EP0315505A1 - Electrical self blast circuit breaker with variable extinguishing chamber volume - Google Patents

Electrical self blast circuit breaker with variable extinguishing chamber volume Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0315505A1
EP0315505A1 EP88402692A EP88402692A EP0315505A1 EP 0315505 A1 EP0315505 A1 EP 0315505A1 EP 88402692 A EP88402692 A EP 88402692A EP 88402692 A EP88402692 A EP 88402692A EP 0315505 A1 EP0315505 A1 EP 0315505A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
piston
contacts
extinguishing chamber
circuit breaker
arc
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
EP88402692A
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German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Roger Bolongeat-Mobleu
Régis Rival
Gérard Menou
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Merlin Gerin SA
Original Assignee
Merlin Gerin SA
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Merlin Gerin SA filed Critical Merlin Gerin SA
Publication of EP0315505A1 publication Critical patent/EP0315505A1/en
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H33/00—High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
    • H01H33/70—Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid
    • H01H33/88—Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid the flow of arc-extinguishing fluid being produced or increased by movement of pistons or other pressure-producing parts
    • H01H33/94—Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid the flow of arc-extinguishing fluid being produced or increased by movement of pistons or other pressure-producing parts this movement being effected solely due to the pressure caused by the arc itself or by an auxiliary arc
    • H01H33/95—Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid the flow of arc-extinguishing fluid being produced or increased by movement of pistons or other pressure-producing parts this movement being effected solely due to the pressure caused by the arc itself or by an auxiliary arc the arc-extinguishing fluid being air or gas
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H33/00—High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
    • H01H33/70—Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid
    • H01H33/98—Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid the flow of arc-extinguishing fluid being initiated by an auxiliary arc or a section of the arc, without any moving parts for producing or increasing the flow

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a self-expanding electric circuit breaker comprising: - a sealed enclosure filled with a gas with high dielectric strength, an arc extinguishing chamber disposed inside said enclosure and having a communication orifice with the enclosure and a wall arranged in a piston, the displacement of which causes a variation in the volume of the extinguishing chamber, said piston being biased in position of minimum volume of the extinguishing chamber and moving under the action of an increase in the pressure in the extinguishing chamber to increase the volume of the latter, a pair of contacts disposed in the arc extinguishing chamber, said communication orifice being closed in the closed position of said pair of contacts and opening when the contacts are separated to allow a flow of the compressed blowing gas from the arc drawn between the contacts of the extinguishing chamber towards the enclosure.
  • An electric circuit breaker of the kind mentioned, in particular at medium or high voltage, requires relatively low operating energy and allows the breaking of the current by deriving the blowing energy from the arc, from the heating due to the arc.
  • the effect of blowing is no longer obtained by a mechanical piston action, but by heating under the action of the arc which depends on many factors, in particular the intensity of the current flowing through the circuit breaker, the volume of the extinguishing chamber and contact separation speed. It is difficult to design a self-expanding circuit breaker capable of correctly breaking both low currents and very high short circuit currents intensity.
  • a small volume chamber is suitable for breaking low current but during a short-circuit current, the volume of the blowing gas is insufficient.
  • the pressure build-up is insufficient to blow out the arcs of low currents.
  • the present invention aims to allow the realization of a self-expanding circuit breaker having a volume arc extinguishing chamber adapting to the intensity of the arc to be extinguished.
  • the circuit breaker according to the invention is characterized in that said contacts are arcing contacts on which the arc drawn during the separation of said contacts remains anchored until it goes out and that one semi-fixed of the contacts is integral of said piston, so as to increase the separation distance of the contacts when the piston moves under the action of the pressure in the extinguishing chamber due to the arc drawn between the contacts.
  • the contacts elongated are mounted to slide axially, one of the contacts being movable and the other contact being mounted semi-fixed while being rigidly secured to the piston confining the arc extinguishing chamber.
  • At least one and preferably the two contacts are tubular to form orifices for blowing the blowing gases through the contacts, these blowing orifices being closed in the closed and abutting position of the contacts.
  • the semi-fixed mounting of one of the contacts ensures correct closing, independent of manufacturing tolerances and the spring urging the piston into the minimum volume position of the extinguishing chamber simultaneously ensures the contact closing pressure. In the closed position of the contacts, the piston is held by the abutted contacts in an intermediate position close to the minimum volume position.
  • the semi-fixed contact initially accompanies the movable contact in its movement by causing compression of the gas in the chamber. 'extinction, due to the displacement of the piston towards the minimum volume position.
  • This displacement of the semi-fixed contact and of the piston is generated by the spring which maintains the semi-fixed contact at the abutment of the movable contact.
  • the semi-fixed contact abuts and separates from the movable contact by drawing an arc. This precompression of blowing gases, well known to specialists, promotes rapid extinction of the arc.
  • the piston remains in the minimum volume position or moves to increase the volume of the extinguishing chamber. As soon as the contacts are separated, the compressed gas in the extinguishing chamber escapes through the tubular contacts to the enclosure of the circuit breaker.
  • the extinguishing chamber can be subdivided into two compartments when the piston is in the minimum volume position, only one of the compartments constituting the extinguishing chamber as long as the piston remains in this position.
  • the partition wall of the two compartments may be a cylindrical collar integral with the piston and coaxially surrounding the semi-fixed contact, this collar coming into abutment to maintain the piston in the position of minimum volume.
  • the cylindrical flange confines a restricted arc extinguishing chamber of sufficient volume for breaking low current.
  • the blowing effect due to the piston after the arc has been extinguished can be modulated by slowing the movement of the piston, for example pneumatically by limiting the entry of gas into a space confined by the piston.
  • a limited opening shunt valve allows the piston to move freely in the direction of contact separation.
  • the braking space or volume is confined by the cylinder of the extinguishing chamber and by two bottoms, one consisting of the face of the piston opposite the arc extinguishing chamber, and the other by a bottom. fixed closing the cylinder.
  • the pole includes a sealed enclosure 10 filled with a gas with high dielectric strength such as sulfur hexafluoride under low pressure or at atmospheric pressure.
  • a gas with high dielectric strength such as sulfur hexafluoride under low pressure or at atmospheric pressure.
  • a cylinder 12 closed by fixed bottoms 14 and 16.
  • a piston 18 delimiting on the side of the fixed bottom 16, a forming chamber and arc extinction 20 and on the opposite side a braking chamber 22.
  • a semi-fixed tubular contact 24 which passes through the piston 18 and the bottom 14.
  • the opposite bottom 16 of the arc extinction 20 is crossed by a movable tubular contact 28, extended outside the enclosure 10 by a control rod 30.
  • the cylinder 12 and the control rod 30 are made of an insulating material, while the bottom 14 metal is arranged in the current supply range to the semi-fixed contact 24.
  • the other current supply range (not shown) cooperates by means of friction contacts with the movable contact 28.
  • the interior of the contact semi-fixed 24 communicates freely with the enclosure 10 and the interior of the movable contact 28 communicates with this in surrounded by orifices 32,34, respectively formed in the movable contact 28 and in a guide sleeve integral with the cylinder 12, these orifices 32,34 coming opposite one another to constitute an orifice gas exhaust to enclosure 10.
  • the ends of the contacts 24, 28 are abutted and arranged inside the arc extinguishing chamber 20.
  • a spring 36 interposed between the movable piston 18 and the bottom 14 solicits abutting contacts by supplying contact pressure.
  • the face of the piston 18 delimiting the arc extinguishing chamber 20 carries a cylindrical flange 38 whose free edge 40 is in the vicinity of the end of the semi-fixed contact 24.
  • the edge 40 of the flange 38 abuts on the bottom 16 by confining an extinguishing chamber of reduced volume.
  • the braking volume 22 communicates with the enclosure 10, on the one hand by a limited orifice 42 and, on the other hand by a unidirectional valve 44 authorizing the free escape of the gas from the braking volume 22 towards the enclosure 10.
  • the circuit breaker according to the invention operates as follows:
  • the arc extinguishing chamber 20 is limited to a compartment 46 surrounded by the flange 38.
  • the rise in pressure in the compartment 46 due to the arc action is insufficient to push the piston 18 against the force of the spring 36.
  • the compressed gas in the compartment 46 escapes through the tubular contacts 24,28 towards the enclosure 10 by blowing the arc drawn between the separate contacts 24,28.
  • the reduced volume of the arc extinguishing chamber 20 constituted by the compartment 46 allows an increase in pressure and a sufficient blowing for the extinction of the arc of low intensity.
  • the pressure in the extinguishing chamber 20 decreases and the piston 18 is pushed back by the spring 36 causing a blowing of the gases through the contacts 24, 28, to bring fresh gases into the contact separation zone and prevent any re-ignition of the arc.
  • the speed of movement of the piston 18 and therefore the blowing intensity depends on the differential force between the spring 36 and the pressure prevailing in the arc extinguishing chamber 20, and this speed of movement can be modulated by limiting the entry of gas into the braking volume 22 through the limited orifice 42. By choosing a sufficiently small section of the limited orifice 42, the blowing can be maintained for a sufficient time to regenerate the dielectric strength in the contact separation area.
  • the displacement of the piston 18 during the period of persistence of the arc causes the semi-fixed contact 24 to a position of separation of the movable contact 28 which promotes the extinction of the arc during the passage of the current to zero.

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  • Circuit Breakers (AREA)

Abstract

A self-blast electrical circuit-breaker comprises an arc- extinguishing chamber (20) whose volume can be varied by driving back a piston (18), by virtue of the gas pressure prevailing in the extinguishing chamber (20). The piston (18) is made integral with a semi-fixed contact (24) so as to raise the distance of separation of the contacts (24, 28) simultaneously with the increasing of the volume of the extinguishing chamber (20). <IMAGE>

Description

L'invention est relative à un disjoncteur électrique à auto-­expansion comprenant:
- une enceinte étanche remplie d'un gaz à rigidité diélectrique élevée,
- une chambre d'extinction d'arc disposée à l'intérieur de ladite enceinte et ayant un orifice de communication avec l'enceinte et une paroi agencée en piston, dont le déplacement provoque une variation du volume de la chambre d'extinction, ledit piston étant sollicité en position de volume minimal de la chambre d'extinction et se déplaçant sous l'action d'une augmentation de la pression dans la chambre d'extinction pour accroître le volume de cette dernière,
- une paire de contacts disposée dans la chambre d'extinction d'arc, ledit orifice de communication étant obturé en position fermé de ladite paire de contacts et s'ouvrant lors de la séparation des contacts pour permettre un écoulement du gaz comprimé de soufflage de l'arc tiré entre les contacts de la chambre d'extinction vers l'enceinte.The invention relates to a self-expanding electric circuit breaker comprising:
- a sealed enclosure filled with a gas with high dielectric strength,
an arc extinguishing chamber disposed inside said enclosure and having a communication orifice with the enclosure and a wall arranged in a piston, the displacement of which causes a variation in the volume of the extinguishing chamber, said piston being biased in position of minimum volume of the extinguishing chamber and moving under the action of an increase in the pressure in the extinguishing chamber to increase the volume of the latter,
a pair of contacts disposed in the arc extinguishing chamber, said communication orifice being closed in the closed position of said pair of contacts and opening when the contacts are separated to allow a flow of the compressed blowing gas from the arc drawn between the contacts of the extinguishing chamber towards the enclosure.

Un disjoncteur électrique du genre mentionné, notamment à moyenne ou à haute tension, nécessite une énergie de manoeuvre relativement faible et permet la coupure du courant en dérivant l'energie de soufflage de l'arc, de l'échauffement dû à l'arc. L'effet du soufflage n'est plus obtenu par une action mécanique de pistonnage, mais par un échauffement sous l'action de l'arc qui dépend de nombreux facteurs, notamment de l'intensité du courant parcourant le disjoncteur, du volume de la chambre d'extinction et de la vitesse de séparation des contacts. Il est difficile de concevoir un disjoncteur à auto-expansion capable de couper correctement à la fois des courants de faible intensité, et des courant de courts-circuits de très forte intensité. Une chambre de faible volume est adaptée à la coupure de faible courant mais lors d'un courant de court-circuit, le volume du gaz de soufflage est insuffisant. En utilisant une chambre d'extinction de volume important adaptée à la coupure de fort courant, la montée en pression est insuffisante pour souffler les arcs de faible courant.An electric circuit breaker of the kind mentioned, in particular at medium or high voltage, requires relatively low operating energy and allows the breaking of the current by deriving the blowing energy from the arc, from the heating due to the arc. The effect of blowing is no longer obtained by a mechanical piston action, but by heating under the action of the arc which depends on many factors, in particular the intensity of the current flowing through the circuit breaker, the volume of the extinguishing chamber and contact separation speed. It is difficult to design a self-expanding circuit breaker capable of correctly breaking both low currents and very high short circuit currents intensity. A small volume chamber is suitable for breaking low current but during a short-circuit current, the volume of the blowing gas is insufficient. By using a large-volume extinguishing chamber suitable for cutting off high currents, the pressure build-up is insufficient to blow out the arcs of low currents.

La présente invention a pour but de permettre la réalisation d'un disjoncteur à auto-expansion ayant une chambre d'extinction d'arc de volume s'adaptant à l'intensité de l'arc à éteindre.The present invention aims to allow the realization of a self-expanding circuit breaker having a volume arc extinguishing chamber adapting to the intensity of the arc to be extinguished.

Le disjoncteur selon l'invention est caractérisé en ce que lesdits contacts sont des contacts d'arc sur lesquels l'arc tiré lors de la séparation desdits contacts reste ancré jusqu'à son extinction et que l'un semi-fixe des contacts est solidaire dudit piston, de manière à accroître la distance de séparation des contacts lorsque le piston se déplace sous l'action de la pression dans la chambre d'extinction due à l'arc, tiré entre les contacts.The circuit breaker according to the invention is characterized in that said contacts are arcing contacts on which the arc drawn during the separation of said contacts remains anchored until it goes out and that one semi-fixed of the contacts is integral of said piston, so as to increase the separation distance of the contacts when the piston moves under the action of the pressure in the extinguishing chamber due to the arc drawn between the contacts.

La montée en pression du gaz dans la chambre d'extinction et, de ce fait le déplacement du piston avec une augmentation du volume de la chambre, sont directement liés à l'intensité du courant alimentant l'arc et cette disposition adapte l'intensité de soufflage à celle de l'arc. En solidarisant le contact semi-fixe et le piston, la distance d'écartement des deux contacts augmente en même temps que le volume de la chambre d'extinction pour atteindre une valeur maximale au moment du passage au zéro du courant où l'arc s'éteint normalement. Par la suite, le gaz contenu dans la chambre d'extinction s'échappe et se refroidit, entraînant une baisse de la pression et un déplacement en direction inverse du piston et du contact semi-fixe en alimentant la zone d'arc en gaz frais de soufflage, permettant d'assurer une tenue diélectrique suffisante pour éviter tout réamorçage.The increase in pressure of the gas in the extinguishing chamber and, therefore the displacement of the piston with an increase in the volume of the chamber, are directly linked to the intensity of the current supplying the arc and this arrangement adapts the intensity blowing to that of the arc. By joining the semi-fixed contact and the piston, the distance between the two contacts increases at the same time as the volume of the extinguishing chamber, reaching a maximum value at the time of the zero current crossing where the arc s 'off normally. Thereafter, the gas contained in the extinguishing chamber escapes and cools, causing a drop in pressure and a displacement in opposite direction of the piston and the semi-fixed contact by supplying the arc zone with fresh gas blowing, ensuring sufficient dielectric strength to avoid re-ignition.

Selon une forme d'exécution de l'invention, les contacts allongés sont montés à coulissement axial, l'un des contacts étant mobile et l'autre contact étant monté semi-fixe en étant rigidement assujetti au piston confinant la chambre d'extinction d'arc. Au moins l'un et de préférence les deux contacts sont tubulaires pour constituer des orifices d'échapppement des gaz de soufflage à travers les contacts, ces orifices de soufflage étant obturés en position de fermeture et d'aboutement des contacts. Le montage semi-fixe de l'un des contacts assure une fermeture correcte, indépendante des tolérances de fabrication et le ressort sollicitant le piston en position de volume minimal de la chambre d'extinction assure simultanément la pression de fermeture des contacts. En position fermé des contacts, le piston est maintenu par les contacts aboutés en une position intermédiaire voisine de la position de volume minimal. Lors d'une manoeuvre d'ouverture du disjoncteur engendré par un coulissement du contact mobile en direction d'ouverture, le contact semi-fixe accompagne en un premier temps, le contact mobile dans son mouvement en engendrant une compression du gaz dans la chambre d'extinction, du fait du déplacement du piston en direction de la position de volume minimal. Ce déplacement du contact semi-fixe et du piston est engendré par le ressort qui maintient le contact semi-fixe en aboutement du contact mobile. Après cette phase de précompression et lors d'un mouvement poursuivi du contact mobile, le contact semi-fixe vient en butée et se sépare du contact mobile en tirant un arc. Cette précompression des gaz de soufflage, bien connue des spécialistes, favorise l'extinc­tion rapide de l'arc. En fonction de l'intensité de l'arc, le piston reste dans la position de volume minimal ou se déplace pour accroître le volume de la chambre d'extinction. Dès la séparation des contacts, le gaz comprimé dans la chambre d'extinction s'échappe à travers les contacts tubulaires vers l'enceinte du disjoncteur.According to one embodiment of the invention, the contacts elongated are mounted to slide axially, one of the contacts being movable and the other contact being mounted semi-fixed while being rigidly secured to the piston confining the arc extinguishing chamber. At least one and preferably the two contacts are tubular to form orifices for blowing the blowing gases through the contacts, these blowing orifices being closed in the closed and abutting position of the contacts. The semi-fixed mounting of one of the contacts ensures correct closing, independent of manufacturing tolerances and the spring urging the piston into the minimum volume position of the extinguishing chamber simultaneously ensures the contact closing pressure. In the closed position of the contacts, the piston is held by the abutted contacts in an intermediate position close to the minimum volume position. During an opening operation of the circuit breaker generated by a sliding of the movable contact in the opening direction, the semi-fixed contact initially accompanies the movable contact in its movement by causing compression of the gas in the chamber. 'extinction, due to the displacement of the piston towards the minimum volume position. This displacement of the semi-fixed contact and of the piston is generated by the spring which maintains the semi-fixed contact at the abutment of the movable contact. After this precompression phase and during a continued movement of the movable contact, the semi-fixed contact abuts and separates from the movable contact by drawing an arc. This precompression of blowing gases, well known to specialists, promotes rapid extinction of the arc. Depending on the intensity of the arc, the piston remains in the minimum volume position or moves to increase the volume of the extinguishing chamber. As soon as the contacts are separated, the compressed gas in the extinguishing chamber escapes through the tubular contacts to the enclosure of the circuit breaker.

L'augmentation et la réduction du volume de la chambre d'extinction peuvent résulter du simple déplacement du piston dans l'une ou l'autre direction, mais selon un développement de l'invention, la chambre d'extinction peut être subdivisée en deux compartiments lorsque le piston se trouve dans la position de volume minimal, seul l'un des compartiment constituant la chambre d'extinction tant que le piston reste dans cette position. Lors d'une augmentation de la pression dans la chambre d'extinction, suffisante au refoulement du piston, les deux compartiments sont mis en communication pour augmenter le volume de la chambre d'extinction. La paroi de séparation des deux compartiments peut être une collerette cylindrique solidaire du piston et entourant coaxialement le contact semi-fixe, cette collerette venant en butée pour maintenir le piston en position de volume minimal. En position de butée, la collerette cylindrique confine une chambre restreinte d'extinction d'arc de volume suffisant pour la coupure de faible courant. L'effet de soufflage dû au pistonnage après l'extinction de l'arc peut être modulé en freinant le déplacement du piston, par exemple pneumatiquement en limitant l'entrée de gaz dans un espace confiné par le piston. Un clapet de shuntage de l'orifice limité permet le libre déplacement du piston en direction de séparation des contacts. L'espace ou volume de freinage est confiné par le cylindre de la chambre d'extinction et par deux fonds, l'un constitué par la face du piston opposée à la chambre d'extinction d'arc, et l'autre par un fond fixe obturant le cylindre.The increase and reduction in the volume of the extinguishing chamber can result from the simple displacement of the piston in one or the other direction, but according to a development of the invention, the extinguishing chamber can be subdivided into two compartments when the piston is in the minimum volume position, only one of the compartments constituting the extinguishing chamber as long as the piston remains in this position. When the pressure in the extinguishing chamber increases, sufficient for the piston to discharge, the two compartments are placed in communication to increase the volume of the extinguishing chamber. The partition wall of the two compartments may be a cylindrical collar integral with the piston and coaxially surrounding the semi-fixed contact, this collar coming into abutment to maintain the piston in the position of minimum volume. In the stop position, the cylindrical flange confines a restricted arc extinguishing chamber of sufficient volume for breaking low current. The blowing effect due to the piston after the arc has been extinguished can be modulated by slowing the movement of the piston, for example pneumatically by limiting the entry of gas into a space confined by the piston. A limited opening shunt valve allows the piston to move freely in the direction of contact separation. The braking space or volume is confined by the cylinder of the extinguishing chamber and by two bottoms, one consisting of the face of the piston opposite the arc extinguishing chamber, and the other by a bottom. fixed closing the cylinder.

D'autres avantages et caractéristiques ressortiront plus clairement de la description qui va suivre d'un mode de mise en oeuvre de l'invention donné à titre d'exemple non limitatif et représenté aux dessins annexés dans lesquels:

  • - la figure 1 est une vue schématique en coupe axiale d'un pôle d'un disjoncteur à auto-expansion selon l'invention représenté en position fermé;
  • - la figure 2 est une vue analogue à celle de la figure 1, sur laquelle l'enceinte n'est pas représentée, le pôle étant en cours d'ouverture pour la coupure d'un faible courant;
  • - la figure 3 est une vue analogue à celle de la figure 2, montrant le pôle en position d'extinction de l'arc lors d'un fort courant;
  • - la figure 4 est une vue analogue aux figures 1 à 3, montrant le pôle en position ouvert.
Other advantages and characteristics will emerge more clearly from the description which follows of an embodiment of the invention given by way of nonlimiting example and represented in the appended drawings in which:
  • - Figure 1 is a schematic view in axial section of a pole of a self-expanding circuit breaker according to the invention shown in the closed position;
  • - Figure 2 is a view similar to that of Figure 1, in which the enclosure is not shown, the pole being opened for breaking a low current;
  • - Figure 3 is a view similar to that of Figure 2, showing the pole in the arc extinguishing position during a strong current;
  • - Figure 4 is a view similar to Figures 1 to 3, showing the pole in the open position.

Sur les figures, le pôle comporte une enceinte étanche 10 remplie d'un gaz à rigidité diélectrique élevée tel que l'hexafluorure de soufre sous faible pression ou à la pression atmosphérique. A l'intérieur de l'enceinte 10 est fixé un cylindre 12 obturé par des fonds fixes 14 et 16. A l'intérieur du cylindre 12 est monté à coulissement, un piston 18 délimitant du côté du fond fixe 16, une chambre de formation et d'extinction d'arc 20 et du côté opposé une chambre de freinage 22. Au piston 18, est assujetti un contact tubulaire semi-fixe 24 qui traverse le piston 18 et le fond 14. Le fond opposé 16 de la chambre d'extinction d'arc 20 est traversé par un contact mobile tubulaire 28, prolongé à l'extérieur de l'enceinte 10 par une tige de commande 30. Le cylindre 12 et la tige de commande 30 sont en un matériau isolant, tandis que le fond 14 métallique est agencé en plage d'amenée de courant au contact semi-fixe 24. L'autre plage d'amenée de courant (non représentée) coopère par l'intermédiaire de contacts frottants avec le contact mobile 28. L'intérieur du contact semi-fixe 24 communique librement avec l'enceinte 10 et l'intérieur du contact mobile 28 communique avec cette enceinte 10 par l'intermédiaire d'orifices 32,34, respectivement ménagés dans le contact mobile 28 et dans un fourreau de guidage solidaire du cylindre 12, ces orifices 32,34 venant en regard l'un de l'autre pour constituer un orifice d'échappement de gaz vers l'enceinte 10.In the figures, the pole includes a sealed enclosure 10 filled with a gas with high dielectric strength such as sulfur hexafluoride under low pressure or at atmospheric pressure. Inside the enclosure 10 is fixed a cylinder 12 closed by fixed bottoms 14 and 16. Inside the cylinder 12 is slidably mounted, a piston 18 delimiting on the side of the fixed bottom 16, a forming chamber and arc extinction 20 and on the opposite side a braking chamber 22. To the piston 18, is subjected a semi-fixed tubular contact 24 which passes through the piston 18 and the bottom 14. The opposite bottom 16 of the arc extinction 20 is crossed by a movable tubular contact 28, extended outside the enclosure 10 by a control rod 30. The cylinder 12 and the control rod 30 are made of an insulating material, while the bottom 14 metal is arranged in the current supply range to the semi-fixed contact 24. The other current supply range (not shown) cooperates by means of friction contacts with the movable contact 28. The interior of the contact semi-fixed 24 communicates freely with the enclosure 10 and the interior of the movable contact 28 communicates with this in surrounded by orifices 32,34, respectively formed in the movable contact 28 and in a guide sleeve integral with the cylinder 12, these orifices 32,34 coming opposite one another to constitute an orifice gas exhaust to enclosure 10.

En position de fermeture du disjoncteur représentée à la figure 1, les extrémités des contacts 24,28 sont aboutées et disposées à l'intérieur de la chambre d'extinction d'arc 20. Un ressort 36 intercalé entre le piston mobile 18 et le fond 14 sollicite les contacts en aboutement en fournissant la pression de contact. La face du piston 18 délimitant la chambre d'extinction d'arc 20 porte une collerette cylindrique 38 dont le bord libre 40 est au voisinage de l'extrémité du contact semi-fixe 24. Lors d'un coulissement vers le bas sur la figure 1 du piston 18, le bord 40 de la collerette 38 vient buter sur le fond 16 en confinant une chambre d'extinction de volume réduit. Le volume de freinage 22 communique avec l'enceinte 10, d'une part par un orifice limité 42 et, d'autre part par un clapet unidirectionnel 44 autorisant le libre échappement du gaz du volume de freinage 22 vers l'enceinte 10.In the closed position of the circuit breaker shown in FIG. 1, the ends of the contacts 24, 28 are abutted and arranged inside the arc extinguishing chamber 20. A spring 36 interposed between the movable piston 18 and the bottom 14 solicits abutting contacts by supplying contact pressure. The face of the piston 18 delimiting the arc extinguishing chamber 20 carries a cylindrical flange 38 whose free edge 40 is in the vicinity of the end of the semi-fixed contact 24. When sliding down in FIG. 1 of the piston 18, the edge 40 of the flange 38 abuts on the bottom 16 by confining an extinguishing chamber of reduced volume. The braking volume 22 communicates with the enclosure 10, on the one hand by a limited orifice 42 and, on the other hand by a unidirectional valve 44 authorizing the free escape of the gas from the braking volume 22 towards the enclosure 10.

Le disjoncteur selon l'invention fonctionne de la manière suivante:The circuit breaker according to the invention operates as follows:

En position fermé représentée à la figure 1, les contacts 24,28 sont aboutés et le piston 18 est maintenu par les contacts 24,28 en une position intermédiaire dans laquelle le bord 40 est écarté du fond 16. La pression est uniforme dans l'ensemble de l'enceinte 10. Une commande d'ouverture du disjoncteur par coulissement vers le bas de la tige de commande 30, provoque le coulissement du contact mobile 28 vers le bas. En un premier temps le contact semi-fixe 24 abouté au contact mobile 28 suit ce dernier dans son mouvement sous l'action du ressort 36 jusqu'à la venue en butée du bord 40 sur le fond 16 qui immobilise le contact semi-fixe 24. Un mouvement poursuivi du contact mobile 28 provoque la séparation des contacts 24,28 et la formation d'un arc entre les contacts séparés. En un premier temps, la chambre d'extinction d'arc 20 est limitée à un compartiment 46 entouré par la collerette 38. Lors d'une coupure d'un courant de faible intensité, la montée en pression dans le compartiment 46 due à l'action de l'arc, est insuffisante pour refouler le piston 18 à l'encontre de la force du ressort 36. Le gaz comprimé dans le compartiment 46 s'échappe à travers les contacts tubulaires 24,28 vers l'enceinte 10 en soufflant l'arc tiré entre les contacts séparés 24,28. Le volume réduit de la chambre d'extinction d'arc 20 constitué par le compartiment 46 permet une augmentation en pression et un soufflage suffisant pour l'extinction de l'arc de faible intensité. (figure 2)In the closed position shown in FIG. 1, the contacts 24, 28 are abutted and the piston 18 is held by the contacts 24, 28 in an intermediate position in which the edge 40 is moved away from the bottom 16. The pressure is uniform in the whole of the enclosure 10. A command to open the circuit breaker by sliding down the control rod 30 causes the sliding of the movable contact 28 downwards. Initially the semi-fixed contact 24 abutted to the movable contact 28 follows the latter in its movement under the action of the spring 36 until the abutment of the edge 40 on the bottom 16 which immobilizes the semi-fixed contact 24 Continued movement of the movable contact 28 causes the contacts 24, 28 to separate and an arc to form between the separated contacts. Firstly, the arc extinguishing chamber 20 is limited to a compartment 46 surrounded by the flange 38. During a cut of a low intensity current, the rise in pressure in the compartment 46 due to the arc action is insufficient to push the piston 18 against the force of the spring 36. The compressed gas in the compartment 46 escapes through the tubular contacts 24,28 towards the enclosure 10 by blowing the arc drawn between the separate contacts 24,28. The reduced volume of the arc extinguishing chamber 20 constituted by the compartment 46 allows an increase in pressure and a sufficient blowing for the extinction of the arc of low intensity. (figure 2)

Lors d'une coupure d'un courant de forte intensité, notamment d'un courant de court-circuit, l'arc de forte intensité chauffe le gaz dans le compartiment 46, suffisamment pour déplacer le piston 18 en direction d'accroissement du volume de la chambre d'extinction d'arc 20. Dès la séparation du bord 40 du fond 16, l'ensemble du volume de la chambre d'extinction 20 est soumis à l'action de l'arc et, le piston 18 est refoulé vers une position de volume maximal de la chambre d'extinction 20, représentée à la figure 3. L'ouverture du clapet 44 permet le libre déplacement du piston 18 en autorisant en échappement du gaz contenu dans le volume de freinage 22 vers l'enceinte 10. Le grand volume de gaz stocké sous pression dans la chambre d'extinction d'arc 20 grâce au déplacement du piston 18, permet d'assurer un soufflage de l'arc ou plus exactement de la zone de séparation des contacts 24,28, après extinction de l'arc au passage au zéro du courant. Dès l'extraction de l'arc, la pression dans la chambre d'extinction 20 diminue et le piston 18, est refoulé par le ressort 36 en provoquant un soufflage des gaz à travers les contacts 24,28, pour amener des gaz frais dans la zone de séparation des contacts et empêcher tout réamorçage de l'arc. La vitesse de déplacement du piston 18 et de ce fait l'intensité de soufflage dépend de la force différentielle entre le ressort 36 et la pression régnant dans la chambre d'extinction d'arc 20, et cette vitesse de déplacement peut être modulée en limitant l'entrée de gaz dans le volume de freinage 22 à travers l'orifice limité 42. En choisissant une section de l'orifice limité 42 suffisamment faible, le soufflage peut être maintenu pendant une durée suffisante à la régénération de la rigidité diélectrique dans la zone de séparation des contacts. Le déplacement du piston 18 pendant la durée de persistance de l'arc entraîne le contact semi-fixe 24 vers une position d'écartement du contact mobile 28 qui favorise l'extinction de l'arc lors du passage au zéro du courant. Cet espacement diminue bien entendu avec le retour du piston 18 vers la position d'ouverture représentée à la figure 4, mais cette réduction intervient après extinction de l'arc et rétablissement de la rigidité diélectrique. L'effet combiné selon l'invention d'un stockage de gaz de soufflage et de séparation accrue des contacts favorise l'extinction des arcs de forte intensité, tandis que le volume réduit de la chambre d'extinction d'arc est favorable à la coupure des faibles courants. L'ensemble est particulièrement simple et l'adaptation à l'intensité du courant à couper est entièrement automatique. L'emploi d'un effet d'auto-soufflage par expansion permet un effort de commande extrèmement faible, toute l'énergie de soufflage et de stockage de gaz étant dérivée de l'énergie de l'arc.When a high current, especially a short-circuit current, is cut off, the high intensity arc heats the gas in the compartment 46, enough to move the piston 18 in the direction of increasing the volume. of the arc extinguishing chamber 20. As soon as the edge 40 is separated from the bottom 16, the entire volume of the extinguishing chamber 20 is subjected to the action of the arc and the piston 18 is driven back towards a position of maximum volume of the extinguishing chamber 20, represented in FIG. 3. The opening of the valve 44 allows the free movement of the piston 18 by allowing the gas contained in the braking volume 22 to escape towards the enclosure 10. The large volume of gas stored under pressure in the arc extinguishing chamber 20 thanks to the displacement of the piston 18, makes it possible to ensure a blowing of the arc or more exactly of the contact separation zone 24,28 , after extinction of the arc on zero current crossing. As soon as the arc is extracted, the pressure in the extinguishing chamber 20 decreases and the piston 18 is pushed back by the spring 36 causing a blowing of the gases through the contacts 24, 28, to bring fresh gases into the contact separation zone and prevent any re-ignition of the arc. The speed of movement of the piston 18 and therefore the blowing intensity depends on the differential force between the spring 36 and the pressure prevailing in the arc extinguishing chamber 20, and this speed of movement can be modulated by limiting the entry of gas into the braking volume 22 through the limited orifice 42. By choosing a sufficiently small section of the limited orifice 42, the blowing can be maintained for a sufficient time to regenerate the dielectric strength in the contact separation area. The displacement of the piston 18 during the period of persistence of the arc causes the semi-fixed contact 24 to a position of separation of the movable contact 28 which promotes the extinction of the arc during the passage of the current to zero. This spacing decreases of course with the return of the piston 18 to the open position shown in Figure 4, but this reduction occurs after extinction of the arc and restoration of rigidity dielectric. The combined effect according to the invention of blowing gas storage and increased contact separation promotes the extinction of high intensity arcs, while the reduced volume of the arc extinguishing chamber is favorable to the breaking of weak currents. The assembly is particularly simple and the adaptation to the intensity of the current to be cut is fully automatic. The use of an expansion self-blowing effect allows an extremely low control effort, all the blowing and gas storage energy being derived from the energy of the arc.

L'invention est bien entendu nullement limitée au mode de mise en oeuvre plus particulièrement décrit.The invention is of course in no way limited to the embodiment more particularly described.

Claims (9)

1. Disjoncteur électrique à auto-expansion comprenant:
- une enceinte (10) étanche remplie d'un gaz à rigidité diélectrique élevée,
- une chambre (20) d'extinction d'arc disposée à l'intérieur de ladite enceinte (10) et ayant un orifice de communication avec l'enceinte et une paroi agencée en piston (18), dont le déplacement provoque une variation du volume de la chambre d'extinction, ledit piston (18) étant sollicité en position de volume minimal de la chambre (20) d'extinction et se déplaçant sous l'action d'une augmentation de la pression dans la chambre d'extinction pour accroître le volume de cette dernière,
- une paire de contacts (24,28) disposée dans la chambre d'extinction d'arc , ledit orifice de communication étant obturé en position fermé de ladite paire de contacts et s'ouvrant lors de la séparation des contacts pour permettre un écoulement du gaz comprimé de soufflage de l'arc tiré entre les contacts de la chambre (20) d'extinction vers l'enceinte (10),
caractérisé en ce que lesdits contacts (24, 28) sont des contacts d'arc sur lesquels l'arc tiré lors de la séparation desdits contacts reste ancré jusqu'à son extinction et que l'un semi-­fixe (24) des contacts est solidaire dudit piston (18), de manière à accroître la distance de séparation des contacts (24,28) lorsque le piston (18) se déplace sous l'action de la pression dans la chambre d'extinction due à l'arc, tiré entre les contacts.1. Self-expanding electric circuit breaker comprising:
- a sealed enclosure (10) filled with a gas with high dielectric strength,
- an arc extinguishing chamber (20) disposed inside said enclosure (10) and having a communication orifice with the enclosure and a wall arranged in a piston (18), the displacement of which causes a variation in the volume of the extinguishing chamber, said piston (18) being urged into the position of minimum volume of the extinguishing chamber (20) and moving under the action of an increase in the pressure in the extinguishing chamber to increase the volume of the latter,
- a pair of contacts (24,28) disposed in the arc extinguishing chamber, said communication orifice being closed in the closed position of said pair of contacts and opening when the contacts are separated to allow flow of the compressed arc blowing gas drawn between the contacts of the extinguishing chamber (20) towards the enclosure (10),
characterized in that said contacts (24, 28) are arcing contacts on which the arc drawn during the separation of said contacts remains anchored until its extinction and that one semi-fixed (24) of the contacts is integral with said piston (18), so as to increase the separation distance of the contacts (24,28) when the piston (18) moves under the action of pressure in the extinguishing chamber due to the arc, pulled between contacts. 2. Disjoncteur selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que lesdits contacts (24,28) s'étendent dans l'axe de la chambre (20) d'extinction, l'un (28) étant mobile et l'autre semi-fixe (24), ce dernier contact étant solidaire dudit piston (18) mobile dans la direction dudit axe.2. Circuit breaker according to claim 1, characterized in that said contacts (24,28) extend in the axis of the extinguishing chamber (20), one (28) being movable and the other half fixed (24), the latter contact being integral with said piston (18) movable in the direction of said axis. 3. Disjoncteur selon la revendication 1 ou 2, caractérisé en ce qu'en position fermé des contacts (24,28), les contacts sont aboutés et maintiennent le piston (18) en une position intermédiaire pour permettre un déplacement du piston vers la position de volume minimal en accompagnant le contact mobile (28) dans sa course initiale d'ouverture et une précompression du gaz contenu dans la chambre (20) d'extinction.3. Circuit breaker according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that in the closed position of the contacts (24,28), the contacts are butted and hold the piston (18) in an intermediate position to allow movement of the piston towards the position of minimal volume by accompanying the movable contact (28) in its initial opening stroke and precompression of the gas contained in the extinguishing chamber (20). 4. Disjoncteur selon la revendication 1,2 ou 3, caractérisé en ce qu'au moins l'un desdits contacts (24,28) est tubulaire et constitue ledit orifice de communication entre la chambre (20) d'extinction et l'enceinte (10), obturé en position d'aboutement des contacts et ouvert lors d'une séparation des contacts.4. Circuit breaker according to claim 1,2 or 3, characterized in that at least one of said contacts (24,28) is tubular and constitutes said communication orifice between the extinguishing chamber (20) and the enclosure (10), closed in the contact abutment position and open when the contacts are separated. 5. Disjoncteur selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce qu'un ressort (36) sollicite le piston (18) dans ladite position de volume minimal et que ce ressort fournit la pression de contact.5. Circuit breaker according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a spring (36) biases the piston (18) in said position of minimum volume and that this spring supplies the contact pressure. 6. Disjoncteur selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce qu'en ladite position de volume minimal la chambre (20) d'extinction est subdivisée en deux compartiments, lesquels sont mis en communication par le déplacement du piston sous l'action de la pression.6. Circuit breaker according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that in said position of minimum volume the extinguishing chamber (20) is subdivided into two compartments, which are brought into communication by the movement of the piston under the pressure action. 7. Disjoncteur selon la revendication 6, caractérisé en ce que le piston (18) porte coaxialement en sa partie centrale le contact semi-fixe (24) et circonférentiellement autour de ce contact semi-fixe une collerette (38) cylindrique formant d'une part, une butée de limitation de la course du piston dans ladite position de volume minimal et, d'autre part une cloison de séparation desdits deux compartiments.7. Circuit breaker according to claim 6, characterized in that the piston (18) coaxially carries in its central part the semi-fixed contact (24) and circumferentially around this semi-fixed contact a cylindrical collar (38) forming a firstly, a stop for limiting the stroke of the piston in said position of minimum volume and, secondly, a partition separating said two compartments. 8. Disjoncteur selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce qu'il comporte un dispositif (42) de freinage du déplacement du piston (18) en direction de la position de volume minimal pour étaler le pistonnage de gaz sur une plus longue durée.8. Circuit breaker according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it comprises a device (42) braking movement of the piston (18) towards the minimum volume position to spread the piston gas over a longer period. 9. Disjoncteur selon la revendication 8, caractérisé en ce que ledit dispositif de freînage comporte un espace (22) délimité par ledit piston (18) et ayant un orifice (42) de passage de gaz de section réduite et un clapet (44) de shuntage dudit orifice dans le sens de déplacement du piston vers la position de volume maximal.9. Circuit breaker according to claim 8, characterized in that said braking device comprises a space (22) delimited by said piston (18) and having an orifice (42) for passage of gas of reduced cross section and a valve (44) of shunting said orifice in the direction of displacement of the piston towards the position of maximum volume.
EP88402692A 1987-11-04 1988-10-26 Electrical self blast circuit breaker with variable extinguishing chamber volume Ceased EP0315505A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR8715467A FR2622737B1 (en) 1987-11-04 1987-11-04 SELF-EXPANSIONAL ELECTRIC CIRCUIT BREAKER WITH VARIABLE EXTINCTION CHAMBER VOLUME
FR8715467 1987-11-04

Publications (1)

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EP0315505A1 true EP0315505A1 (en) 1989-05-10

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EP88402692A Ceased EP0315505A1 (en) 1987-11-04 1988-10-26 Electrical self blast circuit breaker with variable extinguishing chamber volume

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US (1) US4950855A (en)
EP (1) EP0315505A1 (en)
JP (1) JPH01258331A (en)
FR (1) FR2622737B1 (en)

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GB1593994A (en) * 1978-05-18 1981-07-22 Aei Electric circuit breakers
DE3024640A1 (en) * 1980-01-25 1981-08-06 Sprecher & Schuh AG, 5001 Aarau, Aargau EXHAUST GAS SWITCH
EP0041081A1 (en) * 1980-06-02 1981-12-09 BBC Aktiengesellschaft Brown, Boveri & Cie. Electric self blast switch
US4327263A (en) * 1980-06-17 1982-04-27 Mitsubishi Denke Kabushiki Kaisha Switching device

Cited By (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2646960A1 (en) * 1989-05-11 1990-11-16 Alsthom Gec AVERAGE VOLTAGE CIRCUIT BREAKER WITH AUTOSOUFFLAGE
EP0398116A1 (en) * 1989-05-11 1990-11-22 Gec Alsthom Sa Medium high voltage self-blowing circuit breaker
FR2651065A1 (en) * 1989-08-18 1991-02-22 Alsthom Gec AVERAGE VOLTAGE CIRCUIT BREAKER WITH AUTOSOUFFLAGE
EP0415098A1 (en) * 1989-08-18 1991-03-06 Gec Alsthom Sa Self-blast circuit breaker for medium voltage
US5179257A (en) * 1989-08-18 1993-01-12 Gec Alsthom Sa Medium-voltage gas circuit-breaker
FR2657998A1 (en) * 1990-02-07 1991-08-09 Alsthom Gec SELF - BLOWING MEDIUM OR HIGH VOLTAGE CIRCUIT BREAKER.
EP0441292A1 (en) * 1990-02-07 1991-08-14 Gec Alsthom Sa Medium high voltage self-blowing circuit breaker
US5126516A (en) * 1990-02-07 1992-06-30 Gec Alsthom Sa Puffer-type medium or high tension circuit breaker
EP0458236A1 (en) * 1990-05-23 1991-11-27 Gec Alsthom Sa Medium high voltage circuit breaker
FR2662540A1 (en) * 1990-05-23 1991-11-29 Alsthom Gec MEDIUM VOLTAGE CIRCUIT BREAKER.
US5155313A (en) * 1990-05-23 1992-10-13 Gec Alsthom Sa Medium tension circuit-breaker

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JPH01258331A (en) 1989-10-16
FR2622737B1 (en) 1995-04-14
US4950855A (en) 1990-08-21
FR2622737A1 (en) 1989-05-05

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