EP0441292A1 - Medium high voltage self-blowing circuit breaker - Google Patents

Medium high voltage self-blowing circuit breaker Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0441292A1
EP0441292A1 EP91101455A EP91101455A EP0441292A1 EP 0441292 A1 EP0441292 A1 EP 0441292A1 EP 91101455 A EP91101455 A EP 91101455A EP 91101455 A EP91101455 A EP 91101455A EP 0441292 A1 EP0441292 A1 EP 0441292A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
volume
circuit breaker
cylinder
semi
piston
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP91101455A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0441292B1 (en
Inventor
Edmond Thuries
Denis Dufournet
Michel Perret
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Alstom Holdings SA
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GEC Alsthom SA
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Publication of EP0441292A1 publication Critical patent/EP0441292A1/en
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H33/00—High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
    • H01H33/70—Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid
    • H01H33/98—Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid the flow of arc-extinguishing fluid being initiated by an auxiliary arc or a section of the arc, without any moving parts for producing or increasing the flow
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H33/00—High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
    • H01H33/70—Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid
    • H01H33/88—Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid the flow of arc-extinguishing fluid being produced or increased by movement of pistons or other pressure-producing parts
    • H01H33/90—Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid the flow of arc-extinguishing fluid being produced or increased by movement of pistons or other pressure-producing parts this movement being effected by or in conjunction with the contact-operating mechanism
    • H01H33/901—Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid the flow of arc-extinguishing fluid being produced or increased by movement of pistons or other pressure-producing parts this movement being effected by or in conjunction with the contact-operating mechanism making use of the energy of the arc or an auxiliary arc

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a medium or high voltage circuit breaker in which the insulation is provided by a gas with good dielectric properties, such as sulfur hexafluoride (SF6), this same gas ensuring by self-blowing the extinction of the 'arc which forms at the separation of the arcing contacts of the circuit breaker.
  • a gas with good dielectric properties such as sulfur hexafluoride (SF6)
  • thermal volume or blowing volume which contains the arcing contacts and which, when the contacts are separated, is heated by the arcing and therefore undergoes a pressure increase. At the first zero crossing of the current, the gas expands and blows the arc.
  • the displacement of the piston is more or less important and correlatively, the blowing volume is more or less large.
  • Such a device has a drawback.
  • a first object of the invention is to cut the high currents by self-blowing with thermal expansion in a thermal expansion volume dimensioned for this purpose, and the cutting of low currents by self-pneumatic boost blowing with piston in a part only thermal expansion volume.
  • a second object of the invention is to provide an apparatus in which the speed and the ascent stroke of the semi-fixed assembly are progressively limited.
  • a third object of the invention is to provide an apparatus into which fresh gas is injected into the area of the arcing contacts during an engagement maneuver, which notably improves the operation of the apparatus during the cycles of operation of the aforementioned type.
  • circuit breaker of the invention which is a medium or high voltage circuit breaker with self-blowing arc comprising an envelope sealed filled with a dielectric gas inside which are placed a first contact, semi-fixed, electrically connected to a first socket-outlet and a second contact, mobile, electrically connected to a second socket-outlet and mechanically connected to an operating member, said semi-fixed contact being integral with a piston moving in a cylinder, said piston delimiting in said cylinder a first volume on the side of the arc zone and a second volume, said semi-fixed contact being subjected to the action of a spring tending to move the semi-fixed contact in the same direction as the movable contact during a tripping operation, characterized in that the circuit breaker comprises means for limiting, during a tripping operation, on short-circuit current, the speed and amplitude of the movement of the piston in the opposite direction to that of the rebound of the spring, the same means allowing an injection of gas not in. Eluted to the arcing
  • said means comprise members for closing, during a triggering operation, said second volume, the same members allowing gas to pass from said second volume to said first volume during a reset operation.
  • said members comprise on the one hand first holes passing through said piston and closable by first unidirectional valves closed when the pressure in said first volume is greater than the pressure in said second volume, and on the other hand second through holes the bottom of said cylinder and closable by second unidirectional valves closed when the pressure in said second volume is greater than the pressure prevailing in the envelope outside said cylinder.
  • said first valves are formed together by a first washer.
  • said second valves are formed together by a second washer.
  • FIG 1 there is a casing 1, of insulating material, inside which there is a gas with good dielectric properties such as sulfur hexafluoride SF6, under a pressure of one to a few bars.
  • a first socket 2 passing through the envelope in a sealed manner, is electrically connected by a braid 3, to a first contact 4 called semi-fixed for reasons explained below.
  • the contact 4, produced in tubular form, is terminated by a wearing part 4A made of a material resistant to the effects of the electric arc, for example an alloy based on tungsten.
  • Rod 7 has an end 7A of material resistant to the effects of the electric arc.
  • the semi-fixed contact 4 carries a piston 8 sliding in a fixed cylinder 9; the stroke of the piston 8 is limited by a lower shoulder 11 and an upper ring 12; the semi-fixed contact 4 is pushed by a spring 13 which is compressed when the circuit breaker is in the engaged position, as is the case in FIG. 1.
  • the cylinder 9 is fixed by a bottom 14 to a cylinder 15 of larger dimensions; the cylinder 15 is fixed to the casing 1; it carries, at one end, an insulating nozzle 16, through which the rod 7 slides.
  • the piston 8 separates the interior of the cylinder into two volumes, V1 at the bottom of the figure and V2 at the top.
  • the volumes V1 and V2 can communicate through orifices 18 made through the piston 8; these orifices can be closed simultaneously by a one-way valve consisting of a washer 19 retained by a shoulder 21 of the piston 8.
  • the volume V2 can communicate with the volume V3 outside the cylinder 9 through orifices 22 made in the bottom of this cylinder; these orifices can be closed simultaneously by a one-way valve constituted by a washer 23 retained by the crown 12.
  • Ports 24 made in the cylinder 15 facilitate the circulation of gas inside the casing 1.
  • V4 denotes the volume between the cylinders 15 and 9; this volume V4, in permanent communication with the volume V1 by a passage between the nozzle 16 and the end of the cylinder 9, constitutes, with the volume V1, a volume V1 + V4 of thermal expansion of the circuit breaker.
  • the rod 7 is pulled by the operating mechanism towards the bottom of the figure.
  • the semi-fixed contact 4, pushed by the spring 13, accompanies the rod in its movement, until it is stopped by the shoulder 11.
  • the rod continues its movement alone, thus causing the separation of the contacts.
  • An arc 50 erupts between the contacts ( Figure 2) and heats the surrounding gas.
  • the overpressure, generated by the displacement of the piston 8 and the heating of the gas in the volumes V1 and V4 causes a blowing of the arc, through the nozzle 16 and the contact 4A, and its extinction at a zero crossing of the current.
  • the tripping process is identical to that just described, until the contacts are separated.
  • the arc 51 (FIG. 3) is very large and produces a release of heat which leads to a very strong increase in the pressure in the volumes V1 and V4.
  • the contact 4 is pushed up towards the top of the figure, due to the very strong pressure which is exerted on the piston 8 and which produces a force greater than that of the spring 13.
  • the volume V1 is thus enlarged, so that the the pressure which reigns there, while being significant, nevertheless retains an acceptable value.
  • the overpressure in the volume V1 causes the closure of the valve 19 which isolates the volume V2.
  • the latter decreases due to the displacement of the piston 8; he this results in an increase in the pressure in the volume V2 which, on the one hand, closes the valve 23 and on the other hand, limits the speed and the stroke of the piston 8, the gas of the volume V2 acting as a damper.
  • the arc 51 does not stretch too much, which makes it possible to limit the heating and pollution of the surrounding gas by the decomposition products of SF6.
  • the overpressure generated essentially by thermal expansion in volumes V1 and V4 causes a blowing of the arc through the nozzle 16 and the contact 4A, and its extinction at a zero crossing of the current.
  • the invention is not limited to the embodiment which has just been described by way of example, but applies to any circuit breaker in which the means of the invention are replaced by means fulfilling the same function in view of the same result.
  • the invention applies to medium and high voltage circuit breakers.

Abstract

The subject of the invention is a medium or high voltage circuit-breaker with self-arc blasting comprising a leakproof envelope filled with a dielectric gas and inside which are placed a first semi-fixed contact (4), electrically connected to a first current intake (2) and a second movable contact (7) electrically connected to a second current intake (5) and mechanically connected to an operating member, the said semi-fixed contact (4) being integral with a piston (8) moving in a cylinder (9), the said piston (8) delimiting in the said cylinder (9) a first volume (V1) on the arc zone side and a second volume (V2), the said semi-fixed contact (4) being subjected to the action of a spring (13) tending to displace the semi-fixed contact in the same direction as the moving contact during a disengagement operation, characterised in that the circuit-breaker comprises means of limiting, in the course of a disengagement operation, the speed and amplitude of the motion of the piston (8) in the direction opposed to that of the relaxing of the spring (13), the same means enabling unpolluted gas to be injected onto the zone of the arc contacts during the re-engagement operation following the said disengagement operation. <IMAGE>

Description

La présente invention est relative à un disjoncteur à moyenne ou haute tension dans lequel l'isolation est assurée par un gaz à bonnes propriétés diélectriques, tel que l'hexafluorure de soufre (SF6), ce même gaz assurant par autosoufflage l'extinction de l'arc qui se forme à la séparation des contacts d'arc du disjoncteur.The present invention relates to a medium or high voltage circuit breaker in which the insulation is provided by a gas with good dielectric properties, such as sulfur hexafluoride (SF6), this same gas ensuring by self-blowing the extinction of the 'arc which forms at the separation of the arcing contacts of the circuit breaker.

On trouve, dans ce type d'appareil, un volume appelé volume thermique ou volume de soufflage, qui contient les contacts d'arc et qui, au moment de la séparation des contacts, est échauffé par l'arc et subit de ce fait une augmentation de pression. Au premier passage par zéro du courant, le gaz se détend et vient souffler l'arc.In this type of device, there is a volume called thermal volume or blowing volume, which contains the arcing contacts and which, when the contacts are separated, is heated by the arcing and therefore undergoes a pressure increase. At the first zero crossing of the current, the gas expands and blows the arc.

On connaît les difficultés rencontrées pour réaliser un tel appareil:

  • lors de la coupure des courants de faible intensité (par exemple de valeur inférieure ou égale à l'intensité nominale du courant dans lequel est inséré le disjoncteur), la montée en pression peut être insuffisante ou trop importante, selon la dimension du volume de soufflage. Si le volume de soufflage est important, la montée en pression est faible et le soufflage peut être insuffisant; si le volume de soufflage est faible, la montée en pression est importante, mais la durée de soufflage peut être insuffisante pour une bonne efficacité.
  • lors de la coupure des courants de grande intensité (courants de court-circuit par exemple), la montée en pression et l'échauffement du gaz ne doivent pas être trop importants, ce qui pourrait entraîner un échec de la tentative de coupure.
We know the difficulties encountered in making such an apparatus:
  • when cutting low intensity currents (for example less than or equal to the nominal current of the current into which the circuit breaker is inserted), the pressure build-up may be insufficient or too large, depending on the size of the blowing volume . If the blowing volume is large, the pressure rise is low and the blowing may be insufficient; if the blowing volume is low, the pressure build-up is significant, but the blowing time may be insufficient for good efficiency.
  • when cutting large currents (short-circuit currents for example), the pressure build-up and heating of the gas must not be too great, which could lead to failure of the cut-off attempt.

Pour résoudre ce problème, il a été proposé, notamment par le document EP-A- 0315505, de prévoir une chambre de coupure, servant de volume de soufflage, à volume variable selon l'intensité du courant à couper.To solve this problem, it has been proposed, in particular by document EP-A-0315505, to provide a breaking chamber, serving as blowing volume, with variable volume according to the intensity of the current to be cut.

Ceci est obtenu en remplaçant le contact d'arc fixe qu'on trouve habituellement dans les disjoncteurs, par un contact semi-fixe lié à un piston repoussé par un ressort antagoniste.This is obtained by replacing the fixed arcing contact usually found in circuit breakers, by a semi-fixed contact linked to a piston pushed back by an antagonistic spring.

Selon l'intensité du courant à couper, le déplacement du piston est plus ou moins important et corrélativement, le volume de soufflage est plus ou moins grand.Depending on the intensity of the current to be cut, the displacement of the piston is more or less important and correlatively, the blowing volume is more or less large.

Un tel appareil présente un inconvénient.Such a device has a drawback.

Lors de la coupure des courants de forte intensité, la remontée rapide et complète du contact semi-fixe que le ressort est incapable de limiter, produit un allongement exagéré de l'arc, ce qui a pour effet de provoquer un échauffement trop important du gaz de soufflage avec risque d'échec diélectrique de la coupure, de polluer exagérément le milieu environnant l'arc et peut conduire à un échec de la seconde coupure lors des cycles O, 0,3s F, O.When cutting high intensity currents, the rapid and complete rise of the semi-fixed contact that the spring is unable to limit, produces an exaggerated elongation of the arc, which has the effect of causing excessive heating of the gas. blowing with risk of dielectric failure of the cut, to excessively pollute the environment surrounding the arc and can lead to failure of the second cut during cycles O, 0.3s F, O.

Un premier but de l'invention est d'effectuer la coupure des forts courants par autosoufflage avec expansion thermique dans un volume d'expansion thermique dimensionné à cet effet, et la coupure des faibles courants par soufflage autopneumatique d'appoint avec pistonnage dans une partie seulement du volume d'expansion thermique.A first object of the invention is to cut the high currents by self-blowing with thermal expansion in a thermal expansion volume dimensioned for this purpose, and the cutting of low currents by self-pneumatic boost blowing with piston in a part only thermal expansion volume.

Un second but de l'invention est de réaliser un appareil dans lequel la vitesse et la course de remontée de l'ensemble semi-fixe sont progressivement limitées.A second object of the invention is to provide an apparatus in which the speed and the ascent stroke of the semi-fixed assembly are progressively limited.

Un troisième but de l'invention est de réaliser un appareil dans lequel du gaz frais est injecté dans la zone des contacts d'arc lors d'une manoeuvre d'enclenchement, ce qui améliore notablement le fonctionnement de l'appareil lors des cycles de manoeuvre du type précité.A third object of the invention is to provide an apparatus into which fresh gas is injected into the area of the arcing contacts during an engagement maneuver, which notably improves the operation of the apparatus during the cycles of operation of the aforementioned type.

Ces objectifs sont atteints par le disjoncteur de l'invention qui est un disjoncteur à moyenne ou haute tension à autosoufflage d'arc comprenant une enveloppe étanche remplie d'un gaz diélectrique à l'intérieur de laquelle sont placés un premier contact, semi-fixe, électriquement relié à une première prise de courant et un second contact, mobile, électriquement relié à une seconde prise de courant et mécaniquement relié à un organe de manoeuvre, ledit contact semi-fixe étant solidaire d'un piston se déplaçant dans un cylindre, ledit piston délimitant dans ledit cylindre un premier volume du côté de la zone d'arc et un second volume, ledit contact semi-fixe étant soumis à l'action d'un ressort tendant à déplacer le contact semi-fixe dans le même sens que le contact mobile lors d'une opération de déclenchement, caractérisé en ce que le disjoncteur comprend des moyens pour limiter, au cours d'une opération de déclenchement, sur courant de court-circuit, la vitesse et l'amplitude du mouvement du piston dans le sens opposé à celui de la détente du ressort, les mêmes moyens permettant une injection de gaz non pollué sur la zone des contacts d'arc lors de l'opération de réenclenchement succédant à ladite opération de déclenchement .These objectives are achieved by the circuit breaker of the invention which is a medium or high voltage circuit breaker with self-blowing arc comprising an envelope sealed filled with a dielectric gas inside which are placed a first contact, semi-fixed, electrically connected to a first socket-outlet and a second contact, mobile, electrically connected to a second socket-outlet and mechanically connected to an operating member, said semi-fixed contact being integral with a piston moving in a cylinder, said piston delimiting in said cylinder a first volume on the side of the arc zone and a second volume, said semi-fixed contact being subjected to the action of a spring tending to move the semi-fixed contact in the same direction as the movable contact during a tripping operation, characterized in that the circuit breaker comprises means for limiting, during a tripping operation, on short-circuit current, the speed and amplitude of the movement of the piston in the opposite direction to that of the rebound of the spring, the same means allowing an injection of gas not in. Eluted to the arcing contact area during the reclosing operation succeeding said tripping operation.

Dans un mode particulier de réalisation, lesdits moyens comprennent des organes pour clore, au cours d'une opération de déclenchement, ledit second volume, les mêmes organes permettant le passage de gaz dudit second volume vers ledit premier volume lors d'une opération de réenclenchement.In a particular embodiment, said means comprise members for closing, during a triggering operation, said second volume, the same members allowing gas to pass from said second volume to said first volume during a reset operation. .

Par exemple, lesdits organes comprennent d'une part des premiers trous traversant ledit piston et obturables par des premiers clapets unidirectionnels fermés lorsque la pression dans ledit premier volume est supérieure à la pression dans ledit second volume, et d'autre part des seconds trous traversant le fond dudit cylindre et obturables par des seconds clapets unidirectionnels fermés lorsque la pression dans ledit second volume est supérieure à la pression régnant dans l'enveloppe à l'extérieur dudit cylindre.For example, said members comprise on the one hand first holes passing through said piston and closable by first unidirectional valves closed when the pressure in said first volume is greater than the pressure in said second volume, and on the other hand second through holes the bottom of said cylinder and closable by second unidirectional valves closed when the pressure in said second volume is greater than the pressure prevailing in the envelope outside said cylinder.

Avantageusement, lesdits premiers clapets sont constitués ensemble par une première rondelle.Advantageously, said first valves are formed together by a first washer.

De même, lesdits seconds clapets sont constitués ensemble par une seconde rondelle.Similarly, said second valves are formed together by a second washer.

L'invention sera bien comprise à la lumière de la description donnée ci-après d'un exemple de réalisation de l'invention, en regard du dessin annexé dans lequel:

  • la figure 1 est une vue en coupe axiale d'un disjoncteur selon l'invention représenté en position enclenchée,
  • la figure 2 est une vue en coupe axiale du même disjoncteur représenté lors d'un déclenchement sur un courant de faible intensité,
  • la figure 3 est une vue en coupe axiale du même disjoncteur représenté lors d'un déclenchement sur court-circuit,
  • la figure 4 est une vue en coupe axiale du même disjoncteur, représenté lors d'une manoeuvre d'enclenchement.
The invention will be clearly understood in the light of the description given below of an exemplary embodiment of the invention, with reference to the appended drawing in which:
  • FIG. 1 is a view in axial section of a circuit breaker according to the invention shown in the engaged position,
  • FIG. 2 is a view in axial section of the same circuit breaker shown during tripping on a low current,
  • FIG. 3 is a view in axial section of the same circuit breaker shown during tripping on a short circuit,
  • Figure 4 is an axial sectional view of the same circuit breaker, shown during an engagement operation.

Dans la figure 1, on distingue une enveloppe 1, en matériau isolant, à l'intérieur de laquelle se trouve un gaz à bonnes propriétés diélectriques tel que l'hexafluorure de soufre SF6, sous une pression de un à quelques bars. Une première prise de courant 2, traversant l'enveloppe de manière étanche, est électriquement reliée par une tresse 3, à un premier contact 4 appelé semi-fixe pour des raisons exposées plus loin. Le contact 4, réalisé sous forme tubulaire, est terminé par une pièce d'usure 4A en matériau résistant aux effets de l'arc électrique, par exemple un alliage à base de tungstène.In Figure 1, there is a casing 1, of insulating material, inside which there is a gas with good dielectric properties such as sulfur hexafluoride SF6, under a pressure of one to a few bars. A first socket 2, passing through the envelope in a sealed manner, is electrically connected by a braid 3, to a first contact 4 called semi-fixed for reasons explained below. The contact 4, produced in tubular form, is terminated by a wearing part 4A made of a material resistant to the effects of the electric arc, for example an alloy based on tungsten.

Une seconde prise de courant 5, traversant l'enveloppe de manière étanche, est électriquement reliée par des contacts glissants 6, à une tige 7 constituant un contact mobile du disjoncteur; la tige 7 traverse l'enveloppe de manière étanche et est reliée à un mécanisme de manoeuvre non représenté. La tige 7 possède une extrémité 7A en matériau résistant aux effets de l'arc électrique.A second socket 5, passing through the envelope in a sealed manner, is electrically connected by sliding contacts 6, to a rod 7 constituting a movable contact of the circuit breaker; the rod 7 passes through the envelope in a sealed manner and is connected to an operating mechanism, not shown. Rod 7 has an end 7A of material resistant to the effects of the electric arc.

Le contact semi-fixe 4 porte un piston 8 coulissant dans un cylindre fixe 9; la course du piston 8 est limitée par un épaulement inférieur 11 et une couronne supérieure 12; le contact semi-fixe 4 est poussé par un ressort 13 qui est comprimé lorsque le disjoncteur est en position enclenchée, comme c'est le cas dans la figure 1.The semi-fixed contact 4 carries a piston 8 sliding in a fixed cylinder 9; the stroke of the piston 8 is limited by a lower shoulder 11 and an upper ring 12; the semi-fixed contact 4 is pushed by a spring 13 which is compressed when the circuit breaker is in the engaged position, as is the case in FIG. 1.

Le cylindre 9 est fixé par un fond 14 à un cylindre 15 de dimensions plus grandes; le cylindre 15 est fixé à l'enveloppe 1; il porte, à une extrémité, une buse isolante 16, à travers laquelle coulisse la tige 7.The cylinder 9 is fixed by a bottom 14 to a cylinder 15 of larger dimensions; the cylinder 15 is fixed to the casing 1; it carries, at one end, an insulating nozzle 16, through which the rod 7 slides.

Le piston 8 sépare l'intérieur du cylindre en deux volumes, V1 à la partie inférieure de la figure et V2 à la partie supérieure. Les volumes V1 et V2 peuvent communiquer par des orifices 18 pratiqués à travers le piston 8; ces orifices peuvent être obturés simultanément par un clapet unidirectionnel constitué d'une rondelle 19 retenue par un épaulement 21 du piston 8. Le volume V2 peut communiquer avec le volume V3 extérieur au cylindre 9 par des orifices 22 pratiqués dans le fond de ce cylindre; ces orifices peuvent être obturés simultanément par un clapet unidirectionnel constitué par une rondelle 23 retenue par la couronne 12.The piston 8 separates the interior of the cylinder into two volumes, V1 at the bottom of the figure and V2 at the top. The volumes V1 and V2 can communicate through orifices 18 made through the piston 8; these orifices can be closed simultaneously by a one-way valve consisting of a washer 19 retained by a shoulder 21 of the piston 8. The volume V2 can communicate with the volume V3 outside the cylinder 9 through orifices 22 made in the bottom of this cylinder; these orifices can be closed simultaneously by a one-way valve constituted by a washer 23 retained by the crown 12.

Des orifices 24, pratiqués dans le cylindre 15, facilitent la circulation du gaz à l'intérieur de l'enveloppe 1.Ports 24 made in the cylinder 15 facilitate the circulation of gas inside the casing 1.

On désigne par V4 le volume compris entre les cylindres 15 et 9; ce volume V4, en communication permanente avec le volume V1 par un passage entre la buse 16 et l'extrémité du cylindre 9, constitue, avec le volume V1, un volume V1 + V4 d'expansion thermique du disjoncteur.V4 denotes the volume between the cylinders 15 and 9; this volume V4, in permanent communication with the volume V1 by a passage between the nozzle 16 and the end of the cylinder 9, constitutes, with the volume V1, a volume V1 + V4 of thermal expansion of the circuit breaker.

Le fonctionnement du disjoncteur est décrit maintenant.The operation of the circuit breaker is now described.

Coupure des courants de faible intensitéInterruption of low intensity currents

Il s'agit des courants dont l'intensité est inférieure ou sensiblement égale à l'intensité nominale de la phase de la ligne dans laquelle est inséré le disjoncteur.These are currents whose intensity is less than or substantially equal to the nominal current of the phase of the line in which the circuit breaker is inserted.

La tige 7 est tirée par le mécanisme de manoeuvre vers le bas de la figure. Le contact semi-fixe 4, poussé par le ressort 13, accompagne la tige dans son mouvement, jusqu'à ce qu'elle soit arrêtée par l'épaulement 11. La tige poursuit seule son mouvement, provoquant ainsi la séparation des contacts. Un arc 50 jaillit entre les contacts (figure 2) et échauffe le gaz environnant. La surpression, générée par le déplacement du piston 8 et l'échauffement du gaz dans les volumes V1 et V4, provoque un soufflage de l'arc, à travers la buse 16 et le contact 4A, et son extinction à un passage par zéro du courant.The rod 7 is pulled by the operating mechanism towards the bottom of the figure. The semi-fixed contact 4, pushed by the spring 13, accompanies the rod in its movement, until it is stopped by the shoulder 11. The rod continues its movement alone, thus causing the separation of the contacts. An arc 50 erupts between the contacts (Figure 2) and heats the surrounding gas. The overpressure, generated by the displacement of the piston 8 and the heating of the gas in the volumes V1 and V4, causes a blowing of the arc, through the nozzle 16 and the contact 4A, and its extinction at a zero crossing of the current.

Pendant cette manoeuvre, la légère surpression dans le volume V1 a plaqué le clapet 19 contre son siège, isolant ainsi le volume V2.During this maneuver, the slight overpressure in the volume V1 pressed the valve 19 against its seat, thus isolating the volume V2.

Coupure des courants de forte intensitéCut of high intensity currents

Il s'agit des courants de court-circuit.These are short-circuit currents.

Le processus de déclenchement est identique à celui qui vient d'être décrit, jusqu'à la séparation des contacts.The tripping process is identical to that just described, until the contacts are separated.

Mais, cette fois, l'arc 51 (figure 3) est très important et produit un dégagement de chaleur qui conduit à une très forte augmentation de la pression dans les volumes V1 et V4. Le contact 4 est repoussé vers le haut de la figure, en raison de la très forte pression qui s'exerce sur le piston 8 et qui produit une force supérieure à celle du ressort 13. Le volume V1 est ainsi agrandi, de sorte que la pression qui y règne, tout en étant importante, n'en conserve pas moins une valeur acceptable.But, this time, the arc 51 (FIG. 3) is very large and produces a release of heat which leads to a very strong increase in the pressure in the volumes V1 and V4. The contact 4 is pushed up towards the top of the figure, due to the very strong pressure which is exerted on the piston 8 and which produces a force greater than that of the spring 13. The volume V1 is thus enlarged, so that the the pressure which reigns there, while being significant, nevertheless retains an acceptable value.

La surpression dans le volume V1 provoque la fermeture du clapet 19 qui vient isoler le volume V2. Ce dernier diminue en raison du déplacement du piston 8; il en résulte une augmentation de la pression dans le volume V2 qui, d'une part, ferme le clapet 23 et d'autre part, limite la vitesse et la course du piston 8, le gaz du volume V2 jouant le rôle d'amortisseur. De la sorte, l'arc 51 ne s'allonge pas de manière trop importante, ce qui permet de limiter l'échauffement et la pollution du gaz environnant par les produits de décomposition du SF6.The overpressure in the volume V1 causes the closure of the valve 19 which isolates the volume V2. The latter decreases due to the displacement of the piston 8; he this results in an increase in the pressure in the volume V2 which, on the one hand, closes the valve 23 and on the other hand, limits the speed and the stroke of the piston 8, the gas of the volume V2 acting as a damper. In this way, the arc 51 does not stretch too much, which makes it possible to limit the heating and pollution of the surrounding gas by the decomposition products of SF6.

La surpression générée essentiellement par expansion thermique dans les volumes V1 et V4 provoque un soufflage de l'arc à travers la buse 16 et le contact 4A, et son extinction à un passage par zéro du courant.The overpressure generated essentially by thermal expansion in volumes V1 and V4 causes a blowing of the arc through the nozzle 16 and the contact 4A, and its extinction at a zero crossing of the current.

Après extinction de l'arc, le ressort 13 ramène le contact semi-fixe en butée sur l'épaulement 1, comme le montre la figure 2.After extinction of the arc, the spring 13 brings the semi-fixed contact into abutment on the shoulder 1, as shown in FIG. 2.

RéenclenchementResetting

Au réenclenchement, qui se produit par déplacement de la tige 7 vers le haut de la figure (figure 4), il se crée une dépression dans le volume V1, ce qui a pour effet de provoquer l'ouverture du clapet 19. Du gaz non pollué du volume V2 traverse alors les orifices 18, ce qui vient améliorer la qualité diélectrique du gaz dans les volumes V1 et V4, favorisant ainsi la réussite d'une éventuelle opération de coupure qui surviendrait peu de temps après le réenclenchement (cas d'un cycle Ouverture, 0,3 seconde Fermeture, Ouverture).Upon resetting, which occurs by displacement of the rod 7 upwards in the figure (FIG. 4), a vacuum is created in the volume V1, which has the effect of causing the valve 19 to open. polluted volume V2 then crosses the orifices 18, which improves the dielectric quality of the gas in volumes V1 and V4, thus promoting the success of a possible cut-off operation which would occur shortly after reclosing (case of a Opening cycle, 0.3 seconds Closing, Opening).

L'invention n'est pas limitée au mode de réalisation qui vient d'être décrit à titre d'exemple, mais s'applique à tout disjoncteur dans lequel les moyens de l'invention sont remplacés par des moyen remplissant la même fonction en vue du même résultat.The invention is not limited to the embodiment which has just been described by way of example, but applies to any circuit breaker in which the means of the invention are replaced by means fulfilling the same function in view of the same result.

L'invention s'applique aux disjoncteurs à moyenne et haute tension.The invention applies to medium and high voltage circuit breakers.

Claims (7)

Disjoncteur à moyenne ou haute tension à autosoufflage d'arc comprenant une enveloppe étanche remplie d'un gaz diélectrique à l'intérieur de laquelle sont placés un premier contact (4), semi-fixe, électriquement relié à une première prise de courant (2) et un second contact (7), mobile, électriquement relié à une seconde prise de courant (5) et mécaniquement relié à un organe de manoeuvre, ledit contact semi-fixe (4) étant solidaire d'un piston (8) se déplaçant dans un cylindre (9), ledit piston (8) délimitant dans ledit cylindre (9) un premier volume (V1) du côté de la zone d'arc et un second volume (V2), ledit contact semi-fixe (4) étant soumis à l'action d'un ressort (13) tendant à déplacer le contact semi-fixe dans le même sens que le contact mobile lors d'une opération de déclenchement, caractérisé en ce que le disjoncteur comprend des moyens pour limiter, au cours d'une opération de déclenchement, sur courant de court-circuit, la vitesse et l'amplitude du mouvement du piston (8) dans le sens opposé à celui de la détente du ressort (13), les mêmes moyens permettant une injection de gaz non pollué sur la zone des contacts d'arc lors de l'opération de réenclenchement succédant à ladite opération de déclenchement .Medium or high voltage circuit breaker with self-blowing arc comprising a sealed envelope filled with a dielectric gas inside which are placed a first contact (4), semi-fixed, electrically connected to a first socket (2 ) and a second contact (7), mobile, electrically connected to a second socket (5) and mechanically connected to an operating member, said semi-fixed contact (4) being integral with a piston (8) moving in a cylinder (9), said piston (8) delimiting in said cylinder (9) a first volume (V1) on the side of the arc zone and a second volume (V2), said semi-fixed contact (4) being subjected to the action of a spring (13) tending to move the semi-fixed contact in the same direction as the movable contact during a tripping operation, characterized in that the circuit breaker comprises means for limiting, during a tripping operation, on short-circuit current, speed and amp movement of the piston (8) in the opposite direction to that of the spring (13), the same means allowing injection of unpolluted gas into the arcing contact area during the resetting operation succeeding said triggering operation. Disjoncteur selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que lesdits moyens comprennent des organes (18, 19; 22, 23) pour clore, au cours d'une opération de déclenchement, ledit second volume (V2), les mêmes organes permettant le passage de gaz dudit second volume vers ledit premier volume lors d'une opération de réenclenchement.Circuit breaker according to claim 1, characterized in that said means comprise members (18, 19; 22, 23) for closing, during a tripping operation, said second volume (V2), the same members allowing the passage of gas from said second volume to said first volume during a reset operation. Disjoncteur selon la revendication 2, caractérisé en ce que lesdits organes comprennent d'une part des premiers trous (18) traversant ledit piston (8) et obturables par des premiers clapets unidirectionnels (19) fermés lorsque la pression dans ledit premier volume (V1) est supérieure à la pression dans ledit second volume (V2), et d'autre part des seconds trous (22) traversant le fond (9A) dudit cylindre (9) et obturables par des seconds clapets unidirectionnels (23) fermés lorsque la pression dans ledit second volume (V2) est supérieure à la pression régnant dans l'enveloppe à l'extérieur dudit cylindre (9).Circuit breaker according to claim 2, characterized in that said members comprise on the one hand first holes (18) passing through said piston (8) and closable by first unidirectional valves (19) closed when the pressure in said first volume (V1) is greater than the pressure in said second volume (V2), and other part of the second holes (22) passing through the bottom (9A) of said cylinder (9) and closable by second unidirectional valves (23) closed when the pressure in said second volume (V2) is greater than the pressure prevailing in the envelope to the outside of said cylinder (9). Disjoncteur selon la revendication 3, caractérisé en ce que lesdits premiers clapets sont constitués ensemble par une première rondelle (19).Circuit breaker according to claim 3, characterized in that said first valves consist together of a first washer (19). Disjoncteur selon l'une des revendications 3 et 4, caractérisé en ce que lesdits seconds clapets sont constitués ensemble par une seconde rondelle (23).Circuit breaker according to one of claims 3 and 4, characterized in that said second valves consist together of a second washer (23). Disjoncteur selon l'une des revendications 1 à 5, caractérisé en ce que ledit premier volume (V1) communique en permanence avec un volume (V4), par un passage entre ladite buse (16) et l'extrémité dudit cylindre (9).Circuit breaker according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that said first volume (V1) communicates permanently with a volume (V4), by a passage between said nozzle (16) and the end of said cylinder (9). Disjoncteur selon la revendication 6, caractérisé en ce que ledit volume (V4) est délimité par ledit cylindre (9) et un second cylindre (15) coaxial audit cylindre (9).A circuit breaker according to claim 6, characterized in that said volume (V4) is delimited by said cylinder (9) and a second cylinder (15) coaxial with said cylinder (9).
EP91101455A 1990-02-07 1991-02-04 Medium high voltage self-blowing circuit breaker Expired - Lifetime EP0441292B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR9001406A FR2657998B1 (en) 1990-02-07 1990-02-07 SELF - BLOWING MEDIUM OR HIGH VOLTAGE CIRCUIT BREAKER.
FR9001406 1990-02-07

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0441292A1 true EP0441292A1 (en) 1991-08-14
EP0441292B1 EP0441292B1 (en) 1995-05-10

Family

ID=9393462

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP91101455A Expired - Lifetime EP0441292B1 (en) 1990-02-07 1991-02-04 Medium high voltage self-blowing circuit breaker

Country Status (11)

Country Link
US (1) US5126516A (en)
EP (1) EP0441292B1 (en)
JP (1) JPH0828158B2 (en)
CN (1) CN1023735C (en)
AT (1) ATE122498T1 (en)
BR (1) BR9100493A (en)
CA (1) CA2035688C (en)
DE (1) DE69109508T2 (en)
DK (1) DK0441292T3 (en)
ES (1) ES2072460T3 (en)
FR (1) FR2657998B1 (en)

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2683382A1 (en) * 1991-10-31 1993-05-07 Alsthom Gec Medium- or high-voltage circuit breaker with end arc contacts
FR2692716A1 (en) * 1992-06-18 1993-12-24 Alsthom Gec High or medium voltage thermal expansion circuit breaker - has fixed arc contact with crown of contact spines and moving arc contact butting insulating tip on piston for additional blowing
WO2011018426A1 (en) 2009-08-14 2011-02-17 Areva T&D Sas Cutoff chamber for medium- or high-voltage circuit breaker with reduced controlling power
EP2402970A1 (en) 2010-07-01 2012-01-04 Alstom Grid SAS Arc chamber for a medium- or high-voltage circuit breaker with reduced operating energy and dimensions
FR2978597A1 (en) * 2011-07-26 2013-02-01 Alstom Grid Sas Electric current switch/circuit breaker, has mobile and arcing contacts, spring and compression chamber arranged to prematurely separate contacts when current equal to/greater than ninety percent of breaking capacity reaches peak value

Families Citing this family (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2683383B1 (en) * 1991-11-04 1993-12-31 Gec Alsthom Sa HIGH OR MEDIUM VOLTAGE CIRCUIT BREAKER WITH TRIPLE MOTION.
US20050045595A1 (en) * 2003-09-03 2005-03-03 Christian Daehler Pressure-limiting valve for a puffer interrupter assembly
ATE544169T1 (en) * 2008-12-18 2012-02-15 Abb Technology Ag SHORT CIRCUIT DEVICE FOR MEDIUM AND HIGH VOLTAGE SWITCHING DEVICES
KR101309317B1 (en) * 2009-09-10 2013-09-30 엘에스산전 주식회사 Valve for gas circuit breaker and a gas circuit breaker with the same
EP2387057B1 (en) * 2010-05-12 2012-05-23 ABB Technology AG Gas-isolated high voltage switch
JP2012094455A (en) * 2010-10-28 2012-05-17 Toshiba Corp Gas circuit breaker
CN103280375B (en) * 2013-05-24 2015-07-01 沈阳华德海泰电器有限公司 Oil damper for vacuum breaker operating mechanism
KR102486734B1 (en) * 2016-06-03 2023-01-11 에이비비 슈바이쯔 아게 Gas insulated low voltage or medium voltage load disconnect switch

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EP0041081A1 (en) * 1980-06-02 1981-12-09 BBC Aktiengesellschaft Brown, Boveri & Cie. Electric self blast switch
EP0175954A2 (en) * 1984-09-26 1986-04-02 BBC Brown Boveri AG Compressed gas circuit breaker
EP0315505A1 (en) * 1987-11-04 1989-05-10 Merlin Gerin Electrical self blast circuit breaker with variable extinguishing chamber volume

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS5535432A (en) * 1978-09-04 1980-03-12 Mitsubishi Electric Corp Switch

Patent Citations (3)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0041081A1 (en) * 1980-06-02 1981-12-09 BBC Aktiengesellschaft Brown, Boveri & Cie. Electric self blast switch
EP0175954A2 (en) * 1984-09-26 1986-04-02 BBC Brown Boveri AG Compressed gas circuit breaker
EP0315505A1 (en) * 1987-11-04 1989-05-10 Merlin Gerin Electrical self blast circuit breaker with variable extinguishing chamber volume

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2683382A1 (en) * 1991-10-31 1993-05-07 Alsthom Gec Medium- or high-voltage circuit breaker with end arc contacts
FR2692716A1 (en) * 1992-06-18 1993-12-24 Alsthom Gec High or medium voltage thermal expansion circuit breaker - has fixed arc contact with crown of contact spines and moving arc contact butting insulating tip on piston for additional blowing
WO2011018426A1 (en) 2009-08-14 2011-02-17 Areva T&D Sas Cutoff chamber for medium- or high-voltage circuit breaker with reduced controlling power
EP2402970A1 (en) 2010-07-01 2012-01-04 Alstom Grid SAS Arc chamber for a medium- or high-voltage circuit breaker with reduced operating energy and dimensions
FR2962253A1 (en) * 2010-07-01 2012-01-06 Areva T & D Sas BREAKER CHAMBER FOR MEDIUM OR HIGH VOLTAGE CIRCUIT BREAKER WITH REDUCED ENERGY AND DIMENSIONS
FR2978597A1 (en) * 2011-07-26 2013-02-01 Alstom Grid Sas Electric current switch/circuit breaker, has mobile and arcing contacts, spring and compression chamber arranged to prematurely separate contacts when current equal to/greater than ninety percent of breaking capacity reaches peak value

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JPH065167A (en) 1994-01-14
CN1023735C (en) 1994-02-09
EP0441292B1 (en) 1995-05-10
FR2657998B1 (en) 1992-04-10
CA2035688A1 (en) 1991-08-08
DK0441292T3 (en) 1995-08-14
CN1063966A (en) 1992-08-26
DE69109508T2 (en) 1995-09-14
ATE122498T1 (en) 1995-05-15
FR2657998A1 (en) 1991-08-09
ES2072460T3 (en) 1995-07-16
JPH0828158B2 (en) 1996-03-21
BR9100493A (en) 1991-10-29
CA2035688C (en) 1994-07-26
DE69109508D1 (en) 1995-06-14
US5126516A (en) 1992-06-30

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