrically connected by a conductor 46, and that the fixed arcing contact 22 of the cartridge 21 is connected by a conductor 47 to the bushing 13.
  • the auxiliary circuit 27,20,46,21,47 shunts the main contacts 17,40,39 and that the cartridges 20,21 are connected in series in this circuit auxiliary.
  • the operation is of course identical to that described above, with reference to FIG. 1, the use of a movable main contact 40 with double break improving the voltage withstand for a lower opening stroke.
  • the cartridges 20,21 are fixed to the wall 11 by any appropriate means, in particular by insulating supports (not shown) or in particular by the connection conductors (27,29; 27,46,47) arranged in supports secured to the wall 11.

Landscapes

  • High-Tension Arc-Extinguishing Switches Without Spraying Means (AREA)
  • Gas-Insulated Switchgears (AREA)
  • Arc-Extinguishing Devices That Are Switches (AREA)

Description

L'invention est relative à un disjoncteur électrique à moyenne ou haute tension ayant par pôle un support de deux cartouches à vide dont chacune contient une paire de contacts séparables, lesquelles paires de contacts sont connectées électriquement en série par une connexion électrique, pour une augmentation de la tenue en tension du pôle et comprennent chacune un contact mobile, lesquels deux contacts mobiles sont reliés par une liaison mécanique pour ouvrir et fermer simultanément les deux paires de contacts sous l'action d'un mécanisme de commande.The invention relates to a medium or high voltage electrical circuit breaker having, by pole, a support for two vacuum cartridges, each of which contains a pair of separable contacts, which pairs of contacts are electrically connected in series by an electrical connection, for an increase. of the voltage withstand of the pole and each comprise a movable contact, which two movable contacts are connected by a mechanical link to open and close the two pairs of contacts simultaneously under the action of a control mechanism.

Un disjoncteur connu (EP-A-342.603) du genre mentionné, comporte deux cartouches ou ampoules à vide, disposées l'une au dessus de l'autre, à l'intérieur d'un support allongé, porté par une console isolante solidaire d'un châssis. On sait que la tenue diélectrique des cartouches à vide est limitée et qu'il est extrêmement difficile de dépasser des tensions de chocs de 100 à 250KV. En connectant deux ou plusieurs cartouches en série, il est possible d'augmenter notablement cette tenue diélectrique et de réaliser des disjoncteurs à moyenne ou haute tension. Le disjoncteur connu précité est très volumineux et encombrant, et il nécessite une énergie de commande importante, pratiquement double de celle d'une cartouche unique. L'incorporation d'un tel disjoncteur dans une cellule pose de sérieux problèmes auxquels s'ajoutent les risques d'échauffement qui sont également doubles.A known circuit breaker (EP-A-342.603) of the kind mentioned, comprises two cartridges or vacuum ampoules, arranged one above the other, inside an elongated support, carried by an insulating console secured to 'a chassis. We know that the dielectric strength of vacuum cartridges is limited and that it is extremely difficult to exceed shock voltages from 100 to 250KV. By connecting two or more cartridges in series, it is possible to significantly increase this dielectric strength and to make medium or high voltage circuit breakers. The aforementioned known circuit breaker is very bulky and bulky, and it requires significant control energy, practically double that of a single cartridge. The incorporation of such a circuit breaker in a cell poses serious problems to which are added the risks of overheating which are also double.

Par ailleurs, est également connu d'après le document EP-A-0433 184 un disjoncteur électrique à moyenne tension ayant par pôle un support pour une cartouche qui contient une paire de contacts d'arc séparables dont un est mobile, et un mécanisme de commande pour ouvrir et fermer les contacts. La cartouche est rigidement assujettie à l'intérieur d'une enceinte étanche remplie d'un gaz à rigidité diélectrique élevée et comporte une enveloppe isolante dont la ligne de fuite correspond à la tenue diélectrique de l'enveloppe dans le gaz à rigidité diélectrique élevée. Une paire de contacts principaux est disposée dans l'enceinte et connectée électriquement en parallèle des contacts agencées en contacts d'arc de la cartouche à vide, la paire de contacts prinipaux étant commandée par le mécanisme de commande pour s'ouvrir avant les contacts d'arc et se fermer après les contacts d'arc.Furthermore, is also known from document EP-A-0433 184 an electric circuit breaker with medium voltage having by pole a support for a cartridge which contains a pair of separable arcing contacts one of which is movable, and a mechanism for command to open and close the contacts. The cartridge is rigidly secured inside a sealed enclosure filled with a gas with high dielectric strength and includes an insulating envelope whose line of flight corresponds to the dielectric strength of the envelope in gas with high dielectric strength. A pair of main contacts is arranged in the enclosure and electrically connected in parallel with the contacts arranged in arcing contacts of the vacuum cartridge, the pair of main contacts being controlled by the control mechanism to open before the contacts d arc and close after arcing contacts.

Enfin, le document EP-A- 0 517 620 (état de la technique selon l'article 54 (3) CBE) propose l'utilisation d'un ressort de pression de contacts précomprimé pour la commande de l'ampoule à vide du disjoncteur divulgué dans le document EP-A- 0 433 184 précité. Le disjoncteur selon EP-A-0 517 620 comprend aussi une seule ampoule à vide.Finally, document EP-A-0 517 620 (state of the art according to article 54 (3) EPC) proposes the use of a pressure spring of pre-compressed contacts for the control of the vacuum interrupter of the circuit breaker disclosed in the aforementioned document EP-A-0 433 184. The circuit breaker according to EP-A-0 517 620 also includes a single vacuum interrupter.

La présente invention a pour but de permettre la réalisation d'un disjoncteur électrique, à cartouche à vide, ayant une tenue diélectrique véritablement accrue.The present invention aims to allow the realization of an electric circuit breaker, with vacuum cartridge, having a truly increased dielectric strength.

Le disjoncteur selon l'invention est défini dans la revendication 1.The circuit breaker according to the invention is defined in claim 1.

En disposant les cartouches à vide de la manière décrite dans la demande de brevet européen EP-A- 0 433 184 de la demanderesse, dans une enceinte remplie d'hexafluorure de soufre, il est possible de réduire notablement les dimensions externes des cartouches et de ce fait, celles de l'enceinte. La connexion des deux cartouches à vide en parallèle des contacts principaux, également logés à l'intérieur de l'enceinte remplie d'hexafluorure de soufre, impose le passage du courant permanent par les contacts principaux, ce qui évite tout échauffement des cartouches à vide dont les contacts peuvent être en un matériau de forte résistivité, notamment en un matériau réfractaire résistant à l'action de l'arc. Les contacts des cartouches à vide qui constituent les contacts d'arc du disjoncteur ne sont pas parcourus par le courant permanent, et leur énergie de commande peut être réduite par l'emploi d'un ressort de pression de contacts précomprimé, de la manière décrite en détail dans la demande de brevet EP-A-0 517 620 mentionnée ci-dessus, demande à laquelle on se référera avantageusement pour de plus amples détails. Tous ces avantages des cartouches à vide disposées dans l'hexafluorure de soufre, en l'occurrence leur faible encombrement, leur faible énergie de commande et leur faible dissipation de chaleur, facilite le logement de deux ou de plusieurs cartouches à vide dans une même enceinte et commandés par un mécanisme commun. Il est ainsi possible de réaliser des disjoncteurs à haute tension alliant les avantages de l'isolation à l'hexafluorure de soufre, et ceux de la coupure dans le vide.By placing the vacuum cartridges in the manner described in European patent application EP-A-0 433 184 by the applicant, in an enclosure filled with sulfur hexafluoride, it is possible to significantly reduce the external dimensions of the cartridges and this fact, those of the enclosure. The connection of the two vacuum cartridges in parallel with the main contacts, also housed inside the enclosure filled with sulfur hexafluoride, requires the passage of permanent current through the main contacts, which prevents any heating of the vacuum cartridges the contacts of which can be made of a material of high resistivity, in particular of a refractory material resistant to the action of the arc. The contacts of the vacuum cartridges which constitute the arcing contacts of the circuit breaker are not traversed by the permanent current, and their control energy can be reduced by the use of a precompressed contact pressure spring, as described in detail in the patent application EP-A-0 517 620 mentioned above, request to which reference will advantageously be made for further details. All these advantages of the vacuum cartridges arranged in sulfur hexafluoride, in this case their small size, their low control energy and their low heat dissipation, facilitates the housing of two or more vacuum cartridges in the same enclosure. and controlled by a common mechanism. It is thus possible to produce high-voltage circuit breakers combining the advantages of insulation with sulfur hexafluoride, and those of breaking in vacuum.

La cartouche à vide comporte avantageusement une bobine engendrant un champ magnétique axial dans la zone de formation de l'arc, et les contacts d'arc sont en un matériau de forte résistivité, par exemple en un matériau réfractaire ou équivalent. Les contacts principaux sont avantageusement alignés, en position de fermeture, avec deux traversées disposées sur opposés de l'enceinte, de façon à réduire la trajectoire de passage du courant nominal. Les cartouches à vide sont juxtaposées à cette trajectoire rectiligne du courant, afin de faciliter par réduction de l'effet de boucle, la commutation du courant dans le circuit de shuntage, constitué par les cartouches à vide. Le contact principal mobile peut être un contact à couteau, pivotant ou rotatif assurant soit une simple coupure, soit une double coupure. La disposition des cartouches à vide à l'intérieur de l'enceinte remplie d'hexafluorure de soufre est déterminée par l'architecture générale du disjoncteur et dépend bien entendu du nombre de cartouches devant être incorporé à l'enceinte.The vacuum cartridge advantageously includes a coil generating an axial magnetic field in the arc formation zone, and the arc contacts are made of a material with high resistivity, for example a refractory material or equivalent. The main contacts are advantageously aligned, in the closed position, with two bushings arranged on opposite sides of the enclosure, so as to reduce the path of passage of the nominal current. The vacuum cartridges are juxtaposed to this rectilinear trajectory of the current, in order to facilitate by reduction of the loop effect, the switching of the current in the shunting circuit, constituted by the vacuum cartridges. The movable main contact can be a knife contact, swivel or rotary ensuring either a single cut, or a double cut. The arrangement of the vacuum cartridges inside the enclosure filled with sulfur hexafluoride is determined by the general architecture of the circuit breaker and naturally depends on the number of cartridges to be incorporated into the enclosure.

Dans un mode de mise en oeuvre préférentiel, deux cartouches sont disposées parallèlement avec leur contact mobile orienté d'un même côté et relié par une barre de commande. Une autre disposition avantageuse est une disposition alignée des deux cartouches à vide disposées l'une à la suite de l'autre. Dans ce dernier cas, les deux contacts mobiles des cartouches à vide se font face et sont reliés par un système de genouillère, assurant la commande simultanée des deux contacts mobiles.In a preferred embodiment, two cartridges are arranged in parallel with their movable contact oriented on the same side and connected by a control bar. Another advantageous arrangement is an aligned arrangement of the two vacuum cartridges arranged one after the other. In the latter case, the two movable contacts of the vacuum cartridges face each other and are connected by a toggle system, ensuring the simultaneous control of the two movable contacts.

Le mécanisme de commande assure de la manière usuelle, l'ouverture préalable des contacts principaux et inversement, la fermeture des contacts principaux après celle des contacts des cartouches à vide agissant en contacts d'arc. Le mécanisme de commande peut comporter un arbre rotatif traversant la paroi de l'enceinte et portant à l'intérieur de cette enceinte une manivelle de commande. Cette manivelle de commande peut être double ou être réalisée par deux manivelles, chacune solidaire de l'arbre de commande, des manivelles étant reliée par une biellette au contact d'arc mobile, tandis que l'autre est reliée au contact principal mobile. Il est également possible de réaliser le déplacement des contacts mobiles, en interconnectant mécaniquement les contacts d'arc et le contact principal et en transmettant le mouvement de commande de l'arbre rotatif directement à l'un de ces contacts, notamment au contact principal mobile. D'autres modes de commande sont bien entendu concevables sans sortir du cadre de l'invention telle que revendiquée.The control mechanism ensures, in the usual way, the prior opening of the main contacts and vice versa, the closing of the main contacts after that of the contacts of the vacuum cartridges acting as arcing contacts. The control mechanism may include a rotary shaft passing through the wall of the enclosure and carrying inside this enclosure a control crank. This control crank can be double or be made by two cranks, each integral of the control shaft, the cranks being connected by a link to the movable arcing contact, while the other is connected to the movable main contact. It is also possible to move the movable contacts, by mechanically interconnecting the arcing contacts and the main contact and by transmitting the control movement of the rotary shaft directly to one of these contacts, in particular to the movable main contact. . Other control modes are of course conceivable without departing from the scope of the invention as claimed.

Le disjoncteur selon l'invention est particulièrement approprié à une installation moyenne tension à isolation gazeuse, l'enceinte comportant alors une enveloppe métallique mise à la terre. La même enceinte peut contenir les trois pôles du disjoncteur, ce qui permet une réduction additionnelle de l'encombrement total.The circuit breaker according to the invention is particularly suitable for a medium voltage installation with gas insulation, the enclosure then comprising a grounded metal casing. The same enclosure can contain the three poles of the circuit breaker, which allows an additional reduction of the total space requirement.

D'autres avantages et caractéristiques ressortiront plus clairement de la description qui va suivre, de deux modes de mise en oeuvre de l'invention, donnés à titre d'exemple, et représentés aux dessins annexés dans lesquels:Other advantages and characteristics will emerge more clearly from the description which follows, of two embodiments of the invention, given by way of example, and represented in the appended drawings in which:

La figure 1 est une vue schématique en élévation d'un disjoncteur selon l'invention, la paroi avant étant supposée enlevée.Figure 1 is a schematic elevational view of a circuit breaker according to the invention, the front wall being assumed removed.

La figure 2 est une vue analogue à celle de la figure 1, montrant une variante de réalisation du disjoncteur.Figure 2 is a view similar to that of Figure 1, showing an alternative embodiment of the circuit breaker.

Sur les figures, un disjoncteur moyenne tension ou haute tension est logé dans une enceinte étanche 10, dont la paroi 11 métallique ou isolante peut être celle d'une installation ou d'un poste à isolation gazeuse, ou celle d'un pôle ou des trois pôles du disjoncteur. Le pôle représenté à la figure 1 comporte deux traversées étanches 12,13, deux conducteurs 14 d'entrée et de sortie 15 du courant qui se terminent à l'extérieur de l'enceinte 10 par des plages 16 de raccordement et à l'intérieur, respectivement par un contact principal fixe 17, et par un support 18 d'un contact principal mobile 19 en forme de couteau monté à pivotement sur un axe fixe 20. En position de fermeture du disjoncteur, le contact principal mobile 19 est aligné avec les traversées 12,13 et il coopère avec le contact principal fixe 17 pour fermer le circuit principal reliant les plages 16 d'entrée et de sortie. L'enceinte 10 est remplie d'un gaz à rigidité diélectrique élevée, notamment de l'hexafluorure de soufre à la pression atmosphérique ou en surpression.In the figures, a medium-voltage or high-voltage circuit breaker is housed in a sealed enclosure 10, the metal or insulating wall 11 of which can be that of an installation or station with gas insulation, or that of a pole or three poles of the circuit breaker. The pole shown in Figure 1 has two sealed crossings 12,13, two conductors 14 of input and output 15 of the current which terminate outside the enclosure 10 by pads 16 of connection and inside , respectively by a fixed main contact 17, and by a support 18 of a movable main contact 19 in the form of a knife pivotally mounted on a fixed axis 20. In the closed position of the circuit breaker, the movable main contact 19 is aligned with the bushings 12,13 and it cooperates with the fixed main contact 17 to close the main circuit connecting the input and output pads 16. The enclosure 10 is filled with a gas with high dielectric strength, in particular sulfur hexafluoride at atmospheric pressure or under overpressure.

L'enceinte 10 contient deux cartouches à vide 20,21, de forme générale cylindrique, dont les axes longitudinaux sont parallèles entre eux et parallèles à la direction d'alignement des traversées 12,13. Les deux cartouches 20,21 sont disposées l'une à côté de l'autre au même niveau, et à côté des contacts principaux 17,19. Les deux cartouches 20,21 sont identiques et comprennent chacune un contact fixe 22 qui coopère avec un contact mobile 23 monté à coulissement, et prolongé par une tige de commande 24, traversant d'une manière étanche l'un des fonds 25 de la cartouche vide 20,21. Les tiges de commande 24 des contacts mobiles 23 des cartouches 20,21, qui constituent des contacts d'arc, disposées d'un même côté, sont solidarisées par une barre transversale 26. Les deux cartouches à vide 20,21 sont connectées électriquement en série dans un circuit auxiliaire d'arc constitué par un conducteur de liaison 27, de la traversée 12 au contact fixe d'arc 22 de la cartouche 20, par un conducteur coudé 28, de liaison du contact mobile d'arc 23 de la cartouche 20, par l'intermédiaire du fond métallique 25, au contact fixe d'arc 22, de la cartouche 21 et un conducteur 29 de connexion du contact mobile d'arc 23 de la cartouche 21, par l'intermédiaire du fond métallique 25 à la traversée 13. Il est facile de voir que ce circuit auxiliaire constitué par le conducteur 27, la cartouche 20, le conducteur 28, la cartouche 21 et le conducteur 29 est connecté en parallèle des contacts principaux 17,19.The enclosure 10 contains two vacuum cartridges 20, 21, of generally cylindrical shape, the longitudinal axes of which are parallel to each other and parallel to the direction of alignment of the bushings 12, 13. The two cartridges 20, 21 are arranged one next to the other at the same level, and next to the main contacts 17, 19. The two cartridges 20, 21 are identical and each comprise a fixed contact 22 which cooperates with a movable contact 23 mounted to slide, and extended by a control rod 24, sealingly passing through one of the bottoms 25 of the cartridge. empty 20.21. The control rods 24 of the movable contacts 23 of the cartridges 20,21, which constitute arcing contacts, arranged on the same side, are secured by a transverse bar 26. The two vacuum cartridges 20,21 are electrically connected in series in an auxiliary arc circuit constituted by a connecting conductor 27, from the bushing 12 to the fixed arcing contact 22 of the cartridge 20, by a bent conductor 28, from the connecting of the movable arcing contact 23 of the cartridge 20, via the metal bottom 25, at the fixed arcing contact 22, of the cartridge 21 and a conductor 29 for connecting the movable arcing contact 23 of the cartridge 21, via the metal bottom 25 to the bushing 13. It is easy to see that this auxiliary circuit constituted by the conductor 27, the cartridge 20, the conductor 28, the cartridge 21 and the conductor 29 is connected in parallel with the main contacts 17,19.

Un arbre rotatif de commande 30 traverse la paroi 11 de l'enceinte, et porte à son extrémité interne, une manivelle à deux bras 31,32 dont l'une 31 est reliée par une biellette 33 au contact principal pivotant 19, et dont l'autre 32 est reliée par une biellette 34 à un coulisseau 35 solidaire de la barre transversale 26. La liaison entre la branche 32 et la biellette 34 comporte une boutonnière 36, qui constitue une liaison à course morte, sollicitée en extension par un ressort 37 précomprimé. Le mécanisme est agencé de manière qu'au cours d'une manoeuvre d'ouverture du disjoncteur, commandé par une rotation de l'arbre 30 dans le sens inverse des aiguilles d'une montre, les contacts d'arc 23 restent en un premier temps fermé, grâce à la course morte 36. Le courant qui passait par les contacts principaux 17,19, est commuté dans le circuit d'arc sans formation d'arc sur les contacts principaux 17,19. Une rotation poursuivie de l'arbre 30 provoque l'ouverture des contacts d'arc 23 et celle du disjoncteur. La manoeuvre inverse de fermeture, commandée par une rotation dans le sens des aiguilles d'une montre de l'arbre de commande 30, ferme en premier les contacts d'arc 23 et par la suite les contacts principaux 17,19, d'une manière bien connue des spécialistes. Le ressort précomprimé 37 n'intervient que sur une course très limitée entre la fermeture des contacts d'arc 22,23 et la fermeture des contacts principaux 17,19, ce qui permet de réduire notablement l'énergie de manoeuvre, de la manière décrite dans la demande EP-A-0517620 précitée à laquelle on se reportera avantageusement pour de plus amples détails sur le fonctionnement du mécanisme de commande.A rotary control shaft 30 passes through the wall 11 of the enclosure, and carries at its internal end, a crank with two arms 31, 32, one of which 31 is connected by a connecting rod 33 to the pivoting main contact 19, the other 32 of which is connected by a link 34 to a slide 35 secured to the crossbar 26. The connection between the branch 32 and the link 34 comprises a buttonhole 36, which constitutes a dead travel connection , biased in extension by a precompressed spring 37. The mechanism is arranged so that during an opening operation of the circuit breaker, controlled by a rotation of the shaft 30 anticlockwise, the arcing contacts 23 remain first closed time, thanks to the dead stroke 36. The current which passed through the main contacts 17,19 is switched in the arcing circuit without arcing on the main contacts 17,19. Continued rotation of the shaft 30 causes the opening of the arcing contacts 23 and that of the circuit breaker. The reverse closing operation, controlled by a clockwise rotation of the control shaft 30, first closes the arcing contacts 23 and then the main contacts 17,19, way well known to specialists. The precompressed spring 37 acts only on a very limited stroke between the closing of the arcing contacts 22,23 and the closing of the main contacts 17,19, which makes it possible to significantly reduce the operating energy, as described in the aforementioned application EP-A-0517620 to which reference will advantageously be made for further details on the operation of the control mechanism.

L'enveloppe cylindrique 38 des cartouches à vide 20,21 est en matière céramique ou en verre avec une surface externe lisse, dont la longueur axiale définie la ligne de fuite critique de la cartouche 20,21. Cette longueur axiale est déterminée en fonction de la tension, pour assurer une tenue diélectrique suffisante, et cette longueur est notablement inférieure à celle d'une cartouche placée dans l'air. La connexion en série des deux cartouches 20,21 augmente notablement et double pratiquement la tenue de tension du disjoncteur.The cylindrical casing 38 of the vacuum cartridges 20,21 is made of ceramic material or glass with a smooth external surface, the axial length of which defines the critical line of flight of the cartridge 20,21. This axial length is determined as a function of the voltage, to ensure sufficient dielectric strength, and this length is notably less than that of a cartridge placed in air. The series connection of the two cartridges 20,21 significantly increases and practically doubles the voltage withstand of the circuit breaker.

Le courant permanent parcourt les contacts principaux 14,17,19,13, et les pièces de contacts des contacts d'arc 22,23 peuvent être en un matériau de forte résistivité, puisqu'ils ne sont parcourus par le courant que pendant la courte durée de commutation du courant dans le circuit auxiliaire. Un champ magnétique axial est engendré par la trajectoire du courant dans les contacts d'arc 22,23, ou par une bobine (non représentée) pour engendrer une diffusion de l'arc et la forte résistivité des pièces de contacts, contribue à réduire les courants induits dans ces contacts par ce champ magnétique.The permanent current flows through the main contacts 14,17,19,13, and the contact parts of the arcing contacts 22,23 can be made of a material of high resistivity, since they are traversed by the current only during the short switching time of the current in the auxiliary circuit. An axial magnetic field is generated by the path of the current in the arcing contacts 22,23, or by a coil (not shown) to generate a diffusion of the arcing and the high resistivity of the contact parts, contributes to reduce the currents induced in these contacts by this magnetic field.

Il est facile de voir qu'un nombre supérieur de cartouches à vide 20,21 peut être logé dans l'enceinte 10, et que l'invention n'est pas limitée à une disposition particulière de ces cartouches, ou à une struture particulière de celles-ci. Le mécanisme de commande et la structure des contacts principaux peuvent également modifiés, de la manière décrite par la suite, en référence à la figure 2.It is easy to see that a greater number of vacuum cartridges 20.21 can be accommodated in the enclosure 10, and that the invention is not limited to a particular arrangement of these cartridges, or to a particular structure of these. The control mechanism and the structure of the main contacts can also be modified, as described below, with reference to FIG. 2.

Sur la figure 2, les mêmes numéros de référence sont utilisés pour désigner des pièces analogues ou identiques à celles de la figure 1. On reconnait les traversées alignées 13,14 qui portent chacune à leur extrémité un contact fixe principal 17,39, coopérant avec un contact principal mobile 40 en forme de pont de contacts rotatifs, venant en position de fermeture au contact des contacts fixes 17,39, pour constituer un circuit principal aligné 14,40,13. Les cartouches à vide 20,21 sont disposées sur un même axe parallèle et adjacent au circuit principal 14,40,39. Les cartouches 20,21 sont espacées et leur contact mobile 23 se font face en coopérant avec un mécanisme à genouillère 41 intercalé entre les deux contacts mobiles d'arc 23. A chaque tige de contacts 24 est articulée une biellette 42 se terminant à l'extrémité opposée par une boutonnière 43. Les deux boutonnières 43 se superposent et sont traversées par un axe 44 porté par une bielle de liaison 45, articulé sur le contact principal mobile 40. Un ressort précomprimé 37 sollicite l'axe 44 vers le fond des boutonnières 43. Le disjoncteur étant en position ouverte, représentée sur la figure 2, on comprend qu'une rotation dans le sens inverse des aiguilles d'une montre de l'arbre de commande 30, provoque une rotation du contact principal mobile 40 vers la position de fermeture, laquelle rotation est transformée par la bielle 45 en un mouvement de coulissement vers la droite de l'axe 44. Cette translation de l'axe 44 provoque une extension des genouillères constituée par les biellettes 42 et les tiges de contacts 24, et une fermeture des contacts d'arc 22,23. Les ressorts précomprimés 37 n'interviennent qu'en fin de course d'une fermeture des contacts d'arc 22,23 et il est clair que ceux-ci se ferment simultanément, l'ensemble étant agencé pour qu'ils se ferment avant les contacts principaux 17,40,39, d'une manière bien connue.In FIG. 2, the same reference numbers are used to designate parts similar or identical to those of FIG. 1. We recognize the aligned bushings 13,14 which each carry at their end a main fixed contact 17,39, cooperating with a movable main contact 40 in the form of a rotary contact bridge, coming in the closed position in contact with the fixed contacts 17,39, to constitute an aligned main circuit 14,40,13. The vacuum cartridges 20,21 are arranged on the same parallel axis and adjacent to the main circuit 14,40,39. The cartridges 20, 21 are spaced apart and their movable contact 23 face each other by cooperating with a toggle mechanism 41 interposed between the two movable arcing contacts 23. At each contact rod 24 is articulated a connecting rod 42 ending at the opposite end by a buttonhole 43. The two buttonholes 43 overlap and are crossed by an axis 44 carried by a connecting rod 45, articulated on the movable main contact 40. A precompressed spring 37 biases the axis 44 towards the bottom of the buttonholes 43. The circuit breaker being in open position, represented in FIG. 2, it is understood that a rotation in the anti-clockwise direction of the control shaft 30, causes a rotation of the movable main contact 40 towards the closed position, which rotation is transformed by the connecting rod 45 in a sliding movement to the right of the axis 44. This translation of the axis 44 causes an extension of the knee pads constituted by the rods 42 and the contact rods 24, and a closing of the contacts arc 22.23. The precompressed springs 37 do not intervene until the end of a closure of the arcing contacts 22, 23 and it is clear that these close simultaneously, the assembly being arranged so that they close before the main contacts 17,40,39, in a well known manner.

Un conducteur électrique 27 relie la traversée 14 au contact d'arc fixe 22 de la cartouche 20, tandis que les deux contacts mobiles d'arc 23 sont connectés électriquement par un conducteur 46, et que le contact d'arc fixe 22 de la cartouche 21 est relié par un conducteur 47 à la traversée 13. On voit que le circuit auxiliaire 27,20,46,21,47 shunte les contacts principaux 17,40,39 et que les cartouches 20,21 sont connectées en série dans ce circuit auxiliaire. Le fonctionnement est bien entendu identique à celui décrit ci-dessus, en référence à la figure 1, l'emploi d'un contact principal mobile 40 à double coupure améliorant la tenue en tension pour une course d'ouverture inférieure.An electrical conductor 27 connects the bushing 14 to the fixed arcing contact 22 of the cartridge 20, while the two movable arcing contacts 23 are electrically connected by a conductor 46, and that the fixed arcing contact 22 of the cartridge 21 is connected by a conductor 47 to the bushing 13. We see that the auxiliary circuit 27,20,46,21,47 shunts the main contacts 17,40,39 and that the cartridges 20,21 are connected in series in this circuit auxiliary. The operation is of course identical to that described above, with reference to FIG. 1, the use of a movable main contact 40 with double break improving the voltage withstand for a lower opening stroke.

Les cartouches 20,21 sont fixées à la paroi 11 par tout moyen approprié, notamment par des supports isolants (non représentés) ou notamment par les conducteurs de connexion (27,29; 27,46,47) agencés en supports solidarisés à la paroi 11.The cartridges 20,21 are fixed to the wall 11 by any appropriate means, in particular by insulating supports (not shown) or in particular by the connection conductors (27,29; 27,46,47) arranged in supports secured to the wall 11.

Claims (9)

  1. A medium or high voltage electrical circuit breaker having per pole a support (27, 29; 27, 46, 47) of at least two vacuum cartridges (20, 21) each of which contains a pair of separable contacts (22, 23), which pairs of contacts are electrically connected in series by an electrical connection (28, 46) to increase the voltage withstand of the pole and which both comprise a movable contact (23), which two movable contacts (23) are connected by a mechanical connection (26; 44) to open and close the two pairs of contacts (22, 23) simultaneously due to the action of an operating mechanism (30, 41), a circuit breaker wherein :
    - the two cartridges (20, 21) are rigidly secured inside a sealed enclosure (10), filled with a high dielectric strength gas, which contains said electrical connection (28; 46) between the pairs of contacts (22, 23) and said mechanical connection (26; 44) between the movable contacts (23),
    - each vacuum cartridge (20, 21) comprises an insulating housing (38) whose creepage distance corresponds to the dielectric withstand of the housing in the high dielectric strength gas, a pair of main contacts (17, 19; 17, 39, 40) arranged in said enclosure (10) is electrically connected in parallel with the pairs of contacts arranged as arcing contacts (22, 23) of the two serially mounted vacuum cartridges (20, 21), and is operated by said operating mechanism (30) to open before the arcing contacts (22, 23) and to close after the arcing contacts,
    - and said operating mechanism (30, 41) of the movable arcing contacts (23) comprises a dead travel link (31-36; 42-45) biased in extension by a precompressed contact pressure spring (37) with limited action travel, so that in the course of a closing operation of the circuit breaker, said spring (37) successively undergoes an increased compression followed by a reduction of this compression at the end of the closing movement, and inversely that in the course of an opening operation, said spring (37) successively undergoes an increased compression followed by a reduction of this compression and a separation of the arcing contacts (22, 23).
  2. The electrical circuit breaker according to claim 1, characterized in that each vacuum cartridge (20, 21) comprises means for producing an axial magnetic field in the formation zone of an arc, drawn inside the cartridge when separation of the arcing contacts (22, 23) takes place.
  3. The electrical circuit breaker according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the arcing contacts (22, 23) are made of a material with a high resistivity, in particular of a refractory material.
  4. The electrical circuit breaker according to claim 1, 2 or 3, characterized in that said enclosure (10) comprises two tight bushings (13, 14) arranged respectively as input and output conductor, the two bushings (13, 14) and the main contacts (17, 19; 17, 40, 39), in. the closed position, being appreciably aligned, and that the vacuum cartridges (20, 21) are arranged in parallel and next to the line defined by the bushings and the main contacts (17, 19; 17, 40, 39).
  5. The electrical circuit breaker according to claim 4, characterized in that the two vacuum cartridges (20, 21) are arranged next to one another with their movable contacts (23) facing the same side, and that the mechanical link between these two movable contacts (23) comprises a bar (26) connected to the operating mechanism (30).
  6. The electrical circuit breaker according to claim 4, characterized in that the two vacuum cartridges (20, 21) are aligned and arranged following one another with their movable contacts (23) facing one another, and that the mechanical link (41) between these two movable contacts (23) comprises a toggle (42,44).
  7. The electrical circuit breaker according to any one of the foregoing claims, characterized in that said main contacts (17, 40, 39) perform double breaking.
  8. The electrical circuit breaker according to claim 5, characterized in that the operating mechanism comprises a rotary operating shaft (30) penetrating tightly into said enclosure (10) where it bears two cranks (31, 32), one (32) connected by a connecting rod (34) to the bar (26) linking the two movable arcing contacts (23), and the other (31) connected by a connecting rod (33) to the movable main contact (19) arranged as a pivoting contact.
  9. The electrical circuit breaker according to claim 6, characterized in that the operating mechanism comprises a rotary operating shaft (30) penetrating tightly into said enclosure (10) where it bears a crank (31) connected to the movable main contact (40) arranged as a rotary contact, and that said toggle (42, 44) operating the movable arcing contacts (23) is connected by a connecting rod (45) to the rotary main contact (40).
EP92420361A 1991-10-17 1992-10-14 Electrical circuit breaker with two vacuum switch tubes in series Expired - Lifetime EP0542637B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR9113062 1991-10-17
FR9113062A FR2682807B1 (en) 1991-10-17 1991-10-17 ELECTRIC CIRCUIT BREAKER WITH TWO VACUUM CARTRIDGES IN SERIES.

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0542637A1 EP0542637A1 (en) 1993-05-19
EP0542637B1 true EP0542637B1 (en) 1997-07-23

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP92420361A Expired - Lifetime EP0542637B1 (en) 1991-10-17 1992-10-14 Electrical circuit breaker with two vacuum switch tubes in series

Country Status (7)

Country Link
US (1) US5347096A (en)
EP (1) EP0542637B1 (en)
JP (1) JPH05266770A (en)
CA (1) CA2080517A1 (en)
DE (1) DE69221080T2 (en)
ES (1) ES2106153T3 (en)
FR (1) FR2682807B1 (en)

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Also Published As

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FR2682807B1 (en) 1997-01-24
FR2682807A1 (en) 1993-04-23
DE69221080D1 (en) 1997-09-04
DE69221080T2 (en) 1998-01-15
ES2106153T3 (en) 1997-11-01
US5347096A (en) 1994-09-13
JPH05266770A (en) 1993-10-15
EP0542637A1 (en) 1993-05-19
CA2080517A1 (en) 1993-04-18

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