EP0458236A1 - Medium high voltage circuit breaker - Google Patents

Medium high voltage circuit breaker Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0458236A1
EP0458236A1 EP91108128A EP91108128A EP0458236A1 EP 0458236 A1 EP0458236 A1 EP 0458236A1 EP 91108128 A EP91108128 A EP 91108128A EP 91108128 A EP91108128 A EP 91108128A EP 0458236 A1 EP0458236 A1 EP 0458236A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
volume
circuit breaker
contact
piston
semi
Prior art date
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Granted
Application number
EP91108128A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0458236B1 (en
Inventor
Denis Dufournet
Michel Perret
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Alstom Holdings SA
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GEC Alsthom SA
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Publication of EP0458236A1 publication Critical patent/EP0458236A1/en
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H33/00—High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
    • H01H33/70—Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid
    • H01H33/88—Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid the flow of arc-extinguishing fluid being produced or increased by movement of pistons or other pressure-producing parts
    • H01H33/90—Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid the flow of arc-extinguishing fluid being produced or increased by movement of pistons or other pressure-producing parts this movement being effected by or in conjunction with the contact-operating mechanism
    • H01H33/901—Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid the flow of arc-extinguishing fluid being produced or increased by movement of pistons or other pressure-producing parts this movement being effected by or in conjunction with the contact-operating mechanism making use of the energy of the arc or an auxiliary arc

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a medium voltage circuit breaker in which the electrical insulation is ensured by a gas with good dielectric properties, such as sulfur hexafluoride, (SF6).
  • a gas with good dielectric properties such as sulfur hexafluoride, (SF6).
  • Thermal volume Medium voltage circuit breakers are known in which there is a thermal expansion volume (abbreviated as thermal volume) whose gas, heated by the arc which develops at the separation of the arcing contacts, expands as it passes zero current and blows the arc.
  • the displacement of the piston is more or less important, so that the thermal volume is more or less large.
  • Such a device has a drawback.
  • An object of the present invention is to provide a medium voltage circuit breaker which does not have this drawback.
  • Another object of the invention is to provide a circuit breaker in which, for cutting the currents of high intensity, a double blowing is carried out, that is to say a blowing on each of the roots of the arc.
  • Another object of the invention is to provide a circuit breaker in which the thermal expansion of the gas is limited, so as to reduce the risks of failure to cut.
  • the medium-voltage circuit breaker of the invention which comprises a sealed insulating envelope filled with a gas having good dielectric properties, a semi-fixed arcing contact electrically connected to a first socket and a movable contact connected to an operating mechanism and electrically connected to a second socket, characterized in that the semi-fixed arcing contact is linked to a piston which can move in a blowing volume delimited in particular by the inner wall d an insulating cylinder inside said casing and a first face of a blowing nozzle, said piston being pushed by a spring kept bandaged when the circuit breaker is in the engaged position, said circuit breaker comprising a volume of thermal expansion delimited in particular by the wall inside of said cylinder a second face of the nozzle and a transverse partition through which slides the movable contact, m oyens being provided so that, during a high current cut, the piston cannot, after having performed its stroke in the direction of compression of the blowing volume, move in the other direction.
  • the means so that the piston cannot move in the other direction are constituted by a passage section (se) between the neck of the nozzle and the blowing volume less than the total section of the other passages offered to the gas escaping from the thermal expansion volume.
  • the semi-mobile contact is a tubular contact putting the blowing volume into communication with the volume located at the rear of the piston.
  • the semi-mobile contact is a solid rod.
  • the movable contact is a tubular contact.
  • the movable contact has at least one bore placed so as to allow communication between the end of this contact on the nozzle side and the interior of the thermal expansion volume, during part of the stroke of this contact during a circuit breaker tripping operation.
  • the insulating cylinder includes holes to allow communication between the volume located at the rear of the piston and the volume between said cylinder and said casing.
  • the reference 1 designates a sealed envelope of insulating material, filled with a gas with good dielectric properties such as sulfur hexafluoride, under a pressure of 1 to a few bars absolute.
  • the envelope is closed at its upper part by a plate metallic 2 extended to form a first circuit breaker socket.
  • This socket is electrically connected by a flexible metal braid 18 to a metal piston 4 carrying a metal tubular contact 3, the end 3A of which is made of an alloy resistant to the effects of the electric arc, for example based on tungsten.
  • This contact 3 is designated in the following by semi-mobile contact.
  • the piston can slide in a cylindrical volume delimited by an insulating cylinder 8 extending, inside the envelope, coaxially with the latter, and constituting a wall of the breaking chamber.
  • the piston is moved under the action of a powerful spring 9 which is supported on the plate 2.
  • the piston is provided with a one-way valve 5 which lets the gas pass only in the direction going from the volume V3, spring side , to the blowing volume V1 which will be defined later. This valve opens when the circuit breaker is closed and prevents compression of the gas in volume V3.
  • the blowing volume V1 is delimited by the piston 4, the inner wall of the cylinder 8 and a face 7A of an insulating nozzle 7 having a neck 7C.
  • the movable contact of the circuit breaker consists of a metal tube 10 terminated at a first end by an end piece of material resistant to the effects of the arc and connected by a second end to an operating rod 13 made of insulating material.
  • This rod is conventionally connected to an operating mechanism.
  • the tubular contact 10 crosses the neck of the nozzle with gentle friction when the circuit breaker is in the on position, as shown in FIG. 1.
  • a thermal expansion volume V2 is constituted by the interior wall of the cylinder 8, the second face 7B of the nozzle 7 and a metal transverse partitions 11, extended outside the casing 1 to constitute the second outlet of the circuit breaker.
  • a sliding electrical contact 12 ensures the electrical connection between the tube 10 and the socket 11.
  • the tube 10 is preferably guided by a metal partition or transverse insulator 15 provided with large openings 16 for the passage of gas.
  • An insulating part 7D allows better guidance of the gas threads; it can be attached and fixed to the partition 16 or be an integral part of the nozzle.
  • the cut is made by autopneumatic blowing of the arc near the semi-mobile contact 3 by expansion of the gas of the blowing volume V1.
  • the pressure in the volume V1 mainly results from the compression of the piston 4 and for a very small part from the heating of the gas by the arc.
  • the force of the spring 9 always remains greater than the opposing force due to the overpressure; consequently, the piston 4 does not go up during the triggering.
  • the gas supply to volume V3, located behind the piston is ensured by the openings 20 and also by the fact that the semi-mobile contact is a tube. This avoids a depression behind the piston which would lead to additional consumption of operating energy.
  • FIG. 3 shows a variant in which the semi-mobile contact is a solid rod 30. This arrangement allows a simpler construction while giving the circuit breaker practically the same breaking qualities.
  • FIGS. 4 and 5 illustrate an alternative embodiment in which holes 40 are made in the tubular movable contact 10.
  • the invention applies to the construction of medium-voltage circuit breakers, for example up to 45kV.

Landscapes

  • Circuit Breakers (AREA)
  • Electrical Discharge Machining, Electrochemical Machining, And Combined Machining (AREA)
  • Emergency Protection Circuit Devices (AREA)
  • Switches That Are Operated By Magnetic Or Electric Fields (AREA)
  • Seal Device For Vehicle (AREA)
  • Electrophonic Musical Instruments (AREA)
  • Driving Mechanisms And Operating Circuits Of Arc-Extinguishing High-Tension Switches (AREA)
  • Superconductors And Manufacturing Methods Therefor (AREA)

Abstract

Medium-voltage circuit-breaker comprising a leaktight insulating envelope (1) filled with a gas with good dielectric properties, a semi-fixed arc contact (3) connected electrically to a first current intake (2) and a moving contact (10) connected to an operating mechanism and connected up electrically to a second current intake (11), characterised in that the semi-fixed arc contact (3) is linked to a piston (4) which can move in a blast volume (VI) delimited in particular by the inner wall of an insulating cylinder (8) inside the said envelope and a first face (7A) of a blast nozzle (7), the said piston being thrust by a spring (9) kept taut when the circuit-breaker is in the engaged position, the said circuit-breaker comprising a thermal expansion volume (V2) delimited in particular by the inner wall of the said insulating cylinder (8), a second face (7B) of the nozzle and a transverse partition (11) through which the moving contact (10) slides, means being provided so that when a high-intensity current is cut, the piston (4), after having accomplished its travel in the direction of compression of the blast volume (V1), cannot move in the opposite direction. <IMAGE>

Description

La présente invention concerne un disjoncteur à moyenne tension dans lequel l'isolation électrique est assurée par un gaz à bonnes propriétés diélectriques, tel que l'hexafluorure de soufre, (SF6).The present invention relates to a medium voltage circuit breaker in which the electrical insulation is ensured by a gas with good dielectric properties, such as sulfur hexafluoride, (SF6).

On connaît des disjoncteurs à moyenne tension dans lequel on trouve un volume d'expansion thermique (en abrégé : volume thermique) dont le gaz, échauffé par l'arc qui se développe à la séparation des contacts d'arc, se détend au passage par zéro du courant et vient souffler l'arc.Medium voltage circuit breakers are known in which there is a thermal expansion volume (abbreviated as thermal volume) whose gas, heated by the arc which develops at the separation of the arcing contacts, expands as it passes zero current and blows the arc.

On connaît les difficultés rencontrées pour réaliser un tel appareil :

  • lors de la coupure des courants de faible intensité (par exemple de valeur inférieure ou égale à la valeur de l'intensité nominale du courant dans la ligne ou l'installation où est inséré le disjoncteur), la montée en pression peut être insuffisante ou trop importante, selon les dimensions du volume thermique. Si le volume thermique est important, la montée en pression est faible et le soufflage peut être insuffisant. Si le volume thermique est faible, la montée en pression est importante, mais la durée de soufflage peut être insuffisante pour une bonne efficacité.
  • lors de la coupure des courants de forte intensité (courants de court-circuit par exemple), la montée en pression et l'échauffement du gaz ne doivent pas être trop importants, ce qui pourrait entraîner un échec de la coupure.
We know the difficulties encountered in making such an apparatus:
  • when cutting low intensity currents (for example of value less than or equal to the value of the nominal current intensity in the line or installation where the circuit breaker is inserted), the pressure build-up may be insufficient or too much important, depending on the dimensions of the thermal volume. If the thermal volume is large, the pressure build-up is low and the blowing may be insufficient. If the thermal volume is low, the pressure rise is significant, but the blowing time may be insufficient for good efficiency.
  • during the breaking of high intensity currents (short-circuit currents for example), the pressure rise and the heating of the gas must not be too great, which could lead to failure of the breaking.

Pour résoudre ce problème, il a été proposé, notamment par le document EP-A-0315505, de prévoir une chambre de coupure, servant de volume thermique, à volume variable selon l'intensité du courant à couper.To solve this problem, it has been proposed, in particular by document EP-A-0315505, to provide a breaking chamber, serving as thermal volume, with variable volume according to the intensity of the current to be cut.

Ceci est obtenu en remplaçant le contact d'arc fixe qu'on trouve habituellement dans les disjoncteurs, par un contact semi-fixe lié à un piston repoussé par un ressort antagoniste.This is obtained by replacing the fixed arcing contact usually found in circuit breakers, by a semi-fixed contact linked to a piston pushed back by an antagonistic spring.

Selon l'intensité du courant à couper, le déplacement du piston est plus ou moins important, de sorte que le volume thermique est plus ou moins grand.Depending on the intensity of the current to be cut, the displacement of the piston is more or less important, so that the thermal volume is more or less large.

Un tel appareil présente un inconvénient.Such a device has a drawback.

Lors de la coupure des courants de forte intensité, la remontée complète et rapide du contact semi-fixe que le ressort est incapable de limiter, produit un allongement exagéré de l'arc, ce qui a pour effet de provoquer un échauffement trop important du gaz avec risque d'échec de la coupure et pollution importante du gaz d'isolement pouvant entraîner l'échec des coupures ultérieures.When cutting high intensity currents, the complete and rapid rise of the semi-fixed contact that the spring is unable to limit, produces an exaggerated elongation of the arc, which has the effect of causing excessive heating of the gas. with risk of failure of the cut and significant pollution of the insulating gas which can lead to the failure of subsequent cuts.

Un but de la présente invention est de réaliser un disjoncteur à moyenne tension ne présentant pas cet inconvénient.An object of the present invention is to provide a medium voltage circuit breaker which does not have this drawback.

Un autre but de l'invention est de réaliser un disjoncteur dans lequel, pour la coupure des courants de grande intensité, un double soufflage est effectué, c'est-à-dire un soufflage sur chacune des racines de l'arc.Another object of the invention is to provide a circuit breaker in which, for cutting the currents of high intensity, a double blowing is carried out, that is to say a blowing on each of the roots of the arc.

Un autre but de l'invention est de réaliser un disjoncteur dans lequel l'expansion thermique du gaz est limitée, de manière à diminuer les risques d'échec de coupure.Another object of the invention is to provide a circuit breaker in which the thermal expansion of the gas is limited, so as to reduce the risks of failure to cut.

Tous ces buts sont atteints par le disjoncteur à moyenne tension de l'invention, qui comprend une enveloppe isolante étanche remplie d'un gaz à bonnes propriétés diélectriques, un contact d'arc semi-fixe connecté électriquement à une première prise de courant et un contact mobile relié à un mécanisme de manoeuvre et connecté électriquement à une seconde prise de courant, caractérisé en ce que le contact d'arc semi-fixe est lié à un piston pouvant se déplacer dans un volume de soufflage délimité notamment par la paroi intérieure d'un cylindre isolant intérieur à ladite enveloppe et une première face d'une buse de soufflage, ledit piston étant poussé par un ressort maintenu bandé lorsque le disjoncteur est en position enclenchée, ledit disjoncteur comprenant un volume d'expansion thermique délimité notamment par la paroi intérieure dudit cylindre une seconde face de la buse et une cloison transversale à travers laquelle coulisse le contact mobile, des moyens étant prévu pour que lors d'une coupure de courant de forte intensité, le piston ne puisse, après avoir effectuer sa course dans le sens de la compression du volume de soufflage, se déplacer dans l'autre sens.All of these aims are achieved by the medium-voltage circuit breaker of the invention, which comprises a sealed insulating envelope filled with a gas having good dielectric properties, a semi-fixed arcing contact electrically connected to a first socket and a movable contact connected to an operating mechanism and electrically connected to a second socket, characterized in that the semi-fixed arcing contact is linked to a piston which can move in a blowing volume delimited in particular by the inner wall d an insulating cylinder inside said casing and a first face of a blowing nozzle, said piston being pushed by a spring kept bandaged when the circuit breaker is in the engaged position, said circuit breaker comprising a volume of thermal expansion delimited in particular by the wall inside of said cylinder a second face of the nozzle and a transverse partition through which slides the movable contact, m oyens being provided so that, during a high current cut, the piston cannot, after having performed its stroke in the direction of compression of the blowing volume, move in the other direction.

Dans un mode particulier de réalisation, les moyens pour que le piston ne puisse se déplacer dans l'autre sens, sont constitués par une section de passage (se) entre le col de la buse et le volume de soufflage inférieure à la section totale des autres passages offerts au gaz s'échappant du volume d'expansion thermique.In a particular embodiment, the means so that the piston cannot move in the other direction, are constituted by a passage section (se) between the neck of the nozzle and the blowing volume less than the total section of the other passages offered to the gas escaping from the thermal expansion volume.

Dans un premier mode de réalisation, le contact semi-mobile est un contact tubulaire mettant en communication le volume de soufflage et le volume situé à l'arrière du piston.In a first embodiment, the semi-mobile contact is a tubular contact putting the blowing volume into communication with the volume located at the rear of the piston.

En variante, le contact semi-mobile est une tige pleine.As a variant, the semi-mobile contact is a solid rod.

Dans un mode particulier de réalisation, le contact mobile est un contact tubulaire.In a particular embodiment, the movable contact is a tubular contact.

Avantageusement, le contact mobile possède au moins un perçage placé de manière à permettre la communication entre l'extrémité de ce contact côté buse et l'intérieur du volume d'expansion thermique, pendant une partie de la course de ce contact lors d'une manoeuvre de déclenchement du disjoncteur.Advantageously, the movable contact has at least one bore placed so as to allow communication between the end of this contact on the nozzle side and the interior of the thermal expansion volume, during part of the stroke of this contact during a circuit breaker tripping operation.

Le cylindre isolant comprend des trous pour permettre une communication entre le volume situé à l'arrière du piston et le volume compris entre ledit cylindre et ladite enveloppe.The insulating cylinder includes holes to allow communication between the volume located at the rear of the piston and the volume between said cylinder and said casing.

L'invention sera bien comprise par la description donnée ci-après d'un mode de réalisation de l'invention, en référence au dessin annexé, dans lequel

  • la figure 1 est une vue partielle schématique en coupe axiale d'un disjoncteur selon l'invention, représenté en position enclenchée,
  • la figure 2 est une vue partielle schématique en coupe axiale du même disjoncteur, représenté en position déclenchée,
  • la figure 3 illustre une variante de réalisation du contact semi-mobile,
  • les figures 4 et 5 représentent partiellement en coupe axiale le disjoncteur, dans lequel le contact mobile est muni de trous, respectivement au début de la séparation des contacts et à un instant ultérieur.
The invention will be better understood from the description given below of an embodiment of the invention, with reference to the appended drawing, in which
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic partial view in axial section of a circuit breaker according to the invention, shown in the engaged position,
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic partial view in axial section of the same circuit breaker, shown in the tripped position,
  • FIG. 3 illustrates an alternative embodiment of the semi-mobile contact,
  • Figures 4 and 5 partially show in axial section the circuit breaker, in which the movable contact is provided with holes, respectively at the start of the separation of the contacts and at a later time.

Dans les figures, la référence 1 désigne une enveloppe étanche en matériau isolant, remplie d'un gaz à bonnes propriétés diélectriques tel que l'hexafluorure de soufre, sous une pression de 1 à quelques bars absolus.In the figures, the reference 1 designates a sealed envelope of insulating material, filled with a gas with good dielectric properties such as sulfur hexafluoride, under a pressure of 1 to a few bars absolute.

L'enveloppe est fermée à sa partie supérieure par une plaque métallique 2 prolongée pour constituer une première prise de courant du disjoncteur.The envelope is closed at its upper part by a plate metallic 2 extended to form a first circuit breaker socket.

Cette prise est électriquement reliée par une tresse métallique souple 18 à un piston métallique 4 portant un contact tubulaire métallique 3, dont l'extrémité 3A est réalisée en un alliage résistant aux effets de l'arc électrique, par exemple à base de tungstène. Ce contact 3 est désigné dans la suite par contact semi-mobile. Le piston peut coulisser dans un volume cylindrique délimité par un cylindre isolant 8 s'étendant, à l'intérieur de l'enveloppe, coaxialement à celle-ci, et constituant une paroi de la chambre de coupure. Le piston est déplacé sous l'action d'un puissant ressort 9 qui s'appuie sur la plaque 2. Le piston est muni d'une valve unidirectionnelle 5 qui ne laisse passer le gaz que dans le sens allant du volume V3, côté ressort, au volume de soufflage V1 qui va être défini plus loin. Cette valve s'ouvre lors de la refermeture du disjoncteur et permet d'éviter la compression du gaz du volume V3.This socket is electrically connected by a flexible metal braid 18 to a metal piston 4 carrying a metal tubular contact 3, the end 3A of which is made of an alloy resistant to the effects of the electric arc, for example based on tungsten. This contact 3 is designated in the following by semi-mobile contact. The piston can slide in a cylindrical volume delimited by an insulating cylinder 8 extending, inside the envelope, coaxially with the latter, and constituting a wall of the breaking chamber. The piston is moved under the action of a powerful spring 9 which is supported on the plate 2. The piston is provided with a one-way valve 5 which lets the gas pass only in the direction going from the volume V3, spring side , to the blowing volume V1 which will be defined later. This valve opens when the circuit breaker is closed and prevents compression of the gas in volume V3.

Le volume de soufflage V1 est délimité par le piston 4, la paroi intérieure du cylindre 8 et une face 7A d'une buse isolante 7 ayant un col 7C.The blowing volume V1 is delimited by the piston 4, the inner wall of the cylinder 8 and a face 7A of an insulating nozzle 7 having a neck 7C.

Le contact mobile du disjoncteur est constitué d'un tube métallique 10 terminé à une première extrémité par un embout en matériau résistant aux effets de l'arc et relié par une seconde extrémité à une tringle de manoeuvre 13 en matériau isolant.The movable contact of the circuit breaker consists of a metal tube 10 terminated at a first end by an end piece of material resistant to the effects of the arc and connected by a second end to an operating rod 13 made of insulating material.

Cette tringle est relié classiquement à un mécanisme de manoeuvre.This rod is conventionally connected to an operating mechanism.

Le contact tubulaire 10 traverse à frottement doux le col de la buse lorsque le disjoncteur est en position enclenchée, comme le montre la figure 1.The tubular contact 10 crosses the neck of the nozzle with gentle friction when the circuit breaker is in the on position, as shown in FIG. 1.

Un volume d'expansion thermique V2 est constitué par la paroi intérieure du cylindre 8, la seconde face 7B de la buse 7 et une cloisons transversale métallique 11, prolongée à l'extérieur de l'enveloppe 1 pour constituer la seconde prise de courant du disjoncteur. Un contact électrique glissant 12 permet d'assurer la liaison électrique entre le tube 10 et la prise 11.A thermal expansion volume V2 is constituted by the interior wall of the cylinder 8, the second face 7B of the nozzle 7 and a metal transverse partitions 11, extended outside the casing 1 to constitute the second outlet of the circuit breaker. A sliding electrical contact 12 ensures the electrical connection between the tube 10 and the socket 11.

Le tube 10 est de préférence guidé par une cloison métallique ou isolante transversale 15 munie de larges ouvertures 16 pour le passage du gaz. Une pièce isolante 7D permet un meilleur guidage des filets de gaz ; elle peut être rapportée et fixée à la cloison 16 ou faire partie intégrante de la buse.The tube 10 is preferably guided by a metal partition or transverse insulator 15 provided with large openings 16 for the passage of gas. An insulating part 7D allows better guidance of the gas threads; it can be attached and fixed to the partition 16 or be an integral part of the nozzle.

Le fonctionnement du disjoncteur est le suivant :

  • en position enclenchée (Fig. 1), le ressort 9 est bandé, les tubes 3 et 10 sont en contact, le volume V1 est maximal et le courant passe par la prise 2, la tresse 18, le piston 4, les tubes 3 et 10, les contacts 12 et la prise 11.
  • au déclenchement, la tringle 13 est entraînée par le mécanisme de manoeuvre vers le bas de la figure. Le ressort 9 pousse le piston 4 qui comprime le piston 4 qui comprime le gaz du volume V1, ce volume étant clos car le tube 10 obstrue le col de la buse. Lorsque le ressort a terminé sa détente (ou, en variante non représentée, lorsque le piston 4 atteint une butée), les contacts 3 et 10 se séparent, le contact 3 s'arrêtant avec le piston 4 et le contact 10 poursuivant sa course. Un arc 25 jaillit alors entre les embouts 3A et 10A. Il faut distinguer alors selon l'intensité du courant à couper.
The circuit breaker works as follows:
  • in the engaged position (Fig. 1), the spring 9 is bandaged, the tubes 3 and 10 are in contact, the volume V1 is maximum and the current flows through the socket 2, the braid 18, the piston 4, the tubes 3 and 10, contacts 12 and socket 11.
  • when triggered, the rod 13 is driven by the operating mechanism towards the bottom of the figure. The spring 9 pushes the piston 4 which compresses the piston 4 which compresses the gas of the volume V1, this volume being closed because the tube 10 obstructs the neck of the nozzle. When the spring has finished relaxing (or, in a variant not shown, when the piston 4 reaches a stop), the contacts 3 and 10 separate, the contact 3 stopping with the piston 4 and the contact 10 continuing its travel. An arc 25 then flows between the end pieces 3A and 10A. A distinction must then be made according to the intensity of the current to be cut.

Coupure des courants de faible intensitéInterruption of low intensity currents

Il s'agit des courants d'intensité inférieure ou égale à l'intensité nominale.These are currents of intensity less than or equal to the nominal current.

La coupure se fait par soufflage autopneumatique de l'arc près du contact semi-mobile 3 par détente du gaz du volume de soufflage V1.The cut is made by autopneumatic blowing of the arc near the semi-mobile contact 3 by expansion of the gas of the blowing volume V1.

La montée en pression dans le volume V2 est négligeable.The increase in pressure in volume V2 is negligible.

Coupure des courants de forte intensitéCut of high intensity currents

Il s'agit des courants de court-circuit.These are short-circuit currents.

A la séparation des contacts, l'arc 25, dont l'énergie est importante, transmet une partie de cette énergie au gaz du volume d'expansion thermique V2. Cette transmission est facilitée par la dimension importante de la section s2 d'accès au volume V2. Il en résulte une surpression dans le volume V2. Au passage par zéro du courant, cette surpression s'évacue par les orifices 16 (section s2) et par l'intérieur des tubes 10 (section s3) et 3 (section s4), provoquant le soufflage de l'arc.When the contacts are separated, the arc 25, whose energy is high, transmits part of this energy to the gas of the thermal expansion volume V2. This transmission is facilitated by the large dimension of the section s2 of access to the volume V2. This results in an overpressure in volume V2. When the current crosses zero, this overpressure is evacuated through the orifices 16 (section s2) and through the interior of the tubes 10 (section s3) and 3 (section s4), causing the arc to blow.

Comme la section se du passage entre l'extrémité du tube 3 et la buse 7 (accès au volume V1) est très inférieure à la section s2, la pression dans le volume V1 résulte surtout de la compression du piston 4 et pour une part très faible de l'échauffement du gaz par l'arc. Il en résulte que l'effort du ressort 9 reste toujours supérieur à l'effort antagoniste dû à la surpression ; par suite, le piston 4 ne remonte pas pendant le déclenchement.As the section se of the passage between the end of the tube 3 and the nozzle 7 (access to the volume V1) is much less than the section s2, the pressure in the volume V1 mainly results from the compression of the piston 4 and for a very small part from the heating of the gas by the arc. As a result, the force of the spring 9 always remains greater than the opposing force due to the overpressure; consequently, the piston 4 does not go up during the triggering.

Grâce aux dispositions constructives qui viennent d'être décrites, un double soufflage, c'est-à-dire un soufflage sur chacune des racines de l'arc, est exercé lors de la coupure des courants de forte intensité. Ceci est une garantie d'une bonne extinction de l'arc.Thanks to the constructive arrangements which have just been described, a double blowing, that is to say a blowing on each of the roots of the arc, is exerted during the breaking of the high intensity currents. This is a guarantee of a good extinction of the arc.

Pendant le déclenchement, l'alimentation en gaz du volume V3, situé derrière le piston, est assuré grâce aux ouvertures 20 et également grâce au fait que le contact semi-mobile est un tube. On évite ainsi une dépression derrière le piston qui entraînerait une consommation d'énergie de manoeuvre supplémentaire.During triggering, the gas supply to volume V3, located behind the piston, is ensured by the openings 20 and also by the fact that the semi-mobile contact is a tube. This avoids a depression behind the piston which would lead to additional consumption of operating energy.

Au cours de la refermeture du disjoncteur, du gaz frais passe du volume V3 au volume V1, ce qui permet une régénération rapide des qualités diélectriques du gaz du volume de soufflage V1.During the reclosing of the circuit breaker, fresh gas passes from volume V3 to volume V1, which allows rapid regeneration of the dielectric qualities of the gas from the blowing volume V1.

La figure 3 montre une variante dans laquelle le contact semi-mobile est une tige pleine 30. Cette disposition permet une construction plus simple tout en conférant au disjoncteur pratiquement les mêmes qualités de coupure.FIG. 3 shows a variant in which the semi-mobile contact is a solid rod 30. This arrangement allows a simpler construction while giving the circuit breaker practically the same breaking qualities.

Les figures 4 et 5 illustrent une variante de réalisation dans laquelle des trous 40 sont pratiqués dans le contact mobile tubulaire 10.FIGS. 4 and 5 illustrate an alternative embodiment in which holes 40 are made in the tubular movable contact 10.

Immédiatement après la séparation des contacts (Fig.4), le gaz échauffé par l'arc traverse le tube et, passant par les trous 40, commence à préchauffer le gaz du volume d'expansion thermique V2.Immediately after the separation of the contacts (Fig. 4), the gas heated by the arc crosses the tube and, passing through the holes 40, begins to preheat the gas of the thermal expansion volume V2.

Ultérieurement, et après un certain déplacement du tube, les trous se trouvent obturés par un manchon 41, permettant une expansion ultérieure du gaz par les seuls trous 16.Subsequently, and after a certain displacement of the tube, the holes are closed by a sleeve 41, allowing subsequent expansion of the gas by the only holes 16.

Cette disposition permet d'accroître encore l'efficacité de l'expansion du gaz du volume V2.This arrangement further increases the efficiency of gas expansion of volume V2.

L'invention s'applique à la construction de disjoncteurs à moyenne tension, par exemple jusqu'à 45kV.The invention applies to the construction of medium-voltage circuit breakers, for example up to 45kV.

Claims (7)

Disjoncteur à moyenne tension comprenant une enveloppe isolante étanche (1) remplie d'un gaz à bonnes propriétés diélectriques, un contact d'arc semi-fixe (3) connecté électriquement à une première prise de courant (2) et un contact mobile (10) relié à un mécanisme de manoeuvre et connecté électriquement à une seconde prise de courant (11), caractérisé en ce que le contact d'arc semi-fixe (3) est lié à un piston (4) pouvant se déplacer dans un volume de soufflage (V1) délimité notamment par la paroi intérieure d'un cylindre isolant (8) intérieur à ladite enveloppe (1) et une première face (7A) d'une buse de soufflage (7), ledit piston étant poussé par un ressort (9) maintenu bandé lorsque le disjoncteur est en position enclenchée, ledit disjoncteur comprenant un volume d'expansion thermique (V2) délimité notamment par la paroi intérieure dudit cylindre (8), une seconde face (7B) de la buse et une cloison transversale (11) à travers laquelle coulisse le contact mobile (10), des moyens étant prévu pour que lors d'une coupure de courant de forte intensité, le piston (4) ne puisse, après avoir effectué sa course dans le sens de la compression du volume de soufflage (V1), se déplacer dans l'autre sens.Medium-voltage circuit breaker comprising a sealed insulating envelope (1) filled with a gas having good dielectric properties, a semi-fixed arcing contact (3) electrically connected to a first socket (2) and a movable contact (10 ) connected to an operating mechanism and electrically connected to a second socket (11), characterized in that the semi-fixed arcing contact (3) is linked to a piston (4) which can move in a volume of blowing (V1) delimited in particular by the inner wall of an insulating cylinder (8) inside said casing (1) and a first face (7A) of a blowing nozzle (7), said piston being pushed by a spring ( 9) kept bandaged when the circuit breaker is in the engaged position, said circuit breaker comprising a thermal expansion volume (V2) delimited in particular by the interior wall of said cylinder (8), a second face (7B) of the nozzle and a transverse partition ( 11) through which slides the e movable contact (10), means being provided so that, during a high current cut, the piston (4) cannot, after having run in the direction of compression of the blowing volume (V1) , move the other way. Disjoncteur selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que les moyens pour que le piston (4) ne puisse se déplacer dans l'autre sens, sont constitués par une section de passage (se), entre le col (7c) de la buse (7) et le volume de soufflage (V1), inférieure à la section totale (s2 + s3 + s4) des autres passages offerts au gaz s'échappant du volume d'expansion thermique.Circuit breaker according to claim 1, characterized in that the means so that the piston (4) cannot move in the other direction, are constituted by a passage section (se), between the neck (7c) of the nozzle ( 7) and the blowing volume (V1), less than the total section (s2 + s3 + s4) of the other passages offered to the gas escaping from the thermal expansion volume. Disjoncteur selon l'une des revendications 1 et 2, caractérisé en ce que le contact semi-mobile (3) est un contact tubulaire mettant en communication le volume de soufflage (V1) et le volume (V3) situé à l'arrière du piston.Circuit breaker according to one of claims 1 and 2, characterized in that the semi-mobile contact (3) is a tubular contact putting the blowing volume (V1) and the volume (V3) located at the rear of the piston into communication . Disjoncteur selon l'une des revendications 1 et 2, caractérisé en ce que le contact semi-mobile est une tige pleine (3A).Circuit breaker according to one of claims 1 and 2, characterized in that the semi-mobile contact is a solid rod (3A). Disjoncteur selon l'une des revendications 1 à 4, caractérisé en ce que le contact mobile (10) est un contact tubulaire.Circuit breaker according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the movable contact (10) is a tubular contact. Disjoncteur selon la revendication 5, caractérisé ne ce que le contact mobile (10) possède au moins un perçage que le contact mobile (10) possède au moins un perçage (40) placé de manière à permettre la communication entre l'extrémité de ce contact côté buse (7) et l'intérieur du volume d'expansion thermique (V2), pendant une partie de la course de ce contact lors d'une manoeuvre de déclenchement du disjoncteur.Circuit breaker according to claim 5, characterized in that the movable contact (10) has at least one bore as the movable contact (10) has at least one bore (40) positioned so as to allow communication between the end of this contact on the nozzle side (7) and the interior of the thermal expansion volume (V2), during part of the stroke of this contact during a tripping operation of the circuit breaker. Disjoncteur selon l'une des revendications 1 à 6, caractérisé en ce que le cylindre isolant (8) comprend des trous (20) pour permettre une communication entre le volume (V3) situé à l'arrière du piston (4) et le volume compris entre ledit cylindre (8) et ladite enveloppe (1).Circuit breaker according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the insulating cylinder (8) comprises holes (20) to allow communication between the volume (V3) located at the rear of the piston (4) and the volume between said cylinder (8) and said envelope (1).
EP91108128A 1990-05-23 1991-05-21 Medium high voltage circuit breaker Expired - Lifetime EP0458236B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR9006458A FR2662540B1 (en) 1990-05-23 1990-05-23 MEDIUM VOLTAGE CIRCUIT BREAKER.
FR9006458 1990-05-23

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0458236A1 true EP0458236A1 (en) 1991-11-27
EP0458236B1 EP0458236B1 (en) 1995-01-04

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ID=9396894

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EP91108128A Expired - Lifetime EP0458236B1 (en) 1990-05-23 1991-05-21 Medium high voltage circuit breaker

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US (1) US5155313A (en)
EP (1) EP0458236B1 (en)
JP (1) JP2563856B2 (en)
CN (1) CN1023737C (en)
AT (1) ATE116764T1 (en)
BR (1) BR9102093A (en)
CA (1) CA2043025C (en)
DE (1) DE69106436T2 (en)
DK (1) DK0458236T3 (en)
ES (1) ES2067796T3 (en)
FR (1) FR2662540B1 (en)
GR (1) GR3015385T3 (en)

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EP2387057A1 (en) * 2010-05-12 2011-11-16 ABB Technology AG Gas-isolated high voltage switch

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2683383B1 (en) * 1991-11-04 1993-12-31 Gec Alsthom Sa HIGH OR MEDIUM VOLTAGE CIRCUIT BREAKER WITH TRIPLE MOTION.
EP2325859B1 (en) * 2009-11-24 2013-04-17 ABB Technology AG Gas-isolated high voltage switch
KR101116388B1 (en) * 2010-10-15 2012-03-09 엘에스산전 주식회사 Electromagnetic switching device
EP3659624B1 (en) 2014-01-15 2022-11-16 The U.S.A. as represented by the Secretary, Department of Health and Human Services Cartilage targeting agents and their use

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FR2356258A1 (en) * 1976-06-24 1978-01-20 Sprecher & Schuh Ag Compressed gas circuit breaker - has sprung free piston slidable on separator and facing fixed contact close to nozzle
EP0149470A2 (en) * 1984-01-13 1985-07-24 Alsthom Gas-blast high tension circuit breaker
DE3727802A1 (en) * 1987-08-20 1989-03-02 Licentia Gmbh Self-extinguishing gas-blast circuit breaker
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EP2387057A1 (en) * 2010-05-12 2011-11-16 ABB Technology AG Gas-isolated high voltage switch
US8766131B2 (en) 2010-05-12 2014-07-01 Abb Technology Ag Gas-insulated high-voltage switch

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE69106436T2 (en) 1995-05-11
FR2662540A1 (en) 1991-11-29
EP0458236B1 (en) 1995-01-04
US5155313A (en) 1992-10-13
ES2067796T3 (en) 1995-04-01
CA2043025C (en) 1994-11-22
ATE116764T1 (en) 1995-01-15
JPH04280016A (en) 1992-10-06
BR9102093A (en) 1991-12-24
CN1056371A (en) 1991-11-20
JP2563856B2 (en) 1996-12-18
DE69106436D1 (en) 1995-02-16
FR2662540B1 (en) 1992-07-31
DK0458236T3 (en) 1995-05-22
GR3015385T3 (en) 1995-06-30
CN1023737C (en) 1994-02-09
CA2043025A1 (en) 1991-11-24

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