EP0398116B1 - Medium high voltage self-blowing circuit breaker - Google Patents
Medium high voltage self-blowing circuit breaker Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0398116B1 EP0398116B1 EP90108556A EP90108556A EP0398116B1 EP 0398116 B1 EP0398116 B1 EP 0398116B1 EP 90108556 A EP90108556 A EP 90108556A EP 90108556 A EP90108556 A EP 90108556A EP 0398116 B1 EP0398116 B1 EP 0398116B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- volume
- contact
- circuit breaker
- arc contact
- arc
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
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Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
- H01H33/00—High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
- H01H33/70—Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid
- H01H33/98—Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid the flow of arc-extinguishing fluid being initiated by an auxiliary arc or a section of the arc, without any moving parts for producing or increasing the flow
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a medium-voltage circuit breaker in which the insulation is ensured by a gas with good dielectric properties, such as sulfur hexafluoride (SF6), this same gas ensuring by self-blowing the extinction of the arc that forms when the circuit breaker opens.
- a gas with good dielectric properties such as sulfur hexafluoride (SF6)
- Such a circuit breaker is known, for example from the article in the Brown Boveri Review 3-87 pages 150 to 156.
- thermal volume in which the gas, heated by the arc, undergoes an increase in pressure; a first zero crossing of the alternating current to be cut, the arc decreases in intensity and the gas expands by blowing the arc.
- EP-A-150 079 describes a circuit breaker in accordance with the preamble of claim 1.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a circuit breaker having a safe and secure operation for all the values of the current to be cut.
- circuit breaker with a variable thermal volume depending on whether the current to be cut has a low or high intensity.
- the subject of the invention is a circuit breaker as defined in claim 1.
- FIG. 1 there is a cylindrical insulating envelope 1 of axis xx, closed at one end by a metal shell 2. The second end of the envelope has not been shown.
- the envelope is made in a sealed manner and is filled with a gas with good dielectric properties, such as sulfur hexafluoride (SF6), under a pressure of a few bars.
- a first electrical outlet 3 crosses the envelope and is connected to a cylindrical part 4, of axis xx, constituting the fixed main contact of the circuit breaker.
- a second socket 5 of the circuit breaker crosses the casing in a sealed manner, and is in electrical contact, by means of sliding contacts 6, with a metal rod 7, of axis xx, constituting the movable arcing contact of the circuit breaker.
- the rod 7 is provided, at a first end, with a wearing part 7A made of a material resistant well to the destructive effects of the electric arc, for example an alloy based on tungsten.
- the other end of the rod 7 is articulated to an operating rod 8 made of an insulating material.
- To the rod 7 is fixed a ring of contact fingers 9, constituting the movable main contact of the circuit breaker, and cooperating, when the circuit breaker is closed (case of FIG. 1), with the tubular part 4 for the passage of the permanent current.
- the fingers 9 are fixed to the rod 7 by a crown 10, coming from machining with the rod, and provided with orifices 11 so as not to hinder the movements of the gas during the maneuvers of the latter, as will be explained below. .
- the socket 5 which, inside the envelope, takes the form of a crown, is provided with orifices 12.
- V1 will denote the volume delimited, inside the envelope 1, by the sockets 3 and 5 and the tube7.
- a ring of fingers 14, each terminated by a wear pad 14A, is fixed to the top 15 of the shell, and constitutes the movable arcing contact of the circuit breaker.
- the contacts 14, the top 15 and the rod 7 define a volume V2; this volume is closed by a tubular valve 16 of axis xx, cooperating with an insulating tubular part 17, integral with the contact fingers 14 and sliding in leaktight manner, thanks to a sealing segment 17A, on the rod 7.
- the valve tubular 16 can move parallel to the axis xx, and is recalled by a spring 18 which rests on a jacket 20 of insulating material which matches the shape of the shell 2 and constitutes with it a passage 21 communicating with the volume V1 through openings 22 of the socket 3.
- the part 20 has a solid part 20A, forming a blowing nozzle, in contact with the rod 7; the part 20 delimits inside it a volume V3 which can communicate with the volume V2, when the valve 16 is open, by holes 14B made in the fingers 14; the volume V3 communicates with the volume V2, when the rod 7 is pulled to the right of the figure, by the passage 24 between the parts 17 and 20A; finally, the volume V2 communicates with the passage 21, when the valve 16 is pushed to the left of the figure, by holes 16A made in this valve.
- the circuit breaker works as follows:
- the operating rod 8 is actuated by a mechanism not shown but conventional in the circuit breaker technique; the rod moves to the right of the figure and causes the movable arcing contact 7.
- the main contacts 4 and 9 separate, and the current then passes through the shell 2, the part 15, the fingers 14, the rod 7 , contacts 6 and socket 5.
- the increase in pressure in the volume V2 is still insufficient to move the valve 16; but it allows a small blowing of the arc by displacement of the gas from V2 to V3, when the end of the rod 7 exceeds the segment 17A, then from V2 to V1, when the end of the rod 7 exceeds the nozzle 20A .
- the gas of volume V2 relaxes and comes to lick the contact 14A, at one of the roots of the arc; when the contact 7A exceeds the nozzle 20A, the gas of the volume V3 escapes through the passage 24, comes to lick the contact 7A, at the other root of the arc and is evacuated through the holes 16A and the nozzle 20A.
- the device allows a double blowing of the arc to cut the strong currents, which is a guarantee of efficiency.
- the orifices 11 and 12 allow a free circulation of the gas inside the device, which promotes stirring ensuring the regeneration of the dielectric power after each operation.
- the current is cut off for all the values of the current at cut.
- the revolutionary construction allows easy adjustment and maintenance.
- the invention applies to medium voltage circuit breakers, for example between 3 and 45 kilovolts.
Landscapes
- Circuit Breakers (AREA)
- Driving Mechanisms And Operating Circuits Of Arc-Extinguishing High-Tension Switches (AREA)
- Switches That Are Operated By Magnetic Or Electric Fields (AREA)
- Gas-Insulated Switchgears (AREA)
- Emergency Protection Circuit Devices (AREA)
Abstract
Description
La présente invention est relative à un disjoncteur à moyenne tension dans lequel l'isolation est assurée par un gaz à bonnes propriétés diélectriques, tel que l'hexafluorure de soufre (SF6), ce même gaz assurant par autosoufflage l'extinction de l'arc qui se forme à l'ouverture du disjoncteur.The present invention relates to a medium-voltage circuit breaker in which the insulation is ensured by a gas with good dielectric properties, such as sulfur hexafluoride (SF6), this same gas ensuring by self-blowing the extinction of the arc that forms when the circuit breaker opens.
Un tel disjoncteur est connu, par exemple par l'article de la Brown Boveri Review 3-87 pages 150 à 156.Such a circuit breaker is known, for example from the article in the Brown Boveri Review 3-87 pages 150 to 156.
On trouve, dans ce disjoncteur, un volume appelé volume thermique, dans lequel le gaz, chauffé par l'arc, subit une augmentation de pression ; un premier passage par zéro du courant alternatif à couper, l'arc diminue d'intensité et le gaz se détend en venant souffler l'arc.There is, in this circuit breaker, a volume called thermal volume, in which the gas, heated by the arc, undergoes an increase in pressure; a first zero crossing of the alternating current to be cut, the arc decreases in intensity and the gas expands by blowing the arc.
Un disjoncteur de ce type présente des inconvénients :
- lors de la coupure des faibles courants (par exemple courant d'intensité inférieure à la valeur nominale), la montée en pression peut être insuffisante ou trop importante, selon la dimension du volume thermique. Si le volume thermique est important, la montée en pression est faible et le soufflage peut être insuffisant pour couper l'arc au premier passage par zéro du courant ; si le volume thermique est faible, la montée en pression est importante, mais la durée du soufflage peut être insuffisante pour une bonne efficacité,
- lors de la coupure des courants de grande valeur (courant de court-circuit par exemple), la montée en pression ne doit pas être trop importante, ce qui pourrait entraîner des risques d'endommagement de la chambre de coupure.
- during the breaking of low currents (for example current of intensity lower than the nominal value), the rise in pressure may be insufficient or too great, depending on the size of the thermal volume. If the thermal volume is large, the pressure build-up is low and the blowing may be insufficient to cut the arc on the first zero crossing of the current; if the thermal volume is low, the pressure rise is significant, but the duration of the blowing may be insufficient for good efficiency,
- when cutting high-value currents (short-circuit current for example), the pressure build-up must not be too great, which could lead to risks of damage to the breaking chamber.
Le document EP-A-150 079 décrit un disjoncteur conforme au préambule de la revendication 1.The document EP-A-150 079 describes a circuit breaker in accordance with the preamble of claim 1.
Un but de la présente invention est de réaliser un disjoncteur ayant un fonctionnement sûr et sans danger pour toutes les valeurs du courant à couper.An object of the present invention is to provide a circuit breaker having a safe and secure operation for all the values of the current to be cut.
Ceci est obtenu selon l'invention en dotant le disjoncteur d'un volume thermique variable selon que le courant à couper a une intensité faible ou importante.This is obtained according to the invention by providing the circuit breaker with a variable thermal volume depending on whether the current to be cut has a low or high intensity.
L'invention a pour objet un disjoncteur tel que défini à la revendication 1.The subject of the invention is a circuit breaker as defined in claim 1.
L'invention est expliquée en détail par la description donnée ci-après de plusieurs modes de réalisation, en référence au dessin annexé dans lequel :
- la figure 1 est une vue schématique en demi-coupe axiale d'un disjoncteur selon un mode préféré de réalisation de l'invention, représenté en position enclenchée,
- la figure 2 est une vue du même disjoncteur au cours d'une manoeuvre de déclenchement pour la coupure d'un courant de faible intensité,
- la figure 3 est une vue du même disjoncteur au cours d'une manoeuvre de déclenchement pour la coupure d'un courant de forte intensité.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic view in axial half-section of a circuit breaker according to a preferred embodiment of the invention, shown in the engaged position,
- FIG. 2 is a view of the same circuit breaker during a tripping operation for breaking a low current,
- Figure 3 is a view of the same circuit breaker during a tripping operation for breaking a high current.
Dans la figure 1, on distingue une enveloppe cylindrique isolante 1 d'axe xx, fermée à une première extrémité par une coquille métallique 2. La seconde extrémité de l'enveloppe n'a pas été représentée. L'enveloppe est réalisée de manière étanche et est remplie d'un gaz à bonnes propriétés diélectriques, tel que l'hexafluorure de soufre (SF6), sous une pression de quelques bars. Une première prise de courant 3 traverse l'enveloppe et est reliée à une pièce cylindrique 4, d'axe xx, constituant le contact principal fixe du disjoncteur.In Figure 1, there is a cylindrical insulating envelope 1 of axis xx, closed at one end by a
Une seconde prise 5 du disjoncteur traverse l'enveloppe de manière étanche, et est en contact électrique, au moyen de contacts glissants 6, avec une tige métallique 7, d'axe xx, constituant le contact d'arc mobile du disjoncteur. La tige 7 est munie, à une première extrémité, d'une pièce d'usure 7A réalisée en un matériau résistant bien aux effets destructeurs de l'arc électrique, par exemple en un alliage à base de tungstène. L'autre extrémité de la tige 7 est articulée à une tringle de manoeuvre 8 réalisée en un matériau isolant. A la tige 7 est fixée une couronne de doigts de contact 9, constituant le contact principal mobile du disjoncteur, et coopérant, lorsque le disjoncteur est fermé (cas de la figure 1), avec la pièce tubulaire 4 pour le passage du courant permanent. Les doigts 9 sont fixés à la tige 7 par une couronne 10, venue d'usinage avec la tige, et munie de d'orifices 11 pour ne pas gêner les mouvements du gaz lors des manoeuvre de ce dernier, comme il sera expliqué plus loin.A second socket 5 of the circuit breaker crosses the casing in a sealed manner, and is in electrical contact, by means of sliding
De même, la prise 5 qui, à l'intérieur de l'enveloppe, prend la forme d'une couronne, est munie d'orifices 12.Similarly, the socket 5 which, inside the envelope, takes the form of a crown, is provided with
On désignera dans la suite par V1 le volume délimité, à l'intérieur de l'enveloppe 1, par les prises 3 et 5 et le tube7.In the following, V1 will denote the volume delimited, inside the envelope 1, by the
Une couronne de doigts 14, terminés chacun par une pastille d'usure 14A, est fixée au sommet 15 de la coquille, et constitue le contact d'arc mobile du disjoncteur.A ring of
Lorsque le disjoncteur est en position enclenchée comme c'est le cas dans la figure 1, les contacts 14, le sommet 15 et la tige 7 délimitent un volume V2; ce volume est fermé par un clapet tubulaire 16 d'axe xx, coopérant avec une pièce tubulaire isolante 17, solidaire des doigts de contact 14 et glissant de manière étanche, grâce à un segment d'étanchéité 17A, sur la tige 7. Le clapet tubulaire 16 peut se déplacer parallèlement à l'axe xx, et est rappelé par un ressort 18 qui s'appuie sur une chemise 20 en matériau isolant qui épouse la forme de la coquille 2 et constitue avec celle-ci un passage 21 communiquant avec le volume V1 par des ouvertures 22 de la prise 3. La pièce 20 possède une partie massive 20A, formant buse de soufflage, en contact avec la tige 7; la pièce 20 délimite à son intérieur un volume V3 qui peut communiquer avec le volume V2, lorsque le clapet 16 est ouvert, par des trous 14B pratiqués dans les doigts 14; le volume V3 communique avec le volume V2, lorsque la tige 7 est tirée vers la droite de la figure, par le passage 24 entre les pièces 17 et 20A; enfin le volume V2 communique avec le passage 21, lorsque le clapet 16 est poussé vers la gauche de la figure, par des trous 16A pratiqués dans ce clapet.When the circuit breaker is in the on position as is the case in FIG. 1, the
Le fonctionnement du disjoncteur est le suivant:The circuit breaker works as follows:
Lorsque le disjoncteur est enclenché, dans la position représentée dans la figure 1, le courant traverse successivement la prise 3, le contact principal fixe 4, les doigts de contact 9, la tige 7, les contacts glissants 6 et la prise 5.When the circuit breaker is switched on, in the position shown in FIG. 1, the current passes successively through the
Il s'agit des courants dont l'intensité est inférieure ou de l'ordre de 5% de la valeur maximale pouvant être coupée par l'appareil.These are currents whose intensity is lower or around 5% of the maximum value that can be cut by the device.
Pour ouvrir le disjoncteur, la tringle de manoeuvre 8 est actionnée par un mécanisme non représenté mais classique dans la technique des disjoncteurs; la tringle se déplace vers la droite de la figure et entraîne le contact d'arc mobile 7. Les contacts principaux 4 et 9 se séparent, et le courant passe alors par la coquille 2, la pièce 15, les doigts 14, la tige 7, les contacts 6 et la prise 5.To open the circuit breaker, the operating rod 8 is actuated by a mechanism not shown but conventional in the circuit breaker technique; the rod moves to the right of the figure and causes the
A la séparation des contacts d'arc 14 et 7A (figure 2), un arc de faible énergie jaillit entre eux; le déplacement du contact 7 provoque une dépression dans le volume V2 qui reste fermé car le clapet 16 reste fermé; quand l'extrémité du contact mobile dépasse le segment 17A, un petit soufflage, par déplacement du gaz de V3 vers V2 éteint l'arc.Upon separation of the
Il s'agit des courants dont l'intensité est comprise entre 20 et 30% de la valeur maximale du courant qu'il est possible de couper avec l'appareil.These are currents whose intensity is between 20 and 30% of the maximum value of the current that can be cut with the device.
La montée en pression dans le volume V2 est encore insuffisante pour déplacer le clapet 16; mais elle permet un petit soufflage de l'arc par déplacement du gaz de V2 vers V3, lorsque l'extrémité de la tige 7 dépasse le segment 17A, puis de V2 vers V1, lorsque l'extrémité de la tige 7 dépasse la buse 20A.The increase in pressure in the volume V2 is still insufficient to move the
Il s'agit des courants de court-circuit.These are short-circuit currents.
Lorsque l'arc jaillit entre les contacts d'arc, la pression dans le volume V2 augmente très fortement, car l'arc a une énergie très importante. Cette augmentation de pression provoque le déplacement vers la gauche du clapet 16, contre l'action du ressort 18 (figure 3). Cette ouverture du clapet 16 a pour premier effet de mettre en communication, par les orifices 14B, les volumes V2 et V3, ce qui évite une montée en pression à une valeur excessive. Une partie de l'énergie thermique créée dans le volume V2 passe ainsi dans le volume V3 dont la pression augmente. Au premier passage par zéro du courant, le gaz du volume V2 se détend et vient lécher le contact 14A, à l'une des racines de l'arc; lorsque le contact 7A dépasse la buse 20A, le gaz du volume V3 s'échappe par le passage 24, vient lécher le contact 7A, à l'autre racine de l'arc et s'évacue par les trous 16A et la buse 20A. On voit donc que l'appareil permet un double soufflage de l'arc pour la coupure des forts courants, ce qui est une garantie d'efficacité.When the arc springs between the arcing contacts, the pressure in the volume V2 increases very strongly, because the arc has a very high energy. This increase in pressure causes the
On notera que les orifices 11 et 12, de large section, autorisent une libre circulation du gaz à l'intérieur de l'appareil, ce qui favorise un brassage assurant la régénération du pouvoir diélectrique après chaque manoeuvre.It will be noted that the
Grâce aux dispositions de l'invention, la coupure du courant est assurée pour toutes les valeurs du courant à couper. La construction de révolution permet un réglage et une maintenance aisés.Thanks to the provisions of the invention, the current is cut off for all the values of the current at cut. The revolutionary construction allows easy adjustment and maintenance.
L'invention s'applique aux disjoncteurs à moyenne tension, par exemple comprise entre 3 et 45 kilovolts.The invention applies to medium voltage circuit breakers, for example between 3 and 45 kilovolts.
Claims (3)
- Medium high voltage circuit breaker comprising inside a casing (1, 2) filled with a dielectric gas a switch chamber comprising a fixed main contact (4), a mobile main contact (9) and a first volume (V2) near a fixed arc contact (7) and a mobile arc contact (14), a second volume (V3) adjacent said first volume (V2) and associated with means (14B, 16) for enabling communication between said first and second volumes and a third volume (V1) associated with means (16, 16A, 21; 22) for enabling communication between said first and third volumes, said communication being enabled only when the value of the current to be interrupted reaches a given threshold value during a tripping manoeuvre;
characterised in that:- said first volume (V2) is delimited by the mobile arc contact consisting of a mobile metal rod (7), the fixed arc contact and an insulative tubular part (17) fastened to said fixed arc contact;- said second volume (V3) is delimited by a jacket (20) around said arc contacts and said insulative tubular part (17);- said third volume (V1) is delimited by the remainder of the casing (1),and in that:- said first volume (V2) communicates with said second volume (V3) via holes (14B) in said fixed arc contact adapted to be closed by a valve (16) with a return spring (18);- said first volume (V2) and said second volume (V3) are enabled to communicate with said third volume (V1) when said valve is open by a passage (21) defined by said jacket (20) and said casing (2) so as to enable a first stage of blowing out of the arc at the fixed arc contact; and- said second volume (V3) communicates with said first volume (V2) through second passages (24) to enable a second stage of blowing out of the arc at the mobile arc contact. - Circuit breaker according to claim 1 characterised in that the fixed arc contact comprises contact fingers.
- Circuit breaker according to claim 1 or claim 2 characterised in that said valve (16) is operated by the pressure in said first volume (V2) which is dependent on the value of the current to be interrupted.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| AT90108556T ATE103415T1 (en) | 1989-05-11 | 1990-05-07 | MEDIUM VOLTAGE SELF-PRESSURE SWITCH. |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR8906199 | 1989-05-11 | ||
| FR8906199A FR2646960B1 (en) | 1989-05-11 | 1989-05-11 | SELF-BLOWING MEDIUM VOLTAGE CIRCUIT BREAKER |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP0398116A1 EP0398116A1 (en) | 1990-11-22 |
| EP0398116B1 true EP0398116B1 (en) | 1994-03-23 |
Family
ID=9381583
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP90108556A Expired - Lifetime EP0398116B1 (en) | 1989-05-11 | 1990-05-07 | Medium high voltage self-blowing circuit breaker |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP0398116B1 (en) |
| AT (1) | ATE103415T1 (en) |
| DE (1) | DE69007531T2 (en) |
| FR (1) | FR2646960B1 (en) |
Family Cites Families (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CA1097396A (en) * | 1977-03-24 | 1981-03-10 | Masami Kii | Self-extinguishing type circuit interrupter |
| DE2811508C2 (en) * | 1977-03-24 | 1983-06-16 | Mitsubishi Denki K.K., Tokyo | Electric pressure gas switch |
| IT8420599V0 (en) * | 1984-01-20 | 1984-01-20 | Sace Spa | ARC EXTINGUISHING FLUID ELECTRIC SWITCH WITH SELF-GENERATION OF PRESSURE FOR FLUID DECOMPOSITION. |
| DE3440212A1 (en) * | 1984-10-10 | 1986-04-17 | BBC Aktiengesellschaft Brown, Boveri & Cie., Baden, Aargau | EXHAUST GAS SWITCH |
| FR2622737B1 (en) * | 1987-11-04 | 1995-04-14 | Merlin Gerin | SELF-EXPANSIONAL ELECTRIC CIRCUIT BREAKER WITH VARIABLE EXTINCTION CHAMBER VOLUME |
-
1989
- 1989-05-11 FR FR8906199A patent/FR2646960B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1990
- 1990-05-07 DE DE69007531T patent/DE69007531T2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1990-05-07 EP EP90108556A patent/EP0398116B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1990-05-07 AT AT90108556T patent/ATE103415T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| BROWN BOVERI REVIEW, vol. 3, 1987, pages 150-156, Baden (CH), A. Plessl et al.: "A New SF6 Self-Extinguishing, MV Distribution Circuit-Breaker" * |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| FR2646960B1 (en) | 1993-12-10 |
| ATE103415T1 (en) | 1994-04-15 |
| DE69007531D1 (en) | 1994-04-28 |
| DE69007531T2 (en) | 1994-06-30 |
| FR2646960A1 (en) | 1990-11-16 |
| EP0398116A1 (en) | 1990-11-22 |
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