EP0240397A1 - Self-blast electrical circuit breaker with a rotating arc - Google Patents

Self-blast electrical circuit breaker with a rotating arc Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0240397A1
EP0240397A1 EP87400575A EP87400575A EP0240397A1 EP 0240397 A1 EP0240397 A1 EP 0240397A1 EP 87400575 A EP87400575 A EP 87400575A EP 87400575 A EP87400575 A EP 87400575A EP 0240397 A1 EP0240397 A1 EP 0240397A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
arc
electrode
coil
circuit breaker
chamber
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Granted
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EP87400575A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0240397B1 (en
Inventor
Georges Bernard
Pierre Leclercq
Serge Olive
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Merlin Gerin SA
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Merlin Gerin SA
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Publication of EP0240397A1 publication Critical patent/EP0240397A1/en
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H33/00—High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
    • H01H33/70—Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid
    • H01H33/98—Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid the flow of arc-extinguishing fluid being initiated by an auxiliary arc or a section of the arc, without any moving parts for producing or increasing the flow
    • H01H33/982—Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid the flow of arc-extinguishing fluid being initiated by an auxiliary arc or a section of the arc, without any moving parts for producing or increasing the flow in which the pressure-generating arc is rotated by a magnetic field

Definitions

  • the arc capture electrode is attached to the front front face of the coil, and the tubular fixed or semi-fixed arcing contact is set back from the electrode at l inside the coil.
  • the switching of the arc on the electrode causes the supply coil to be energized after the contacts are separated.
  • the centering effect of the arc by the action of the field is accentuated by the pneumatic blowing during the exhaust phase of the gases by the communication conduits between the breaking chamber and the expansion chamber. This results in a possibility of re-striking the arc root anchored on the electrode towards the fixed arcing contact, causing an almost total shunting of the coil.
  • the decrease in the magnetic field in the arc zone causes the rotation of the arc roots to stop. The extinction of the arc is then compromised.
  • the coil is generally traversed by the entire arc current during a short circuit generating a large magnetic field in the breaking zone. Too rapid rotation of the arc under the action of this field can hamper the cooling of the arc.
  • the object of the invention is to provide a self-expanding and rotating arc circuit breaker having a reliable arc extinguishing device, without the risk of de-energizing the magnetic blow-out coil.
  • the circuit breaker according to the invention is characterized in that the fixed or semi-fixed arcing contact piece is surrounded coaxially by the coil by being electrically connected at one of its ends in connection with the front end face, and that the electrode is electrically isolated from the fixed arcing contact and from said anterior front face by an interval while being connected on the other hand to the opposite end of the coil by a bypass circuit, disposed in the breaking chamber, at the exterior of the coil, said electrode being arranged to capture a fraction of the arc current, so that the magnetic field generated by the coil in the breaking zone remains substantially constant, when the value of the intensity of the short circuit current exceeds a predetermined threshold.
  • the electrode covers the front front face of the coil, with the interposition of said isolation interval, and has an annular edge for capturing the arc, allowing passage axial of the movable arc contact part towards the closed position, the fixed arc contact part being slightly set back relative to said edge of the electrode.
  • the arc current When the arc current is not very large, the arc remains anchored between the fixed and movable arc contact parts, and moves in rotation under the action of the magnetic field created by the permanent excitation of the coil. The arc does not migrate on the electrode, causing the absence of current in the bypass circuit. If a predetermined threshold is exceeded, in the event of a major short-circuit, the current is automatically distributed in the coil and the branch circuit. The excitation current of the coil is limited to a certain value allowing the maximum amplitude of the magnetic field in the arc zone to be adjusted. The excess current is shunted by the branch circuit.
  • the annular rim of the electrode is advantageously equipped with a metallic extension of revolution, in particular cylindrical or curved, projecting from the fixed arc contact piece in the direction of the first support tube of the movable arc contact piece.
  • the electrode can also play the role of a cooling element participating in the deionization of the arc in the breaking zone.
  • a pole of an electric circuit breaker comprises an arc extinguishing device 10 with self-blowing by thermal expansion and with a rotating arc.
  • the pole is housed in a sealed, cylindrical casing 12, filled with electronegative insulating gas with high dielectric strength, in particular sulfur hexafluoride SF 6, under an appropriate pressure.
  • the casing 12 made of insulating material is internally subdivided into a first breaking chamber 14 containing the arc extinguishing device 10, and at least a second expansion chamber 16 allowing the escape of the breaking gases from the first chamber 14.
  • the circuit breaker comprises a pair of separable arcing contacts 18, 20, hollow, arranged inside the first chamber 14 in alignment with the axial direction of the casing 12. The main contact system for the passage of the nominal current in the absence of a fault is not shown in the figures.
  • the movable arcing contact 1 8 is carried by a first support tube 22 of conductive material passing axially sliding a cylindrical radial wall 24 of the breaking chamber 1 4.
  • the tube 22 is mechanically secured to a control rod of a operating mechanism (not shown), and is provided with an axial duct 26 which communicates with the second expansion chamber 16 through orifices 28.
  • the fixed arcing contact 20 is formed by a conductive annular track having an inside diameter equal to that of the movable arcing contact 18 to allow the contacts 18, 20 to abut, in the closed position.
  • the track of the fixed arcing contact 20 constitutes a short-circuit ring fixed by welding to the front end face 30 of an electromagnetic coil 32 for rotating the electric arc drawn during the separation of the arcing contacts. 18, 20.
  • the cylindrical coil 32 is fixed and is located in the first chamber 14, being carried by a second support tube 34 fixed in conductive material, which passes through a wall 36 of the chamber 14 opposite the other wall 24.
  • An axial conduit 38 is formed in the second support tube 34, and communicates with the expansion chamber 16 through orifices 40.
  • a cylindrical partition 42 surrounds the two walls 24, 36, radial to delimit the first chamber 14. pole break.
  • the partition 42 may have any other suitable shape, for example spherical or ellipsoidal.
  • the fixed arcing contact 20 is attached on the other hand to a hollow internal bushing 44, made of ferromagnetic material, surrounded coaxially by the coil 32 with the interposition of an insulating sheath 46.
  • One end of the coil 32 is electrically connected to the tail of the track of the fixed arcing contact 20, and the opposite end is connected to a conductive sleeve 48 in connection with the second support tube 34.
  • Bolts 49 for assembly ensure the mechanical fixing of the coil 32 to the sleeve 48.
  • An annular electrode 50 is connected to the sleeve 48 by a bypass conductor 52 which externally surrounds the coil 32 inside the chamber 14.
  • the electrode 50 is formed by a conductive ring extending radially along the front face 30 front of the coil 32, and separated from the latter by an axial gap 54 of thin thickness.
  • the inside diameter of the annular electrode 50 is greater than the outside diameter of the sliding arcing contact 18 to allow the latter to end up with the fixed arcing contact 20 in the closed position.
  • the fixed arcing contact 20 is in slight axial withdrawal relative to the free end of the electrode 50.
  • FIG. 2 it can be seen that the rotation of the arc X in the cut-off zone 56 is due to the action of the radial component BR of the magnetic field B (see diagram in point M).
  • the axial component Ba of the magnetic field B tends to maintain the arc X in the vicinity of the center to reinforce the anchoring of the arc roots on the fixed and movable arcing contacts 18.
  • This centering effect of the arc X is accentuated by the centripetal gas blowing, during the self-expansion phase, generating a double reverse flow of the gases through the exhaust ducts 26, 38.
  • the combined action of the magnetic field B and the gas blowing on the arc ensures permanent excitation of the coil 32.
  • a fraction Y of the arc is picked up by the electrode 50, so as to cause a distribution of the arc current through the coil 32 and the external branch circuit 52.
  • the excitation of the coil 32 is not interrupted during the cut-off phase and results from the fraction X of the arc current lying in parallel on fraction Y.
  • the intensity of the magnetic field B in the breaking zone 56 is therefore limited to a predetermined threshold, independently of the value of the short-circuit current.
  • the arc migration threshold on the electrode 50 of the bypass circuit 52 depends on the thickness of the axial gap 54, on the shape and on the spatial position of the electrode 50 in the breaking chamber 14, as well as the electrical resistivity of the conductive material constituting the bypass circuit 52.
  • the additional fraction Y of the arc current is flowing in the bypass circuit 52 to shunt the coil 32.
  • the partial arc Y also rotates under the action of field B and disappears as soon as the intensity of the arc current falls below a predetermined value.
  • the presence of the annular metal electrode 50 in the breaking chamber 14 makes it possible to cool the arc roots to promote its extinction.
  • the material of the electrode 50 is copper, or a copper alloy.
  • the electrode 50 can also play the role of a phase shift ring between the magnetic field B, generated by the coil 32 and the arc current, so as to improve the blowing, in particular when the current crosses zero. It can thus be provided with a radial slot, if one does not want a phase shift between magnetic field and current.
  • the priming electrode 50 can have different shapes as shown in FIG. 3, in particular an axial cylindrical socket 50a (lower half-view) extending the conductive radial ring of the branch circuit 52, or an extension 50 b curved in conductive material projecting from the fixed arcing contact 20 (upper half-view).
  • the movable arcing contact 18 in translation can also cooperate with an arcing contact 20 semi-fixed subjected to the action of a return spring, or with a fixed arcing contact 20 in the form of a clamp.
  • An intermediate ring 60 of insulating material, can be inserted in the axial gap 54 formed between the electrode 50 and the front end face 30 of the coil 32.
  • a second annular electrode 62 can be associated with the electrode 50 of the branch circuit 52.

Abstract

L'invention est relative à un disjoncteur électrique à autoexpansion et à arc tournant isolé au SF 6. Le contact d'arc fixe est solidarisé à la face frontale antérieure (30) de la bobine (32) de soufflage magnétique. Une électrode (50) est isolée électriquement du contact d'arc fixe (20) et coiffe la face frontale antêrieure (30) en étant connectée à l'extrémité opposée de la bobine (32) par un circuit de dérivation (52). L'électrode (50) est agencée pour capter une fraction du courant d'arc, de manière à ce que le champ magnétique engendré dans la zone de coupure (54) par la bobine (32) reste sensiblement constant lorsque la valeur de l'intensité du courant de court-circuit dépasse un seuil prédéterminé.The invention relates to a self-expanding electric circuit breaker with a rotating arc insulated with SF 6. The fixed arcing contact is secured to the front front face (30) of the magnetic blow coil (32). An electrode (50) is electrically isolated from the fixed arcing contact (20) and covers the front end face (30) while being connected to the opposite end of the coil (32) by a branch circuit (52). The electrode (50) is arranged to capture a fraction of the arc current, so that the magnetic field generated in the cut-off zone (54) by the coil (32) remains substantially constant when the value of the short-circuit current intensity exceeds a predetermined threshold.

Description

L'invention est relative à un disjoncteur électrique à autoexpansion et à arc tournant, logé dans une enveloppe étanche remplie d'un gaz isolant à rigidité diélectrique élevée, notamment d'hexafluorure de soufre, et comprenant un dispositif d'extinction d'arc disposé dans une première chambre de coupure, susceptible de communiquer par des voies d'échappement avec une deuxième chambre adjacente d'expansion, ledit dispositif d'extinction d'arc de chaque pôle comportant :

  • - un système de contacts séparables ayant une pièce de contact d'arc mobile montée à coulissement dans la première chambre et susceptible de coopérer en position de fermeture avec une pièce de contact d'arc fixe ou semi-fixe,
  • - une bobine de soufflage magnétique agencée dans la première chambre pour engendrer un champ magnétique dans la zone de coupure, engendrant la rotation de l'arc lors de la séparation des pièces de contacts d'arc,
  • - des conduits de communication à l'intérieur des pièces de contact d'arc creuses pour constituer lesdites voies d'échappement du gaz comprimé de la première chambre vers la deuxième chambre d'expansion,
  • - et une électrode de captation de l'arc électrique dans la zone de coupure.
The invention relates to a self-expanding electric circuit breaker with a rotating arc, housed in a sealed envelope filled with an insulating gas with high dielectric strength, in particular sulfur hexafluoride, and comprising an arc extinguishing device disposed in a first breaking chamber, capable of communicating via exhaust routes with a second adjacent expansion chamber, said arc extinguishing device of each pole comprising:
  • - a separable contact system having a movable arcing contact piece mounted to slide in the first chamber and capable of cooperating in the closed position with a fixed or semi-fixed arcing contact piece,
  • - a magnetic blowing coil arranged in the first chamber to generate a magnetic field in the breaking zone, causing the arc to rotate during the separation of the arcing contact pieces,
  • communication conduits inside the hollow arc contact pieces to constitute said compressed gas exhaust paths from the first chamber to the second expansion chamber,
  • - and an electrode for capturing the electric arc in the breaking zone.

Dans un disjoncteur connu du genre mentionné, l'électrode de captation de l'arc est accolée à la face frontale antérieure de la bobine, et le contact d'arc fixe ou semi-fixe tubulaire se trouve en retrait de l'électrode à l'intérieur de la bobine. La commutation de l'arc sur l'électrode provoque l'excitation de la bobine de soufflage après la séparation des contacts. L'effet de centrage de l'arc par l'action du champ est accentué par le soufflage pneumatique pendant la phase d'échappement des gaz par les conduits de communication entre la chambre de coupure et la chambre d'expansion. Il en résulte une possibilité de réamorçage de la racine d'arc ancrée sur l'électrode vers le contact d'arc fixe, entraînant un shuntage presque total de la bobine. La diminution du champ magnétique dans la zone d'arc provoque l'arrêt de la rotation des racines d'arc. L'extinction de l'arc est alors compromise.In a known circuit breaker of the kind mentioned, the arc capture electrode is attached to the front front face of the coil, and the tubular fixed or semi-fixed arcing contact is set back from the electrode at l inside the coil. The switching of the arc on the electrode causes the supply coil to be energized after the contacts are separated. The centering effect of the arc by the action of the field is accentuated by the pneumatic blowing during the exhaust phase of the gases by the communication conduits between the breaking chamber and the expansion chamber. This results in a possibility of re-striking the arc root anchored on the electrode towards the fixed arcing contact, causing an almost total shunting of the coil. The decrease in the magnetic field in the arc zone causes the rotation of the arc roots to stop. The extinction of the arc is then compromised.

La bobine est parcourue généralement par la totalité du courant d'arc lors d'un court-circuit engendrant un champ magnétique important dans la zone de coupure. Une rotation trop rapide de l'arc sous l'action de ce champ peut entraver le refroidissement de l'arc.The coil is generally traversed by the entire arc current during a short circuit generating a large magnetic field in the breaking zone. Too rapid rotation of the arc under the action of this field can hamper the cooling of the arc.

L'objet de l'invention consiste à réaliser un disjoncteur à autoexpansion et à arc tournant ayant un dispositif d'extinction d'arc fiable, sans risque de desexcitation de la bobine de soufflage magnétique.The object of the invention is to provide a self-expanding and rotating arc circuit breaker having a reliable arc extinguishing device, without the risk of de-energizing the magnetic blow-out coil.

Le disjoncteur selon l'invention est caractérisé en ce que la pièce de contact d'arc fixe ou semi-fixe est entourée coaxialement par la bobine en étant raccordée électriquement à l'une de ses extrémités en liaison avec la face frontale antérieure, et que l'électrode est isolée électriquement du contact d'arc fixe et de ladite face frontale antérieure par un intervalle en étant connectée d'autre part à l'extrémité opposée de la bobine par un circuit de dérivation, disposé dans la chambre de coupure, à l'extérieur de la bobine, ladite électrode étant agencée pour capter une fraction du courant d'arc, de manière à ce que le champ magnétique engendré par la bobine dans la zone de coupure reste sensiblement constant, lorsque la valeur de l'intensité du courant de court-circuit dépasse un seuil prédéterminé.The circuit breaker according to the invention is characterized in that the fixed or semi-fixed arcing contact piece is surrounded coaxially by the coil by being electrically connected at one of its ends in connection with the front end face, and that the electrode is electrically isolated from the fixed arcing contact and from said anterior front face by an interval while being connected on the other hand to the opposite end of the coil by a bypass circuit, disposed in the breaking chamber, at the exterior of the coil, said electrode being arranged to capture a fraction of the arc current, so that the magnetic field generated by the coil in the breaking zone remains substantially constant, when the value of the intensity of the short circuit current exceeds a predetermined threshold.

L'électrode coiffe la face frontale antérieure de la bobine, avec interposition dudit intervalle d'isolement, et présente un rebord annulaire de captation de l'arc, autorisant le passage axial de la pièce de contact d'arc mobile vers la position de fermeture, la pièce de contact d'arc fixe se trouvant légèrement en retrait par rapport audit rebord de l'électrode.The electrode covers the front front face of the coil, with the interposition of said isolation interval, and has an annular edge for capturing the arc, allowing passage axial of the movable arc contact part towards the closed position, the fixed arc contact part being slightly set back relative to said edge of the electrode.

Lorsque le courant d'arc n'est pas très important, l'arc reste ancré entre les pièces de contact d'arc fixe et mobile, et se déplace en rotation sous l'action du champ magnétique crée par l'excitation permanente de la bobine. L'arc ne migre pas sur l'électrode, entraînant l'absence de courant dans le circuit de dérivation. Un dépassement d'un seuil prédéterminé, dans le cas d'un court-circuit important provoque une répartition automatique du courant dans la bobine et le circuit de dérivation. Le courant d'excitation de la bobine est limité à une certaine valeur permettant d'ajuster l'amplitude maximum du champ magnétique dans la zone d'arc. L'excédent de courant est shunté par le circuit de dérivation.When the arc current is not very large, the arc remains anchored between the fixed and movable arc contact parts, and moves in rotation under the action of the magnetic field created by the permanent excitation of the coil. The arc does not migrate on the electrode, causing the absence of current in the bypass circuit. If a predetermined threshold is exceeded, in the event of a major short-circuit, the current is automatically distributed in the coil and the branch circuit. The excitation current of the coil is limited to a certain value allowing the maximum amplitude of the magnetic field in the arc zone to be adjusted. The excess current is shunted by the branch circuit.

Le rebord annulaire de l'électrode est avantageusement équipé d'une extension métallique de révolution, notamment cylindrique ou incurvée, faisant saillie de la pièce de contact d'arc fixe en direction du premier tube support de la pièce de contact d'arc mobile.The annular rim of the electrode is advantageously equipped with a metallic extension of revolution, in particular cylindrical or curved, projecting from the fixed arc contact piece in the direction of the first support tube of the movable arc contact piece.

L'électrode peut également jouer le rôle d'un élément refroidisseur participant à la désionisation de l'arc dans la zone de coupure.The electrode can also play the role of a cooling element participating in the deionization of the arc in the breaking zone.

D'autres avantages et caractéristiques ressortiront plus clairement de la description qui va suivre d'un mode de réalisation de l'invention, donné à titre d'exemple non limitatif et représenté au dessin annexé dans lequel :

  • - la figure 1 est une vue en élévation en coupe axiale d'une partie d'un pôle de disjoncteur à autoexpansion selon l'invention, représenté sur la demi-vue supérieure en position de fermeture, et sur la demi-vue inférieure en position d'ouverture ;
  • - la figure 2 est une vue partielle à échelle agrandie de la figure 1, montrant l'agencement du dispositif d'extinction d'arc ;
  • - la figure 3 est une variante de la figure 2.
  • - la figure 4 est une autre variante de la figure 2.
Other advantages and characteristics will emerge more clearly from the description which follows of an embodiment of the invention, given by way of nonlimiting example and represented in the appended drawing in which:
  • - Figure 1 is an elevational view in axial section of a portion of a self-expanding circuit breaker pole according to the invention, shown in the upper half-view in the closed position, and in the lower half-view in the position opening;
  • - Figure 2 is a partial view on an enlarged scale of Figure 1, showing the arrangement of the arc extinguishing device;
  • - Figure 3 is a variant of Figure 2.
  • - Figure 4 is another variant of Figure 2.

Sur les figures 1 et 2, un pôle d'un disjoncteur électrique comporte un dispositif d'extinction d'arc 10 à autosoufflage par expansion thermique et à arc tournant. Le pôle est logé dans une enveloppe 12 étanche et cylindrique, remplie de gaz isolant électronégatif à rigidité diélectrique élevée, notamment d'hexafluorure de soufre SF 6, sous une pression approprié. L'enveloppe 12 en matériau isolant est subdivisée intérieurement en une première chambre de coupure 14 renfermant le dispositif d'extinction d'arc 10, et au moins une deuxième chambre d'expansion 16 autorisant l'échappement des gaz de coupure en provenance de la première chambre 14. Le disjoncteur comprend une paire de contacts d'arc séparables 18, 20, creux, agencés à l'intérieur de la première chambre 14 en alignement avec la direction axiale de l'enveloppe 12. Le système de contacts principaux pour le passage du courant nominal en l'absence de défaut n'est pas représenté sur les figures.In FIGS. 1 and 2, a pole of an electric circuit breaker comprises an arc extinguishing device 10 with self-blowing by thermal expansion and with a rotating arc. The pole is housed in a sealed, cylindrical casing 12, filled with electronegative insulating gas with high dielectric strength, in particular sulfur hexafluoride SF 6, under an appropriate pressure. The casing 12 made of insulating material is internally subdivided into a first breaking chamber 14 containing the arc extinguishing device 10, and at least a second expansion chamber 16 allowing the escape of the breaking gases from the first chamber 14. The circuit breaker comprises a pair of separable arcing contacts 18, 20, hollow, arranged inside the first chamber 14 in alignment with the axial direction of the casing 12. The main contact system for the passage of the nominal current in the absence of a fault is not shown in the figures.

Le contact d'arc mobile 1 8 est porté par un premier tube support 22 en matériau conducteur traversant à coulissement axial une paroi 24 radiale cylindrique de la chambre de coupure 1 4. Le tube 22 est solidarisé mécaniquement à une tige de commande d'un mécanisme de manoeuvre (non représenté), et est doté d'un conduit 26 axial qui communique avec la deuxième chambre d'expansion 16 par des orifices 28.The movable arcing contact 1 8 is carried by a first support tube 22 of conductive material passing axially sliding a cylindrical radial wall 24 of the breaking chamber 1 4. The tube 22 is mechanically secured to a control rod of a operating mechanism (not shown), and is provided with an axial duct 26 which communicates with the second expansion chamber 16 through orifices 28.

Le contact d'arc fixe 20 est formé par une piste annulaire conductrice ayant un diamètre intérieur égal à celui du contact d'arc mobile 18 pour permettre un aboutement des contacts 18, 20, en position de fermeture. La piste du contact d'arc fixe 20 constitue une bague en court-circuit fixée par soudage à la face frontale 30 antérieure d'une bobine 32 électromagnétique de mise en rotation de l'arc électrique tiré lors de la séparation des contacts d'arc 18, 20. La bobine 32 cylindrique est fixe et se trouve dans la première chambre 14 en étant portée par un deuxième tube support 34 fixe en matériau conducteur, lequel traverse une paroi 36 de la chambre 14 à l'opposé de l'autre paroi 24. Un conduit 38 axial est ménagé dans le deuxième tube support 34, et communique avec la chambre d'expansion 16 par des orifices 40. Une cloison 42 cylindrique entoure les deux parois 24, 36, radiales pour délimiter la première chambre 14 de.coupure du pôle. La cloison 42 peut avoir toute autre forme appropriée, par exemple sphérique ou ellipsoidale. Le contact d'arc fixe 20 est accolé d'autre part à une douille 44 interne creuse, en, matériau ferromagnétique, entouré coaxialement par la bobine 32 avec interposition d'un fourreau 46 isolant. L'une des extrémités de la bobine 32 est connectée électriquement à la queue de la piste du contact d'arc fixe 20, et l'extrémité opposée est reliée à un manchon 48 conducteur en liaison avec le deuxième tube 34 support. Des boulons 49 d'assemblage assurent la fixation mécanique de la bobine 32 au manchon 48.The fixed arcing contact 20 is formed by a conductive annular track having an inside diameter equal to that of the movable arcing contact 18 to allow the contacts 18, 20 to abut, in the closed position. The track of the fixed arcing contact 20 constitutes a short-circuit ring fixed by welding to the front end face 30 of an electromagnetic coil 32 for rotating the electric arc drawn during the separation of the arcing contacts. 18, 20. The cylindrical coil 32 is fixed and is located in the first chamber 14, being carried by a second support tube 34 fixed in conductive material, which passes through a wall 36 of the chamber 14 opposite the other wall 24. An axial conduit 38 is formed in the second support tube 34, and communicates with the expansion chamber 16 through orifices 40. A cylindrical partition 42 surrounds the two walls 24, 36, radial to delimit the first chamber 14. pole break. The partition 42 may have any other suitable shape, for example spherical or ellipsoidal. The fixed arcing contact 20 is attached on the other hand to a hollow internal bushing 44, made of ferromagnetic material, surrounded coaxially by the coil 32 with the interposition of an insulating sheath 46. One end of the coil 32 is electrically connected to the tail of the track of the fixed arcing contact 20, and the opposite end is connected to a conductive sleeve 48 in connection with the second support tube 34. Bolts 49 for assembly ensure the mechanical fixing of the coil 32 to the sleeve 48.

Une électrode 50 annulaire est connectée au manchon 48 par un conducteur 52 de dérivation qui entoure extérieurement la bobine 32 à l'intérieur de la chambre 14. L'électrode 50 est formée par un anneau conducteur s'étendant radialement le long de la face frontale 30 antérieure de la bobine 32, et séparé de cette dernière par un intervalle 54 axial de faible épaisseur. Le diamètre intérieur de l'électrode 50 annulaire est supérieur au diamètre extérieur du contact d'arc 18 coulissant pour autoriser l'aboutement de ce dernier avec le contact d'arc fixe 20 en position de fermeture. Le contact d'arc fixe 20 se trouve en léger retrait axial par rapport à l'extrémité libre de l'électrode 50.An annular electrode 50 is connected to the sleeve 48 by a bypass conductor 52 which externally surrounds the coil 32 inside the chamber 14. The electrode 50 is formed by a conductive ring extending radially along the front face 30 front of the coil 32, and separated from the latter by an axial gap 54 of thin thickness. The inside diameter of the annular electrode 50 is greater than the outside diameter of the sliding arcing contact 18 to allow the latter to end up with the fixed arcing contact 20 in the closed position. The fixed arcing contact 20 is in slight axial withdrawal relative to the free end of the electrode 50.

Le fonctionnement du dispositif d'extinction d'arc 10 du disjoncteur selon les figures 1 et 2 est le suivant :

  • - après ouverture des contacts principaux (non représentés) lors de la phase de déclenchement du disjoncteur, le courant de défaut est commuté dans le circuit des contacts d'arc 18, 20, après passage dans la bobine 32. La séparation des contacts d'arc 18, 20, engendre un arc X dans la zone de coupure 56, située sensiblement au centre de la première chambre 14. Le champ magnétique B, crée par la bobine 32 dans la zone de coupure 56, provoque la rotation rapide de l'arc X sur la piste annulaire du contact d'arc fixe 20. L'échauffement du gaz SF 6 par l'arc tournant engendre une augmentation de pression à l'intérieur de la première chambre 14, et un écoulement axial en sens opposé du gaz comprimé à travers les conduits 26, 38, d'échappement en direction de la deuxième chambre 16 d'expansion. Le mouvement de rotation de l'arc X, combiné au double soufflage gazeux inversé assurent une extinction rapide de l'arc après une course déterminée du contact d'arc mobile 18 à l'intérieur de la chambre de coupure 14.
The operation of the arc extinguishing device 10 of the circuit breaker according to Figures 1 and 2 is as follows:
  • - after opening of the main contacts (not shown) during the tripping phase of the circuit breaker, the fault current is switched in the circuit of arcing contacts 18, 20, after passing through the coil 32. The separation of the contacts arc 18, 20, generates an arc X in the cut-off zone 56, located substantially in the center of the first chamber 14. The magnetic field B, created by the coil 32 in the cut-out zone 56, causes the rapid rotation of the arc X on the annular track of the fixed arcing contact 20. The heating of the gas SF 6 by the rotating arc generates an increase in pressure inside the first chamber 14, and an axial flow in the opposite direction of the gas compressed through the exhaust ducts 26, 38 towards the second expansion chamber 16. The rotational movement of the arc X, combined with the reverse gas blowing, ensures rapid extinction of the arc after a determined stroke of the movable arc contact 18 inside the breaking chamber 14.

Sur la figure 2, on remarque que la rotation de l'arc X dans la zone de coupure 56 est due à l'action de la composante radiale BR du champ magnétique B (voir diagramme au point M). La composante axiale Ba du champ magnétique B tend à maintenir l'arc X au voisinage du centre pour renforcer l'ancrage des racines d'arc sur les contacts d'arc fixe 20 et mobile 18. Cet effet de centrage de l'arc X est accentué par le soufflage gazeux centripète, lors de la phase d'autoexpansion, engendrant un double écoulement inversé des gaz à travers les conduits 26, 38, d'échappement. L'action combinée du champ magnétique B et du soufflage gazeux sur l'arc assure une excitation permanente de la bobine 32.In FIG. 2, it can be seen that the rotation of the arc X in the cut-off zone 56 is due to the action of the radial component BR of the magnetic field B (see diagram in point M). The axial component Ba of the magnetic field B tends to maintain the arc X in the vicinity of the center to reinforce the anchoring of the arc roots on the fixed and movable arcing contacts 18. This centering effect of the arc X is accentuated by the centripetal gas blowing, during the self-expansion phase, generating a double reverse flow of the gases through the exhaust ducts 26, 38. The combined action of the magnetic field B and the gas blowing on the arc ensures permanent excitation of the coil 32.

Pour des courants de court-circuit très importants, une fraction Y de l'arc est captée par l'électrode 50, de manière à provoquer une répartition du courant d'arc à travers la bobine 32 et le circuit de dérivation 52 extérieur. L'excitation de la bobine 32 n'est pas interrompue durant la phase de coupure et résulte de la fraction X du courant d'arc se trouvant en parallèle sur la fraction Y. L'intensité du champ magnétique B dans la zone de coupure 56 est limitée de ce fait à un seuil prédéterminé, indépendamment de la valeur du courant de court-circuit. Le seuil de migration de l'arc sur l'électrode 50 du circuit de dérivation 52 dépend de l'épaisseur de l'intervalle 54 axial, de la forme et de la position spatiale de l'électrode 50 dans la chambre de coupure 14, ainsi que de la résistivité électrique du matériau conducteur constituant le circuit de dérivation 52. La fraction supplémentaire Y du courant d'arc est écoulé dans le circuit de dérivation 52 pour shunter la bobine 32. L'arc partiel Y se déplace également en rotation sous l'action du champ B et disparaît dès que l'intensité du courant d'arc tombe en-dessous d'une valeur prédéterminée.For very large short-circuit currents, a fraction Y of the arc is picked up by the electrode 50, so as to cause a distribution of the arc current through the coil 32 and the external branch circuit 52. The excitation of the coil 32 is not interrupted during the cut-off phase and results from the fraction X of the arc current lying in parallel on fraction Y. The intensity of the magnetic field B in the breaking zone 56 is therefore limited to a predetermined threshold, independently of the value of the short-circuit current. The arc migration threshold on the electrode 50 of the bypass circuit 52 depends on the thickness of the axial gap 54, on the shape and on the spatial position of the electrode 50 in the breaking chamber 14, as well as the electrical resistivity of the conductive material constituting the bypass circuit 52. The additional fraction Y of the arc current is flowing in the bypass circuit 52 to shunt the coil 32. The partial arc Y also rotates under the action of field B and disappears as soon as the intensity of the arc current falls below a predetermined value.

En plus de sa fonction de modulateur du champ magnétique, la présence de l'électrode 50 métallique annulaire dans la chambre de coupure 14 permet de refroidir les racines d'arc pour favoriser son extinction. Le matériau de l'électrode 50 est en cuivre, ou en alliage de cuivre.In addition to its function as a modulator of the magnetic field, the presence of the annular metal electrode 50 in the breaking chamber 14 makes it possible to cool the arc roots to promote its extinction. The material of the electrode 50 is copper, or a copper alloy.

L'électrode 50 peut également jouer le rôle d'un anneau de déphasage entre le champ magnétique B, engendré par la bobine 32 et le courant d'arc, de manière à améliorer le soufflage, notamment au passage à zéro du courant. Elle peut ainsi être dotée d'une fente radiale, si on ne désire pas de déphasage entre champ magnétique et courant.The electrode 50 can also play the role of a phase shift ring between the magnetic field B, generated by the coil 32 and the arc current, so as to improve the blowing, in particular when the current crosses zero. It can thus be provided with a radial slot, if one does not want a phase shift between magnetic field and current.

L'électrode 50 d'amorçage peut posséder différentes formes telles que représentées à la figure 3, notamment une douille 50a cylindrique axiale (demi-vue inférieure) prolongeant l'anneau radial conducteur du circuit de dérivation 52, ou une extension 50 b incurvée en matériau conducteur faisant saillie du contact d'arc fixe 20 (demi-vue supérieure).The priming electrode 50 can have different shapes as shown in FIG. 3, in particular an axial cylindrical socket 50a (lower half-view) extending the conductive radial ring of the branch circuit 52, or an extension 50 b curved in conductive material projecting from the fixed arcing contact 20 (upper half-view).

Selon une variante (non représentée), le contact d'arc mobile 18 en translation peut également coopérer avec un contact d'arc 20 semi-fixe soumis à l'action d'un ressort de rappel, ou avec un contact d'arc 20 fixe en forme de pince.According to a variant (not shown), the movable arcing contact 18 in translation can also cooperate with an arcing contact 20 semi-fixed subjected to the action of a return spring, or with a fixed arcing contact 20 in the form of a clamp.

Un anneau 60 intercalaire, en matériau isolant, peut être inséré dans l'intervalle 54 axial ménagé entre l'électrode 50 et la face frontale antérieure 30 de la bobine 32.An intermediate ring 60, of insulating material, can be inserted in the axial gap 54 formed between the electrode 50 and the front end face 30 of the coil 32.

Selon une autre variante, représentée à la figure 4, une deuxième électrode 62 annulaire peut être associée à l'électrode 50 du circuit de dérivation 52. Un décalage axial, déterminé par une entretoise 64, sépare les deux électrodes 50, 62, coaxiales, et la deuxième électrode 62 présente un diamètre intérieur supérieur à celui de la première électrode 50.According to another variant, represented in FIG. 4, a second annular electrode 62 can be associated with the electrode 50 of the branch circuit 52. An axial offset, determined by a spacer 64, separates the two coaxial electrodes 50, 62, and the second electrode 62 has an internal diameter greater than that of the first electrode 50.

Claims (9)

1. Disjoncteur électrique a autoexpansion et à arc tournant, logé dans une enveloppe (12) étanche remplie d'un gaz isolant à rigidité diélectrique élevée, notamment d'hexafluorure de soufre, et comprenant un dispositif d'extinction d'arc (10) disposé dans une première chambre de coupure (14), susceptible de communiquer par des voies d'échappement avec une deuxième chambre . (16) . adjacente d'expansion, ledit dispositif d'extinction d'arc (10) de chaque pôle comportant : - un système de contacts (22, 18, 20, 48, 34) séparables ayant une pièce de contact d'arc (18) mobile montée à coulissement dans la première chambre (14), et susceptible de coopérer en position de fermeture avec une pièce de contact d'arc (20) fixe ou semi-fixe, - une bobine (32) de soufflage magnétique agencée dans la 'première chambre (14) pour engendrer un champ magnétique dans la zone de coupure 56, engendrant la rotation de l'arc lors de la séparation des pièces de contacts d'arc (18, 20), - des conduits (26, 38) de communication à l'intérieur des pièces de contacts d'arc (18, 20) creuses pour constituer lesdites voies d'échappement du gaz comprimé de la première chambre (14) vers la deuxième chambre (16) d'expansion, - une électrode (50, 50 a, 50 b) de captation de l'arc électrique dans la zone de coupure (56), ladite pièce de contact d'arc (20) fixe ou semi-fixe étant entourée coaxialement par la bobine 32 en étant raccordée électriquement à l'une de ses extrémités en liaison avec la face frontale antérieure (30), - un intervalle destiné à isoler l'électrode du contact d'arc fixe (20) et de ladite face frontale antérieure (30), - et un circuit de dérivation (52) disposé dans la chambre de coupure (14) à l'extérieur de la bobine 32, de manière à relier électriquement l'électrode à l'extrémité opposée de la bobine, ladite électrode (50 , 50 a, 50 b) étant agencée pour capter une fraction du courant d'arc de manière à ce que le champ magnétique engendré par la bobine 32 dans la zone de coupure 54 reste sensiblement constant lorsque la valeur de l'intensité du courant de court-circuit dépasse un seuil prédéterminé. 1. Electric circuit breaker with autoexpansion and rotating arc, housed in a sealed envelope (12) filled with an insulating gas with high dielectric strength, in particular sulfur hexafluoride, and comprising an arc extinguishing device (10) disposed in a first breaking chamber (14), capable of communicating by exhaust routes with a second chamber. (16). adjacent expansion, said arc extinguishing device (10) of each pole comprising: - a separable contact system (22, 18, 20, 48, 34) having a movable arc contact part (18) slidably mounted in the first chamber (14), and capable of cooperating in the closed position with a fixed or semi-fixed arc contact part (20), - a coil (32) arranged magnetic blowing in the 'first chamber (14) for generating a magnetic field in the breaking zone 56, causing rotation of the arc upon separation of the parts of arcing contacts (18 , 20), - communication conduits (26, 38) inside the hollow arcing contact parts (18, 20) to form said exhaust paths for the compressed gas from the first chamber (14) to the second chamber (16 ) expansion, - An electrode (50, 50 a, 50 b) for capturing the electric arc in the breaking zone (56), said fixed or semi-fixed arc contact piece (20) being coaxially surrounded by the coil 32 by being electrically connected to one of its ends in connection with the front end face (30), - an interval intended to isolate the electrode from the fixed arcing contact (20) and from said anterior front face (30), - and a bypass circuit (52) arranged in the breaking chamber (14) outside the coil 32, so as to electrically connect the electrode to the opposite end of the coil, said electrode (50, 50 a, 50 b) being arranged to capture a fraction of the arc current so that the magnetic field generated by the coil 32 in the cut-off zone 54 remains substantially constant when the value of the short-circuit current intensity exceeds a predetermined threshold. 2. Disjoncteur électrique selon la revendication 1 , caractérisé en ce que l'électrode (50, 50 a, 50 b) coiffe la face frontale antérieure (30) de la bobine (32) avec interposition dudit intervalle (54) d'isolement, et présente un rebord annulaire de captation de l'arc, autorisant le passage axial de la pièce de contact d'arc mobile (18) vers la position de fermeture, la pièce de contact d'arc fixe (20) se trouvant légèrement en retrait par rapport audit rebord de l'électrode (50).2. An electrical circuit breaker according to claim 1, characterized in that the electrode (50, 50 a, 50 b) covers the front front face (30) of the coil (32) with interposition of said isolation gap (54), and has an annular edge for capturing the arc, allowing the axial passage of the movable arc contact piece (18) towards the closed position, the fixed arc contact piece (20) being slightly set back relative to said edge of the electrode (50). 3. Disjoncteur électrique selon la revendication 2, caractérisé en ce que le rebord annulaire de l'électrode est équipé d'une extension (50 a, 50 b) métallique de révolution, notamment cylindrique ou incurvée, faisant saillie de la pièce de contact d'arc fixe (20) en direction du premier tube (22) support de la pièce de contact d'arc mobile (18).3. An electrical circuit breaker according to claim 2, characterized in that the annular rim of the electrode is equipped with an extension (50a, 50b) metallic of revolution, in particular cylindrical or curved, projecting from the contact piece d fixed arc (20) towards the first tube (22) supporting the movable arc contact piece (18). 4. Disjoncteur électrique selon l'une des revendications 1 à 3, caractérisé en ce que la pièce de contact d'arc fixe (20) est solidarisée à la face frontale antérieure (30) de la bobine (32), et à une douille (44) interne tubulaire en matériau ferromagnétique sur laquelle est montée la bobine (32) avec interposition d'un fourreau (46) isolant.4. Electric circuit breaker according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the fixed arc contact piece (20) is secured to the front end face (30) of the coil (32), and to a socket (44) tubular internal ferromagnetic material on which is mounted the coil (32) with the interposition of an insulating sheath (46). 5. Disjoncteur électrique selon la revendication 4, dans lequel l'ensemble bobine (52) et contact d'arc fixe (20) est porté par un deuxième tube (34) support en liaison avec une borne de raccordement du pôle, caractérisé en ce que le circuit de dérivation (52) est connecté à l'opposé de l'électrode (50) à un manchon (48) conducteur, lequel est intercalé entre l'extrémité opposée de la bobine (52) et le deuxième tube (34) support disposé en alignement axial avec le premier tube (22) support du contact d'arc mobile (18).5. An electric circuit breaker according to claim 4, in which the coil (52) and fixed arcing contact (20) assembly is carried by a second support tube (34) in connection with a pole connection terminal, characterized in that that the branch circuit (52) is connected opposite the electrode (50) to a conductive sleeve (48), which is interposed between the opposite end of the coil (52) and the second tube (34) support arranged in axial alignment with the first tube (22) support of the movable arcing contact (18). 6. Disjoncteur électrique selon l'une des revendications 1 à 5, caractérisé en ce qu'un disque (60) isolant est intercalé dans ledit intervalle (54) axial ménagé entre l'électrode (50) et la face frontale antérieure (30).6. Electric circuit breaker according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that an insulating disc (60) is interposed in said axial gap (54) formed between the electrode (50) and the front end face (30) . 7. Disjoncteur électrique selon l'une des revendications 1 à 6, caractérisé en ce que l'électrode (50, 50 a, 50 b) présente une surface métallique de révolution destinée à refroidir les racines d'arc dans la zone de coupure (56). 7 . Electric circuit breaker according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the electrode (50, 50 a, 50 b) has a metallic surface of revolution intended to cool the arcing roots in the breaking zone (56) . 8. Disjoncteur électrique selon la revendication 1 ou 2, caractérisé en ce que l'électrode 50 est dotée d'une fente radiale.8. An electrical circuit breaker according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the electrode 50 is provided with a radial slot. 9. Disjoncteur électrique selon la revendication 1 ou 2, caractérisé en ce que le circuit de dérivation 52 est équipé d'une électrode 62 auxiliaire de forme annulaire, séparée axialement de l'électrode 50 principale par une entretoise 64, le diamètre intérieur de l'électrode 62 étant supérieur à celui de l'électrode 50 principale.9. Electric circuit breaker according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the bypass circuit 52 is equipped with an auxiliary electrode 62 of annular shape, axially separated from the main electrode 50 by a spacer 64, the internal diameter of l electrode 62 being greater than that of main electrode 50.
EP87400575A 1986-03-28 1987-03-16 Self-blast electrical circuit breaker with a rotating arc Expired - Lifetime EP0240397B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR8604742 1986-03-28
FR8604742A FR2596578B1 (en) 1986-03-28 1986-03-28 ELECTRIC CIRCUIT BREAKER WITH SELF-EXPANSION AND ROTATING ARC

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EP0240397A1 true EP0240397A1 (en) 1987-10-07
EP0240397B1 EP0240397B1 (en) 1992-06-03

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US (1) US4737607A (en)
EP (1) EP0240397B1 (en)
JP (1) JP2566946B2 (en)
CN (1) CN1016123B (en)
DE (1) DE3779474T2 (en)
ES (1) ES2032840T3 (en)
FR (1) FR2596578B1 (en)
YU (1) YU47186B (en)

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FR2617633A1 (en) * 1987-07-02 1989-01-06 Merlin Gerin CIRCUIT BREAKER WITH ROTATING ARC AND EXPANSION
FR2623657A1 (en) * 1987-11-19 1989-05-26 Merlin Gerin Circuit-breaker with self-blasting by expansion of insulating gas, equipped with an electric field distribution screen
EP0731482A2 (en) * 1995-03-04 1996-09-11 ABB Management AG Circuit breaker
EP0734035A1 (en) * 1995-03-22 1996-09-25 Schneider Electric Sa Self-blast circuit breaker with rotating arc

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FR2677168B1 (en) * 1991-06-03 1994-06-17 Merlin Gerin MEDIUM VOLTAGE CIRCUIT BREAKER WITH REDUCED CONTROL ENERGY.
FR2677487B1 (en) * 1991-06-10 1993-09-03 Merlin Gerin ELECTRIC VACUUM SWITCH.
US5875272A (en) * 1995-10-27 1999-02-23 Arroyo Optics, Inc. Wavelength selective optical devices
JPH11511568A (en) 1995-08-29 1999-10-05 アロヨ・オプティクス・インコーポレイテッド Optical coupler using wavelength selective diffraction grating
KR100351300B1 (en) * 2000-09-27 2002-09-05 엘지산전 주식회사 Hybrid arc extinguishing apparatus for circuit breaker
DE10131018C1 (en) * 2001-06-27 2003-01-23 Siemens Ag Power switch for medium voltage network plane, has opening in switch chamber allowing gas to flow into auto-compression gas space during opening of switch contacts
CN102543553A (en) * 2011-12-09 2012-07-04 沈阳工业大学 SF6 circuit-breaker gyromagnetic air compression type arc extinguishing chamber structure
US9355798B2 (en) 2014-08-21 2016-05-31 General Electric Company System and method for quenching an arc
FR3028089B1 (en) * 2014-10-30 2016-12-30 Alstom Technology Ltd MEDIUM OR HIGH VOLTAGE SWITCH OR CIRCUIT BREAKER WITH ENHANCED FIXED CONTACTS AND METHOD OF USE
CN109935480B (en) * 2019-04-29 2021-05-07 詹建英 Contact arc extinguishing device of circuit breaker

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FR2617633A1 (en) * 1987-07-02 1989-01-06 Merlin Gerin CIRCUIT BREAKER WITH ROTATING ARC AND EXPANSION
EP0298809A1 (en) * 1987-07-02 1989-01-11 Merlin Gerin Self-blasting electrical circuit breaker with a rotating arc
US4900882A (en) * 1987-07-02 1990-02-13 Merlin Gerin Rotating arc and expansion circuit breaker
FR2623657A1 (en) * 1987-11-19 1989-05-26 Merlin Gerin Circuit-breaker with self-blasting by expansion of insulating gas, equipped with an electric field distribution screen
EP0731482A2 (en) * 1995-03-04 1996-09-11 ABB Management AG Circuit breaker
EP0731482A3 (en) * 1995-03-04 1998-04-08 Asea Brown Boveri Ag Circuit breaker
EP0734035A1 (en) * 1995-03-22 1996-09-25 Schneider Electric Sa Self-blast circuit breaker with rotating arc
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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0240397B1 (en) 1992-06-03
DE3779474T2 (en) 1993-03-25
DE3779474D1 (en) 1992-07-09
CN87102961A (en) 1987-10-07
CN1016123B (en) 1992-04-01
FR2596578A1 (en) 1987-10-02
YU53287A (en) 1989-08-31
FR2596578B1 (en) 1994-05-06
ES2032840T3 (en) 1993-03-01
JPS62234823A (en) 1987-10-15
JP2566946B2 (en) 1996-12-25
US4737607A (en) 1988-04-12
YU47186B (en) 1995-01-31

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